Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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VOL. X V. PI(' hEINS, S. G., Th lURISDAY, AUGUST 19,vr rrro 86. NO. 47. .JONSUN'S ISLt. I) '' A P'EN PI?'TUl: OF T'll, (:it1:.1'T .lonTt'il IIit I n ?-o. 'Iii, Pirate of Lake ICrik' -'ie hei.zure" of n Iate htennier by a Hn il of (ot Iederni ite -n pathimzerT-'he IFnlure of 'hiir 19:: 't'he ChIef of li' Crew, le. (I.rtn tlo Atlanta Conutit.ution.) Johnson's island, now an historic sjiot, lies four miles from the city of Santhisky, Ohio, in the midst of as beuattiful a sheet of water ns can be found on the lakes. Seen across the blue waves, its green slopes relieved by the ptils of white limestone, it presents a hvely pie turo. 'T'lho highest is perhaps lifty lect above the water level, and is near the center of the island, which is ine mile long, a half wide, and contuins :00 acres. In the days long siiice departed, it was covered with a magnificent growth if o.k and maple, and was a favorite resort of the Indians, who then thronged all the lake shore. The waters which v:tsh its shores were alive wit ih black 1 ass, pickerel and perch, and contiinlie su to this day. The soil is full of indiai relies, aud in one corner is 2inl old lItltit bnuying r ground. Many weird legends of lutiditis' ghosts are still extant, and would bear telling. For years the ishnd was owned by one Bull, and it was called after himii. The first custom-house for this prtt was located on the island at one tinwe, and the foundations are still to 1be seen. in 1852, 1. B..Johnison b ougiht the ptrolwr ty, and still owns it. hii i1 a depot for Confederate prisonrs was wanted, andti the government leasetl the island, which at onre sprting into inoriet y as Johnson's Island. 'i tlt thee but lit tle of it was under cultivat i, aid the improvements were of tI I irimni tive character. \V. T. \' , of this city, was awarded the ctriai:tet ort iuild ing quarters ftrtto e p isi i t s t i g:tts, and from that tine, until tih close of the war, it was the scene of Coistatit activity. January 1, (2, mLany A, of IIotnian's lattalioni, to lok o po ssion for the government; later ('om ianis I1, C and 1), same attalion, were adldetl, and in 1863 six i iscellaieous comp:1)aiies. ''he whole was erected into o:n houttiretl and twenty-eighth 0. V. I., ii the hitter part of 1861. h'lie Ii rst pns c tolnaiani' Wias Mfajor W. S. 1.'iieon, :titerw:tIl brevet brigadier general. ('oao l (hat. W. Ilill, (eierial T'1'rr- itnd \hijor Leoc were successi\-ely his eltne ,o rs. 'T'he troops on the island were enili:ted spe cially for this particulair er\ice, atnl sonie of thi iiiovcd their f:m5ili(s to lthi prisoln, ant soon a schu-l:iuuse itlit church were erected. April 9, 1862, the first instilhtant of prisoners arrived. Tli's! i'n were nearly all privates, but as the great se curity of the prison lecane ki> twi, only ollicers were sent to the isl,uis. From the first arrival until itle elose of the var there was a constantly varying 2uliii ber of Confederates on the' ihal: . Some times as high as 3,llt)) were unidatergutid, the total nitumber coitiied :g_regatiig 15,000. Many died, and Snill a lii tle cemie tery of sonic 4ll) graves wa tbitliIted in a bauitiful grove on t lie ': ern etiil of the island. Cmronmles of the leccasetI whiled away days iii carving clti)or:tte woodenu head hoards for their dal tont rales, tan1d some of them, exteitedt with ordinary pocket cutlery, still reamain ex 4luiit exalnplts of :tuIttenr taleit. t'ur someC reatson1, the dleled. of a lest (ausNe lve tevre, wit It Iwo or Ililt a cx ceptions, given tlie pa :mi y a ttention, andI butt for the kindness if the ( . A. it. Post, the Itonely buriy inug spiot would lhe lost in a mass of unidergriwlh. As Catnada hilled up1 wmih Sten 3.mplathiz.ers, it was~ dheine be1;st ho bring' addtitionial troopsi: iio tIe jElain!, and1. to erecet stronig fortificationsi, the ruins of which stilt remiain in almoost p)erfect condition. Evenx the maogazines of the forts are in such a statet oif pre servation as toi admit tif inuite explorat tioni. From time to timie ro'iios tof 'ani atthick from the Caianiii shnore were heard. It was said that at strnnberfre wouldi comeO froml ( atlh, release the prisoniers, antd stizinig thei ammliuniitmin aint (ialion oif the forts, foin 2221 invad} ing army toi burn'L Toledo, Sanidtisky, (Clevelandt and thle Iak' por'ts. Tihie warsiup 2doiich tig:mi was pumt on gualgd ait(i every liteationI tken to 4 1)prOyvli suirlrise. the various rumorsii, was subl-mpwitnt ly provenCi by the cap~turet anid tx'cuitiion of John Rleali, soimetimies spellh.d "eaili. Ile wias born2 i.n Virgiia, bIing a ntive of Jeff'ersoan county, whiiichi was in then is the 'oluty seatt. .1l2 wias a laigie laind owner, antd possessed ii 2f alt- ehi.tcaliib cation obtained att the Uiverisit v oii * Virgiia. At the br'eakinig iiut of) thei w:i Iho orgaizeiii~d (5 (Compan tiy, Sectn iiiI . V. . ., wuhich later becao e a iat of Stonie wvall Jackson's faninms 1heigadei. D)uring the latter pat of Ii; I a:ll I Ia cities onl Laike Eric were great ly agi taited. Th'me streets wire liut rIlini, ail 4. e~very p)o.5ibilo precaution titkeni a gaim 2au mivasionx from the Notrthi. 'Ii h whoh boirdler wa conivulsedi. 