Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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-P T 44 VOL. XIX. PICkENS, S. .,THURSDAY JANUAY 30,189. T HE COMING CAMPAIGN A CONTEAT PROPOSED WITHIN THI DEHOOR&TIO PARTY. An Address to the Denocrats of Soutl Carolina, lesued by Order of the Execu tive Commiuttee of'the Farners' AsOdcla tion of Sputih Carolina, To the Democracy of South Carolina: For four years the Democratic party In the State has been deeply agitated, and efforts have been made at the prima ries and conventions to secure retrench ment and reform, and a recognition of the needs and rights of the masses. The first farmers' convention met in April, i8. Another in j.ovember of the same ear perfected a permanent organization ander the name of the "Farmers' Asso lation of South Carolina." This asso lation, representing the reform elemet a the party, has held two annual sessions ince, and at each of these four conven one, largely attended by representa. ve farmers from nearly all the Coun s, the demands of the people for )ater economy in the government, -ater efficiency in its officials and a t ler recognition of the necessity or Y iaper and more practical education, h o been pressed upon the attention of Pr legislators. In each 'of the two last Democratic tate Conventions the "farmhers' move ont"' hat had a large following, and we niy failed of controlling the convention '888 by a small vote-less than enry-fle-and that, too, in the face of active opp.sitinu of nearly every ned politician in this State. We claim we have always had a majority of people on our side, and have only y reason of the superior political ofJour oppononts and our lack of ozation. In proof of this we point , eville and Chester, the only Coun -cept Charleston which had not al appointed delegates to the State )ntion before the campaign meet two years ago at which Governor rdson spoke. Both of thobe Coun after hearing the Governor defend licy and thatlof his faction repudiat tn and it, and he received only two from them. he executive committee of the Farm Association did not de,m it worth tile to hold any convention ).sL No ber, but we have watched closely ry move of the enernies of eonomy enetuies of. agricultural education, enemies of true Jeffersonian Democ --and we think the time has come show the people what it is they need ni how to- accomplish their desires. e will draw up the indictment against ose who have been and are still gov ring our State, because It is at once the :e and justification of the course we end to pursue. o REAL REPUBLICAN GOVERNMENT. South Carolina has never had a real ublican government. Since the (f the 'hors proprietors' it has been 1644ar-Acy under the forms of de cy, and whenever a champion of ople has attempted. to show them ir rights, and advocated those rights. aristocratic oligarchy has bought him I an office, or failing in that, turned so the flood gates of misrepresentation d slander in order to destroy his in nee. oe peculiar situation now existing in State, requiring the united efforts of ry true white man to preserve white remacy and our very civilization even, intensifled and tended to make per ent the conditions which existed the war. Fear of~ -i division us and consequent return of negro as kept the people quiet and they submitted to many grievances im d by the, ruling faction because they S-4to risk such a division. e'& armore' movement" has been .red and retarded in its work by ,ndition of the public mind, but e shown our fealty to race by tting to the edict. of the party, we intenid as heretofore to make our ht ineide the party lines, feeling as red that truth and justice must finally \evail. The resfilts of the agitation us far are altogether encouraging. In h by Inch and step by step true mocracy-the rule of the people-has m its way. We have catried all the tposts. Only two strongholds remain be taken, ad with the issues fnirly do up and put plainly to the people -I e no fear of the result. The us fJIcpreentatives has been ear d tw ce and at laut held after a des ate struggle. The advocates of reform and economy e no longer sneered at as "Three-for-a uarter statesmen." They pass measures f economy which four year?fago would ave excited only derision, and with the rmers' movement to strengthen their ckbone have withstood the cajolery, ireats and Impotent rage of the "ring ossem." The Senate Is now the main eliaince of the enemies of retrenchment nd reform, who oppose giving the peo le their rights. The Senate Is the ronghold of "existing Institutions," od the main dependence of those who e antagonistic to all progress. As we ptured the House we can capture the enate; but we must control the Dem ratic State Convention before we c -n ope to make economy popular in Co mbia, or be assured of no more pocket toes. The General Assembly is large intluenced by th'i ideas and policy of io State officers, and we must elecet 'iose before we can say the farmers' o'vement has accomplished its missa,~ is,true that we have wrenched from e aristocratic coterie who were edu ted at dad sought to monopolize every. ng~ for '.he South Cairolina College, o right to control the laud scrip and mia Hl'tch fu,gd anii a part of the privi e tar ofi fetilizers for one year, and have' (14,6, with which, to comn etice building a separate agricultural -ligge.wberet a sas of poor farmers 9:da pfAO.i 1.. 