Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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t' 1 - * A.NO p I VO.XIPICKENS, S. C., IthURSDAl, AU(WUST2,187 BOME SUGGESTIONS ON A VERY I1 PORTANT SUHJ ET. A Review of the Arguments Used Again Our Present System of Publim Edueatioi To the Editor of lho News and Cour er: The question how we can best cdr cate young men in order to fit them ft life, and for its two-fold strugglo, part against the adverse forces of nat ure partly against the over increasing into leotual and industrial competition ( other trained communities, should mot deeply engage every thoughtful an patriotic citizen of the State. As thi duty to the rising generation is on'o the gravest that can possibly arise in th whole category of individual, social an< civic responsibilities, it should be up proachod seriously, gravely, earnestly reverently, with an entiro freedom h on prejudice and passion, andi an eye singlh to the ascertainment of truth. Unfortut nately the question of education has no heretofore been considercd in this earn est, patriotic spirit. The present controversy (it can scarce ly be called a discussion) over the bes methods of education of youth in thi studies "pertaining to agriculture am the mechanic arts" bids fair to go tht way of all others of its kind, and to b< decided not on its merits, but in accord anceo with the way in which it affet conflicting individual or local interests Now if this discussion were unimport ant, so that no great harm would resul from a decision in any direction, th public could afford to leavo a few dis putants to fight it out. But inasmucl as South Carolina has always been, ai most probably always will be, an agri cultural State in spite of booms am tariffs and other alleged "diversifying' influences, so that her chief wealth wil: bo derived directly from the soil by tin toil and sweat of a large proportion o her people, it is a manitest necessity tha this problem of the improvement of hei extracted industries be solved with cor rectuess and solved with dispatch. In the fierce competition of the da the State has no time to lose. But i blunder may be worse than a crime. i - false step may cost her thousands o: dollars directly and millions in its eon sequences. She is, therefore, compl le to avoid apathy on one hand and tot great haste on the other. She must aci promptly, but she must act wisely. Sin must be sure she is right and then gt ahead.., I sincerely hope that the dis ^ this question will become 3 and free debate is tin -blic. The sovereigi 1-. . 0yctyia ah4 iones thv far ha au sr.ojeoct. I take it fr granted tkih. th1e avaio desire to puropagrato error o] so.win their cause in any other way that -by sound reason based on undisputex facts. . Nevertheless the public demands in ita own interest that those who assume tt teach must first. thoroughly acquain1 thomselves with their subject; or tiott il they fail in this, then mistakes must be pointed out by some one else. In tin interest of truth, and of a serious, c in did, dispassionate discussion of this im portant measure, I desire to correct son of the errors of fact, express or implied that have crept into the discussion. It has recently been stated by severa persons and newspapers that unless th~ State establishes a special agricultuira college she cannot secure the benefits o the Congressional "Hatch Act," whiicl app)ropriates $15,000 a year for agricul tural and scientitic experimentat ion Whether this is true or not can be seern by reference to the following sections o: the Hatch Act as passed: ."Section 1. Bc it enacted, &c., TUhai in Order to aid in acquiring and diIlfui cmong the people of the United Stateu useful and practical information on sub jects connected with agriculture, thmer< shall be established under direction o the college or colleges or agricultura departments of colleges in each St ate o: Tcrrito.zy established, or which mna hereafter be established in accordanc< with the p)rovisions of an Act approvei July 2, 1862, a department to be knowi and designaLtedl as an agricultural experi mont station: Provided that in any Stat< or Territory in which two such collegoi have been or may be so established, thn appropriation hereinafter made to such Stato or Territory shall be equally divid ed between such colleges, unless th< Legislature of such State or T1erritor2 shall otherwise direct." "Section 8. That in States havin1 colleges entitled under this section t< the benefits of this Act and having als< agricultural experiment stations establ. *lished by law separate from said col leges, such States shall be authorized t< apply such benefits to experiments al stations so established by such States and in case any State shall have estab lished under the provisions of said Aci of JTuly 2, aforesaid, an agricultural (le p'artmient or experimental station in con nection with any universit.y, college o1 institution not dlistinctIly an agricultura college or school, and such State ala have established or shall hereafter estab Jish a separate agricultural college og mchool, which shall have connectet therewith an experimnental farm or* sta tion, the Legislature of such State