01 (io hadi sei thiousa*nds of solidiers more thn bi qiutai to then front, anid nonin were lift It guard her uniprotected lake frionmt. I yeemed a practicable schieme to sendi im 4eeitio)n friom Canada to battert diowi the J1Mke ports, and11 5 ireadt trucItim) thronghiout, north l lichiigan, ()hiai Pennisylvantia andi New Yorkl. Jiaeidi Th'lompsI)on .waut* in CSanadah, innd to hi1 fertile b)ram21 t a lot of iduits wilt charged. The only war vessel on th<t lakes wats thme Michiigani, cari eighteen guns. I1er regular station anm winter qliurters haive ahvays~ btein iat th<t port of Eric. It was agreed tlmtt if sin were (V,lptured a very smalltt body of iae could with but little dhtinlty ravagt thxo frontier. In the early part tif Sep te3mber, 1.81, she was lying bietweci ,Johnson's Islandl anid Handuisky. TJh< air was usually full of rbmaors at thin time. The Knights of the (Gohlen Cir, ,e in Indiana, were re)portetd to bie ii th pot to seize the island. Main ' citi zoe11.Ot %ndusk(y wereouspecteid. Natiur alhly the p4yQf islamiit wias the center o .all thought. A steamer could: e;ro)m from Canada it a few hours. .Cn winter tihe io formnet sulliciently strong to allow a1n army t ma,;rch from Sandusky to tho island. 'lit early Septebner days diagged slow lv along, full of fear and trembling. TIh 19th nroved to be the day of fate. The l'lilo .'arsons, a passenger steamer ply ing between Sandusky and Detroit, stopling at P?ut-in-Ia?, left )etroit ear Iv i theo nlorning. 1'1 first sto) O tho )etroit river was at Sandwick, a small Canadian town. hero a quartet of men cane on. At Malden, a short distance' further dOwn, a score more 1oarded thu steuncr. Suveral of the 111(11 catrriedlargc valises, but the muost conspicuous p)i(o of baggage was a great oid-iashioned trunk, secured with ropia and :;ciingly very heavy. Still there was noth ing att il suspicious about cith cr the en1 or thieirl traps. At other points (own the river passengers were ttkIen up until w1'hen theI Parsons came to thec (ock att h'lly's Islandiil, sone four teen nlies fromt Sandusky tnl ten miles fron the island, she had atn unusually lar'ge tassenger list. Th1te clerk happen ((d to he in charge of the boat, the cap tain iing ofl for the day. When the boat haid got c!car of the island, andtcl was fully on her way to Sandusky, four men si(11)d u)p to tile clerk, andt at the point of revolVer5 co1pelled his surrenlder. 'H' trimk was )irst openl and relieved of its load of revolvers and bowie knives. 'he lot carried Io armament, and had but a few hands to work her and the task of securin1g possession was trilling. Under the direction of the leader of the cols)irators, they cruised about idly for S)111e timec, then put into Middle Bass Isaud. As she lay here the Island Qu eeini, passenger packet, plying between the islands and Sandusky, ran alongside, andl threw out a plank to discharge her passengers. Instantly sh1e was seized by the plotters, who fired volley after vol ley, but did 11o damage. Captain Orr, of the (,)ueen, atteml)ted to cast ol' the ro)e, b ut Was prevented. The engineer refused to obey the orders of the cap tors, and received a severe wound ill the check, from a revolver fired by some tn k litp\Vi)arty. The passengers, inelud ing fifty one lundred day len, on their way to Toledo to be mustered out, wer' 1)mt in the hold. Captain Orr was close Iy (uestionled as to the situation in San dusky, the numbers of strangers in the city, and the excitement existing, but lie ab solutely refused to talk. The nunber of people on1 board was too great, and it was decided to put the women and clihliren ashore, together with the one Imnd (lay mecn, who were paroled. hlt' Queell was then taken several imiles out to sea and sunk. From the tuns ttled conduct of tle raiders it was (vilenut to Captain ()rr that some part of the plmi haid mtiseairied. The mn11t in c1- aion itd w as Ibail 1. his appearance was such ats to excite remark, lore es1o ciatlly as his followers were a partieula~rly meu an lccking act. ''h is wits strikingly the c:ase l the )ersonl of John Burley, who Wais second inl conunland. 'heo fol lowing progralmme is outlined from a docntent in the Confederate archives, 1 repared by Jacob Thompson. icall was to lead the water part of the sclitme while a manl named Cole had eliairge of the land end. Cole was to (ither overpower the oflicers of the \l icba~ tn, or to throiv tem ol' their gtatd. At a given signal .leall was to sitam rapidly in and calpture the ship. A eaaiiiaom ball sent. sercaning acr'oss the island was to be the signal for the u p) risoners to rise and overpower their guards. Sandusky was to be sacked a d T'loledo, Cleveland and Ibl'falo were to sutller a like fate. The prisoners were to go to Cleveland and from tait point, stealing horses wherever they could, lash across the State to Wheeling, W. \at. .1hitt Ctole failed, andl(1 SO did the plot 1) capture Jolson's Island(l. .eatll at last saw thle gameu was up antd startetd for Itle islaindsa. The boat was uirgedt fo wardt at a terrilic rate. Sile stopped long en'iou'h to landit her catini anid crew ad thlin pirtceedted to [he Canadtiain shitore whtere she was s.tmt to thie bottom. Alaniy of thie islanuders, fearful that the p lot woldt