1 eductoo at small xpenyr. But we. dare . not relax our ort or- rely upo~ tbei loud professions ounr oppoaenits.as to their willingness w to build and equipthis agricultural the Sauth Carilina College, gtve voic to the sentiments and wishes which ar prevalent at the University and Militar Academy when he "hoped to see the in fernal Clemson College sink out of sigh next year." They all want to snk th "infernal" agricultural college out' o sight, and If Its friends do not rally onc more to its support it will either be de stroyed or starved, so that it cannot d< the great work it is expected to accom plish. All the cry about "existin in stitutions" which must remain inviolatt shows that the ring-tho South Cacollnu University, Citadel, Agricultural Bureau, Columbia Club, Greenfield building ring intend in the future, as in the past, to get all they can and keep all they get. These pets of the aristocracy and its nurseries are only hoping that the people will again sink Into their accus tomed apathy. The University was given an increased appropriation; and there is no thought of transferring it to Fort Hill, although the land scrip fun'l which is sent there was expressly donat ed for the purpose of mechanical as well as agricultural e ducation, and so with the experimental- statione. The Hatch fund is given to the Clemson College, but the stations are left at Columbia and Spartanburg, under the control of the South Carolina College. Is it not plain that these people intend to yieid obedience to the law only when they are made to do Itt The Farmers' Associa tion demands that the lald scrip and Hatch funds:and the fertilizer tax shall first be consolidated and used for the build and maintenance of a class industrial school, with Experiment Stations attached, for farmers and mechanics. We hold that the experimental work, the educational work and the inspection and analysis of fertilizers can all be more efficiently and economically carried on under one bgard, mostly at one place, and much of it by the same corps of men who teach. We have never and do not now want any increase of taxes to ac complish these 6nds. But our opponents having seized the opportunity afforded by our agitation to double the income of the South Carolina College and call it a university, and in addition obtait,ed the Hatch fund of $15,000, donated for Ex periment Stations, cry out: "Take our Clemson College i We will give you $98,000 or $198,000 if you want it raised by taxation, but don't touch existing in stitutions." They have built with our bricks, but say we must not take them, but that we can build if we make others. Was there ever such impudence? THE DOINOs OF THE ItINO. They seized first the land scrip fund. Then they misappropriated the Hatch fund. They increased the taxes $65,000 a year to equip and maintain the dif ferent departments of the grand univer siLy. They voted $60,000 in one lump without even a division to rebuild, re pair and equip the Citadel Academy, and then saty to taxpaying farmers: Leave our existing institutions alone. Let the agricultural bureau with its board-who are our chosen sons, every man of them belonging to or aspiring to belong to our aristocratic ring -let this bureau waste $30,000 a year more-leave our Experi ment Stations at Darlington, Columbia and- Spartanburg alone. We expect to control votes with them and they must not be touched. Put your hands in your pockets and pay for your Clemson College if you will have it, and we will vote the taxes. An analysis of the vote in the House and Senate which defeatcd the consolidation of all our agricultural work shows that the- board and Department of Agriculture are sustained by the fertilizer manufac turers, the phosphate miners and the University and Citadel. If a farmer voted for its continuance it is becauise he felt that the South Carolina University would lose something by its asolition. The support of the fertilizer companies is easy to undeetand. This bureau has been their best friend. Year after year we have been told by Commissioner Butler that the gtaanos inspected were. below the guarantees, but nobody has been punished. In fact there is no ade quate punishment for selli,pg fraudulent guanos in this State., The bill prepared by the committee of the Farmers' Asso ciation for the reorganization of the Board of Agriculture would have secured our farmers against swindling fertilizar dealers, but it was amended to death by the lawyers in the Senate, who are attor neys for the phosphate miners and fer tilizer companies; and the men who were elected on the board over the nominees of the farmers' convention were chosen not because they are more loyal to the agricultural interests, or better fitted for the position, but because they are friends of the University and belong or are sub servient to our aristocracy--"so called" -and the phosphate miners arc too well satisfied with the system of collecting the State royalty to permit a change if they can help it. How wonderfully per fect orjdefective is this system Is shown by the fact that during the ten years under the same officials not a single in? dictment has bee.1 Drought against any one for attempting to swindle the State out of its dues. No wonder Chaarleston Is in love with the Agricultural Bureau and cannot hear to see that "existing institution" disturbed. 