miaa apply in whole or in part the appropria tion b)y this Act made to such separat< agricultural college or school, and1 ni Legisclture shall by contract,O orss o im inied, disable itself from s on ~cetion 1 directs the appropriatioun t< be made to "any college or colleges o agricultural departments of colleges, andl Section 8 adds thait in case thmer shall bo a sepnarate agricultural experi mental statiou the Legislature is autho, ised (not reqluired) to ahply the fund t, i6. And in ease a separate agriculture college shall bec thereafter establisho, .the Lehaturo may appropriate thm whole or .a part of this money to suce college. This extract sh1ows that there is ni wrarrant whatcver for the statement tha a separate agricultural college is a pre requisiteo for an appropriation. Th State of New York which has a separat nxinrimantal sttn, andan- -arclt annex to Cornell University, has just by Act of the Logislature given the appro, priation to Cornell. The Jatoh Aot . therefore removed from the arena of debate. Mr. 11. R. Thomas, of Wedgefield, in a letter to the News and Courier, dated April 23, 1877, said: "Now if this cotin. ' ty is an average, then out of the $40,00C . apnpropriated [to the College and Citadel] thc farmers pay $30,000 a year to edu ' cate lawyers, doctors, preachers and sol r diors, while nowhere in the State can a y farmer'p boy got a practical agricultural and mechanical education." Sumter county is not an averago,; and the farmers do rot pay three-fourths of f the State taxes. If they did no one t would grudge them the hard-earned wealth that theso taxes represent; and, besides, it makes little difference what 8 class pays the most taxes so long as each f individual bears his just burden, for the State is an aggregation of individuals, not of classes. But when such a state ment forms the justification of the chargo that the farmers are swindled, it should not be made unless known to be true. The report of the comptroller general for last year (page 100) gives a statement of the State taxes, the only source from which comes the appropriations for the College and the Citadel. From this re port is taken the following summary: Total State funds from taxation, royalty, li censes, &c.......... - 766,312 I Taxes paid by railroads, ra7stei cte real estate in cities and towns, personalty in Charleston and Co s lumbia......... .. ..208,908 Phosphate royalties. . . 196,000 License fees.......... 4,995 Bal, from other sources $409,904 This balance, about 4G per cent, of the total revenue, includes not only taxes )aid by farmers, but all country prop. erty, and all personalty in towns and cities outside of Columbia, owned by others than farmers. These would offTet the taxes paid by farmers under other heads. icarcely a pound of river rock s used in outh Carolina and the royal ty is, therefore, paid by the mining conipanics o' by foreign consumers. This statement is sulliciently accurate to show that the farmers do not pay th'ree fourths of the taxes. There are so nmuy better reasons t)iai this why farmers should have full con sideration that they can well afford to (iiSl)eise with it. .In the second part of the sentence quoted the writer is again in error; for as neither th, College nor the Citadel contains a special department in theology or in medicine, it cannot be said that the state 'educates preachers and doc tors," unilcss the writer means that a general literary, scientific and polite uiltire is inl nded for preachers, doe alone, and that farmers' ought not derive any ad ..efroma. 11c could not con . ..o any such position so un just to the farmer and his son. Even were ther no technical agricultural in struction in the College, the sons of farime r would still enjoy in common with all others that general training which is of the utmost importance in enabhg its possessor to enter into this ' ierce iitellectual competition now raging thnroughout the civilized world, the want of which traiining conlpels the farmer's son or anybody else's son to take a back scat or be run over. But the fStato does much more. Not only giving the faimer's son that broad culture he cannot secure in a low grade specialized school, she provides for him a separate department, in which he can also (btaii special technical, pract cal training. St,udents who dlesiro to be come lawyers are shrewd enough gen-. erally to take a thorough academic course and finish off in the law depart ment, and farmers' sons should at least receive thu same kind of preparatory training in order to fit them to cope with these alleged "enemies of their race.". Agaiih, as military training is one of coleetures in all separate agricultural clee,the Citadel should not be re viled for traiing '"soldiers.'' As it is still a mooted question what constitutes a practical agrigultural edu cation, it can only be argued, not proven, whether this S3tato gives such or not. But the fact is that the lan of education provided by South Carolina is in t o same line as that given by twenty fou rStates in the Union, and its legality is recognized by Conigress, by Legisla hires of States, and b' at large major'ity of the people of the Lbuion. The charge that the