succeed, had, diuring the day, tdesitroyed muichi of their pIropety. Thte texciteiment which ntext daiy followeod the txposure~ oif thie plot wa~s wonderful, iand fotr the time11 overtopped115 the Presidential camlpaignt wich wits then at white heat. Th rene nionthis later Hleall was cap)tured near t.he Siuspensiont Bridge, at Niagara FIaills, anid ltocked up. it was discover'ed that an attempil lt was being maide ttol ie thle turiikeyv, .3,00 hatlivinug been otll'ertd hanii toI re ease H eallh. Thte prisoner wais then'i placeed ini contneent att FJrt Lafa hyett t. One ,J. 5. B1 rady itapete for IBealhl iat his trial. The defendntit was charged with being a spy; with at temp1t ing [to wieck ai 1Alke Shotre tratini, for the puirpose o)f robbery, anti with [lie It'lonioius seizure of vessels. Beall's de louse wits wecak, lhe adlmitting very muchi iltt was5 charged against himi. One tf thei feat uires of [t ecase was a mianife'sto lirom. delferson Dlavis, declining that the :a;ts oin [lie border weie committed by hiis torders, andt shouild be recognizedl as lawful iacts of wrart. Reall was decliared sa etc, the prisoner was tordereto ( lbe a'eiien ted (n overnor's .Isliandt, te resi deneno of the late (Generai Hiancock, I;; chnr 16 his The niight ibefore the dy setfor i dath, itall wrtitea ttouchiing ltetter to his brotheri, mi wvhiich h' clahametd [ithat e was unaauro (If havt ing ( toiji It ii any crime iagiinst society. ganiteda ititesp ite uiitil Feblruary 24, whitni the 1prisotnnr was executed, without shiowiing te slighitest sign of lear. Thle p lt per'iliunig to the shore wiis truiastted to latjr C. 11. Colec, who, the heti try to, concail his purpo~tste, wans ligur ig as lt a titil-,ts ti-,loi merhanvt. I i it stp wias tto obtai ans itode tion to they olle e, os of thili ii , Tis idotneg, iie r 11t wasn esy nud muone lyny hT'iihpo,tdlh.tcr we"r awy in vtllig s n-n t psamth eviein Xl, hning aterilo s da li 't'i'ethi emt'fetl pader and the nerscless, the' mostielesgatnt sutpp r ti chIicis wroet ind ias, and nogusts were loeei morle oallyr wenertaned.r nit' Fo ~ppr atime everything wnt5 smpr o them. 'The wine hadl been drugged and wlieii by this means they had been rca dored helpless, a signal had been arrang ed to notify 3eall that the time for the attack had tome and everything was ready. But in the meantime Cole's actions and movements had been so closely watched that suspicion had grown into a certainty, and in the very Inoneint of success ho was arrested by order of the commander of the Michigan, Captaint Carter. Among Cole's accomplices in Sandus hy was a woman named ''A uie )avis," who was a ''most cal)tivatilg creature.'' In order that he might make good his escajpe at his exanlttion, Cole impli cated some of the most lroulinclt citi zens of Sandusky. For some1 time Cole was held as a prisoner on board the N ichigan. le was tient removed to the island, where after petitioning a nunlber of times for pardon, he was transferred to Fort .Lafayette. In September, 1s65, lie w as granted a release, and is now supposed to be resident in Texas. Onto the island there camne during its occupancy about 15,000 p risoners, ltost of wlom were exchanged, while otlers took the oath of allegiance. Two, Car bin and McGraw, were shot in retalia tion for executions iii the South. Nich ols was hung as a desperadot aid Ia sp)y. One was shot in an attempt with others to scale the stockade, with ladders made of boards taken lrom their quarters. Ono, by one of the guards, for getting over the ''dead line.'' Two hundred and twenty died of disease. One, a Union deslerter, was shot, and six, including Major Styles and Captain (lusnan, for refusing to take the oath. Lieutenants McBride, Robins and Cole, togethcr with 11. B. Esteps, a Union deserter, were also shot. The prisoners remain ing September 7, 1 80l5, were sent by order of the war department to Fort Lafayette, and the island was directly abantdoned as a military post, the dis charge of both prisoners an d troop)s hav ing been constantly going on from the surrender at Apponattox. Till: ('F 1Fi.: i. '1':TIS ili. tgIl;. .\u InltereMlnth_ tirn '1'hnt FollomerI Ihe Fall of litieImonti. (1 rcrn an Art'cie by Oi'n. llnke in Autu.t Bivounc on the F.ill or itichlaond.) It was deterlinled that we should re sume our march that night for Washing ton, (la., one or two days' march dis taut, and orders were issued 1by (leneratl Itreekinridge that we niove at mi1idnight. About It) o'clock 1 received a message from (lenral IreckinriiIge that he de sired to see ihe ilumediately. I went to his quarters, and lie iiformted Ime tlutt tlh treasure which had been brought ftrou Biclmltond was at the railr 'ad sta tion, and that it was lecessary to pro vide for its removal and t.ransportatiotn. lie instructed ae to p)roculre a silulicieit rnumber of wagons to remove it, and to dctail a guard of fifty men inder a ield ollicer for its protection. lie further in formed me that there was between $500, 0Ot) and ;000,000 ini specie lie did not know the exact amnount--the greatte, lart gold. I must, he said, personally super intend its tranisfe'r from the cars to tlh' wagons. This was not a very agreeal e duty. ] rep)resented that if no one knew just what sum of money was tihere, it would be rather an nl1Ieasalt responsibilit.y to impose on the p arty who was to take charge of it. 1 would have no opportunity to count it, nor possible means of ascertaining whether the entire amount was turned over to Inc. lie resloided that all that had been considered, and bade me proceed to obey the order. I detailed fifty picked mnen as guard, and put t hiem iunde Icioma mnand of Coldonel Thieophiilus St cele and four of miy best suibalterns. .1 obtinied six wagons, and, proceeding to thle sta tion, b egan at once the task of remnoviing the treasure. 