'rho recent proposal to sell the State's interest in the phosphate beds Is fortu nate, because thereby the attention of taxpayers Is attracted to this mod, im-| -portant matter. The Farmers' Ass.>cia tion proposed In 1880 to increase the royalty as a means of lowering taxes, and we believe this can be safely done to the extent of $100,000. A legislative committee was appointe3d to "investigate" and report on the sub ject. This was only done to give time waiting ten months until the market had been manipulated, etc. This committee paoceeded to show how well It had been chosen "not to do it." There was no honest effort made to get at the real facts as to the profits of the business and Its ability to stand an increase of roy alty ;and after it had been "wined and dined," and brought into a suitable frame of moind that committee came to Columbia and actually proposed to give the six largest companies a monopoly for a less annual rental than the State was then receiving. Only one Senator, to whom all honor is due, dissented from this outrageous proposal, What was the result? Of course the General Assembly did not act favorably upon It, but all thought of .m increuen of royalty was a.s e abaad neJ, %-id this vas whatthe corpa e ration attorneys, who were there in the V Intetest of their clients and not of their - Constituents, had been working for. t "The goose that lays the golden egg" 3 was not killed-"existlog institutions" f were not disturbed. Phosphate 4rock, which had been manipulated down to $8 40 per ton, advanced In two months > after the Legislature adjourned to $6.00 and has since ruled between $5.50 and $7 50 per ton. The golden eggs are still being laid, but not in the State's nest whether some of them have not gone into pockets which they ought not, is an open question. Now, we want to warn the people that the charter ol the Cno saw company--obtained by bribery, it is said, of a Radical Legislature-expires in 1891. This company, which has grown fabulously rich, claims to have a -perpetual contract, with exclusive right to mine in Coosaw River, and pay only one dollar per ton for the privi lege. The next L-gislature must act on this question, and the next Attorney General may have to test these claims in court. The whole question of phos phate management or mismanagement must be settled. Can the taxpayers afford to allow any but true meu to go to the Senate, or elect a corporation lawyer as Attoruey Genurall Bhall the politi cians choose him, or shall we, casting about iamg the amony honorable, patri otic law5ers of the State, make the selec tion ourselves? RAILROAD LEOISLATION. The Legislature which has just ad journed has other sine to answer for, or rather the Senate must be held respon Pihlo The people demanded that the -Railroad Commissioners should have something to do besides draw their sala ries and spend them. We want protec tion against the greed of the gigantic corporations owned at the North, which regard South Carolina as a lemon to be squeezed, and care nothing for the wel fare of our towns, our State or our peo ple. The railroad laws of 18-made the commission a power to defend the people against imposition. The same legislature which enacted it having been bamboozleed or debauched, at the very next session left it only as a sinecure with fat salaries and no power. We have just seen the disgraceful farce re peated. The law was vastly improved tt the session of 1888, but after a year, which has shown the weakness and un fitness of the present incumbents, for they have done very little, the Senate peremptorily refused to make -any c'janges. The Railroad Commissioners now in office have been "tamed" so to speak, by the railroads, and men who have not been so long under their wing might Lave done so,nething in the inter est of the people, but that same Senate, which has again and again thwarted the people, which refuses to reduce salaries, which_fought the Clemson College and yielded '* Ta'stto-ne it n which is the-stronghold of aristocracy with I a old, extravagant, non-progressive, im pinacticable ideas, which in a word is dominated by Charleston's rich politi cians-that Senate resolved to mantain this "existing institution," too, statu quo. Of all the taxes we pay, the pensions to Confederate veterans are submitted to most willingly, and we regret that we cannot increase the pittance they re ceive. But the continuance of men in office as political pensioners, after their ability or willingness to serve the people is gone-when the interests, and even rights of the people are thereby sacri ficed-this pandering to sentiment-this favoritism-is a errime, nothing more and nothing less. Rotation in office is a cardinal Democratic principle, and the