The weekly Union times. [volume] (Union C.H., South Carolina) 1871-1894, September 07, 1877, Image 1
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W&*A '. ^ljiqultniq, Jjortiqulturp, gontqstiq tiqonoing, jjolite jroyturq, jpolitiqa, and thq <|uritnl Jfap? of the gaj.
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?XI xar&AATlVJS flXUUEBSITY 70S WWIKO
LARGELY 07 SMALL GRAIN THIS FALL.
ErxTOitSouthern Cur/riVATOR.-?-From
a careful reading of the Cultivator -for several
years, I am satisfied you thoroughly
appreciate the value of small grain to the
^Southern farmer, and that you havo been
unremitting in your efforts to encourage a
* larger growth. On account of its importance,
it should be kept constantly before
'our farmers, until every one is converted to
the bolief that he commits a great error wheu
' file fails to devote a fair proportion of his land
to oats, wheat, barley and rye. The maximum
of success iu farming can never be
obtained without the aid of these cereals,
for to whatever extent a farmer may plant
o?f oorn aud cotton, it is always in order to
v . AuppUunat with fall somv grain. It may
be sown at a period when neither of these
can be, and requires comparatively little
caro, producing a spring harvest. It is no '
argument against grain growing to say (as
many do) that at the proper time to sow
th.>y are too busy picking cotton and gath- ,
ering corn, and that harvest time comes at
a period when every energy is devoted to j
choppiug cotton and cleaning corn. A
slight expense in extra labor here pays by j
far the largest profit of tin operations of j
the farm, and how foolish to bo deterred by
such reason ing.(?)
From indications uow, it would seem that 1
the South, is destined yet to become a groat
wheat and oat producing country. It will j
be that when we produce euough to meet
our home consumption; .And thatoyve ought '
to do, for tho simple reason thalTsPe Can do 0
it so easily. We may never care to raise
them for export, on account ot the competition
of other sections, but wc may ad
vauce another important indnstrv fwnol c
ft ~ ?" \ ** " ** r
growing) by any surplus. Whether barley ^
and rye shall be grown other than for graz- J
ing or soiling is yet to bo demonstrated.? j
Sor these purposes alone, however, they arc
invaluable. At preseut the oat is the most
valuable cereal to us, aud next to it wheat. t
As a money crop oats arc far ahead of
wheat, consic^ring the comparative yicM
and price. How long this will continue, ot ?
course depends on "supply aud demand."
We certaiuly ought to grow enough wheat
for homo consumption. If every farmer in
the South would, this fall, devote ouc acre
of good land to wheat and three to oats per
mule, what a difference it would make in
our resources next summer !
I do not know to what extent crops arc ^
a failure iu othor secCtbns or Georgia, tout-*iu
this I know there will be a great deficicncy
in the provisiou crops, and cotton is
not promising more than three-fifths.?
r?? . i - * 1 n A
mere win uot do ono-tniru 01 a crop oi t(
sweet potatoes aud peas, and uot much over j,
a half crop of corn, I am arraid. It is as "j
bad in South-western Georgia, the papers
state. Dry weather has prevailed general- ^
ly throughout the State, and caused more
or less damage it is certain. In view of ^
this, is it not imperative that we should be ()
unusually active this fall, iu endeavoring to
meet these deficiencies by a larger spring
harvest? Iu all probability, the coming ^
season will be a fair and perhaps fiuc oue j.
for grain. Let us not proorastiuate, and s
when September and Octobor comes be uuprepared
aud say, "Well, I believe I will Q
wait until spring." Get seed ready at
- JIaJU lw???j Oiul
sow by tnel5th of October?bearing in mind J
this fact, that if put uniformly 3J to -I y
inches deep, the plants will withstand the ^
severest freezes of winter, and also suffer
much less from May aud Juno droughts.
If porchanco auy one farmer should be ^
induced so sow, where he had intended not
to sow, or to sow more largely, by anything |
I may have said, I would be glad to have a (]
postal from him next .June, setting forth his
conclusions in the matter. S. A. C.