1.t was ini charge of some (of the former Treasuiry clerks, anid was packed in muoniey belts, shot bags, a few small iron chests, and all sort-s of boxes, soin of them of the frailest descriptioni. In this shapc I found it loaded in opien b ox ear1s. I staltionled sentries at the doors, and, rummaging thriough the cars by thea faint light oIf a few tallowv candles, gath cred up all that was shown mae, or' all that 1 ,coIuld lind. Rathier miore than ani hour wVas consumed in Inakinig the trans for from the (cars to the wagolis, and1( aifter the latter h ad been01 starlted oIl andkc hnad gotten half a mnili' away, L Ait. dJihni 1k. Cole, one of the olliers' of Ithe guardi, rode up to me wit h a pine bo~x, whichi may haive held .92,000) or .'3,t)0) ini gold, on the pommlilkel of his saddlle. lie lad remained after the others had left, and, ferreting about in a car which we thouight we had tIlo roughily searched, haid (dis covered this 1box st ucek in a eornetr imid closely cove(red up with ai piece (If sack inig. On the next day, G eneral ireckina ridge directed mie to increase thle giiai to 20) 01e and1( take charge of it in pier soIn. I suggested that inste'ad (if compoils inig it entiirely of meo fiom mybigade, it. should bie conistit uted of let ails froini all five. 1I thouighit this ihe biist plan to allay any little feeling of jealousy that mliyh t arise, kind insure1 ai ni>ri peirfet vigilance, as I felt pers~uad ed thI at thI ese details wouildl(l 1 calrefuilly watchl each oather. 31y suggest ain was aop teid, Ne(arly the (entlire guard was kept. coin stanitly (Il (duity, (liy and niight, anId a mlajority (If the whole escort was gener lally about the wagonsli at every halt, closely inaspecting tIlie guard. At the Saviannaih River, Mr i. Da)ivis or dered that the silver coin, annanlliting to one hiundired and (eighlt ori till thousand~ll dllars, lie paid to the troops~iMIl in i partial dischairge (If the arrearils (If pai~y dui e I hem1. TIhe Quartermnaster o'S(f thle several 1brig adehs were engaged dinl'g th eiodnor night ill counIting ouit tIle mlonov, andi a tjiriing of soldiers surrounded the little ei n whlere they were dividing '"tIle pile'' inito thieiir relspective <piiotas unitil early dawn. The sight (if so1 limeh1 moniley siieied to bailsh isleep]. My 1brigadec re reilvedl 332 per capita, otlicers and m nen p aid th at sum11, and1(, for the pulrpolse, wask lorn on11 ill ro10 ill oIf the brligaide. On the neixt day, at W'ashingtoni, I tuIrned iver the re'sidiue of the( t reaisure toI \l r. M. II. Clarke, act in g Trielasurier of the Ciinfederate States, aind experienceed a feeling of great~ relief. S/. Kc,iirli. te.lls of a1 dog t hat canl ((ount. ple have 5seen111 snake that is an adder'. ALL A1I('T I'iiE: ('IOP8. 'T"ae' Crops in tle stite, the ('ottott Crop, and the ('rops in the ;nited ttatc. Tie State )epartment of Agriculture las received 257 special relorts, cover ing every county in the Stnte, on the condition of the crops, and furnishes the following suinary of these reports: co-rWrv The unfavorable seasol.s hi Juno and July retarded the growth of cotton. The CXCeSSiVe ainns caused vigorous growth of gr ss, and the crop was greatly in jured in removing it. The reports of August 1st show that the plant is small and poolly fruited. A slight improve nienat is noticed on some of the red clay hidals over" condition on July 1st, but on light, gray sandy soils the condition is reported lower than for the previous mtonth. ii some loealities the crop has sufTered for rain. Theio reports, with few exceptions, are unfavorable. '1Te correspondents generally concur in the opinioni that a larger yield thnan is now anticipate.i will b rea'lized if the fall is late. The condition on the 1st of August is: Ini ttpper (';roliiua, 62; middle Carolina, ;;; lower Carolina, 73. Average for the State, 67. (Ol(N. Upland corn, where it has been well worked and fertilized, is reported in fine con(diti)1, but iii soie sections the crop oni guidy lands has been injured by ex cessive rtins. In nniiy places the cr0) on bottoms was totally destroyed by the spring floods, and only a part of these lands was rephuaited. The condition is reported in upper Carolina at. 65; middle Carolina, 74; lower Carolina, 83. Average for the State, 71. IU(0'E. The reports on the condition of rice are generally . fIavorabl(', (xc('pt where it has been inijured by the freshets. Ii (heorgetowIn county, on1e of the corre spondents estiates that one-lhalf of the erop his beeien (lestroyed. The condition is reported at S t. OT I1E1s (1101'S. The condition of the other crops is reported as fo'llows: Sorghuin, "'5; su gar cane, 8.); peas, $0; Irish potatoes, 91, and sweet potatoes, 