The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1871-1903, July 21, 1887, Image 1
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' I' I
VO.1VI I(' h ENS, S. C,, 'H'I LJIISDAY, JULY 2,187NO43
TIMELY TU1'1US F lUK i 1W1!t,~
n oW TO DO I'AYIN(: \ORK A'i' 1111'
SEASON.
Suggestions of lIntorest, from an Autrhori
tt ivo Sourco.
(V. L. Jones in Southern Cultivator')
Tho reader of these "Thoughts for
the Month" should bear in mind that
they are chiefly in the nature of sugges
tions or reminders of work propor to be
done on the farm during the current
month. The ''Thoughts" relate t o and
flow out of the discussion of thes sub
jects. Farmers are like other men, often
forgetful of duty, obligation and pur
pose, and must be reminded. A a old
proverb says there is nothing now under
the sun, or ''words to that eil'ct," and
it is about as true of farming as of other
departments of life-work. The larger
part of the teachings of the present agri
cultural books and periodicals-in fact
nearly every principle laid down- is but
repetition. New facts are few and far
between. Agricultural teachers and
writers-including editors-are mrely
conscious of telling anything new. What
is really new and before unknown in the
agricultural world-the result of t he re
searches of a year-would make cnly a
few paragraphs in The Cultivator.
"Line upon line, precept upon pre
cept," was never more aptly (uote( as a
rule for guidance in teaching than in all
efforts for the dissemination of aF ricul
tural knowledge. We vary the fo in of
expression, or change the connecti In, we
utter from a dill'erent standpoint at idea,
often before presented, without making
any impression--without linding a lodg
mont. But now the idea seems now and
attractive; the wonder is that it was
ne er fought of before; it mak s an
impression, i;L excites iIIquiry, pie okes
investigation; it is iii liy tested by p rac
tico and its vahe realized. So ' 1dom
runs to and fro and knowledge e
creased."
,.AVING lY.
It used to be a common custo:n in
Middle Georgia and correspondit .re
gions of other States to lay by the eps
of corn and cotton before the 'Cilc rious
1?ourth." It was the aibition of .;vcry
owner or manager of a farm or p :ata
tiol to have corn and cottotihe so
clean. that not a ''bsketful' of .ras
Inight be gathered in a sLarch of tI en
tire crop. The changes in the clondi
tions of labor and sol have extende I the
period of cultivation. Ve have n- t so
largo a proportion of virgin ani re;h
lands in cultivation; our soils have been
largely deprived of their vegetable miat
tor, and have acquired the habit of
ning together" an' formiing -N
after each rain. This involr
necessity for the work of the
cultivator to keep the surface loose and
porous, and the actual impoverish ;ent
of the soil requires a h-tiger time to: the
1plants to reach that size and conuition
of development where culture la no
longer required, or may no longer be
Xrmritted without actual loss. In ie. peet
of cotton, while the improved varie ies
are generally earlier in fruit develop
mont, yet the tendency is to plo-v or
sweep through the crops rather later
than formerly. There is Ito lest tial
diflerence in the objects and details of
cultivatiou in J uly as compared with
June. Corn has generally received its
final workii., which should be thor
oughly well done but very shallow. We
used to think t Ihat the Itost effhet ive
hoe-work in the cern-lie was that
wh.ich was done as the iia '"laying by''
'of t'e crop when the diraggling hunches
of gr.ass and those around grubs and
stumps that had chuded the plowinan so
long werd~ destroyed by the slower bit
aurer worik of the hoeman. 'This flnal
hoeing--if ilhero be time to give it need
not be row byrow, but a sort of bt oadi
casting over the field; several rows bLin
tken by each hand at one time. TIhe
same remarks will rlso apply to the "'lay
ing by" of cotton, both ats to p)lowinlg
andl hoeing, the same objet being had
in view in both eases, the encouragement
of steady plant-growth and development.
We utterly disapprove of the prtactice of
"hilling up" corn either with plow or
hoe. It is aptly described by some one
as "taking the soil fronm where it is
needed and puttinig it where it is not
* j.ncuded ."
PLOulN 15 inY w)OXEATiilRu,
If fi:oro ocur pro)longed spells of dry'
wveather', and the eltan coniditioni of the
crop---the absaence of grass iand weedls
makes it uunieeessary to use plow or
sweep) for their destruct ion, the <lueQion)i
will arise whether it iou a good general
rule to plow ai cottoiihleid whent there
ha~s been no~ rain sinee last plowing anid
thie f1eht is abhsolutely eliti n o weeds.
The <iUA!tion w~ill occur to> any tar'mer
oi a few yeairs' experienIc(e, and it~ is er
tainly a practical onie. Somne faormers
believe i pilowing leepier as thle grounda
becomes dryer, cl~aiing that deep plow
ing will "'brinlg tup the moi, re.' Now,
deep plowing will "'bring up the mo)ist
ure," in the uienti that the moist s(oil thaut
lies several inchee below the siurfae illh
be brought to thte nluriace; bat we cani
.se no0 benefit or adlvantage in remJoving~
tioo soil with its conitained m nois;ture f:om
the neighboorhood of the plant roolb
(where: it .can do the most gocod), andt
bringiing jt to the surface to bo imni.
ately dried b.y the sun and wind. (Om
own experieno4t anid observationt are op
rosed to the raatico of plowing a fielt
nit has beent ouce thoroughly pulowe'c
ice any rain has falien. It may nol
sult in actutal harm to iha growis
*op, andi the hatter may event be bente
At'2d, but it is extremely doubtful if the
"game be worth the candle.''