: . L
New Development.?It has come to d
light recently, that a large quantity of the u
5,000 Remington Rifles, belonging to the t
>Statc were sold to sporting organizations dur- c
aug the Republican rule, by the officer hav- I
ing them iu his charge, aud that worse thau c
all, this individual has appropriated the lit- a
tie fund raised through this side speculation, c
to his own private purposes. To what ex- c
cent tills lias been carried on, 1r*t not yet c
boon definitely ascertained, but it has been t
pretty heavy. Adjutant General Moise is '
xL~ A 1- il. ? 1- - 1 - a x? 1
uu iuu truuh. ui niw wuuie iraiifcciewon, una i
tho guilty party will soon be brought up and t
made to answer for his theft. When the s
whole thing is sifted through, which will t
Moon be done, our people will know what be- v
came of the many thousand missing State a
arms. t
? * ?
Dr. Caldwell, of Iowa, states that in 1802 ?
he was present at the exhumation of a body
which had been buried two years before, j
The coffin had sprung open at tho joints, .,
and the hair protruded through the open- j
ings. On opening tho coffin tho hair of .
the head was found to measure eighteen
inches, the whiskers eight inches and the
hair on the breast fivo or six inches. The
man had been shaved before beings ,4
In 1847, ? similar circumstance occurred
in Mercer County, Pa. I11 digging a grave, ?
the workmen came upon the skeleton of' a (
man that had been buried ten years. The f
hair was us firm as during life, and had
grown to a length of eleven or twelve inches.
<
A
AGRICULTURAL PROGRESS IN MECKLENBURG,
NORTH CAROLINA THE WORKING
OF THE FENCE LAW.
Having a business call to Charlotto last
week, wo made use of tho opportunity thus
afforded for taking a look atthc surrounding
couutry, to note the progress of our neighbors,
and to inquire into the workiugs of
the new fence or stock law in that section.
To make a good beginning, we started
under the care of Capt. Wads worth, directly
to his celebrated farm, situated to the
west of Charlotte, just outside of the limits
of the town. We were prepared to see a
?i r i^ ~
uiab uiuba ihiui, out, uia uoi expect to tind
ono so complete in nil its arrangements, combining
such a number of small iudustrios,
under one general management.
Capt. NVadsworth has adopted the true
system of farming, for which our country is
adapted?that of mixed "husllnndry ; practicing
a system of rotation, under which corn
and cotton are followed by small grain,
which in turn arc succeeded by clover and
the grasses. Concentrating his manures
upon the cultivated crops?corn and cotton;
Ins thorough preparation for, and cultivation
:>f. these crops, insures a fine yield, and
leaves his fields in fine condition for the
*rain, grass aud clover which arc to follow; 1
ind the lands are virtually at rest, and rapid- i
\y recuperate by the accumulation of vege- '
;ablo matter, wliilc protected by the last '<
lamed crops, although furnishing large
]uantities of hay for his stock. Stock rais- '
ng is also a part of this system of mixed 1
lusbandry, and ho runs a dairy farm as a I
jart of his system, having one of the most
ionvcuicnt, commodious barus, with% all <
nodern arrangements, for the protection aud (
io'nvenience of his stock. 1
lie pays particular attention to the pro- (
luotion of fruits of all kinds,?such as ap- J
das, peaches^ pears, plums, cherries aud t
;rapes, haviug a fine vineyard of the last, 1
or which he finds a ready market in Char- 1
ottc, turning the remainder, if auy, into 1
riue. Hogs, turkeys, geese, ducks, chick- 1
us, pigeons, ?xc., are raised in large quanti- s
ics, and the large flock of from scveuty-fivc 1
o one hundred turkeys, scattered over a k
rctty meadow, was alone a sight worth go- 1
ug to see. This farm is worth an article 1
n itself, being a model for this couutry, 8
rhich every one should imitate, leading as c
t does, in the right direction, and showing, k
s a forerunner of better days, what can f
nd will be done witji this favored country "
f ours under a more intelligent and more 8
crfect system of agriculture. k
.There are.said InJw ninnir (ma farina and _S
luch fine stock around Charlotte, but after
visit to one of her gold mines, which is
ow in successful operation, we turned our ^
ttention to an examination'and inquiry in- i
3 the operations of the new fcucc or stock
iw. This law has been in operations iu
lie adjoining county (Cabarrus) for three t
ears, and a farmer from that county told
s that it was now giving general and almost r
crfect satisfaction; and that no injustice ^
ras done to any oue uuder the new order f
f things. It has prevailed in some town- g
hips of Mecklenburg for several years, but '
t was difficult to pass it in aud around ^
Miarlotte, as every one owned a cow or two, j
ir which they had free pasturage. It pased,
however, lust winter, and nearly every j
tie acknowledges that it is better, and the j
nly complaint that wc heard was, that the s
liutigc came too suddculr. and that sumo <
leopftr -rrarrto m&kc extra exertions to get
heir pastures in readiness before the crops 't
rcrc planted. We talked with white and
lack, landlord aud landless, and all acknowl- j
dged that wlicu the contracts for another j
ear are made, every inconvenience will be j
rranged, aud every oue satisfied with the
usticc and fairness of the new law. Among
he results, or effects of the ucw law, we
nay mention that all of the vacant lands
.round tho town have been put under culivation
and made to produce fiue crops;
lairy farms have been established, and milk
.mi butter can be purchased for less than it j
akes to feed a cow, (milk now selling at 25 .