neglect to practice it is the cause of many Ills we suffer. We cannot elaborate the other counts in this indictment. We can only point briefly to the mismanagement of the penitentiary, which is a burden on the taxpayers, even while engaged in no public works which might benefit the State. To the wrong committed against the people of many Counties (strong holds of Democracy) by the failure to reapportion representation according to population, whereby Cbarleton has five votes in the House and ten votes in the State Convention, which chooses our State officers, to which it is not entitled. To the zeal and extravagance of this aristocratic oligarchy, whose sins we are pointing out, in promising higher edu cation for every class excep)t farmers, while it neglects the free schoola, which are the only chance for an education to thousands of poor children whose fa thers bore the brunt in tbe struggle for our redemption'In 1870. To the con tinued recurrence of horrible lynchuings -which we can but attribute to bad laws and their inefficient administration. To the impotence.of justice to punish crim inals who have money. To the failure to call a constitutional convention that we may have an organic law framed by South Carolinians and suited to our wants, thereby lessening the burden of taxation and giving us better govern ment. DEMAND FOR A CHANGE. Fellow Democrats, do not aill these things cry out for a change? Is it not opportune, when there is no national election, for the common people who re deemed the State from Radical rule to take charge of it I Can we afford to leave it longer in the hands of these who, wedded to ante-helium patriotism andA honor, are running it in the interest of a few families and for the benefit of a sel fish ring of politicians. As real Demo crats and white men, those who here re aew our pledge to make, the fight inside the Democratic party and abide the re sult, we call upon every true Carolinian, of all classes and callings, to help usi purify and relorm the Democratic party, and give us a government of th'e people, by the people, and for the people. If we control the State Democratic Cjonven tion, a Legislature In sympathy will naturally follow ; falling to do this we risk losing all we have gained, and have no hope of any change for the better. The logic of events and past experience show that we must nominate candidates and put them in the field early, so that the masses wil.l understand what they must do to bring about the change we aso de sire. Such course' will cause an active canvass, wide discussion of the issues presented, and the people t1ms 1learn.n. the tiuth c1u o.l.o whether they at in favor of th, farmerkil movement c not, by elect Ing or rejecting '.ourLnom Uee. We therefore issue this call for a coc vention of those Democrats who symps thize with our views and purposes, a herein setfortb. to meet in Columbia, I the House of Representatives, on Thura day, the 27th day of March proximo, a 12 o'clock w., to nominate a ticket fo every State office. from Governor down to be put Ia the field for ratifloation o rejection by the next Democratie Stat Convention, and we pledge ourselves t4 abide the result, whether that Is for u or against us. Each County will send as many dele gta.es s It sends to the 81fate Conven tioD, and we sumigest that a mit-s meet ling or convention be callcd in eact County to elect delegates on slesday it March. . By order of the executive emumitte< of the Farmers' Association of Soutl Carolina, G. W. Simc,, Pres't, and ex-officio Ch'm. Our small coitenen. Mr. Bryce, in hie 'American Coin. monwealth," says an excellent word for our hundreds of small colleges. Some of our own people are !nclined to sneer at these humble places of learning, and recommend that they be abolished, swallowed up by the greot universities, etc. Mr. Bryce says they get hold of a multi tude of poor men who copid never go to one of the great iniversities at a distance from their home. They thus fill the country with a learning, not of the highest, to be aure, but still higher than the public schools. They strike often times the spark in the breast of the country youth that kindleb in later times to such a love of scientific pureus and originril investigation that the youth be comes one of the famous men of his day. Our great men in all fields are nearly always those who were boru ani grown in the country, near to the heart of na ture. It is these @Lrong, ambitious youths that the country college reaches particularly. Ex P1resident Andrew D. White speaks in high commendation of the small colleges, calling them feeders of the universities. What though they are not so sumptuously endowed, and have not stately, high salaried profes sors? In the true love of learning, in the simple, unconscious dignity of genu ine manhood, in the kindly sympathy with his students and nearness to them the country college professor is often the superior of his brother in the uni niversity. The strong pinioned human sympathy that draws near to the weak, the erring, the poor, the unhappy, and bears them up and at length eends them into the world as men in their turn is better