In those fields of corn which have noi
received the finasl plowing, wo ug h
sowing of peas when that work is doe
T1he benefit that the soil receives aroi a
crop of pea-vines, even though scattere(
and thin, is substanttial, real and certain
A sack of guano, or euvent a load,of rich
,lookin g compost, may, and sometime:
da'es, deceive the "very elect" amnon1
iarnWers, andh fails to recompense fcu
mnyor labor expended; but a pea
vine hs an established and undisputter
reputationi-the same yesterday, to-dse
and-farover. A farmer who has a fiol
on which of jpeernces has been grow.
and returned to the soil possesses a
guarantee of a good crop next season
that gives more conf"idenco thai the
''guaranteed analysis" of the fertilizer
manufacturer. As long as the pea seed
hold out they should be sown on every
acre of corn-field. If ever red clover
was a blessing to any country as a restor
or and renovator of land, the cow pea
mutist certainly ho our great reliance to
to perform the 8ame geod work in the
cotton belt of the South. Clover will do
very well in the limo or clay soils north
of . degrees, and in sonie instances it
may succeed further soutih. But even
under the mo):. fuvoral)le circumstances
anud ii the cottol region, a tiehl that
may 1be relied on to yield a good crop
of red clover will rarely be seeded to
clover, beC:se saeht conliditions of soil
and prel)ratioll and manuring as would
result in a good clover clop would yield
a good crop of cort, cotton, wheat or
anything else. Our conditions in the
extreme South demand as a soil renova
tor a plant that is more thoroughly at
home thant clover-ono that needs no
special soil, preparation or manuring,
but will grow where anything else will
grow, and flourish where other crops
would fail. This we have in the cow
pea, whose adaptation to poor soils and
hard treatment hus originated the saying
--alpplied to very poor land-''too poor
to sprolt peas." if ever our land is to
he brought into a high state of cultiva
tion and rich productivcness-a condi
tion even better thnu that of our very
best virgin acres--it must be (lone by a
system of renovating crops, grass culture
and stock husbandry. 1t is the natural
method of soil-making modified aid in
tensified by the art of mati, and is the
basis of all extensive and permanent im
provement in agriculture. c
LTE SUMMF:a clio os.-fl
In addition to peas there are a few
other crops whoso planting may still
continue, ctuccess being dependent more
upon seasons. It shoukl be remembered
that late planted crops require rich soil
and deep prcparatiou. Forage crops of
corn, millet, sorglutm, et4., may stil be
nade, but will not amuouiit to much with
out goad groetnd, good preparation and
rasonalie seasons. i such plantings
be made and the 1ao, is started 1li in
Jutly, the August 1ains are frequcntls 1
sulicient to, mature i1'o yields-. We
havi had line success w ith cat-tail millet
sown ev'en s) lte as Augut 1st. The
best p ttatoes Ior k(eeirig, as well as for
planting next spring arme made from
viOlc st t out inl well-plowed, good soil
throughout the monti of .1 uly, those
plantcd early in the mon 2 ie m k ing
Es tirge tuber as u11Iy be dta ilrt, atnd
the hater, still ei atly Intr o for ordinary
Use and ;(or Lt I. There is no doubt of
the faet that t e later plantitlgs produce I
Ibetter kepers, anid the tre much
cheaper, its thev Iauke with much less
labor. Plantings of (uttini1s on wheat,
barley or rye luts are alio)st certain of a
od yield of rnootii, fair-sized potatoes
very small expense of labor. Very
itc plantings i-ho11ld b in closer rows
and the beds not thrcAvn up so high.
. ULY tLNSN ns, 1E u.
'the stcial gat Ieri:nge of farmers at the
close of the active work of cultivating
the cotton anl corn, that are0 still prae
tiCed in some counties in (ieorgia, ale
remnaeilns and reminders of the eua:totes of
the Cu: io1ms of the good old times "bee
fore the war.' in thos days tle
premised "uly dinller,'" when the crops
shall have been laid by cleal, Wits an in
centive to cheerful, hearty tichrt, and 1
the realization of its pleasures of eliting
ant drinking the hnieest, home-grown
beef andl mutton, pig tui(l poultry, etc.,
and the seen 1 communion of neighbuors,
wais a pleasant spot in the history of the
s11!ulmaer. 'The (ld phitation dinner was
r-eally given more ini the intercest anld for
thme enjoymtent of the slav~es, and the
pamticipationi of thle "white felks'" was
rather inctidenitl. Thie liore mnodern
aigricultua club 1111 dinner is tainlg the1(
yhtee~ of the former-, and has rapiOdly be
ceme very po>puar. Even ill the 4ab
semnce of a liegul ar organiuzation it is well
for thle netighbI ors for miles aroundil,
thlroulghout. each settlement, to hold
ought to be a regularly orgainized eiubi
inl every nleiglhborhiood, and thlese social
dinneiir-eaitinigx should be Ia feature iof the
regular1 monlthly pirogrmmein the yeair
round. 'Thle women folks should have
ani interest ini such1 tings. Tfhere's
nothing so well ca(lculalted to draiw ouit
the mnen anld induceo them toe attend the
meletingS of anI agroiultur-al club thanI the1(
presence of the lad' ies and4 somllethiinl
good to cat. Thei segregated or ''living
aipart"' condlition of tarmersu is a greait
dr 1awback to thir social, moral and1( in.
tellectual prlogress mando espe)ciailly to theirh
advaniceamnt inl agricullture ; andl any
nmeanli, harmless in it self, that will b)rinlg
farmlers together- of tener- cannot but coin
dluico to theo developmnentI, progres and 11(
p)rosper-ity -of our initerekCt..' -Tfore1
these oldl-tie gatheriings shouldi he re
t:uned(1(, systemati zedl and reguliated ais
par-t of our agricultural eonomiy. Shii
-gathieriigs .will readily develop inito
ntnhly fairs during the summer and1(
tall, and( prove great feeder-s and sup
piorters of larger gathorings and exposi
tionsi.