farmer's son can not obtain a practical mechanical educa Lion can be directly disproved. Thirty or forty students during the past year have been engaged in the workshops of tho South Carolina College, and whien trLoy shall have completed their course they will know more about ordinary wood and iron wvork than many of the carpoenters and blacksmith1s in the State, besides being thoroughly trained in me! chanical drawmg~ and in the theory of machinery, kinematics, mechanical technology, &c. I.t is a qulestion of taste ivhether it is better for tho farmer's son, or lawyer's, or (doctor's, or preachier's son to pay money ini college to learn how to fork mainure, cut wvood and chop cotton, without knowing how to handle tools, or to permit him to acquire the details or' unskilled labor at home, and learn at college how to frame buildings, weldl tires, sharpen ploughs, rig up ma chinery and do other skilled operations which would otherwise entail, a loss of time and mone,y. The M\lississippi Colle-e p)ursiues the former course; th e Soiut i Carolina the latter. Manual labor is required in both places, the only di Iferenco being that the South Caroline College gives that traini ing which cannot be0 given at home, while the Mississippi College, during ito sovcu years of 'adtoe, has taken no 5to s tog give instruiction ini the use of tools, or other skilled mecbanical hahor. As already said thiere are between thirt) and forty students in the South Carolina College acquiiring this practical mecchan ical training. ThIe charge, then, that t,he farimer'si son cannot secur e I his traini mug must be charitably a:,cribed to sheer ignoranco, but to ignmoranco hard(ly ex cusable, since a half hour's visit to) thi College or 11vo minutes perusal of it. Icatalogue would have dispelled it. mn. Columbia, 13. 0. gras wdoW'" a~ m isleading term WflTE,SLAVEIIY IN COLONIA I TIME Itedoaptioner or Tora SIavcs--Fro WYIilers and Indontel Sorvants. (From the Now York I'ost.) Many persons who consider themselve familiar with the history of this countrj are not aware that in the last contur3 white men, women and child -en wort held in bondage; that the cole' i.l law* in favor of such servitude wcr, as ex. plicit and severe as wore those in sup. port negro Flavery. t3uoh white persons owing a personal service to individual masters were generally known as "term slaves," though their legal status was represented by the word "redemption er." Isaac Wold, Jr., in his book of travels in America, published in the last cen tury, asserts that it was the custom of shipmasters at Rottordaim and the Hanso towns to inveigle the pe'plo on to their vessels, under promise of free passage to America. On reaehing the colonies an nouncement of the arrival of mechanics and laborers would be made, and per sons in want of such would flock to the shops, and the poor Germans would be sold to the highest, bidders, the captains pocketing the proceeds. Redemptioners constituted in the early part of the eighteenth century a pecuhar feature of colonial anxiety. They were recruited from among all manner of people in the old world, and through this channel Europo emptied upon America not only the virtuous poor and oppressed of her population, but the vagrants, felons and dregs of . her communities. There was thus establish ed among the settlers a society that, in many. places, was almost imbued with a moral pestilence. Among the redemp tioners, however, were a fair proportion of sturdy souls, strong in purpose and endeavor, who appreciated the great opportunity created for them by this complete change of life and country. At the expiration of their term of ser vice many, by thrift and industry, ele vated themselves to respectable posi tions, and were absorbed in the middle class. There were two kinds of redemption ers-"indentcd servants," who had bound themselves to their masters for a term of years previous to leaving the old country, "free-willers," who, being without money and desirous of emigrat ing, agreed with the captains of ships to allow themselves or their families to be sold on arrival for the captain's advant age, and thus repay costs of passage and other expenses. The former-indented servants-were often trapped into their engagements by corrupt agents at home, who persuaded them all under false promises of tender and humane treat ment, and assurances of remunerative employment at the expiration of service, which would insure a competent provis ion for the remainder of their days. The emigrants often discovered on arrival that the advantages to be obtained in America had been panted by the agents in much too alluring colors. Frequently their masten; forced them to most rigid labor and exercised an unncccssaiy severity. The free-willirs suffered oven worse treatment at the hands of shipmastcrs and agents. They were led to believe that on arrival in America their services would be eagerly solicited by persons who would gladly pay the costs of their passages; which being only ?9, the emigrants would soon be able to repay, the emigrants would soon be able to repay, and thus be able to secure their liberty and all the enjoyment and pros perity that the new country