Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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UNION 0. II., SOUTH CAROLINA, FEBRUARY 15, 1S7S. NUMBER1!'. ^ ._ ? f <**"" at-*- -? THE PATRONS. OF HUSBANDRY. 6IXTII ANNUAL MKKTINO OF TIIK STATK ORANGE. Address of the Worthy Master?J. N. JjIPSCOMI). Patrons : Thoso of you who were at the last session of the State Grange will recollect that the reports of tho Worthy Master, Secretary and Treasurer gave a very gloomy aspect as to our condition, both financially and as to tho working of the order. It affords me great pleasure to inform you of a very decided change in the liuaucial condition of tho order, and to congratulate you Xipou it. "It was supposed that 'thls State Grange was heavily in arrears for dues to the National Grange, and totally unable to pay out. I at once put the Worthy Secretary and Treasurer to work to overhaul the reports, accounts and settlements had by me luruier oaerwary since ioi l, wiin^tlie view of getting the full benefit of the rebate allowed by the National (Jrange upon ^ all the Granges that should have been V * marked J). R., 8. or C., on the quarterly reports, and upon which the Worthy Treasurer of the National Grange assessed the dues. This required great labor, intense application, uud that long continued; but I lind the highly efficient officers you had chosen as Secretary and Treasurer fully adequate to the task, willing and zealous in the work, for which I feci it my duty to givo them uiy highlcst commendation and ask you to add yours. The results of this labor has entirely relieved us from any indebtedness to the National Grange, and put our treasury, although not full, in a sound and healthy condition. There was a long delay in getting the books belonging to tbe Secretary's office transferred from the old to the new Secretary, which greatly retarded and embarrassed both the new Secretary and myself i.i efficiently perforating the duties of our respective offices, and answering the numerous calls upon us lor aid and information.? Tl.n?? l.?o I - r -I - . x uiiiu ii.10 iijvi/ uutii .1 mi.ii in niruiiii settlement of the accounts of the Worthy Past , Secretary, ilrothcr William Hood, with the Treasnrer. He tendered a receipt for what ! he claims was a balance due hiui on salary, amounting co 898.10, and asking the Tresis? urer to give him a receipt in lull. This Treasurer A.?kcu referred to me and I declined to approve, and it is now for the Grange to take charge of and fairly adjudicate the whole matter. In accordance with the action had at the last session to establish Pnuinua Granges, I have used my utmost endeavors to establish one in each county, and have succeeded far beyond my most sanguine expectations.? Most of the counties of the State are now uudcr the Pomona system, and many deriving great benefit from it. 1 most earnestly urge upon you the importance of perfecting the Pomona system, by making such changes anil additions as ?ln> nvn.iiv.iiin,. ..( ... .... members have fbuml requisite and beneficial. In some cases, under the pressure of peculiar circunistanees, 1 found that entire failure would ensue from a punctilious adherence to technical rules and provisions, and in such cases I have assumed the responsibility of partially dispensing with lucre forms, when I could do so and not violate imperative law or fundamental principles. While the order has iu this State, as in all others, as lar as I am informed, decreased in. numbers, it has improved ia the standard of membership, by improving all those who had any zeal, and got rid of many who joined from curiosity or selfish motives, and were disappointed iu their exaggerated expectations. In accordance with your resolution of last session, a ''Summer Meeting" was held at Anderson Court House, which was deeply interesting and highly beneficial to I'at^ rons and the order?and also tothoso "witli^ out the gates" and to the public generally. Essays of high order were read, and discussions had upon many subjects of an agricultural nature, and others upon questions of public policy. The effect of these essays and discussions are. to he seen iu many points of legislation had and now pending. 'J'ho Crange and agriculturists of Spartanburg County sent to us at Aude.son a most cordial invitation to hold the next. "Summer Mooting" with them ; this was received tit" ' * jum id:iuks returned, and is now indole you J'or your consideration and action. The question of representation is one that should have your careful and patient, consideration ; and it no other change is made, let me impress upon you the almost imperative necessity ol' making Masters ol Pomona (iranges ex officio lull voting members of the State (!range, regardless of whether they are Masters of subordinate ^ (iranges or not. Under the Pomona system B all business communications,correspondence and reports should go upnml down between the subordinate and State ( range* and their respective officers, through the Pomona < I range and their officers, as this is the only way in which the a flairs of the order can he efficiently conducted and constant cm fusion ami misunderstanding prevented. The greatest need of the order in this State now is (hit there shall lie some one. : at least, ol the officers of the State (iraligc J put on duty in such a way that each unty can he visited at least once in each year. and ofteucr, if needed, and the entire organization inspected, instructed and disciplined in both the written and unwritten work, at the sauie tiuie, using; every available opportunity tor making public addres- 1 ses to explain the objects, ends, uses and intentions of the order, removing as far as possible the prejudices and misapprehensions that so evidently exist against it, and use all legimatc argument to popularize the order. To do this as it should be, either 1 the Lecturer or Master should be chosen, aud to him a per diem paid sufficient to compensate him for the sacrifice.