it is not tooi earlly to commu(4ee to
tani ?ed preparIe for latinilg the faill
(crops, laid evenI to planit some14 of them.l
Th i14n44st week in d alty andt thle first week
in Au4guist cover' the h ottest 4and perhaps
dr yist period44 ot thle Sunuaer, August 1et
bringI' up oIf 114( hieated terma. Al
-140 thug th day4 s confl 101tinuie pretty hot, yet
Itw enith of Jun1e114(, anid thlo aggr-egatte
hea t is. le :2 n the14 mo( ilistulro greater-,
I dutabagasi should4 h4e 144 n be il itweenl the
20th 4t aly and14 tIhe I th of August,
according441 4 > at itile, (4n 14on1e but wvell
1)n? 'hr4 4w 4 ti 414n w and 1seed (4n poor,
I ~o(dy, imd11y preare bod. 41444 Detter41
p i il t i , r o u g h. le. v44 . A s44 41 ( 4 in t i-1
mated 14144 Inlonli, we are 14n1ot41 m ii in
44ropJ 'n the M4outh. 1Their 114 ah for
I heep4.1 -fold1ing ao caI llttl4 ing4114 is 4one4
of those 4 En 1~glish dti on bs thatit ha1ve
boon1 tranlanhitedl to tils 111.try- with
other English ideas anid prac1tices, buit
without much resulte ini the4 way oft
r rcalization. 'The climiate of1 the Son'th
the very peculiar-ity that caninently dis
tinguishes it a'i a cotton country-miakes
the turnip crop too unlcertin to be ex
Stnsively reieod on. Tihe climate of
j In nland is very duiffaant nOasinanly
a crop of turnips makesi a great hit, and
we can understand what a God-send such
a vegetable must be to such a country as
England, where sweet potatoes, peanuts,
chufas, Indian corn, cotton and what not
can only be grown as hot-house curiosi
ties.
TilE CROI'S I N 'i'llE STA TI'.
Very E;neouraging Reports to the l)ep,art
tnent of Agriculture.
'rho State Department of Agriculture
Ins just published its crop report for
Tune. Thie summary is made from
pecial reports on the condition of the
rops by two hundred and forty-six
ownshlip correspondents. The average
lato of theso special reports is Julh 1.
The first part of the mouth of Juno
was dry and very hot, followed by cool
uights, which retarded the growth of
3otton, but did not injure it in fruitage.
D)uning the latter part of the monttl
3opious rains have fallen in nearly every
section of the State, and the reports
show that the percentage of condition
for May has been maintained for June,
101 per cent. for the State.
it was thought that the hot dry winds
blad somewhat injured the early corn,
but the rains in the latter part of the
nionth prevented any material injuiy to
the early crop and greatly inproved the
late corn. The condition is reported at
;7 per cent., an increase of 3 per cent.
>ver that of the May report.
Two hundred correspondents report
;he wheat crop as harvested in perfect
ondition, and one in poor condition.
L'ourteen report some rust, but not
mough to all'ect the yield or the quality
>f the grain. One hundred and nine.
eon correspondents report the quality
if the grain better than, 48 the same as,
Lnd 8 inferior to last year, and that 98
>er cent, of the entire crop is consumed
n the State. The usual average yield
or the State is reported at 9 )ushels per
crc. The yield for the year 18% was 7
>ushels, and for tile present crop 8
mnshels. TLe increase in total pimluc
ion over crop of 188I for the State is
eported at 21 per cent.
Two lundred and eleven correspond
nts report the o:tt harvested in the hest
oadition, and two in poor condition.
ine hundred and threo report the ciuali
y of the grain better than, 92 the same
is, and 22 inferior to last year, and that
1I per cent, of the crop is consumed in
he State.
The usual average yield of oats for the
-itate is reported at i bushels pclr acre.
L'he yield for the yenr 1i8 was 12 bush
;1s and for the present crop 11 bushels.
L'he increase in total production for the
state is reported at It) per cent.
The reports show that the rice crop
vas not injured bry the short drought in
ha lirst part of the month cf .i uine, and
hat it is better than it has been for aI
iumber of years. Conditiou is reported
t 97 per cent. for the State; the eanre
Is for the month of May.
The condition both of sorghum and
sugar cane is reported as good. The
oudition is reported at 98 per cent. for
sorghum and 97 for sugar cane, falling
ll' of 1 per cent, for the latter crop from
May report..
While the increase in acreage of the
nveet. potato was reported at. 2 per e nt.
>ver that of last year, the conldition has
iallen olf 5 per cent. from that for the
iontlh of May. Condition for the State,
it per cent.
'The condition of the Irish potacto Cruo)
.s reported for the State at 89 per Cent.
1galnst 97 per cent, for the month of
May.
t'o-Ediucation of Ith iR cs.
Mr. Glenn, of Whitfield county, (Geor
(ia, has introduced in the l,egislature of
hat State a bill intended to pree1t the
.3o-edulcat,ion of the races. It is entitled
''A bill to regulate the mannier of eon
lueting ediucaitionual inlstitultions ~in this
'3talte, :iunl to protect thet rights of cI)l
>r'ed and white peopkle, and prot)\ide peni
dties for the infraction of Ithis Act.'"