than the ability to write a whole Greek play and put in the accents cor rectly. We have in the United States c ea y moo Y small ones. thywave! An Nnglne's Remarkable Record. A Philadelphia inventor named James Reagan claims to have run an engine continuously for one week over the Philadelphia Division of the Reading Railroad without changing the fire in the furnace, and that noth ing of the kind was ever attemnted or accomplished before. The invention$ it is believed, will revolutionize the old time methods used in firing loco, motives if the railroad companies adopt it, and inventor Reagan's per formances are the talk of every engi neer on the road. By using a patent shaking grate the unheard-of record was made of running a locornotive drawing heavy freight trains for 136 hours,- inc'uding long stops on the road., which the engineers dread on account of the way their fires clog, it often requiring thirty-five or forty min utes to renew them in order to pro ceed. Mr. Reagan stuck to the engine throughout the week of experiment, scarcely sleeping. All the food ho got was what the engineers gave him and a few oysters secured during a short stop in Philadelphia. "The mageitude of the undertaking," says Mr. Reagan, "was such that every one doubted the ability to make one trip. The quality of the coal was oven below the ordina ry used by the road. The test was made as severe as possible, and the victory is more signal on that account. Besides the fast gain in time there is equally as much saved in fuel' After the first fire wvas lit I did not burn a piece of wood as big a match stick, and it usually takes one-quarter of a cord to start the furnace after the fire begins to clog and a cleaning out be comes neceaary." T ho Muccesg e f tihe Atlince. Attant,a Journal. The farmers are deriving great benefit from the Alliance. It has saved them in Georgia alone $200,000 in a single year on the purchase of fertili zers. It has lowered the cost of almost every article they use, food, clothing, farm implements wagons buggies, and even the few luxuries timat Geor g ia farmers have been able to enjoy. It has taught the farmers the use of the most powerful weapon in the struggles of peace or war-'co-opera tion. Divided, they were the easy pray of the monopolists and trusts; but united in a phalanx 4,000,000 strong, with one wing resting on the shores 'Sf'Maine, the other on the Pacific coast, the farmers have become a power. They are r,h,e people, and they uaust rule. The membership is steadily in - creasing, and its field of usefulness steadily broadening, Our reports from the South Carolima Alliance are par ticnlarly encouraging. The order is making rapid progress In that State, and has, as the Georgia Alliance, a settled policy of uplif'ting the people and protecting them from the designs of the monopolies and trusts: Tihe Alliance has a good work before It. It has accomplished much but It has much more to accormplish. Fortu nately for the people ,it has the cour etge and the ability to wage war suc cessfully and to fulfill Its mtssion, -The great Stewart will case, In New York, has been ended by a com promise and all the heirs are happy. WH1O BLED THEIR PATIENT8 TC CURE THEM. And the Modern Doctors Whoe Bleed Their Patients' Pockets nod Soieetlanes Kill Timen-trip's [Conalulacences. There is an awful mystery about these r doctors. They know so much that corn Ir on people don't know. When I was a child I ha l profound reverence for them. Oin family doctor was a three hundred-pounaer, and was gruff and abort in his speech, and n,t very fond of children. And yet he seemed to have a great many hid out somewhere, and was alwayagiving them away. When ever a new child came into the family or the neighborhood it was said that the doctor brought it. I used to wonder vvhere he kept them. I asked my moth er once, and she said, "in 1Icaven may be," and this increased my veneration. Our big, fat doctor had a shop-we didn't call it an office-and I used to pee) in at the door sometimes and look at his little bottles on the shelves. I was sent there once for some licorice root and some cinnamon bark. There was a mysterious box standing up -in the corner, a long narrow box about big enough to hold an old-fashioned clock a grandfather's clock-and the door was open a little and I saw an awful th'ng in there, a skeleton suspended from a screw in the skull. There were dark cavernous holes for the eyes, and a hole for the nose, and there were jaws with teeth in them and they looked tierce and malicious. I had a little primer at home, and it had pictures in it. One was a picture of a skeleton with a scythe in his hand and I had learned the lines: "Time cuts down all, Both great and small." and I thought I had discovered where this old raseAl was kept hid. lie was in that box. It was a long time before I recovered from those childish super stitions. Onc time I had a long spell of fever, and that old doctor bled ine till I fainted, and he wouldn't let me have any water, and when I got delirious I thought that he had that skeleton on his back, and I was to be cut down with a scythe blade. iIe bled me several times-five