# At prcs- 1 cut only the actual traveling Expenses of the Master arc paid, aud his tiurc ami labor is a gratuitous, contribution. This is nsjc-4 ing too much, if he is expected to go wheu | and where needed, and if he does not, the Order must suffer. 1 have attended every call made upon me in time, unless proven iou uy prior engagements or sickness, but it has been at a heavy sacrifice of my individual interests. Long continued sickness prevented my attendance on the recent I meeting of the National Grange at Ciucin- ] nati, and I have not yet received any copy ' of its proceedings. 1 The reports of the Executive Committee, J Treasurer, and Secretary, will furnish you with detailed information of the affairs of 1 the order as connected with their respective 1 departments, and 1 confidently predict that you will find them full and able, and I hope satisfactory. I call your attention to the State Grange agency in Charleston. From chance infor- 1 uiation L learn that it is being used very 1 satisfactorily, to a small extent, by some lo- | ! calities, but it stands more as a permission to Brother Folder to do lousiness as an in- 1 dividual donded agent than as a regular State agent. 1 suppose his report will give , you information and suggestions, useful in promoting and extending the usefulness oi'! this very important part of this machinery j1 of our order. At your last meeting you made the Mus- i rfcr cx oj/icio chairman of the executive com- j; in it tee. and it was decided at the lirft meet- i ing of said eo i niittce that your action did , not conlbr upon liini a vote, hut only to pre- j side. This construction was right as your by-law Wis worded, hut is a useless expense j to require the Master to attend the commit tec meetings merely for the purpose of pre- 1 siding ovojumftHPMtteo of three. L recommend that it he changed, and he he ! made either a member of the committee, or given concurrent jurisdiction ; or, that he 1 he relieved of attendance upon the meetings 1 of the committee. This is not made on ae- 1 count of any difference or disagreements between the members of the committee and the Master; for. upon the contrary, thy most cordial and friendly relations exist, 1 and I have to acknowledge the most respectful and courteous treatment upon the 1 part of the members of the committee, collectively and individually. In conclusion, allow uie to impress upon each of you to try to realize the great importance that exists to sustain this order, to revive it, to build it up and rest it upon so secure and firm a foundation that its existence will he no longer a contingency; that the benefits and blessings it was intended to give may spread Lroadeast over our whole country ; ihat it may meet the approbation and commendation of all, both "within" and "without the gates." To do this effectually, each one of you must fully realize your individual obligation to devote your individual and collective efforts to the work. In no other way can it succeed.? No set of officers you may select can in and of themselves by their unaided efforts conduct the affairs of the order, unless their hands arc upheld and supported by the united strength of the united hands, heads and hearts ol each and every Patron. Thorcc,..-., !> .>?l. i i - ?> --- 1 1 .w.v , wn.wi.-, ,,||.| oiaiiM.-', 1CI us ;i 11 ;iu<l C5ICI1 here and now determine and pledge ourselves to renew our faith in this grand and glorious mission ; to revive our zeal and ardor, and to double our efforts to sustain it. If we do this, as sous and daughters of South Carolina should, then we may rest assured that the Grange, with all its advantages and benefits, educational, social and business, will be secured to us and to our cliildr 'ii and our children's children, in spite of the prejudice, opposition and misrepresentation of skeptics, sneerers. speculators and middle men. l>o this, and your names will go down to posterity honored and respected, and future generations will | ris: up and bless your memory for the good works that you will have done for them ? Trusting that your deliberations and councils may he governed by dignity, concord and frjnity. held under our cardinal i>rin eiples c?l' "Faith, 11 ?