Lt provides that f rom and akfter thle jils
olk'e of t his Act no0 secho, e >illege or'
thecr educationdl institult ioni coniducted
~or the e3dulcationl and1 training of colored
pecople shall1 matriculate or' receive as a
iupiil any white person, nor shall1 anyk
ichool, college or other educaltional i' -
t1itution condluctedl for the education of
white people receive or mtatriculate any
?olored( pekrsoni as a )Ipil. Aniy teacher
or manager controllinig eitherl (if skid in
;titultionsi violating this Act shaltl, upon1)
'k)nvit tion, he punished un lderi Sect ionk
1811) of' the Code. .if the institutioun has
I charter, not only the teachers~i'9 but thle
I'res idenit, secretary, rlmubersi of the
board of t rustee's, or' ot' persons Jill
ng the corresponding 1)lliecs, who shal1l
knlo wingly permlfit t hiS Ac3t to he violatedI,
tre suIbj ect to indictmnent andkt pulnish
nienlt. Th'le puislhmen't provided for 1in
.1his bill is the same punkihmen1t pkrovided(
for mlisd11eeanors, a1 fine not to e3xceedI
kml thkousankd dlohllars, imiprisoinmenit not
to exceedl six months, or wor'k onl a
?ihain-ganig not to exceed twelve mlonths4,
tiy or all ill the discretion oif the CourtI.
Well-info)rmed membker's of thIe (e orgial
begislture declare that it will receive thle
ihutost unmaninous applrovall okf the up)
propriatou commIIlittee, and1( will evenktuaIlly
'ecomeo a law. Thke co0-edulcation (of
wi'te and~ color'ed cildren(1 is generailly
son1cedled fto be31 a bad thuig. ThIe col
,redl people themtselves do0 not, wish it.
his ne1w Georiguia h1w wokkld be a1 Slep in
hse light direction.
...-r - ---
Tfhe pr1opriietors8 of the All-IIling
Sprinlgs, (Gastonl county, N. C., have
nadoki evciy e'Ifort to mahoL- this resort,
ilways popkjullar, morle popui1lari thle pres4
'int seasoni thaln ever before. '1he build.
nigs are ini better' condlitionl than1 ever'
bef ore, and11 th,e manautkgemen't have great
.y inkcret ed( th ir falcilities. for' insuiriung
he comfort of th' ir guests. They hatve
'lut the Spr'.gs ink the front rankl of
4kmmter re(5>rts. Thoi Sprki igs are1 2,1500
Feet abiove s'a-level, anmd arke tded for the
ieatfh-giviing <kualitik' of fthe( water's.
A)omnonkitcationi wath the Springs is easy
Vy diferent linIes of rkailr-oad. Already
t here arc a numbnAer of arrivals at AllI
licalin, wth indIicantjiom1 fmn oo
The lhI e for prsnaion (f claiims for
the T ' 's swords has1 expiiredf, and1 the
3iim .Inly two claimos have been1 fihi d,
4ne by Mr. .\lyers8, execukt'r (of the1 TwviggM
'.tate. aun I the ofter by3 .\rs. ilowe I(L
31hedella,3 ant El3(isIthly, whko :ser3ts thlat
Gen5. T wi'' gav her il tIhe sw',ords aIt the#
ilme( hle n1514h- hi e'scape fromIt Newv Or
leant.
ANOTllER WAR STORY.
SAl ) TO 1IAVE 1LEN TOLl) IT .JEF
FERtSON 1)AVJS.
Itow the Federal (iovernneont Conspiredl,
1)uring tle Var, to have the Conifeeirate
)'reohlei,t Axsassinutell.
The Baltimore Morning Herald pub
lishes a six-column contribution giving
1n account of recent important inter
views with Jefferson Davis. In these
nterviows Mr. )avis, among many oth
r things, charges that the Federal gov
.rnment conspired during the late war
;o have him assassinated. On this sub
ect Mr. l)avis says:
''While the Confederate government
was at Montgomery, Ala., in 1861, 1 re
leive(1 an a:onymous letter from Phila
lelphia, the substance of which 1cas that
het government cf Pennsylvania had ro
eased a noted desperado from the peni
entiary u)on the condition that he
ould go to Mont1omcry and assassi
tate me, with the promise of a reward
)f $lt)1,0t0 if Ie succeeded; that after
:"( lease the inan stated that ho could not
)robably succeed alone, and gave the
tame of another convict of character
ike his own witl whose assistance he
elt sure of s ecess, and that the seconld
ortviet I;as releced to accompany the
iAt.
''About the time when this letter was
-eceived 1 1 was going from my ollice to
ny residence. .1 oiserved a man squat
ing down by the brick wail, which was
ibout three feet high and upon which
ho yard paling rested. I had gone a
ew steps before the position of this m'in
o impre .sed mne as induced me to go
and look after hint. Then walking back
oward the corner of the fence behind
vhich he was crouching, I saw him look
ng over the wall toward the gate through
vhich I was expeeted to entur, but as I
eached the corner he jumped up 1:and
an toward the rear of the lot upon
vhich my residenee stu ul, where t bore
v.is an alley. I followed him rapidly,
nt when 1 had reached the alley he had
lisappeared. The only way in which he
sould have escaped appeared to be
hrough a gate which led into my stable.
'hither 1 went and found my servant in
he loft throwing down hay, who, upon
1:quiry, it ued that anybody had come
here. lie was a servant I had raised
nt whoin, aa; I afterwartl learned, I had a
uisplaled e.ttlidence. Accepting his
tat;metnt ats true and making fruitless
;careh elsewhere, the hunt was abandon
d. But tih.; warning received was not
forgottenl. The Commissary General,
Colouel Northrop, liy friend and old
army comrade, soon thereaftvr went
with me b;y rail to Rhichmond, and wat
on the alert during the whole trip foi
the reappeara.ce of the assassin.
'"I sent the anonymous letter to Mr.
William B. .Reed, of Philadelphia, ask
ing him to make such inquiry as would
verity or dImprove its allegations. If he
evr replied .1 do not know, as commn
uie.tionn were closed soon after that.