little scars are on my arm yet. Bleeding wa a big thing then. lark Harding says his arms are just tattooed with scars. I reckon they bled more in Mark's day than in mine, for the older a man is the more scars he has; and Mark says he has got forty. I can tell how olu a man is by his scars. Mark says that "bleeding was a good thing and ought not to have been abolished. That these modern doctors are always talking about blood poison, blood poi the blood is poisoned, why not take it ' Bleed a man un til he can hardly wag, d let new blood form that is not poisoned. blood But we lived-blood or water or no water-doctors or doc tors. The Baptists lived and the .Pr byteians lived, for they say that Bap tists don't tie until their time comes, and - predestination saves the Presby terians; but it isa wonder that any leth odists were ever raised in these phleboto my days. We never had any medicine except castor oil and calomel, and epsom salts and jalap, and number six and sheep saffron tea, and some jawbreaking tooth pullers that were made just like these crowbar books that you turn over a log with at a sawmill. There were some patent medicines, like paregoric and Bateman's drops, and Godfroy's cor dial and opedeldock that were kept in the store, and they were good, too. But the noble science has made p)rogress, and I like it because it offers such a slim chance for a fool. We've got a bny studying medicine, and are hopeful of him-of course we arc. IIis niothier thinks lie will be a gt eat surgeon, for lie is the seventh son, and when he was a lad our peacock got his leg broke, and I was about to kill him to p)ut the poor thing out of misery, but RIlphi be.ggod me to give the bird to him; and he made some splints out of a big eano and fixed him up) in a swing, and he got well; and another time he sewed up a bad cut on one of our mules; and Le just loved to pick out splinters or get a cinder out, of your eye, and so we consented to his being a doctor, and lhe is attending lec tures in Atlanta, and the other day I called to sue hinm at t:.e college. It was a kind of recess when I got~ there. I was introduced to Dr. Kendrick, and ho was mighty kInd arnd said they were just about to pea form on a clintik, and invited me in. I thought that it was some kind of electric machine, but when I got in the room there were 125 younmg doctors sitting all arouind on tiers of seats ihat got higher and higher so that all of them could look down on the little circulat pit at thle bot ton- a Ii ttle pit about ten fe et acr >ss anid looped like it was built to fight chickens in.I heard that the boys did tig'ht chickens there, on the siy, sometia.es. The clinik was a revolvitng table that had a cot on it, and was p)laced mn the middle of the pit. Dr. Kendrik w ~ent in first and I followed along with a sick white man and two sick dtarkies. All of a sudden the young doctors comnmencedI cheering and so I tooks a cheer ai.d sat down.I didn't kno x whether they were cheering the prmotebsor or tbe sick nien. I rose for wardl anid took another cheer and they cheered agurir. Tho professor then in trod uced mec to the audience and I came to a peorpenidietIlar attitude, and they cheered again and again and I took my cheer. After this lit? e episode wras over the professor asked one of the darkles what was the matter with him and he said he didn't have breath enough -lie was short of breath, lie couldn't walk ten steps and his heart went like a kittle drum. So the professor thutmp ed on him and put his ear to his left breast and began to ask the young doc tor's que tions shout dise ases of the heart, an.I they seemed to know right smart. One said the heart had two beats to the bar, and another said the heart hod two oracles and two ventrilo q uiste, and another said the reason the darkey was short of breath was because he diidn't have enough of it, and another said the valves were out of order, and another thought that the clavicles of the sternum were contracted but a knowing.. young man said there was not enoug] oxygen in hie blood. I ooticed tha when a young man hesitated and go things nixed, the professor was verj kind and helped him along just liki Dr. Waddell used to help us boys along In Latin when we were in college. "Quidam is a ironoun, is it not Air. Jones?" "Yes, sir." "Well, quidem i what? an adverb, is it not?" "Yes, Si yes, sir. Quidam is an pronoun and quidem is tin adverb." "C-:rrect, Mr. .lonev." And Mr. Jones thought he had done wonders until his report came oul and he was put down 40 in Latin. "Well what is the remedy for that," said the professor. If his blood lacks oxygen how can oxygen be supplied?" "Give him a tonic, sir," said a young man with a bad cold, an iron donios." Then the book-keeper wrote a prescription. Good gracious, thought I, has that darkey got to eat a whole donic. A (ionic is a lunip of iron as big as a wa ter pail. But maybe he is not to eat it-, but is to handle it. Maybe he Is to dig in the mines. It (oe4 make a man strong to dig up donies in the mines. It is like swinging a pair of duubbells to get strong. But our boy told me afterwards that it was not a doitic but a tonic. I