91. l otti, in tia' Sonth. The following is the New Orleans Na tional Cotton Exclange crop repourt for the month of dJuly: ieturins have beI comntplete fron all I aits inl the elt. anud or revision of the aereage, baed1 ( n cont11 V 1p r'ts, is cet p,lte. \luch field work hias 1been1 accom plished during the mounth of ,lbtly, re sultiig, however, inl tlae aband(niinenit of saue lands, which wV"ere bcyond re deintiini, and the thiniiing out in var i auts localities of staiids front clemuing up, but fro-m present indications this abana donilent is not calculated to alter our aereage basis. .1erhaps it) seasn>n has shown to a greater extent tlitai this the advantages of tllorouglh cuti vation, for where this lats beein the ci:se the diflf'reice inl the outlook of the crop is very i ketd. (lancing tver thli lt, we liitd tlait the two Carolinas have ceont inued on the dawnward scale. Alaluua has made considetalo iiiprvemnllt. Georgia, 11ississilplai, Lo tuisimut and1( ''eiiessee shoW somse advance, while Arkansas hits added greatly to her f'oruelr good coidi tion. Texas, however, has just about ield her oWI and1(1 feals are exlressed in this latter State of a thretened drought. I11 Snnme localities worms are mentioned. Tie bulk of the crop (ast of the Mis sissippl i is, however, backward, and theriefor 01 epn)1 denit uponil f.voale coni dlitions fraom no(w tal for' the mahintenanlce lTe condltition of' thl'es ra lby States is as fos llows: V'irgintiai, 80) aer cent. ; North Carolinla, 76; Soth1 Carolina, 7]; (Gor gia, 801; .1"oruida, St4; A lab amna, 82; Ten nlessee, 1; Arakanasas, 9)7; Mississippi, 84; Lotuisiahna, 82; Tlexats, 98. Thes aver alge for1 thle 1helt is 85.-1, asgainst 83.5 last mlonitIh and 97 last yoear. 4 rsop I a'Jaports l'rsssom 'g \V sht.s:tsn. Spinig whbeast rturns 115alt the'I c Depart mlent af Agr'icuiltuire for Augsust 1 show tal impr)laoeien't iln thle conldit ion iln Itowa. A snud51 deoclinet inl iscon1sini and Nebraiska, lild a heavy reduct itan in lI )kota. T1het ('ase tof dsoteritarat ionl are dro'tugt andinch iil a igs. Ilout lauls beenoi ex(tessive in1 mamy d ist ricts tIlsat lIvys praoduceatlt fatir yiteld notwaithIst iiing. Ithe I ltrest is ta wo wetk.s sarl ia'r thani usual11, tn tho spiaality uisuatlly gotod ex.. celat iln s(echonals where a1 heavy loss frosm blighat hits tocurredot. ThIea genera'ul averaga of conldit ion is r'edu5ced from 83.2 to 80. .1. At t he tim1e1 taf lI 11ve st Ist yearl tIle aiverage was1( 86. Part tat thle Itoss hist. seiaon ocuedsmt after Asugust I . As th e pre'tstt lrvest is al readly netaly o verl, v ills impros'(vinag meIlteoro loialconitionIs Ithei i'hteti Thie pr'esnt a1veratge is nsi nuty-st'ven foras lau, insbtead saf inety last. motht. No less 1lum1 t wenity-Iivxe un lties, eachl pro dusrisg fromss twti htslu ledi thiousiiatd tt sane millI~in bsheats, repior't thte ctndti ne'-otat thatee is an increa0' m foui savenity a'ighat to t'ighly,'. lTe reducstion inl WVis ('0n15h1 is fraom1 V sevitya-li ve to se vt'nty hvao; il Nebra'lskai from isighty-thr11( to eighaty-two, andlt iln Iakoata fraom eighty hvs Vto ssixty-I.wo. Winste'r wheaat previ.. oulsly hartvestnot rep a t aotd thIis month. 'The ('ottoni iaI lrattuil utY'ered[ from1 wet wathera ins all thte States; east. taf thse Mais Sissippji sad ini 1,ouaisianau. 'Te aLverage~ condaitions thas beeni reducsed fromt eighty six tat tight y-onea. 'The avrg frVir aa igiiis se 5venty tiva', Norlth _(aroliina sa'vsenty-foursa, Souathl saxvit, .Missis.ippia seven'sty-ntinte, Louilsi asia seveiaty-l'iva, 'Texas a'ighaty-eight, A r kasas~ ameity-six, Tenne51ssee ninety-ti'va. ' htere hal;s baen slighlt itavan1ce in Arkitsis 5(as. Thela tdecline is hea'ivy in thle Carto linais, conHN. Theare ihass bleen a Iheavy diecrea se inl tte cotnditions of corn since .July 1. TIhet avasge, wiluch was then iniety-fivse, is dleclina is isn Illi'notis, \Viseonsii itndt Sttes west of Ite MNississippil. In i the l;asern anda Middlle States5 thte condltitionl niot much(1 exceediing tweenlty-two butsheals 15.r' icre. though future condlitinn navii increaso or decreaso on tlie ultnilate yield. MINOi (1101s. Tho average of spring rye is eighty eight. 1'lloro has been no material decliie ii >ats, the average being eighty-seven. Barle;y its mainttainedl it s contdition, 111(1 nerri"y an aierlage crp11 is assurel. '1The0 ccundition <,f 1)UCkwhteat average ninety-four; tobaeco eighty-two; pota boes eighty-eight. T1i1E FAJI0'4 "I1.Xi- L etW4." "ointhIiny:thu Sios Nnm \ntoient I:unertnn'iiO of Oil ('unnrell(nt. (From the l,o"ton 12oTnI ) 'These laws wOr Iclrted by1 I the Jh0 ple of the ''.)oiminion of New I lav n,' m1d ()ecale knowN"I as th1u ill, \aws h)le raulsc they were pr"inte( on hht paper. They were as follows: 'The (overnor and \1agistrates con vened in (cieral Assemily arn the stt L)1em1e powe' uinder (od of this ile pend(lenlt domliniol. rI'r()on the det('rm i nation of the AssemlV 110 a pal 5all be taken. No one shaill be1 at (1reennm (r havt\e a1 rote un5less lie is conVerted :ii1 m1,eblr f one of the churches all:wed inl the .lomninion. Each freenan sh1:all swear":t by the blessed (oil to har' 1tue allI'i:mtr(',' to this doninion, and that .desis is the onily king. No dissenter from the essentitl WOr hip