''While in Riuineultd it was my habit
to rile out often in the afternoon to visit
the defensivy works we were conttruct
ing aroun the capital. On one occa
sion, tcet itipatiei by my aid, Colonel
\illam P'reston Joltnsoni, I had ridden
icros Cillis creek and was going up the
:reek and was going up the hill when a
rifle ball whizzed just behind m and in
Front of Colonel Johnston, who was
riding by my side a little in the rear.
Warning him to seem as if nothing had
>curredl, we trole rapilhy rotind atn uni
eCuied house, from which it was
houghit the lhot must have been fired,
mtd fronm whijch we coiild see dlistinctly
lhe grounttd over which any oe must
.mve lIed, if, after iritng, lie had taken
o Ilight. No one was visib)le. After
re turninug to the ('ity in the evening
Jolontl Jiohinstoni went to the provost
tiari.hael, who sent (lut some0 men mo re
killful than we had beeni to make a fur
lier eatrebi in tIh( house.
'"They found ini the tipper story some
lank out of the f1lor so that, they cold
)e removed, and i uderneathi that found
man with a rifle, who gave a lame ac
otiit <>f h imsel f as Iihidinug th er'e to avoid
'I)tserip)tjolt. JIis stony of beinig em
doyed at a bake ry ini the city was found
iponi_ imury unfoundedl. T1he next
(orni til 'Iwias niotifiedl that the man,
sitai a hht rietaeiner in gol, had( em'i
iloye d a hovyer to si eut a writ of
iili corpus. Aware that though ihe
intireutntial evidente mnigh t prodehie
aoral conviction, that he woul prhtl'a
>ly lie disetnirged in compliance wit the ii
viri, talal thIat thle man.1 wtas of pr'oper
ige and physical vigor' for ia soldhier, I
hireetedI lim to be sent to G eneral Leo
it Il'eter.Ibur g, w it hi ani (explantor iy note,
mid the hope that lie would be0 piut in
lie froiLtline to stop a ball initenided for
better unl. \Wiat became of hin I
iever' learned., itnatter's or larger imiport
mtiee engrossiing theI attentioni of Oeneral
uee, as wl',l as mtiystelf.
"On)i ateotheri occasionu, retiuring I rom
in afterntoon ride with my aid, Colonel
Foseplih I )avis, just as we entered the
ubturbs of .Iichmondit a shot was fired
rm behind a high f;arden wall at very
lose ranlge, hbut without lect. We rodte
ip to the wall, anid 1by rising in our stir
lips, looked over into the gardnii, bit
to, person ('o111d be seen. It was
wilighit, antd the shruibbery afforded
(lne lmeantis of coniceabuen~t and escape.
''There were meaiiy reasons blefore the
)ahilgreni raid for belhieving that efforts
neo)psistentt withI the rides (of war as
>ract isedI by ci vi I zed nations were mad e
io secure atlssassintat iton, (specially of the
>resideunt, tand to ac(luiirit information bly
pies, rente:e t and( t ransitory, aind that
argoI rewitrds were olfered for such ser
ices, menhni tg arsomi amid murder.
"none occasion whlent I wvas known
o) be triavehiig oni ai railroad to the army
tnformat ion was l>roultght by a lady, who
ud overhieard the loniversationi in a
>arn, that obistructionis were to be laced
>n the track, and the information wats
erified by a (detachnmnt setnt who found
lie obstructiolns and sorr'o United S3tate's
oldiers secreted in a br.rn near the place
vhere the train wa expected to bet
vrecked."
.Mr. D)avis gives his motives andt po'
itical statuts in 1 81, and claims that lie
tever was a dlisunionist, bit that the
:Northeirn Senators rejected at that time
very p)rop)osition that promised pacl.iflia
ion. Ito refers to B. . nutler v o
for him fifty-seven times at Charleston,
S. C., in 18160, as a candidate of the
Democratic party for President to pre
vent disunion, and declaros ho did not
desire to be Presid nt of the Confedera
cy, but took "prompt and, as he thought,
adequate means to prevent it." After
his election and inauguration at Mont
gomery all his efforts wore directed to
ward securing for the seceding States a
peaceful separation, though he never
thought of going back into Union to es
cape a last resort to the arbitrament of
arms.
Mr. Davis discusses his experience ats
secretary of war in Mr. l'ieree's cabinet
and as United ;tates Senator from Mlla
sissippi, his career as lPresident of the
Southern Confederacy, and is elo,iuenat
in his praise of (1e* l Albert hi ;ty
Johnston, LCO, Jackton and A. I'. till.
lie says A. S. Johna;ton had no neer on
either sido (luring the war, if lie ever had
in American history, and his lo: s t') the
Con federacv was irreparable.
Speaking of the seven (lays' battles
around Richmond, Mr. Davis says (en
eral Leo conceived and executed the
des>erata plan to turn the flank and rear
of McClellan's army, and a<kds that the
failurc to annihilate the 1"ederal au my
was due chiefly to the fact that ( hen r
Lee had no maps of the count ry l, low
Richmond, and that. his army moved in
ignorance of the country and wit ha guides
who for the most part proved themelves
utterly inefficient.
IHo declares that MIcClell and t eah
were the two best Federal Generals, and
if the former had been permitted to
carry out his campaign against Rich
mond as he hal plran)ned it and received
the hearty support of the Federal war
department it wuli have resulted dis
astrously to the Confederacy.
Mr. I )avis and his family are warm in
their praise of the late John V. Garrett,
and confirm Mr. (iarrt t's statement,
made before his death, of how he se
cured N r. )avis' release from imprison
ment at Fortress Monroe.
Th 1(1i-ral Finance-.
'The Philadelphia 'T'imes makes some
interesting comparisuns suaggesrtd biy
the figures for the fiscal year just clos-ed.