|>o, Charity and l"*i?lol- j ity." and redown to the benefit, promotion and welfare of the cause that called you ' here, 1 will close. The Knylish feed (or fattening sheep consists of cotton seed and turnips. They claim that it will put on the most fat. is (ho safest food, makes the best mutton at a less cost, and produces the best and strongest manure. There are some things it never pays to doctor If you have a sick fiuit tree of any kind di-x it up at once, and in so doiiijj ?'tiur a l i;: hole ready for a thrifty tree next sprintr. ABOUT CO-OPKATION. ^ ^ Co-operation must b^tii in thought. It is of no use to mark it<out as engine do n a Hue of travel, and try to switch thisfcrcat h order into it; at least not until its mehibcrs u have tried the shorlejr lines lcadfu ? frouj- v their farms to their neighbors. It is a:aaz- g ing that thoso international co-operative c trade schemes should be p:css:d to the no- a lice of farmers, who have not yet made the- r slightest effort to co operate in business uf- a fairs at home. Whatever good might at- p tend the sueeossful working of thesp graud d schemes, it is a blind coufidencof iu un- It! proved theory that leads good mew to sup- p pose that radical changes may bo wrought ii ety, except by those graduations which per- ti in it the ground to be surveyed uud carefully s tried all along the way. The grange itself r ic on f i t'o Knf %? n/iOi.eoa?ilu IV* a* I. IU v?/ ujrbiumv,, UUV IIVIV IIWVVC3UI 11J IU1 V.IU II purpose of business gains. Whenever and e wherever it has been used solely for such a [rain, it has fallen to decay, for it has had p shifting foundation. The first needs of the t order are the strengthening of social tics. t< the development of confidence, mental cul- tl ture, and the consequent elevation of man- v hood and womanhood, which, after all, is o the grand object. As a means for the at- a tainment of these objects, the grange is a h worthy institution. When it is diverted r from them, to promote any scheme, it must t fail of its true purpose. If the National a Grange will study the situation, it must see ii that it will not be wise to step far beyond f the p topic. If it can devise the means to a solidity the order so that it will become a t power in directing the affairs of the country, v that will do more lor the general welfare, t than to divert all the trade profits of the u year into the poekets of men already too n mercenary to allow thought to stray from y the everlasting theme?material gains?to 1 j try its powers in affairs which concern all. ! o I'nder a form of government that rests on j li the intelligence of the people as its only t security, there must be an obligation 011 the t part of the people to cultivate intelligence, p Especially docs this obligation rest upon u farmers who have property rights atstake. p Already, because of their iuattcntion to j f this plain requirement, they arc oppressed | li liy unjust burdens. While they cmnot e make the grange a political power, they f euu use it as the menus by which to lit them- ti selves for intelligent action in public matter, s This will bring more good to them and to c all the industrial classes than they can get t through grand trade schemes spread over s two continents. Meantime, co-oparation so t begun and faithfully continued, will reach li numberless ways by which gratifying prolits may conic, without disturbing any interests of society; and the grange, by reaching only f after what is attainable, and getting it, will | 1' come to be iVgardod as a respectable factor i d in the public welfare.? Thr. Husbandman, i li * ?? t Goon Advice.?Governor A ancc, at the j, Weldon Fair gave his hearers some very sound advice, lie said the late war had taught tin South several important lessons, which he proceeded to specify. One of c them was. that cotton is not kihg, but that ( meat and bread are, and h<j urged tho iuiportanco not only of producing enough of these for home use, but also of engaging in manufactures. "We must not rely upon the north," be said, "fdT our wheel hubs j and axe handles, our buggy shafts, and j every mechanical and domestic article we use, but must get to making those articles J for ourselves." Another lesson was, that the Southern c people should not depend altogether upon negro labor, but nn.st go to work for themselves. lie drew a picture of half a dozen , . li white men ''sitting around a store door, whittling white pine and cursing the negro f nccauso mo won t work,'' and in contrast ' s with this he pointed to t lie happiness and in- I ' dependence of a family "who are not j J ashamed, nor afraid, nor too lazy to do their j own work." This is good wholesome talk, and its utterance l>y a Democratic Governor t of a Southern state shows how great a ^ change the war and its concomitant events j have really wrought. Get those good pco- v pie of the North who feel that the South cannot be trusted to get along without the special supervision of the; l'cderal Govern- ^ mcnt take courage from this evidence of ( progress. The reform which springs from the midst of a p.oplc, and has its origin in j their own CYieiiidiiH' iilntiu ntnl I.I ; - ,1""". r>. ? ? !? ?