offered to adventurers. Agreements were entered into whereby these deluded ones bound themselves, that if, on arrival, they did not succeed within a certain number of days in securing employment on their own terms, they coul be sold1 for a term of years to defray the charges for their p)assages. Alas! the '-'frec-willers," with rare exceptions, had a rude awakening on reaching the colonies. Under their agreemients the cap)tain had a legal lien on the persons of the emigrants until the ship charges were p)aid: conse(quent ly they were not allowed to go on shore, but were exposea to view on deck to the p)eop)le who came on board in search of servants. Exept in eases of extraordi nary qualifications, ve.;y few of them were happy enough to make their own stip)ulat ions, and they found themselves sold for several years of tedious labor and servitude. Thec terms of conditions of service differed in the dill'erent colonies. Among the archives of the l'ennsylvania I us torical Society are somet original bonds(1, or agreements, between ship captins and redenmptioners. From them wve learn that the usual price paid ini that colony for three years' service was ?EM 1s. and Gd. When his time had expiredl a man w~as entitled to receive two suits of clothes, a grubb)ing hue, a weeding hoe anid at new axe. Chilren sold for fromu ?8 to ?10, and their masters were required to see that they were taught to read and write, and had at least one qJuarter's schooling. In New .Jersey- accordingf to "'Leam ing andi Sp)icer"-no white servant, if sold or bound after sevouteen years of age, could serve aj)ovo four years. If uinder that age, they were to be free ona reaching their majority. At the expira tion of service their master were ob)liged to supply them with two goodl suits of clothmng, suitale for a servant, one good felling axe, 01n0 good hoe, and seven bushels of Indian corn. A serAant 'was to be immediately freed in case of being so abused by master or mistress as to result in tihe loss of an eye or a tooth. The laws against aiding redlemptionists to escape were very severe. A fino( of ?5 was imiposedi for oflering assistane mn such cases, and the aider and abettor was obliged to make full satisfaction to master or mistress for all loss, dhamage or cost sustained b)y the absence of or search for the runaway. Any one who conceialed1 or (lntertainedh an ab)scond(ing rcenmptioner could be fined at the dlis cretion of the court, an(d 1)e made to pay ten slhings to the owner for each do lie had harbored the servant, It was not ur '. mmoni for thrifty Gor mans, who w. possessed of enough mnone y to pay their passages and to (do tray the first cost of settling to allow themselves to b)e sold adlvantageously3 and on favorable terms. Tihis was iin order that during their servitude tIhe) mighi have an opportunity of learning the bo iguage and of g rowing famniliai *ith thle mnneI1irH, em,torms at'd institu tins of the counit ry. Iia looking back on the peculiarities, changes and gradations of society in . Now Jersey's colonial day, it is curious to note how tho well-to-do emigrants - who brought with them or purchased after arrival rederuption servants, often lost the prestige of their ailluenceo; being unable in the now country to maintain their rar k and influence. Their humble servitors, however, inured, by hardship and labor to the stern necessities of colonial existence, prospered and throve. The bond. people, after serving their tiie, acquired land and homes by dili genco and saving; it was not uncommon, in the second generation, to find them taking precedence of the children of the master who had owned their time during the first years in the country. Tho affluent i.inigrant, having boon accus tomed to ease, proved unequal to the struggle, and his childron, throngh faulty and ignorant education, rapidly deteriorated. The Cotton Mov,nioiut. The New York Financial Chronicle, in its review of the movement of the cotton crop for the week ending on the night of August 12, says that the total receipts have reached 7,270 bales, against 1,499 bales last week, 2,581 bales the pro vious week, and 3,295 bales three weeks since; making the total receipts since the 1st September, 1886, 5,213,448 bales, against 5,314,557 bales for the same Period of 1885 -G, showing a decrease since September 1, 1886, of 101,109 bales. 'IThe exports for the week reach a total of 12,521 bales, of which 11,055 were to Great Britain, 41 to France, and 1,425 to the rest of the continent. The total visible supply of cotton, as made up by cable and telegraph, for the week was as follows: Total of Great Britain stock (60,000 bales, total of continental stocks 314, 100--making a total of European stocks of 1,004,100 bales. The total visible supply for the world is 1,314,490 bales; of this number 728,390 are American and 616,100 East Indian, etc. The imports into continental ports for the week have been 15,000 bales. These figures indicate an increase in the cotton in sight of 51,102 bales as coml)ared with the same date of 1886, an increase of 14,672 bales as compared with the corresponding date of 1885. The receipts at interior towns for the week were 7,279 bales. Old interior