''he total receipts from all sources
amount to $371,380,8(.1 and the net
ordinary expenditures to $208,it,51I,1(0,
leaving the surplus revenue in exact
figures $102,861, 7(14. The total decrease
in debt for the year is something greater
than the surplus, being, less cash in
Treasury, K109, 707,ti;.
Taking up the first item---that of the
gross receipts, 3371,380,81 - -it is great e
than the receipts for 186 by nearly
=35,000,000 and has been exceeded buat
tw..ce since 1872, the total receipts of
1.52 and 1883 being S l(3,525,2:;) and
$398,287,58t respectively. 'Ihe reccilpts
from customs reached 8217,-10;i,:l, an
increase of nearly twenty-four millions
over l886 and with one exception the
largest amount received from this source
in the history of the gor l:nnent. 'T'he
customs receipts of 1582 exceeded those
of last year about three millions. The
receil)ts from internal revenue were
$119,136,418; from sales of public lands,
$7,500,000, and from all otier sources,
$27,3 10,4th;.
'T'he net ordinary expnditures,
amounting to $2-4,5 1t, 190, exceed thust
of 1886 about 2a;,00011,000 and are greater
than for any year since I :75, whena they
reached $274,023,392. The interest oni the
public debt is the lowest since the close
of the war, having bcen reduced froiu
$113,781,591, the highest point touched,
in 1866, to $17,711,920 in the year just
closed, a reduction of nearly a haundre 1
millions. As an offset to the decreasing
interest charge the disb uarsemn:ati f'iar
petimons reached iigh-water nark,
having amounted to $75,,5;8, 719. 'I he
ludians cost 80,253,t.-15; the Navy 1Dc
p)artmlenlt, $1 5,053,279; the W1ar' I)epart
Inent, s..'8,502,5:t;, andI the civil 1am1l mis
ecllaneous list, 85, 158,00;1.
Ini view of the fact 11imt, all thme hiids
(111 anid ava ilable for1 palymenti, lmve been1'1
calledl and will soon1 be paid, the que's
tien of whamt to do w ih th 11r2 th1anl l~I
one hundred millions of annuital surpluis
certain to be( realized fromi existing rec'e
nue1~ laws becomifes ax v.ry pressming one.'
No miore bonds cani be calle'd u t-il the
$2.50,0001,00l0 of four amd a hall lper cents
become due in i91 1. 11 the4 preserl I uri
plis were allowed to pile up iuntil that
timeal there wold b e enough1 to pay ''
the hobnds then availalde and( 411 mit a
[maniy more14. Ibit the next Ibond(s avail
able ft playmnit '1ue tile s77(1;,00,l0 of
four p- ent', wh1ichl are not payahmb!
until I10/.
A rediuctioni )f Ltxation 01 1hu 111 12
imlperatilive, :s it wo1'uldl certainly be Is
on 4111 sort" ''f wil<l schemes wca b
demorallizigd in ti: Ixt renw.0 Soon ia )
niay be jud1l1iiusly11) apied to in1Ucasinfi
our navly and per feetinrg ouri ei.'t d1
fenses, but the( son thait i huldl be4 spet('
for thlese purposscl ( shoi ld not i. irg
in any one year. '.H .1 hert way to <hs1
pose0 of a good( inanliy ililionis o)1 te sur
1p114s is to le'Iave it ini the peL''a ts1 of the
taixpayer's,
Hlave found thlat the'ir omthlit' ex
cessive' duities produce a1 low, wecak, tired1
and)1 treuilouis state of' tihe systim, niid1
that ironi restores richu l an1 11114dlor to
the blood(, clalisalyal ba1rk a1 ntuirid healt hi -
ful tone to the digestive organls, and42
phlosphorous mildly htimnulaitis flie
brain- -all 1ombl,inedl inl Dri. Halirter's
froni Tonic.
'Tul LiONiMoN ihwilsr' gives t prices'
palid at dliIfer'ent tine(s for seat1s to1 view
the royaIl ptrocessionis. Ini the14 t ime of
Edawatrd I. it was one-hlf cent1.; on the
necession104 of Richiard .11. it was two (c'nts.
F"rom the coronatti oif Iliiry V. to
that of H enry VII. it was four (cen tt;
hut in the tune of lI enry VIII. 11he
charge was1 ('ight ('emnts; iin thaiit ofl F" a
het) it wias twelve con1t41, and1( 4 wenl1-If' ir
een:111 wasl plaid for aI seat to v'w the'd 4
coronation pIrocesstionl of .11ame1 . .ixtIy
4'eniti was paid1 inl the time or (A'.rles 11.
and $1.20 in that of Wiliiam 111. At
the( coronlationl of Georgo II. till pIrice
had risen to 32.50I, and at that of (George
I V. peo de' were atonUlished to 1hear1 that
f rom $'25 to $50 was paidl. But at the
recent processin $4,000 wats paid for the
windows of one house.
All fr<sh: '' say, miy nu1in, 414) 1104
grael fresh?" "O(1% yah;)u tches p'icke."
s in +l)11 eno Up O, on' r alnt Whlit n
li( Iti"(n":tt a Candldlatt..
(I',mu th, I'htilatd,IlhIa Tlmes )
'T'ho mention of the name of Lieuten
ant Gotral Sheridan in connection with
the itplblicltn nomination to the Pres
idency recalls a seral> of secret. history i11
the nom1ilnation of General Grant. It
will be romemered I trtha int the latter was
very teterindutI in his opposition to
leaving the army for a civil place, even
it it were the highiiest. The politicians
haul wrestlcd with him in \aiu. 'lhe
silent \ igils of the sentries wllo paed
Iiglht an: day up and down in front of
Ills residn(tce onl I Street saw lilcn like
Si mon01 tiuk("t in, Zauh nUldalher, Charles
Sinter ml:d thle distingiushed "coterie of
Senttoriati oligarchs of those days pas
ing in to plead as a reason for entering
the leers congenial walk; of civil life, the
extrenait it( 'i tl i(e)ublliCal party and
of their i1ahility to nominat a iunau who
could give theun the same assurance of a
pe)rpituat ion of panty domination as
would llis caidtiday. The hero of the
war had declincdt all overtures.