of this (lominiol slimu! he allowed to give a vote for electin of 1mt,;i strates Dr any ote11(1' oli0er. No food or lodging sIm1l be oflered to i heretic. No one shall ('rosi 5 r iver n('I the Htll baithl bu1t athor(Iize /11lergym1in. No one sludl trav( 1, c'ok vietids. make beds, swleel ho iuses, eut I I r or shtave oin the Kahh:ath day. No one shadl kiss his < rhr childrrn on1 the Saibathl or last inug d:vs. The Sab)ath day shal I't;'i im a: -rn>t Saturday. Woliever wears 01((t les trii11ltmedl i it!h gold, silver or hote 1:aeeabo\e 1 shillint per yard shall be' preseIted 1bV t1e (Graud .Jurors, and the helectie s h;tll tax the estate .C:itt). Whoever brinfgs carls or diee iito the doinillion shall pay 1. toe of 5. No one slall eat nli!n e pies, lance. l)lay cards, or play ainy iltri)iien4t of Imu11siC except the droni, )imap ti j'I No gospel mlinister shnut j,in In pl ill mrriage. 'The ma:gist rat .ay jin theml inl mla'rriag(', aS lit- 11m:1 di)i it w i less scandal to ('hrist's ('tiueh. 'hen people refu:s ti ir clii i COnv'enien'lt mua1rriage:,, the1:415:h 1tra shall deterninle the p oin t. A na ivho strikes his wife shall h< tin1ed C1). A woinan\ who stri eS her hlh:a,lu shali be 1n1ished as the :lw (lin-ets. No man)1 shatll coulrt a 1nod ii perso: or by letter without )1btainiiing the con sent of her parents; .C 1iia1tY fi tha first offeinse; L111 for the secoind, and fi the thirl, imp1ris illelt dutriing th< PleIaSlIl' ol the ('ur It. ( ii 131 111ti . The roofs of NeiV Y'oi are very ilt r esting. ,llluch that. wioub11 1leV,r Isve 1e11 sulsplectei by a stia"ig)1 in tho streets goes on ulponl the:t 'rial IplIat iorim ahove the heads (1of the inasses. I'i iii the Brooklynl bridge I hmte (1n that top)nlost str'atum1.01 t he c'it, y 11airly' alit't with peCOp)le on a tine ltatnilo eVe110. On one roof were to 1e seen some1 shop girls waltzing to the iuisic of a t'0ne'; r tina ill the luinds of a younog manl :' t 1 mi1 the raisedl wall top betwien (I h. IIi ir wvithi the niellody (It iIir. Over yonIder were I wo loers, liuol I place after uo t her were~ to be seen pIr i(ons wriser tluai their fellows, silkin Lte quiiet andi 011 conpait tvely 101re air tbove tihe uproar auit staigimnit aiiu'-~ ph1er1 oif thle lower stories and1 thle strielts. AX year or twoi 1ag) binlg invihl-i to dini withi soine (Cub:uis I himd nilet ini thir treighboirhiood oft thle Cnitra il'',:uI was shlown1 upJ hy iiw servaiit wher 111 11 youl suppose?50 Tlo the rolofI. hikuig (very' advaitaige of It h) opII air. thley wouhl all cookIl, likl o m;u ioii I inl ai haker's (oven. I found m a If whlere this fmniily 1:1 h lt IathInd a i O(rk. An 1.1 111011fraii work:1 lihset I11 grea'ft sheet (If till, iad froim its white striiped ennivas. ii loin ii -- trop)io ptlanlts, and two i'r thri birdsuh in rocekers andi easy5 chal;irs and ' 1m e -iplit (itne inl wilichJ to Io :nI Ii un 11n( 1r1a( and11 5ew. There, in) I e tIul breeze that.ll Iet. till ibbi n ii Iu;I lad(ie's all ai thuItIerini, was .( n Ihr thalit I wioubIt n1) o bas exchn: il I r n hat was31 served1 i ayht an111I. I :I hlinigroom inI I theIciy ontu ni ; i UgtIl \'\n" tIl nin:ilI n IIi la . "il ay, mlistIr!" txcimeui I a n iib2', I 'istreet tInd mhrse a111' well-dre:< yong 'awh pasiln it m i trt Th. yioung ma sopo.hithhi.n mentO m lileyl l i het irou( r it i Ill rl ici ous tly. I itlil \)l ihkr -. inl lif iis, don'iil(lt youi Ve) Iit han ngi St. Paul111obe. Wh y It" Wa n\ot l'opular in south Crolna nhne Fneti Abott the /;ampaign of '8eventy (I'. w. I . in The Sunday Newe.) The "SV( of (irammtuercy Park" was not ia hvortite iii South Carolina. In deetd, do far ias there was any feeling on the siljeet, it. was one of distrust and av(rSiont. This was due to the manner in whieh South Carolina was treated by Mr. I'ihlen in the campaign of 1M76. 3Mr. Tildcn had no expectation whatever that this State could be carried by th I )elnorats, ant was averse to the sir;ig htunt nuoventent. There were el'etonil votes enough in sight, he thought, to mautke him 1President, with Out anny help from South Carolina, and there is good authority for saying that 3Ir. 'T'ilden had no doubt of the result, ''if South Carolina would only keep quiet.'' But South Carolina determined to Inmuke an iereic effort to throw off the political yoke, and what in the begin iug semed imp)ossible was, in a short tiin, well within the bounds of proba b,i lit v. It should have been evident to 'vterv iispassimnate observer that noth ing was Ibeyntd the reach of the white peoltie of South Carolina, united as they iir, ail aninuted with one purpose ;ad one hope. Nevertheless, Mr. Til t gave the South Carolina Democracy inhe c In shoukl(er. This caused consid ctale irritation in the State, and engen tiee th le idea of voting for Iayes and Il:nintto. By this plan a considerable n hntir of colored votes was obtained for (heneratl Ilupton, the Democratic ctundidtte f'or (overnor, in exchange for wnite votes ftr the Republican candi date fto 'residetnt. ''he )emocracy of the Statn felt that. they were deserted by tIh atlers tnf the National )emtocracy, :id nintuale the best bargain they could on tint! C, a\ it oiect.nuut. Ttwrtis tihe tnd of the canvass Mr. Tiltnlt st'cnmnd tno realize that ho hnd nnl a tnirttk.e, antI