stocks were decreased 1,768 bales, and were 33,251 bales less than at the same period last year. The receipts from the plantations, being the actual movement, not including the overland receipts nor Southern con sumption, of cotton that reached the market through the outports for the past week were 3,125 bales, The total receipts since 1st September, 1886, were 5,189,355 bales. The'actual movement from the plantations was only 5,219 bales, the balance being taken from the stocks at the interior towns. Southern spinners' takings to 1st Au gust have been 391,000 bales as against 308,000 bales at the same time lust year. The Chronicle says, in reviewing the speculation in futures during the week: ''The speculation in cotton for future delivery at this market has been some what inactive for the week under review, and the prineipal feature in the decline in options for this mouth. No very im portant influences have been at work. Crop accounts have iiiproved, owing to the fall of needed rain over a consider able .portion of Texas, and a partial clearing up in Georgia and the Caroli n.as, where the downfall had been exces sive. Liverpool reports have reflected a very unsettled market there. The bureau report, nud public on Wednes- ' (lay, was rather better than was generally expected. On Saturday the next crop i ruled slightly dearer, but the improve ment was lost on Monday. In the comtec of ''uesday andl Wednesday thtere was a (dechnte of 30) points in Augtust options, while the niext crop gave way only 5 to 7 points. T1here were unauc coutably full receipts of 01(d cotton at New Orleans, which had an unfavorab)le cifect ul1x>n vaLlues for prompt delivery. On Thlttay an early decline, under weak Liverpool adv ices, was fully recov ered on a demiantd to cover contracts. 'lo-day atn early (declinie was followed by variable unsettled valtues. Cotton oni the .spot, nnmder frecer olferings a~nd de clinig prices, has beent fairly active, both for exptort and home consump)tion. Quotations were reduced 1-10c. on Mon day and le. Ott Wedtnesday. Friday, at a futrther dleclitne of 1-16c., there was a very large business for export, and home spimners bought fairly.'" Let theo I1o. He lip . .Why is it that the boys are allowed to sit around a houtse doing nothing, while their overworked mother is struggliig against nat;ure and fate to do the work?"i Only the other (lay we saw three large, able-bodied boys lounigintg about the house, not knowing what to do with themselves, while their mother, tired and pale, was trying to do0 the work fori a large fatmily and1( company alone. Not a boy's work to help about the house? Why not? Is there antything about wvashiog dlishes thtat wvill injure him or which he canntot learn to (d0 well, or about mnakitg beds, or sweeping, or set-( titng thle table, or washuig, or' ironing, or cookinig at plain meal? On~ the con-t trary. thtere is ziitteli to benefht hinm in< such wotrk, the tuost, imiport'ut of whtichit is the Jdea that it isn't mautly tu let the ''weaker vessel"' carry all the burdens, t when it is p)ossib le for stronig, young hands to help. Alost boys would gladly help in the house if tLtey were asked to do so, andl wvere taught how to (10 the work proper ly. .Manty a stiart boty wants to help1 hi: tiredl mtothier, butt dloesn't know how betyonld bringinig in the wood and the water, and shoveling a path through the snow. 'Ibis done, shte tells him to go and play wle she plods wearily on. .Not a boy's work? For shame! 1t is a pos it ive harm to a btoy 's moral char acter to allow hitn to thtinik it ri ght to ht utlle whtile his mother is staggering undet heir bu trdents. Le~t [the boye help, antd those whO can't get hlp "for love or mtoney',"' as they often write t'o us, wih see their troub,les dlisaptpear.- -Phti ladl No one shtould be0 guilty of travehot; to or fronm thin moutntin~s of Nor th Car ')lina without going at least one w , vite the Great All-healing Mineral Sprinig in ( astoni coutnty. A dhenne, sidt t) be TVexais fever, hte b roken out among the cattle int the neigh borhood of Qawmmo N. Y COST OF A BWELL WADtI)ROIE. ExIhorbltant Prlces Which the New York Tailor, Charge for Oood Clothes. N.w YoRK, August 18.-I have hoard a half dozen men say recently that they found they could save money by going to London to buy thoir clothing. It is true of actors particularly, who are obliged to have a large number of suits on hand, but the economy is just as evident among less extensivo purchasers. Herbert Kolley went to England this year for the solo purpose of replenishing his wardrobe. "One can got good clothes on this side of the water, undoubtedly," ho said, "but the trouble is they cost triple what they do in London. A crack tailor here charges $20 for a pair of trousers, and that sum will buy three pair in Eng land." The tailors of New York are constant ly growing more exhorbitant in their prices. There are of course hug em poriuris or bazars where clothes are clipped out like shoe pegs and sold liko hot muffins, but it goes without saying that well dressed men do not patronize thom. A man to earn the distinction of being pronounced well dressed in New Yoric must exercise great care not to dress too much or too highly. He must spend considerable sums upon his attire, but nothing like the amounts set dowi of late in numerous articles that are going about in the daily papers concerning the cost of a well-dressed New Yorker's wardrobe. The statement that at least twenty thousand men here sped five thousand dollars a year on their cloth ing causes an aching void to replace one's heart. I'm not an expert on clothes, but realize the absurdity of that report. Sulposo a man buys eight suits of clothes a year, which is an extraordinary number, the cost would be about as fol lows: Two frock suits...................24 One evening suit... . .. ......... 