wish that I knew as much about the human frame as Dr. Kt i drick knows, He put. a little glass quill in the other darkey's mouth, and when he took it out and looked at it, be told the young doctor. all about his disease and how it came and what must be done for him; and then he began on the white man and asked him what was the matter, and the man pulled up tI he leg ot his pante and showed an awful case of big Leg, and the Dr. said omething about an elephant,, and told him that he had come the wrong lay. and belonged to Dr. Westmorelanid's clinik. Poor lel low, thought I, you are gone up1). Dr. Vesimorbland will cut that leg off in ten minutes and smile. Ne:xt I was invited into the dissecting room. Yes, I was invited, and the big fat., black janitor who steals all the stilM opened the door, but, I didn't go in. I saw enough, and one whiff of the odoriferous atimosphero satisfied me, and I departed those coasts. The young doctors laughed at mnc tum1ul tuously. There were ten tables in there, and a cadaver on every table, and some of them were split in two, and some dismembered, and there were arms and legs hanging about on the walls and from some all the nerves had been taken out like a bun dIle of st-iing, and from some all the muscles had been taken ouz.. And there were backbones, and haslets, and spare ribs, just like you see at a hog killing time. And all this is to teach the doctors anatomy, and it is all right, and if a man has any genius at all It does IGok like lie ought to know how to treat a disease, and what to do for every wound that humanity is liable to. Those 125 doctors seem to be in earnest, and some of them will make their mark. Our boy came home the other day and had a darkey's ear wrapped up in his pocket, and wanted to tel his mother all about its anato my. For a minute she didn't under stan t it was, and asked him in amazementi had got to chewing amazementi iss_, tobacco. He said, y no; ' not tobacco, this is a darkey's ear. rose forward and then backward and was more indignant than when I had that mole In the sugar dish. Ralph had to leave the room and hide out the oar, and she wouldn't let him eat dinner until he had washed his hands with lye soap and cologne two or three times. But still she is proud of that boy, and tells how he used to speak a speech, and say: "Frienide, Romans, countrymen; lend mae your ears." "Lit tle did I think," said she, "that he would some day go about, cuttinag them oflf fron dead negroes." A Newv Era in A gricultIa,r. T1here arc hints that a revolut/on is about, to come in agriculture through the discovery that t,he free nitrogen of the at mosphere is absorbed and ''fixed'' by the soil itself uinder suitable cond'i tions. Plants need phosphoric adid, p)otasht and nitrogen. T1hme first two are ini reach, bait the third has been sup)po.Acd t.o be elusive. It has bee'n the general teaching that the nit,rogen of the atmaosphmere plays no part in vt(getaitiont. Now M. Berthelot and others aflirm that it does. They have deonUtstratedI, they say, that the free nitrogen of the atmiosphere is '"fixed" and made available as a fertilizer "by the ceo-operat,ion of mineral matt er and of living organisms in thme soil.'' Thme fact, exptkins, it, is salid, why it, is "(I) that spade husbandry is much more p)roduict.ive than p):owing; (2) t hat land can be enriched by simpjly, plowing iuder its OWn) priodt, andu (3) that sunme followintg, w ithl fr'equena t ir ring, actually enriches the soil.'' P'u.I verization of thme soil increases, it. seems, its capacit-y to~ abisorb) nitrogen. T1he method of ceintrifuagal tillago now being developed ini them West suppllies, it, is claimed, an ideal modums operandi for thme newv fert.ilization. It, pulverizes the soil andit aetelt it ini the manipu lat ion, and then confines a mass of air in its midst for the slower process of absorption and digestion b)y earth anid planmts --Baltimore Sunm, "Forathergill oin Indligestion," in spcaking of the oyster being cuten hab ituailly and by reference in thec 7a:i or uncor bed state says: "'It is interesting to kdowv that there i.s a sound physi ological reason at the bottom of this preference. 'I lie fawn-colored mass which constitutes the dainty of the oys ter is its liver, and this is little less than a mass of glycogen associated1 with thme glycogen, but whhheld from actual contact with it during life, is its ag, propriate digestive ferment-the hepa tic diastace. The mere cruhiang be tween the teeth brings these two bodies together, and the glycigen is at once digested, without other help, by its own diastaco. The oyster in the uncooked state, are merely warmed, is, in fact, self-digestive. But the advantage of this provision is wholly lost by cooking, for the heat employed immediately de stroys the associated ferment, and a cooked oyster has to be digested like any other food, by the eater's own di gestive powers.- -Iall's Journal of Health. BLOWN INTO ETERHNIt THE TERRIBLE FATE OF FIVB RAILROAD LABORER9. A Claarette u.releoily linneled Explode. it ebarge, Klits Five Men and Woonda a Dozen Others-Torrlile Efecse of the Ex plomsoon. CHARLOTTic, N. O., Jan., 28.