protmised to coin irib tlt. the t rnto s 5num1 of ,000 to 1!I I n aoitent in c:Uimpaignn fund. A draft f,r th i:nnnttuntnit was accordingly made, mutl wa'; discotntcd by one of the Ih: :l.sttnit I naiks. M1r. Tildien, how eve ', faili to prtrvinle for the draft, and it was tiltinnttly paid out of monney treird in Suth Carolina. This story conet'rnling the draft and its fate cones to nne from an ninpeachalle source. It will Ie renenberetl that (leneral h11an iit ii n\ as elected by a majority of I, 1:, wihile (Colonu'I Simpson, the can di-lat or I ,itutenltnt-(lovernor, had a It: jt"rit of only :. '1'he majority for the lh 1uii electors in this State was 1. It ii; very evident, fronm these fig ,ra that the elt'cttal vote of South tr,'n; cahl havt, been secured by \r. Tilh u, if he had sustained the I t a enwyu if the State in their efforts, antl lI,l ive tht in inn the canvass, the ine theyv desired, and to which thny were t'ntith-d. ( Lhtt he did not tralizt thiis ftit until too late. Alte tin rlh-etion it wits proposed to hs t int of the Ih'publican electors. Tine' whole history of the negotiations will probabnly never Ine known, but it irns t N Ib ie rSt ntbly certaini that one f tit' ih lt "tt rrd to cast his vote for ''il tn uil In -tntrinrits ftnr the snum of $50, ll. Ihw n,f .\lr. 'ihlni's agetnts camie itt .utI (trolin:t to look over the 1id(1 i Il :i c,"rt:,ii thal utt this coull be ac t.!ti, Itt the tmotey wins niot ftintI:tt . nlr. 'Tillent relied upon 1 r tin. In I lt, Su thi ('arolintt go. 'he ilit:isi l':atnI, in soie wiay, of the nti tit int I: l inwInh were in progress anid ier' tnlWii ably airtlind. It is said that, inhin t lii I i'ectondnl College mniet, n-t ti tl t I t lh.publie:u ele c toIrS t.oolk in p t iro ni pocket'~t andn aninounnniced, tilhe i nnit if :n inn lectr in> veny tntd t' nnib-t tnr a iny lte'ens ilthannitiynes an \\'hn lnr. (' . In>weni wins credlitedi u,i 1 b it . M al I evenits, the nti ... I ian in . 'in tl .. .an id t . l r. Ii Tikhn, as I havuie shnowvn, liten lty intou any int eltctiton. Sounnth Carohn a' nt h tn vtens woulind hiave given hhn in nrainn nrity, wiithoutit thet vote of S nti mi ni it nloria nof wichiii hie wais rn ibb i t ith Hturnimng Boardnns. ile bi Inn t i in ople ofnt'nt Stouth Caronlinan by hh : I tn ne tnnwais themn ait tine timet (If ib -inn neet'ul strunggle finn denliveramnce i n I lit'al iit'nitru. 'Then feelinig (of in pnnnph-t 'um5 wetll e'xprnssedn, fonur I . ur hv a. it.hun s Coinnnor, wht ati he thih tnt ilt' political baittlen (If \\'twn itw tin' trnt wasii notlol( to i' InT iinupn theIn; )n-moeneny in (I h indl ( Xtnnnori sidn ntpenily thait lIte itoIn le hetn with .layardl hI I n > in w itit uith i n, hIrn nuts ner innyni dioubt oft .ilr. TIii d;nabli.v nspcilly~i inimney-ak n btinSut 'aijmi ine hadi bt faethit ,atnt :nlnmn ies, for1 thet re'n In I nmv ivtn. it.re was aliways an a't I imt T ii tnhtcke nenrvi in ia politi r r .Is i to inn siupposedn for a b is ni Inn inn denfraudnned of tine .( hn r:0i.n Hantockn wonuldt haiv(e tint ont nntpr irni n of any sort, ttM w appneah-d, it nnn'cessairy, thn p7 ph- f tencountry tlace at Il It wati tint nvniet ioun ith MrIn. Inh alaite I couraget'~~' tit made' Sounthn n tno iin'rs tntf Congren'nss wvillinig tno nt rint iht Eight-to-SnveiInetorial ( n nnna in nn i iill. Tiwr n hoptetnln fonr South Canrolinan and I nnis.iana nuponn thnt inistallantion of t r. I lay, miIaint tetwo't States madotl tine itr Il; n he ibnnn abnusedi, it shnouldt be tntmb n td ihat it wasi- duri'ig~ Is termi If.' t hat it' et niithenti States biegn in enu. m' heirnrecverny fromn thne ills hn "tn tIht (ivil war. '.I'here wins inbnom o impron'nvt'nnn'nt durinig thne n, inn kn \\'htni Kinig Stornk ganvn phw jlo m I hog there' wat~s atssura'nie of eae ni'rdtr, andi the' Southnen t o:mle forward.nn with am raidinity iu hini wht w ;upri'sinig to even their cown lCtni,n nkable .Monrtaliiy. \ in) :nith s at ll thn Demnornic - a n t iiih in tr tin'e tPreidn cy nn sinite thec wan, w i h n'\h n .p ion of' Cleve'thmn, hatve. dietd. ;ni M it(lhm lintd Ot.. 29), 1885. loit i' uninour nhin'd Peb. 1'2, ISt0(i n\ odIT. A. I in.nnnins' tdinnd Nov. 25, 15s5. 'T'sr inn mtto Demo'tt'ts living wino inet btin t:nnlidtesin' forn tin' Vicc-Preal WHAT CHEiVING GUM DOES. Doctor. Declare that; ft5 Catse/;~erlous Bron. chial and Other Troubles. (From the New York star.) In the thousand and one shops rrnkled through the narrow streets of is city, whore youngsters buy lollipops, where boys invest their savings in 'base bills and cigarettes at a penny apiece, and where the young ladies of the tenements purchaso the latest yellow-bo gd litora ture, there is always for sale a' substance known as black chowing gum. Whether it is done up in spangled tinfoil, or re splendent in gaudy tissue paper, or decoratol with parti-colored ribbon, it is still black chewing gum. It is made generally out of refuse gum arabio-stuff that cannot be used in the apothecary shops, and is flavored variously with the cheapest of cheap extracts, licorice, win torgrecn, peppermint, or, more usually, one of those poisonous flavorings that" are compounded from acids. The manu facturers cut a huge slab of the gum into quadrangular pieces about the size of