120 Two business suits................ 130 ihreo cutaway suits............... 2 0 This would call for less than $800 of the $5,000 a year, leaving the overcoats, yachting flannels and underwear to come out of the trilling balance. Even under those conditions a man would have from 15 to 20 fits in his wardrobe, for they would accumulate rapidly with one ioming in every six weeks. In sober fact a tailor who succeeds in yanking what the gamblers calls a "merry little live 'underd" out of a customer regards him with reverence, respect and alce ion. There is a limit to such ulterior End interior trappings as ovcrgaiters, scarfs and linen. A thousaud dollars a year will dress the Prince of Wales or the most impressive of Union or Knick orbocker Club men. If ho buys his toggery in London half the sum will bring the same results, though 1 thor oughly believe that there are better tailors in New York than across the water. Two men who sat on the rail of a yacht the other day were compa.;ng the prices of their yachting flannels. The younger of them, who had just re turned from a six years' term at Oxford, said to the other: "What did you pay for that white suit?" ''It was made to order," sai'l the other, ur"eying his flannel:, conplaeiently. ''The coat and trousers were made by my tailor for >15, and the shirts were $7.50 to order." ''Well, this outfit,'' said the Oxford inan, si retching out his athletic legs anid xhil)itinig flannels of far better texture md fit than those of the other mai, 'cost, including shirt, trous:rs and coat, vade by a crack London tailor, just >l i Ii our money." T1hat's t.he reason it pays to go abroad ~o buy your clothes. WVhile the steamer Flora Tlenmple was 3ruising necar the snapper banks, yester lay, abmout fifteen miles off shore, Capt. Nlontealm B3rowvard observed an~ in - nenso black object floating on the sur ace of the water. Upon approaching it me discovered that it was an immnense ~urtle of some sort, wvhich was lazily deoping on the surface of the wat<r*. .'ho captain secured a harpoon, and when near enough he dexterously threw he weap)on and succeeded in fixinig it irmly in the back of the monster. I t vas found impossib)le to raise this mon nain of flesh to the boat, so that the saptain attachied a hawser to the hir )oon, and taking it in tow, brought it ii) to the city, arriving at Djecotte's wood far;d ab)out five o'clock, when the limge >b)ject was hauled out iipon the shiore, vhere its great size soon attracted a argo crowd who gazed with wonder' at he strange visitor. The weight of the aptamn's catch was vario usly estinma ted o be from 1,000 to I ,500) pounds; it nieasured across the anterior fully eight 'cot two inches, was seven feet two nches f rom thme end of the nos~e to the' 'p of the tail, and perhaps eight feet in aircuimference. The captain called his satchi a tortoise, but the News;- IIerald nan idlentified it as a pe(culiarly up!amlid Ipecimen of the, trunk or leathery turtle Sphargis (Iariacea.) '[his great sea lemlzen inhabits the gulf streami along ho Atlantic shores and elsewhere. It loes not have a shell, but is coveredl with leathery skin, with seven longituihnal idges. It is the largest of the tortle, rib)e, and is of no value as food. - ack onville (Flia.) News-H.erahl. 11p0n himsicf thce ollec's ofl ai jnther,l ap >eatd this paperl, atnd w~ lcproised to oive thce result of' i h is p efornoun, . tic ectu rday we rnet (apItain .J. . (;e(n0 he co,nr cf thc,ecu famt, > - otier.' dcia ce sai that he puct imc to 'et cin seve tur (Cy, ninte guinea 101 ince ben1 (''' iha be, tourkey eggsa look,. durcing th pro' e >f incubatcion,l'but t hot at thce c'' p per lion cc cimne ocif the liest with all thec goaine, ni chiickensi, andc that he, dIno bec sen ci fm mi, ac few i.i!: ' from'1 A ie by ali sh o ubt1 th Ie trlh II of th( 'try ( 'aptacir 5og sy the gobbctler tre'i''s hics hwcci s'ithi the nn>c!t mothlerly otteion.10 and ihme bey'~ are all dloing wvell. Gli/Axn R'ecorder. P iccn' ' hPleasant~ l'urgotive t'elI! tro peIr tIt pre'venltives of consiti pation. lIn -Ise in ghm'e bottles, alIways fresh. I1l6 dl d ruggl.sts. M, lial returns shiow that 70,000) pcersnccc lied from cholera in the noth west pcr( ,'inees o,f Indint during .n a.i .y. A 'olbnlli ItrnkeniOn's TerrileI Experlene ilmnt(cked OIT the Car and Dragged a tunrter of a b1Ue. iIilledge i)aun, a blrakentn on the Char lotte, Cl0nntia ttndl Augustt Railroad, is lying at his ho in iu the settlement beyond tie depot, brinti ttnd gashed from an ac cident wile clming from Charlotte this Inortiug. lie was on tol) of the ears ai tley passed Hidgeway, and as the iiige this side war appr)1oacbed, ihout 1.'n, hie attempto(d to Put on the brakes. 