-News is received hero today pf a fGtsl ex 1)losion in Wilkes county, yesterday, in which, live men were killed and a dozen wounded. A squad Of railroad hands were working on an extension of the Cape Fear & Yadkin Valley railroad, in the lower portion of that - county. They were preparing to mako a heavy blast., which was expected to tear up a big rock in a twenty foot cut. A tremendous hole had been driven in the rook, and two kegs of dynamite had been packed into it. George !Ienlly a laborer, was pre paring to adjust. the fuse, at the same time smoking a cigarette from which a spark accidentally dropped in and fired off the powder. It was all done in an instant and no one had time to escape. The explosion roared like a dozen cannons and not only burst up the big rock but also tore. up fifteen feet of the deep cut. Five utfortunate workmen were seitt whirling into the air, riding on large pieces of the broken rock. Among the flying earth, a dozen others were knocked about and partially buried unader the falling dirt. Vheii tho smoke at'the blast cleared away it wn found that live had been killed, Ps follows: George Hendly, Samnuel Culls, Thomas Emery, Joseph Falls and Eugene Moore. Twelve others were more or less wounded but only three very seriously. THEY MADE IT WARM FOR HIM. Tho Tough Experience ot n Clol0unutl C'r (-eoruila iude. Atlanta Journal. The Journal has already published 'he fact, that Western men are laying clim to large tracts of land in Cam den County, and had gone there to lo cate their property. Mr. Peck, one of the claimants, has returned from his jaunt. He was seen by a Brunswick Times reporter last night, and tho old gentleman was looking exceedingly wan and pale; When questioned abon.t his trip to Camden, Mr. Peck said: "Oh, never let me- hear the name of Camden again. I feel as if I had es caped a most horrible death and if- I live to board the train tonight and ride safely out of Southern Georgia I shah feel exceedingly thankful and greatly relieved." "Why, did you have a tough experi ence in Camden?" questioned the re porter. "Tough doumn't express it. Wfby man, if I had even intimated that I had come to claim my land those peo ple would have cut me up and fed me to the hogs. Yon don't know how - bitter they feel against anybody who visits the county with even the shad ow of a claim. They have been trou bled so much they suspect strangers tirst time they lay eyes on them." thi, at did they do to you when you or." went 0 it was like this: Mr. Brown "Wel ached Camden about noon and I i ay. In the meantime I show last Mon vn my claims to about e(d Mr. Bro the County, and I told 58,900 acres in 'ma to pint out these him I expected ha ' t em. We took' lands and resurvey .- ~1 sub,tantial dinner with a good okf'.,.3 farmer, and induced him to go. aloing with us. Pretty soon he discovered what we were up to and the old fel low got too wvrathy to see. He imme dliately left us and carr'ied the news to several neighbhors, and in less time than an hour Mr. Brown and I were surrounded by,at least a half dozen citizens, and one of .them" wanted to knowv who I was and what I had come for. "I gave him my name andl told him I had merely come to find some land, which I owned in tihe county, anml that I intended to sell my claim as soon as a survey could lhe made. No sooner did I finish making this expla nation than the spokesman for the crowd( cried out: 'Th at's a brother to 01(d Primnrose, who came here about forty years ago to cheat us out of house and home.' I insisted that they were mistaken and that I intended them no harm. At that juncture the crowd drew oil to one side and held a whis pered consultation. Pretty soon they camne back and told me it wasn't healthy for me in Camden and advised me to take the nearest route out of the County limits. "And you took their advice?" "WVell, I thought they meant .ever.y word( of it, andI I made haste to take the first boat for Brunswick. I tell you, it won't (10 to fool with these Camdien County p)eop)le. I wouldn't go l-ack there for half the County." "What became of Mr. Brown, the surveyor?" "lHe was in jeopardy whent I last saw him. They thought he was in league with mec to diefraud them, and I --- wouldn't be at all suirpris~ed if he pays the penalty with his neck.')~ Oni.uum.ovrn, Jan. 26.-Monday even ing, .John Hlowie was killed in a~ rathle peculiar mannmer in Ce i ius countiy, near Harrisburg Oscar Galloway aind White Pharr were quarreling and Howiem w'is sttading near mby. Omaloway jerked a p)istol. fromi his pocket(, Inltenid ig 1o kill Pharr buta lhe enught hold1( of it. Thle pistol, however, wvas ihschia rgedc( and the ball struck Homwie. He died in a few minutes. Bot h (Ialloway and Pharr then too'k to their hl, and have not been seen since. All are colored. iFaltal l%otl.-r Explosionm. SCRANTON, Pa,, Jan. 22 e-TIhe en- I gines and boiler houses of the Mount Jessup Coal Company, were blown to pieces this morning b)y t he oxnlosion of our of the boilers. Firememi Mun. Ie.v, of Azrchibalud,was instantly kilIld, and several German )aborers y 'll injuired. The b)uildli4gs caught frerA and were totally destroyed.ic