a, domino. In cool weather the bits are friable and break easily; when it is warm, they have the consistence of a, piece of idea rubber. It is surprising how much of this black chewing gum is used. A littlo girl gets hold of a penny somehow, an' she cannot get to a shop (Puck enough to buy some of it. She chews and chews and chews on it, her jaws working as regularly and vigorously as those of a Fourth of July orator. If she has a wish to show particular favor to her five-year-old sweetheart, she gives him a morsel. The young ladies who devour the yellow bound novels devour gum, too. They place a fragment of it be tween the uindermost of their pearly teeth, and while their souls go out to Elvira in her prison, or their hearts flut ter in sympathy with Edgar do Mont morenci in his attempt to carry off the. heiress, they don't forget to chow that gum. Young beaus, the leaders in tone ment house society, chow it, too; for the men who make it advertise that it per fumes the breath and lends the mouth. the odor of a new-mown field, also that it aids digestion and clears the voice and is a harmless anl beautiful substitute for tobacco; that it is, in fact, a penny bit of ambrosial food for the gods. it isn't. The physicians of Amnstr dam, N. Y., have just declared in solemn conclave that the practice of chewing this black gum is most harmful and pernicious. They have traced directly to it innumerable cases of sore mouth Mud sore throat that they have treated of late. Their brethren o tthe medical pro fession in New York agree with them, and not only condemn black chowing gain, but all chewing gum of whatever color. The physician who has charge of the throat dispensary in one of the largest hospitaLs in New York said a few days ago: "Day after day patients, nearly all girls between 8 and 18 years of ago, come in here and complain that it hurts them when they swall ow, or else that their mouths sting when they drink any thing warm. On examining their throats I find the delicate mucous niembrano marked here and there with little in flamed patches. In nine cases out of ten it is caused by chewing grnn." 'Why is the gmn hurtful " ''The flavoring is usually poisonous," replied the doctor, ''and by its coinstant presence, in however small a quantity, it sets up an inflammation. But the habit is otherwise pernicious. The un tiring motion of a gum chewer's jaws provokes a superfluous flow of saliva just as if there was always a pinch of salt on the tongue-and wears out the saliva glands. (hun chewing retards digestion. If a woman fills her stomach with water or saliva she drowns the gastric juices; also the interminable attrition wears out the teeth, and( foreign flavor by (degrees renders the breath more and more dis agreeable. T1ho p)ractice is bad in every way." In ai Ohecwhaltg-egg Factory. A day or two ago my wayward feet carried my body into the suburbs and to a chewing-gum factory. TIhxere I got somoe idea of an ind(ustry that thrives on penny sales an(d the remorseless energy oif American jaws. In the p)laco 1 saw half a dozen huge blocksof mnarbly gum, or p)etroleum wax. Each weighed about 01n0 hunditred poundmis, andl was almost like pure pientelicani stone, dem. to the old1 sculpI tor's eye and hand. And it was absolutely clean and odorless. A few weeks ago( the stuir lay in one of the huge tanks near the oil wells of 1enn.. sylvania, a dirty, greenish brown fluid with the consistency of bad mud and the smell of a glue-factory. Then it was crude oil, but since thiat it had been in a turmoil and through "'stirring times" and chemical pirocesses. FIrom it had been extracted a lot of kerosene, almost as much naphitha, not a little benzine, letnty of tar and a lot of valuable, but technically named, affairs that are out of reach. Any way, the gum wax wais left, andt it was it that I saw, clean as an ideal farmer's lbed-chamber, and as ordorless ats a civil service reformer's record. Be fore it became the chewing-gum of our friends it had to be melted, Ilavored, sweetened and ''put up" in fanciful array. Then the one humndred pound block would appear in live thtousantd peniny cakes, andI I am told that five hundred of these one hiuntdred pound blocks are used in each week of the his tory of Columbia, ''tiho geum of the ocean," etc. It's tough-the fact, not the gum.-Cleveland PlJaindealer. No "Oln,mes in (remntloru. Another thing they manago better. in Francie. Any 0110 5o fortunate, or uni fortunate--as the caiso mnay bo}-to dio at them enid of August, cani direct his east-ofi coil to bo0 d1isposed of by the siiimle and1 natural method in one of four c remuatoriums costing 350,000Of. Price, 12s., with absoluto t"<ptality, as is most lftting in the accompaniments of dheath. There are to be no "classes" in cremattionl, at any rate. Already artists and( goldsmnithls and bronze casters are preparing to surround the now method with the old picturestiuo anid beautiful ijsociations, and the Parisians are thank rid, as they well may be, for the boon hat is offered them.-Pall Mall (lazotto. The most serious dIrawback we know of s a Ily blister between the shoulders. Never spiread ain Ill report about your icighbomr untIl you know positively it Is rule; and don't (10 it then If ho is a greal Ieal bigger than you are.