icnts per gallon); permanent pastures have (
iceu established around the towu in which
iows can be pastured at reasonable rates ;
tnd besidos, since the stock have been en
(
dosed, vegetation is more luxuriant, and a
:ow tied out to a stake with a long rope can
molly pick enough grass to keep her iu good
iondition, at this season, without feeding.?
The farms aud fields that were under fence j
email) so, but all around Charlotte fields are
o be found without a fence; and there is a
mall patch of corn on Main Street, near
he ccntro of the town, without a fence, <
vhich remains untouched by man or beast: ;
nd in a few years wc expect to sec her beau- i
iful yards and lawns unprotected by any- |
hing save hedges, or very light ornamental s
ences. 1
Our observations aud inquiries in Meek
enburg only serve to strengthen the con
dction long felt, that the stock law is exact- |
y what is need id to put our people upon |
he high road to agricultural prosperity.? |
Sj)artun. i
Plain Rioe Pudding.?Totwolvo cups |
.nit and about a tcaspoonful of butter. IOx ellent
baked in a blow oven for three or <
bur hours.
In the country they blow a horn before
linucr; in town they take one.
CHOLERA IN POULTRY.
An Essay ltcad Before the Summer Mcc<
ing of the State Grange at Anderson, ?
C., on the 10th of August, Prepared b
J II. Foster, of Lancaster County, S. C
Of the few diseases poultry are liable tc
none seems to deserve so much utteution a
cholera. From some points of rcsouiblnuc'
between this ailment 0nd Asiatic cholcr;
among men, it is probiblo they have a )ik<
origin; that is, oither iymotic or*animalcu
lar. Such symptoms as diarrhooa, collapsi
nud rat>id fatalitv. without nnv annnron
ft j i ?j t r
symptom, are couunon to both. Also th<
fact that Asiatic cholera usually commence:
in India, and that sovcral Urge breeds o
chickcuB have b#eu imported from that coun
try duriug the last twenty or thirty years
It is a well known fact that disuses anfllo
kingdom. Enlarged is
chicken cholera. So ujifoyn-^^is thai
one can foresee an attack^y inspooting thai
orgau. However desirayp definite ideas ol
its nature or essential elcmeuts of its cause
may be, its prevention is still more desirable
It is often communicated to the healthy
through the drinking water. Their water
should be frequently reuewed during the day,
and troughs dusted over with pulverized
copperas, or riuscel with diluted carbolic
acid.
Gccso that arc confined to a yard and
compelled to drink at a common trough take
:he disease; otherwise they have not been
known to have it.
All poultry that manifest any symptoms
>f cholera should be separated from the
ithcrs, and fed with cooked food moistened
with diluted cirbolic acid, and a few drops
>f muriatio?iincturc of iroc^iu Uiein water.
\ large per cent, are soon too much prostraed
to be able to eat; they can even be saved
hen if cooked food be pushed down their
hroats three or four times a day, it being
noistencd with diluted carbolic acid. The
nain measure for protection against this
course is to buru all that die or it. If the
lead are buried the larva; of the common
>luc fly will still bo propagated in great
lumbers, and when near maturity will leave
be carcases, come near the surface, be
cratchcd out aud eaten, nnd thereby poisou
ithcrs. As all will not take the trouble to
urn dead poultry, it is well to keep a watchul
yard dog?so watchful that any cur that
night have been eating a cholera-killed fowl
hould not loiter around on^'s premises. It
s evident that this is ouci>f the ways by
jtot lllH. ?