'I utling wit It hia back to the blgi(t!!e and triiug the wheel, lie Wits iun(onsciouts of (ianger. A cry from the foiw rd brakiman, "Watch out, Jli ledge Was uiihe:trd, andi the tbak of his ne(k wsas carried ftirly againat the strue ture, knock i ug him between t\w\o cii,, where he hn ien fstenuetd, his feet drag giniig (Ii the (rack. For a (itlter o; i uile he wa enriittl in this way, when h. was suhl, ly loosiiiel and fell tpon the tra:'k, f<nirten c:i:, P issing over him. At intervtls he was struck on the head andt bt'k by the brake be"ans as the cars rolleI ( n, c.xI. -d n-ing the )tlust agonizing pain at tach blow. Iews co niS ei(ns enoug5cn0jh to Liiow h\r:a' \w:as going onu, and suttered a liii, ilcith tit the (unst:nt ftear" of beirng rrnshedi to a p ulj,. It was;i w nI,-rful lth:St he (<(,itapel wit li t,. It watiis die lrobably to tlie lnrii:itiii It the track. i),tr his bei e tniiiertied with the rail roittl for (lhe hi't itnt"( Ii ycarS, iand has ii\s Ieu a lap:thh' w'rkuiaii. (aptaiin Albist,n luotl htimn llacedt in the ahl ;tiid br"ougntl to ('uihlia, w\here D)r. Ilow\' IIt(ndecd hiini. N < ho(nestiaro bil,o n ;tin his inr .jil s are hut ennsi(h"e l Iital. Ilis hadi is u(cverel wvitl1 hitiSes, his Iudy scarrel, ant his knes sW,lleni to an cnor mlousi slit. lIe stttfers inui h l,ain andti iiiiable to miye. - ( 'm1,ci /)iii/ ic'cord,t l ipea", Pt.I 5I11.10 F;I)l A l":(:(A..1 ( et * in i ,f,(nt i t,ln t 1 S v(n ''i t oldu l l)uliurs in 31uu,y aut I to (ls. A .Ht iOn special siyli tlat fromi a beggarly little room at tle rear of No. 71 Albany street, ii that city, Mrs. Mary imiti wia remoniv,d to the City llospital Saturitly iight, where she died iefore oim'iiinIi. She wit sevenity-six years old, uad witii it t iii 1111)1 1lit'most ui tetclt edl,y dressi'I crcatutre in iill i Ioston. litr loo wa+ miiisieralyi, tilt hy, anl ltr clothie werc littl b' 1etter' tl,inl old rag kuept tug,"Ii " r biy .iriugs. \lis. Stimilii tea a Iofesionial Ihga, and1( it was1 wh"lilt" limilingf ab1)ut (,n hu daily rulttil in suarehi uof eiit"it1 Sautur diy that she wa, klioedtl (lowii d lntnd run (ver ly a (a'lu b,u 1,(t.heri3' boy at the uitr oft lliwtrd ant li,u) so t strett. t)u)mebody relnoce l lier to ier hlme and utitild the liuhe and hail her ta ke to the City .llislplmit; . w: t u(l i l u l .hurt, but her ailviie - lyears andt her cifeel 'id condition re ttiug froin lout' years oi Iiv c ion lco i b i ot witlhitand ' the slioti. i ut he did sl saut Htomethiul' id,iiit bt' -I. onletuy an it tsk that il w ir (2litut,i (' ult h i i otitttt. ''ho h;)stl at tt ant:- {.lieye1 IIi poor erUiture was w u1i ler-in; in her nud. 'Iiis Pininig, lowevi r, woirI was sent to thu luwy (er, when i -y Wer surpriscil 1u liv ia'tIti;it theii i 011 tutta haud icently uiad,e i will iii itt was worth several thotiuni h dollart.. 'The poilici' wer ci >tlitildi :li ani tlleer '1'1e ioiesi \V1e11m iitii 1e ti url,l I i ti tiic detailed to s(areh tii miist,rly liging. bOpeiig the dlor (f t od itwoan' room,la foul it l,u il o rrt"til li'it a iid a dIoic lts ii i:. hpi s t leisiuelrtv into l thi theu l. Tea iii ll'i"r legg hiu- cli?ti'Cl by ripping Ien thof Irtt oi lth tw old i niitrt:::ii;:, it 1in n, to his i rcurprit se vera hanidsom 1' 'hIl id silver c is ratted i dow the tli 11,r I. Thu sf, chll, 'i,ip: i lthe husks 'viIthwich t,htu ittress wais side t bli die paiutted ,nI into tg i beai wasg aibiti' i a totlba i' pttia.Olir s t1 ranksi graped ite toelc mit oaw that hmo theet harlls iir olled oup tlinto - wasd tie with g greainy i thigs re uteewith his knisi fe, a I e1 ngditpceount. th e welth ou' udt -th. don atht al u iye ithe e ti hngane is(ijii,'eliii.I pe ioa Webanttiiily n usigdis in it the lng asfut pcketsehe drewi.g utcla hdoa. Opeil ittIhis7 ile billsa in hi vaiut eiokna - ions nari by was at,bei ttcoa.). thdewrllietr graaret it to rephea iti 7on i'the boo e feau ha b unch o t of iseometin 8, m)ide the liii'n.l'Cutn the hadet wJit his hug fet litter ba droppe tlrs thea flioor. .hiinid thioel doork aothe -.i ilit artieif aprel meg.dRiasi eiiarched,land ine theii lintiiwslfud iu mit is ee llo ari ous denominin ionse aiioutig to i'tw7i0i.iii lirt,i an ith, iand rolledrs upii,I Wid tiediit I withia piec of l ohe lin. thsid ria vidIiIi' wrapedI uarefey init ia doz entm Iapers, st l al il ge of Uniitged ts oir I uoveruni t (bons of thiisu haf Inird bea ringtt,i tour per~ e itet ini t unottding. 'nvhe atentix phyundrae tolhelars.ueIil Vttic Down I in thedorner l the ai wiiseiii wohi b~an ook1t ilf theFrali n Havi hon:(ianduil dlh~'ta, i t'i~i'ii a ,5 a)fs ft'id, I 1 i n'li I Il va ioust1 pats of tic ~ l)Ohti('d ShOfitOlIl t A COAL CREEK LEGEND. THEQ(UEERSTORYOFA g gW JP - MIN, Which Is Guarded by Monster.