The defection of Andrew Johnson in
his relations to the Iparty which elected
him and his i st with General (raut
trev Shberitllt into the cont roversy.
Part of the .1olulonian policy was the
comip lete withdrtatw:l of lniilitairy inter
fertence in the civil iiiI is of Iihe Stat s
Ietrr'ing fromn rebhlli~nIIc into timi
conetit 1iial,d ihttons to tue surt;l lt
laower. As at part, of his policy he ri
iloveti ( ieniertl Sheridtan from coltlluim d
at New Orleans andl practically retired
hiun from any active p)articip)ation in
lnilitalryatlhirn. 'ihe result Wits a inai
tary intrigue, in which the overruled
oflicers took an imp)ortlnt part. Sheri
dam, who lul the contidence of (inltd
and who butt often been his counselor,
had already hcen conferred with by tii
lepublii)';ut leaders and united his intlu
enec with theirs in e1'orts to win (iraut
over to an rccep)taucet of the Iepublican
lt(truinailll.
It mv1s iIritlutn who1 Iuado the tir:t
ill,l!'si ot1 11) 11 (i iaits lii l I,y poitt
i1g t,Il t;) iji t the intl:gliities putl y the
1.'tit l,'t: tt,t,ii ti Ii,( olurs- s whlo wce
pl)atct'ti 'II !t,iuium 1y itu ii i i l aitltaiLI
i1t t ' ' 1 i ' t .) 1 oI11d iI (-ougr( -
sitet!:I il iti oia; that it was at ditty l,
owed l:1 thl, arm7y to celntribute to iii,
vinitaion. ThIi pa,rtu cunstidert
tionls \\tr l'' (( te l "\' iii ( i1'.llt's in ilal,
b);i I11,: 11'11,a ll ': i t h - l )l' in. bhI' :l Iult
their ( ltrt t :tl1 ' t l 'ie 'ii Riep1ublicant
ati.itult .
Ann so ,ig i ll: li at a.- ot ( irtlit, an I 't" -
i-lit u a Is pm , ilotl. ; I Sieritlata to
I9 I enn' I '"t,'1;l im I! I.b', ;nltd his r'la'.
si 1itltlit to al c.ltlstanti at . !1 U .
k'aus. i i ; !tarecr thmery ... It ('. fll in.ll
it': whhI the, liu llup'iev !'. n 'h l6
I,iicltanl i~trty ha-t lit:.a a,im< t ill it
trettn it i! fi the( u'anwnten q uesitic,rt
involvedl 1il till r,i liih tltion of tita
1.uin :t th. 1 i t the solvtd is..
of Itie v\' .
I i: '1 (' 1. a i;i.
'l'h i,l t ,i talallalat , i!i:.a a tl,taat
Tilh at i vi ofulu A lanjta a f lp t
ft:.i:asi,.
i n a'sai :., ,J dk I! --t li I t Itd r
l)orts havinllg rt Itbii .1'lerval I init ht
ofintal citiait in to a aa i. arle*tar
wi'wl e,,lh lt uhlt il i a I t i iprin , 111
1\it1o a 1 tatt i;s1x 1I11It \a l l' 1a,1 1i , 111p 1nga ,
(:l 1r:," 11 llt 'l t \',iit ,l tib e \'t :ih ' iii
lillckt,it, lIvet tl I an h ho i r1', wher('ts
sliitt s ' ht:eI ti I t ' Ii thae hut i a (101111
of her rt'.slen it.' at iT'(e rl i tirem y uars
ht rt a a. rlitlgioIn procet':sion goil g
i wvhielb, Iaccordlinlg to ol d al;tonj it:i,
talen phle 1 r tlw 'e (nt i iVery setc
ond Il sal;y in J ly. t in-: prias s;",11,
wistal it tS t, l aulit a t'1 i vniana,
proceaded a u. sa >te hpla h
fraiom etaidow, hah mb' by thin ars,~
her-1. ae ina lotnig nladl!o ahat heroln
h iaai i lIh.caly a he I aa pealldLwt ll
ataii a Li :( : tl' ute mltai t u .tlao I:q,
auitb-a she beh..v:St beaai it t ilot.
lhe were a- the vtime of Maiit tlin'
Onrvi the p:itg dat ac tatue~ aihel
(aoddedzt alr ,i Vgi alenly tin at dliaae,
nyeIca a,ai Swe ltea proc
aiahler iyea bullStaSiut hrapeanice ii'.
I .I I w tin ro - Ia i ti n - i s b
Smit ngll won -I tthe ti ia I btt r.ljuit
vlit her it he l a aatpen in ati i%ry is,
Iu e no'' lo I c:tre ta *al Cta lt
riving, : i-<d i [ t iy i w
Carott kI Irl gt I m ii . lL t i n ua
of Ih guei ' ttbb I)r it t reen
a 1rt and t-i- :n. abou ,ta t n ia dom bar
In of 1 : 1-. li n ie- knotaullaLtrel -
Iuen ,II a tiib lI a It-u rei overyI~li. ~is
Ila rke .rto1ayda nb.
lilrit:n acuast ~ t>n o ~nioirli
b tNotiail I iS olo Preekritin at
ii. te ab1) twelltne ill iregaity ieNu
barin iiu Si ttnatimnre --ti Iali feve
"!tial (t.uiui andat hrios h-n toe 'hanecronI
dI a: a . liei I re e arst oledo. a lt i
I u:o sbeems tobac ohding o uie in l
thielhaar eeent tlsre hai tin som te ti,
gresy,13 doI-ieia inl the lit of111 Ne
leor, i rix they morei wa timling of11
atthe abire wand tmist. of therodrt
heOiLg less than ieers od prtcn phul
lnthopy thesoaing of chlildrtIefnot te
all sadl prwtra e.Brlyteei
Ira a tight box-Sardines
WIlY ThIEY WITHDREW.