The Death ok AdmIral Kemmes.?
dobile, Ala., August 30*-Aduiwal Senimes
lied at ten minutes plst scfeu o'clock
his morning, at Poiut (J liar.
lie was born in Marjmuid, aud entered
he United States Navy mi 1826. He was
apidly promoted, aud irrl855 attained the
ank of commander. \^iqii the war beween
the States commented Adbiiral Scuines,
who was well grounded in polities, and
i States Rights and anticonsolidation man,
larucstly cast his lot with that of his friends
aid compatriots of the South, and the galant
services he rendered to the-Confoderutc
:ause, soon won for him the admiration of
lis countrymen, as well as the plaudits of
lis enemies. As early in the war as the
uuimer of 18G1 he took command of the
3ou(tv!lLl utA/ olouuiur yltich
mch havoc with the mctctiaut marine of
tie United States. It w;fl| as the cotmnauler
of the "290," or, #s^she was better
mown, the Alabama, built in Engand
for the Confederate ^jfics, that lie wou
lis highest fame, Hold, fWrless and zonl)us,
his vessel became, for a time, absolute
nonarch of the seas, inflicting immense
lamages upou the mercantile marine of the
uiemics of his country.
Ou the 19th ol June, 18G1, the Alabama
ivas sunk near Cherbourg, Franco, after a
lesperate battle with the Federal war steadier
Kearsagc, commanded by Admiral
VVinslow, a native of Carolina. Nine of
ho crew of the Alabama were killed and
wenty-one wounded. Admiral Seuimcs,
ifter the destruction of his vessel, was rescued
by the English yacht fiLerhouud.
Since the war he has resided in Alabama,
imong his kiudred audloved and
respected by all iiltfn who knew him, leaving
i volume of admirable interest concerning
liis adventures and service in tliat Confedjrate
cause. * jc
Lively Times jM Chicago.?J'lio Chijngo
Tribune says : In this city the avalniche
of grain from the country has put a
new face on everything. Railroads are now
full of business, and thousands of idle men
ic.t to work All lli/* loL-/? ??-.? ?!/>
inand for tho graiu trade, and extra men,
it increased wages, arc set to work "loading
uid navigating them. Orders good*
from the country arc coming in, 4pd this i:
beginning to work i\p trade umong the
merchants, and of course that SQtsidlo men
it work, boxing, packing, oajrtiug, and
handling. Altogether, ^lnttcrjfurc rapidly
brightening, and the auspices ore favcruble
An ambitious Philadelphia couple were
on Sunday last married whilst on thoir waj
to Atlantic City, on the morning cxcursior
train. The ceicmony was witnessed by :
car full of friends, the wedding cake wai
cut and other festivities were indulged in.
LITE ON AN OCEAN STEAMER.
t- Steamer Britanio,
I White Star Line, Mid-Ocean,m
y June 22d, 1877. J
' Iu this letter, I propose to give some of
>? the characteristic* of au occau-steauicr, and
a particularly of this vessel, and the l,Oerc
manic" of the same line, as they arc conII
structed and furnished exactly nliko.
e An occau steamer differs very widely from
- a lake or river steamer. The load o'r car
go of a lake stealer is placed ail on the
t main deck, and, of course, above the water
3 line. In an ocean steamer the cargo is put
s in the hold far below the water lino, also our
f baggage, except what we require iu our
state rooms. A lake steamer draws only
from 5 to 8 or 10 feet of water. This stcu
mer draws 25 feet of water. A lakcsteauil
.am il, ,
i is driven by a screw, situated iton'riy 25 foot
t below the surface of the water, iu frout of
' the rucldor, but in rear of the vessel. This
T screw has four steel flanges, and is only 215
! feet G inches iu diameter. Vet its propcll
itig power, being so deep under water, is
r tremendous.
The hull of a lake steamer is constructed
i of wood, and has guards extending out four
I or five feet bevond the hull. An ocean
1 steamer is constructed of iron?great long
iron plates forming the hold, and these fastened
by bolts to an iron framework. There
is hardly a particle of wood below the water
line. There are no side guards. A lake
steamer is wide in proportion to its length.