--An Neighborhood's Odd Boief-A . Siler "A Foot Thlok"--A Yarn a5 Yarn. CLINTON, ILd., August l9..Betw . Clinton, Ind., and the Illinois line ir t hilly bit of country through which fSow a little stream called Coal creek. In the hills are valuable coal beds, lying goner- ' ally only a few foot below the surface of the ground and cropping out many places. The log cabins of miners and poor formors, with here and there a Stony fild of corn and oats, are the only signs of civilization in the wild neigh borhood. The people have a remarka ble story to tell to any strangei'who may, chance to l)onetrato into their territory. They firmly believe that there is a vein of pure silver "a foot thick" in a mertain hill at the sido of the creek. This rich vein of metal, they say, ox tends under the bed of the creek and then is lost beneath a high hill on the >ther side. No white man, now alive, lus over soon this treasure. Many years tgo, however, an old man, dressed in cagged garments, and acting as if ho had ost his wits, was soon occasionally in the ioighborhood, and it was believed he new the secret of the mine. The old nian, after remaining in the hills two or hreo days and nights, would disappear is mysteriously as he came. When any >ne questioned him about the mine, h"e vould shrink from them and say: "It vould be death for me to toll." The people believed that this old man lug up what silver ho could carry away way and thou departed, only returning vhen ho needed more, lie has not been ec for a number of years, however, Lu(d it is thought that he is dead. The mine- so the story runs-is hid len from human eyes by tho power of udian magicians. Furthermore, it is >rotected by two grim guardians-a ;reat lion and a snake one hundred feet ong. There are many people in that icinity who say they have seen the lion and the snake. As they are never known I leave any track behind them it is bo ieved that they are ghosts. The people ay that when the Indians were driven >ut of that country by the white settlers Aio magicians of the tribe killed the lion ud the snake and left their ghosts to ptard the mine, in order to furnish hese ghosts with a hiding place the In hans set fire to a bed of coal, which ropped out of the hill near by, thus forumg a deep cave, which is there to this day, and which no one has ever Ired to explore. In this dark hole the two ghostly guardians are bound by a charm. The snake, however, is per mitted to leave the den once every year, while the lion has the same privilege iceorded it once every four or ive years. it such times as they are free they roam tbroad and create terror fo. miles roundl. The snake was last seen in the summer >f 1St; by a man named Murphy, who vith his little son was picking black 'erries in the woods. The father and on ran away as fast as they could; in. act, no one who has ever seen this won [erful serpent ever did anything in its >reence except run away from it, so far s any one can now remember. The ion, however, has been hunted. John Fletcher, a farmer, one day bout ton ye'trs ago saw the lion in front I him, lie ran to a neighbor's house uid got a gun, a companion and a pack f hounds. They followed the lion to a liceket, in which it disappeared. The ounds on catching sight of the beast rst bristled up, and then turned tail and an. T1he hunters also became frightened rd went home. Mrs. Ilocket, when a little girl, saw lie honu sitting by a stump on a hill near ter father's house. She began to scream ud 1hcr father ran to her, lie could not co.the b)east and told her that she was fraud of a stumpn1. 1He got an axe and ut down the stump, but the lion still at there, it finally wecnt away. A few rears later Mrs. 110ckett's sister saw an nimal "like a big, woolly dog" running lown a bill by her side. Presently she uaw it was a lion and ran away. About ten years later Mrs. Ilockett icr husband, and one of two other per ons, while going along a lonely road at Light, heard an animal breathing in a hicket a few feet away. Before they ad time to get badly frightened they card the animal rise above the tops of hie young trees and then crash down uto the bushes several hundred feet way. A few more of these tremendous aps took it out of hearing. They did tot dloubt but that it was the lion. 'The spoectrl snake is dlescribed as be ug black in color andl as large around as lie body of a man. '11e people believe hant the charm by which it and the lion re held will become p)owerloss in a few Lore years, and that they will go away nd never return. T1hen the lost silver , uine will be found. T1hie white man, vho formerly visited the mine, is sup 'osed to have received from the Indis' charm by which ho could control ~uardian specters. When he died ecret was l-.>t. In the above bare statement the e >us belief of the Coal Creek dwolle iven withouit adornmenit of any so ralue lying in the simple faith vhich the people of that locality t as the truth. TIho story reads Ii olie of some miediaeval tale of one aent and fiery dragons, which in itrange manner has been transpian \merican soil. "y,why is everything EihC t sixes or at seve P'r lAbly, ray3 deari nervoui aule uiae suIfeingL from enIs(periha to your1 sex. dragginog-own"I feling, nl are deliitated, you I iin kiuts. TakeI I )r. Javoiie PreIc-Aripltion11 'rite red lucedto one deW(1 I (ellantS Oli1 the 10oil I hi've engagc 1i ul . -C the (ou$t vict ions. irrica f emergcy [h( 1rom thle bog.