*? i?.i, | sentiments, is infinitely more substantial tlinn any which could bo imposed by an ox- ( tcrior Ibrcc.?Murfrccxboro Enquirer. I IIkkf Sm??tiii-:iski) Down.?Two, three, ' or lour hours before dinner, (according to tho size of your piece of meat.) put the ) beef into boiling water, and ke< p it boiling 1 gently until it is cooked very lender. I>y j this time the water in tho kettle should have all boiled away. Season with salt, J (and pepper, if you choose^ when the water is mostly boiled away, and turn the meat about in the kettle frequently toward tho last. If at any time more water must 1 be added, let it be boiling water. A piece \ with much bono is not suitable for this method of boiling, as too much water is re- ' quired to cover it. ] The reputation a man gels from his :;ncestors, wants about as much altering to lit him as their clothes would. ? THE VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL PAPIR8. No industry iu tbo United Spates Inn jade greater progress than fanning. There ias been not ouly great advances in the i^lhods aud appliances, but there has been cry remarked iuiprovnicut in the intcllieneo of farmers as a class. Our grand ommon school system has done much, as lso the telegraph and the daily press, in aisiug tho standard of general intelligence moug us as a nation. No influcucc the ast 23 years has been tnorc valuable in isseuiinating information among farmers, ban the agricultural press. Valuable iuirovoments iu farm machinery, additions of unjl journals in each ?tatc. The discusions which annually take place iu our agicultural journals regarding tho ravages of lsects, the mildew and blight, and the disases among domestic stock, bring out from 11 over tbo country so much practical cx......... i:.... i i--i uiivmvu, o\j UI.IIIJ Itllltuit^ tlllU lUill lie aggregate value IVoui this source is not o be computed. The 01190 common sneer hat was made against, agricultural papers, 17.: that they wore, useless because they uly treated of "book farming," is passing way. Every intelligent farmer must have is paper, because it gives him, from a wide ange of observation, the practical hints el he best, farmers of the country and cables him to keep pace with the progress and inprovemont of his own business. The armor who does not read, in this day and go of the world, is as much behind the iuios as the merchant or lawyer would b< rho ignores the best ideas and practices ol hose with whom he has to compete. Nc notiey expended in a farmer's family docs nore to interest, as well as instruct, the oung members of the family, than thai aid for tiieir own paper.' Every number f a farm and family journal is made tc iclp the mother and the children; the hrec or four cents per week is returned a housand fold in many ways, besides the ii'ofit gaiued in information 011 crops and larkets. The agricultural press have prewired the way for organization atnonir the armors, aud it is to the interest of every inner not only for his own pecuniary benfit and that of his family, but for the proLissiou of which he is a incmbcr, to assist o build up strong and able champions and upporters No class of journals in the ountry arc more ably edited or better prilled than the farmer's papers and none do crvc more thoroughly cordial support from ho people in whose interests they arc pub ished.?Prair in Parmer. Pay Promptly.?Credit is a bad thinj or everybody. If we could induce ever) armor to keep out of debt, we should have lone him a greater service than anybody las ever doue him. It is the great barrier o the success of the farmer, lie spends lis harvest before be garners it, and is al rays at the mercy of the creditor, lie auuot hold bis produce for better prices foi be note was given for what be eouli asily have done without. Hut the crcdi or has some rights which should not hi ivcrlooked, and sonic one has well statci licm in the following : In matters of business the maxim "Tinu s money" is of great practical value. I s so to the merchant, the mechanic, tin arnier. Time squandered, and the vcrj irop of life is swept away. In the busi less transactions of the world, to save timi > a golden secret, and everything that en rn-i fit no nn/?n !*?<? . v,?.v?iv.j Uj;?'n UIIO ^uuuilill I I UilSUI U llJlllL'l , loss upon the community. And puuctu lily or delinquency in (lie pnymcut ol lebts sustain an intimate relation to the ubjeet. This any eye can see. Mucl inie is lost in collecting debts, especially mall debts, which would bo saved, nuii night be devoted to useful business, if inci rould keep their engagements. And tin oss in this ease falls just where it oughl lot to fall?upon the creditor, end not upoi he debtor, who is truly the offending party dauy debts, and especially smalls ones, cosi norc time in their collection than they an rorth. A bill of a few dollars or a few hillings is presented again and again?'ii hall be paid soon"?at.d yet nothing come! ?nt promises. The operation consume: iiuch time, and imposes an unjust and op iressive tax upon creditor,and that, too, ii nany instances at least, in return for a rea avor. Had the clerk, or apprentice, 01 ithcr noent oinnhivml in lebt-% applied himself diligently to business le could in many instances have earner norc than he had been able to collect.? I bis is enough to ruin almost any mai vliosc business is conducted on a small seal n relation to bis debtors, and who at tin Mine time sustains heavy responsibilities ti is creditors. His stock in trade, or hi abor expended upon raw materials, require arire sums at stated periods, in order tc tin uiccessl'ul prosecution oi*his business; and i lis own time, or the time of his agents, i onsnmed in collecting a thousand littli lebfs, even should he by the more power o mportunity finally succeed, by fraud, am lie whole social and business world mad o suffer fiom want of ''punctuality in tin > lynient of debts."