This steamer, the llritanic, is 470 feet long
and only 45 feet wide.
The following are the principal statistics
respecting this vessel. Length 470 feet;
width 45 feet; tonnage 5004 tons ; engines
700 horse power; indicated power, 5000;
eight boilers, with 32 furnaces under them;
consumption of coal per day 05 tons; number
of Jr>flicers and men, including sailors,
firemen, cooks and table waiters, 152; average
speed of ship, 15 knots to the hour, (a
knot is one-sixth of a tnilo longer tha an
English mile ;) diameter of screw 23 feet,
six inches ; diameter of shaft 22 inches.
The dining saloon is about fifty feet long
and extends from side to side of the ship,
having five rowsot tables, with fixed revolving
chairs. scatiner 182 norsons.
CI I
On leaving port the tanks are filled with
28,000 gallons of fresh water, which, by
means of pipes, is carried to every part of
the ship. If this supply should fall short,
ouc gallon per minute can be produced by
i'r/nii f It a prr-* .IwUUm
""Tticto arc twu^icrti (u JrUu ific ,
ship, and nineteen other engines to do the
other work of the ship. By two small engines
the cargo and even our baggage is lifted
into and out of the ship. An enclosed
wheel on the upper deck, worked by a small
engine, drives 15,000 cubic feet of fresh air
every uninute through pipes into every stateroom,
and to all parts of the ship. The ship
is steered by steam! Iu the wheel-house ou
the upper deck a man stands behind a small
wheel, not three feet in diameter. (A child
could control this wheel in the roughest
weather.) By means of rods which extend
from this wheel to an engine placed on the
main deck near the stern, the man turns the
wheel one way and it opens a valve in one
of the cylinders of the engine, or by turning
the other way, the valve in the other cylin
?o open ^ im tViio ttwj rie? ? ?p?wor in ur.'
plied directly to machiuery which controls
the rudder. If the man in front lets go of
the wheel, the engine is locked aud holds the
rudder in the exact position in which it was
left. This steering arrangement is comparatively
new, and is, as yet, applied to but lew
vessels. Jf by any accident this engine and
apparatus should get out of order, there is
placed directly in front of it the great double
wheel for lour to six men to handle, aud
which can be put in gear iu five seconds.
There is arranged throughout the ship a
scries of eleetric wires, so that if we arc in
our stateroom or smokiuir room, and wish < >
call a steward or waiter, we have only to
touch a button. A bell rings in the steward's
department, and the "Indicator" tells
where the servant is wanted.
This and some other of the vessels of the
.White Star , Lino possess improvements
which are not found in Man^of the diuer
steam vefcsClS. The dining sutaiuu anil nMi?wrooms
are as near midship as possible, and
arc on the main deck, and far above the
water line, liy this arrangement but little
motion is felt, and the port holes can be left
open unless the weather is very rough.?
Although tho waves are now rolling from 5
to 10 feet high, our vessel moves along without
any pitching, and 1 aui writing as agreeably
as if iu my own parlor. In all modern
built steamships, there arc below the water
line air-tight compartments, so that if an
! accident should happen and a hole he stove
in, a single compartment would fill with water,
but do no other damage ; only adding a
| little to our cargo As to safety, I would
I rather go from New York to Liverpool in
r this vessel than to go from New York to
, Chioago in the cars. A gentleman next to
m ntobMiPtlTM lilts was his thirtyfourth
trip across the Athntic, and this, he
! said was the finest vessel he had ever sailed
r in. We asked him if he had ever met with
i an accident. "No," said he, and then adi
ded, "I was once on a Cunarder, about ten
s years ago, when a portiou of the captain's
room on the upper deck was carried away
and I l'ound about three feet of water iu my
stateroom. Two sailors wero washed overboard.
but this was hardly an accident!" To
show how little the wind and Weather affects
our progress, we sailed .tho first day from
noon to noon, 3G1 miles; 2d day 304 miles;
3d day 301 utiles; 4th day 3G(> miles; 5th
day 317 miles. The chief cuginecr (there 9 ^
arc seven assistants) told uic we could with
perfect safety mako one mile nn hour more,
but the couipauy would not allow it. Tbcy
confine him to i)5 tons of coal per day.? v
They would allow no racing. The average
time of crossing the Atlantic in theso vessels
is about 8 days, or two days less than tho
average time ntado by bouio of the other
lines.