TIlE SECESSION FROM THE SOUTH
CAROLINA DIOCESAN CONVENTION.
Roviow of the CauMe of Difference that
Led to Their Withdrawal--The Question
of Admitting Colored Delegates to the
Convontion.
CHARLESTON, S. 0., July 12.-The
committee appointed by the clerical and
lay delegates who withdrew from the
iiocesan Episcopal Convention in
Charleston last May have completed their
statement of the causes which led to
withdrawal. It is signed by ox-Secretary
C. G. Memmingor, Edward MoOrady,
Jr., W. St. J. Jorvey, W. C. Benet, C.
E. Rt. Drayton, and will make a pamph
let of about sixty pages. The committee
begin by sketching the history of the
dividing questions during tho last twelve
years, and contend that it shows that the
position of the lay delegates with regard
to the admission of colored clergymen to
the diocesan conventions differs from
that of many of the clergy, not in prin
ciple, but in expediency. In 1885, the
(question took the shape of an assertion.
of the right of all the clergymen on the
right of all the clergymen on the bishop's
list to seats in the convention independ.
ent of the action of that body and by
virtue of the clergyman's office. The
subject was avoided the next year, but,
came up in the convention last May, not
not as a matter of principle only, but as
involving the question of the admission
of colored clergymen to the church
councils. The bishop having ruled-not
withstanding the refusal of the conven
tion to confirm the report of the corn
miuttee on the clergy list-that the con
vention was duly organized for business,
and having ignored the refusal of the
convention to sustain his ruling, dissi
dents had no choice but to submit, pro
test, resort to parliamentary expedients,
or withdraw with dignity. They accord
ingly withdrew from the convention.
It is recognized by the committee,
however, that the point to be determ
ined is whether the admission of colored
clergymen to the convention was con
temaplated in the constitution of the
church. They contend that it was not,
and that this "is the first attempt in the
history of the church to make the church
other than a national church-that is a.
church of race." They believe the seat
ing colored clergymen in the convention
to be not only unconstitutional, but dan
gerous, and in this relation recall the
resolution of Mr. Prentiss in 1875, as
serting the right of exclusion. The res
ohitions of the standing committee on
the Saltus case, in 187, recognizing the
differences of the races brought together
in thi diocese, and the report of the
bewance Conference, in favor of mis
sionary organization, because of the
peculiarity of the relations between the
I WO rlCes.
I t is argued that there is no danger,
whatever, to any of the social barriers
between the races, if the colored people
ho taken into the councils and the
churches as equals of the whites, but the
coUnuttee are confident that the actual
and practical result would be to force
negro social equality upon the people.
The duty and responsibility of the
church in the Southern States, in regard
to colored people, is lully recognized,
but there is no call "to take them into
our councils."
In conclusion the committeo give their
reasons for holding that there was no
legal convention in 1887. They claim
that the election of the standing comn
nuittee, and the attempted alteration in
thle constitution were ''void and of no,
eifet, even had the legality of the
b)ihop)'s ruling not otherwise vitiated its
'The imiportance of congregations rep
resented( by the dissidents, who with
drew from the convention, is shown in
an unmnistahkable way. Those who with
drew rep)resented more than half of all
personn connected with the church, and
inore than half of all communicants.
They represented, also, p)arishos which
isay nearly two-thirds of the convention's
expecnses; miore than two-thirds of the
b)ishop1's fundi, and nearly two-thirds of
the contributions to missions. T1he comn
nuittee say, thait in w.ithdrawing from the
conivention, they did not withdraw from
the church. It is for the laity to do
terniu whI at their future course shall
be. They will not impair their conneo
tion with the church by withdrawing
item union with the convention. They
cani, it they choose, send deputies with
I m !rueu:Lonp to abandon the position
which has been takeni, and in admitting
the colored element to the church coun
cils "brave the dangers" from which the
<hlidntstt shrink. hBut, if the laity do..
:iro that the right to pass upon the
clergy list shall b': awandoned, Usa' must
choose to repr'.sent them other deputies
than those who withdrew from the co .
vention of 1887.
Tirtet,avMuak.
'To y ieldl to iniizuaterial trilles,
l j' > ook fo r perhection in our 'own actions.
'lo endueavior to meto I al disp,ositions
alike.
Toc exp)ect uniiforitiy of Opinion ini thuis
world.
Tou expeet to be able to understand every
thing.
To look for judgment and experience in
youthi.
'To mleasure the enjoyment of others by
ouri own.
To believe onily what our Uinite minds
;ani grasp. ifri
. NoJu to mam:ke aullowances for the itri
Des5 of others.
'ho w'omry ourselves and other /'ith what
ann: ot be remieiceo,
ITo u ansidoer ever-ythinlg imupossible that
we c':anot perfona.
Not to aleviate all that needs alleviation,
u Jr as5 lies ini our1 power.
"our own standard of right and
wrong andu judge people accordhingly.
I Had a Dhrendrul (oogh,
Aolu raised a considerable amount of'
bloodu and matter; besides, I was very thIn,
and1( s, weak I could scarcely go about the
blous. '.is was thue case of a man with
consMiupion arising from liver complaint.
tic recovered his health complel by .lhe
use ofIi r., Pilerce's "Golden Medical DI)s
tctv v. 'l'hiousand of ethers bear simihm~