?UVs///'h Hhrot. How to make a Maltese ci<>ss ? Trcai in her tail. . ???'s originality in farming. * ?' ' t Thorc arc two ways iu which a farmer > may manage his business, lie may observo i definite rules without regard to vnryiug circumstances, or ho uiay bj guided by his . own judgment aud regulate his own operations according to conditions. There is a i tendency among a large clasl'of farmers to be guided by maxims which they ha*o received from their fathers. Thoy plaut their corn and wheat as nearly as possiblo ou stated days or at stated times of tho moon. They hoe and cultivate their corn a given number of times .without much to' gard to ft lie condition of the soil, and in all When we consider Iho variety of oireum. stances under which the same crops aru ' raised in different localities, it is cvideut that no rules can be given for their management that it will bo best to follow iu all cases. There arc fields of corn that will thrive and produce well with very little , culture, while others will bo nearly ruined by quack grass and thistles, without very thorough cultivation. Sometimes the weeds arc of such a kiud that a smoothing harrow is the best implement that can be used for destroying theui, while at others the timehonored corn plow is the only instrument ' that will prove effectual. Unless tho farmer uses judgment in the management of his [ corn he will not always get it at the least . cost per bushel. 1 The same may be said of every depart? uicnt of farm labor. The old rules may bo . safe, but there is sometimes a better way, p and the farmer who can look beyond, and , see when his practice?and it may bo va5 ried with profit?has an advantage over t others. There is as much opportunity for making good results in raising our crops by * taking advantage of circumstances, as there , is iu selling them by taking advantage of j tho markets. It is often noticed that the k farmers who do the most hard work do not . always succeed the best. This is because they do too little thinking. . The question should always be: "llowcan I apply my labor so that it will bo most effectual 1" Mnnv farmers neenmnliuli -v #?r",v" M4W4W . with their heads than with their huuds. There is an opportunity for originality not only in the management of crops, but [ as well in all the appurtenances of the farm , ?Din'yo Rural. SMALL FARMS. Those farmers who find themselves pos1 scsscd of more land than they can utilize should now be making arrangements to dispose of their surplus acres to those who are willing and able to bring order out of cha; os, to make fertile fields out of deserted r plantations and uncultivated wastes. Small ' farms well tilled make a happy and prosperous people, for tho small farmer, if he pos' sesscs ordinary intelligence and experience, > is always in easy circumstances. Ho cultivates every foot of his laud without cx: hausting his accumulations, lie is con> stantly reaching out for more, but continues 1 to make the best of what he has. The owner of a large farm is of ton crushed i by its magnitude. 11c cauuol cultivate its 1 entire area and the useless acres sap his vitality, expend bis means and plunge him into 5 debt. ^ t Taxes cat up his sustenance by slow but > ? OU1U U|ff!I UUUI1UI9* The true disposition to make of a largo body of land is to sell alternate farms to actual settlers, at moderate rates, and upon easy and accommodating terms. This ins creases the value of tlio remaining farms, - which, in time, can bo sold at very satisfacf tory prices. While, however, the mania ' lor increasing aero upon acre, for no well > defined purpose, exists and is indulged, the ' man may safely calculate that he takes upl on his shoulders a burden which becomes i unbearable. The mole hill becomes a J mountain?the little ant enlarges to clct phaiTtinc proportions.?Ex. Chick kn Ciioi.kka?A Curk.?Tho " following is said to bo an infallible remedy for the so-called chicken cholera : Make a | mixture of two ounces each of red pepper, 1 alum, resin and Hour of sulphur, and put it in their food in proportions of one tablespoonful to three pints of scalded meal. In severe eases, give about one-third of a teaspoonful in a meal pellet once a day to each , I fowl, imttiny a small lmnn nl' ?!n?i ?!>?'... I I r> r ? ' v.ii drinking water. The writer says: "I I have tried the above ingredients with marked success; have cured fowls in the last j stage of the disease. I make it a practice . ^ now to give my fowls some of it once or twice a week, and there arc no symptoms of any disease among thorn."?liullclin. c _ . '! In Kngland they arc adopting i horse 0 shoe made of cowhide, and known as tho s Vntcsshoc. I tis composed of three thickncss sos of cowhide compressed into a steel mould, e and then subjected to a chemical prcparaf tion. It is claimed for it that it lasts lons ger and weighs only one-fourth as much as a' tlic common iron shoe; that it will never f cause the hoof to split, nor have the least 1 injurious influence on the loot. It requires >' no calks; even on asphalt tho horse uevor c slips. The shoo is so elastic that the horse's step is lighter and surer. It adheres so closely to the foot tint neither dust nor 1 water can penetrate between tbe shoe ami ' hoof.