I have a good word for tcmporcnec people.
Our captain, Thompson, presides at tho head
' ner
iudulge in wine, ehninpngne, etc. Cnpt.
'1 hompsou never takes a drop of wine ; only
a glass of milk,?and this he takes at breaklast,
lunch and dinner, not even taking tea
or coffco. And he is a perfect picture of
i i.t i ?
.inn iiuu sirengiii.
We have some noted characters on boad.
Gen. Daniel E. Sickles, llev. Dr. Huberts,
of Elizabeth, N.J. Kcv. Dr. Crosbj' of New
York, and the brothers Williaui and John
Jacob Astor, and their families, who own
about one-third the real estate of New York.
The two brothers, in dress and general appearance,
look like a couple of respcctablo
farmers, though rather more tanned than
farmers in general. One would never tako
them for millionaires. They arc becoming
quite sociable and conunuuicativc.
Wo have on board, for freight, six thousand
tous of American cheese, six hundred
tons of American beef, and Jive hundred
thousand dollars in specie ! The beef is placed
ill iuimonso rntriiroMlnM ?._
.w.. uo man mo
milk wc use and our principal provisions.
The milk is put in air-tight cans and
placed in the refrigerator, and is about as
sweet to-day as when we left New York.
Last evening wo had a grand entertainment
on board, consisting of singing, piano
solos, recitations and prestidigitation. I
have attended many less interesting entertainments
in New York. Iter. Dr. Crosby
presided. At the close, a collection was
taken up for the benefit of the Liverpool
Sailors' Orphan Asylum; and a hundred
dollars in gold was realized. <i. Q. c.
A Fat Mail J on.?W*?Mngton, Au- .
!Stfe ?entcreu
tutu u contract, and obtained lrorn * v
Congress an aunual subsidy of five hundred
thousand dollars lor ten years, for carrying
monthly the United States mails to Japan
and China; that the contract terminated
about the first month of last year. The government,
after paving five million dollars in
subsidies to this company, found, by its tablo
of receipts, that only ?100,000 had been received
iu return for postage on mail matter
received and sent by the steamers.
The direct loss to the government was
therefore ?4,850,000, and if the loss of tho
interest on the payments be added, the
amount will exceed the ?5,000,000 paid as
a subsidy. At present, the mail is carried
by steamer at regular oceau rates. It is probable
that Congress will bo asked to pass a
law, providing that the owners or managers
or steamers coming to or departing from our
ports, shall receive and transport such mails
as our consuls at the foreigu poftsof departure
may wish to send home, and such other
mails as the postmaster at the port of depar
ture iu the United States, may wish to send
to the country to which the steamer is hound,
receiving as compensation for the service,
the sea postage rates fixed by Congress.?
Five thousand to ten theusaud dollars fine
to be the penalty of refusal.
Three Infants Killed at a Camp
Meeting.?The Kock Hill Herald of the
2'Jth, vouches for the truth of the following
statement: On Sunday last three infant
negro children were killed at the negro cauipmeeting
at Steele Hill, in upper Lancaster,
by being stamped and rolled upou by shouting
women. Strange to say, too, tb?*c craglu
proem;'''"a' took tho arhaap >
where the main crowd was gathered^ but off
a littlo-wuy in t?nt> foatl^ ^ceurrcd
in the same tent either. These circumstances
throw around this extraordinary
occurrence a horrible suspicion of murder
under the guise of religion. As far as wo
have particulars it appears that a number
of women were carried from the arbor to
tents, in a very oxcitcd state. ind that after
being placed in the tents where the childreu
were, these tragic scenes were enacted.?
Our latest information is that two of the
children were killed almost instantly, while
the third one is alive, but with its buck broken
and many other bodily injuries ; it is
expected to die. This place, Steele Hill,
was the scene of some ugly rioting during a
eainp-uieeting there one year ago, and wo
think it is now tiuio tor some lcgul proceedings
to be instituted against somebody.
This is the season when newly-married
couples make their appearance at the watering-place
hotels, languish on four dollarsa-day
diet lor one week precisely, and then
go home to the realities of corn beef and
cabbage for the balance of their natural
lives.
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