The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1871-1903, June 03, 1886, Image 1
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PICKENS, S. C. THURDAY, JUNE 3, 1886. NO
' ? - O.vA,JN 18
1LI FARMERS' CONVENTION.
"MR. D. R. TILLMAN'S VERY MODES'
DISCLAIMER.
The Objection, to the Action of the (onen
ion Considered...Tte Straggling Delegates
Farmners' College and its Cost--t onstltutiona
Convention.
2b the Editor of The News and Courier.
Pressure of farm work since the adjourn
ment of the "Farmers' Convention" has
left me no time to reply to the fusilade
of criticism called forth by its action.
And, first, loft me correct some mis
takes and misauprehensions of your Re
porter. The effort to belittle the Con
vention and elevate me on the pedestal
of the demagogue by saying, "It was
Capt. Tillman's Convention all the way
through," etc., will not hurt our cause
in the least, because it is not true. It
was a representative body of earnest, in
telligent men taking counsel for the good
of the state, and what little control I
exercised over its actions arose from the
fearless manner in which I had attacked
existing abuses and the unanswerable
arguments adduced to sustain my posi
tion. The committee on resolutions,
who had full control of all business
brought before the body, consisted of
one from each county, appointed by each
county delegation. I had nothing to do
with their selection, and I don't oven
know half a dozen of the thirty picked
men composing that committee. What
more need be said to shlon" that these
men went to Colunbia with their minds
already made up, and had no desire to
hear lengthy discussion on the questions
I have been agitating and others besides.
I went into the Convention on Friday
anticipating a long and hot debate. I
was prepared with facts and arguments
to sustain each and every one of my reso
lutions. The speech made at the open
ing of the Convention had required little
labor and tlhouit, while to show the
justice, the wisdom, the necessity of the
reforms I advocate has b.een my sole
study for months. The Convention
needed no arguments other than I have
already used in the News and Courier to
convince it, and I am glad that I was
spared the labor of making any. The
News and Courier will, if it continues its
present bombardment, give me an op
portulity to use much of this ammuni
tion, so I may say it is well to be pre
pared even if it was not neeossary to
shoot. But I desire to make a predic
tion right here, and that is that. the
farmers of the State will ratify most if
not all of the acts of the Convention, and
time will show whether it was a Farmers'
Convention or "Capt. Tillnan's Con
vention." I can tell where the shoe
pinches. It was a "Farmers Conven
tion," and was a thoroughly ropresenta
tive body, and every one knows it, but
it nearly kills some people because it
agreed with "Farmer Tilhnan."
The ,insinuation that the Convention
was td1jjnk on Friday evening, as shown
by the use of the words "staggered in,
was unwortlhy the brilliallt young gentle
man whose otherwise full and accurate
record of its proceedings is worthy of all
admnration. I hope for his own sake
that it was a typographical error, and
that he wrote or meant "straggled in,'
for it cannot be shown that there was
any drunkenness. "N. (G. (1." was very
mad about the Citadel befhig abo,lished
on paper, but thlis w',as an ungen<rloul
way to get revenlge, and the, accusatioi
only recoils on the accuser, if lie ES) in
tended it.
One more mistake ini the report of thei
proceedings and I wvii l)as on1 to th<
editorials. I had nothing to (10 with th<
appointment of the co)nmmittee of sevcer
to memorialize Congress. I did assisi
Mr. Tindal in making upl the eixecuitivt
committee at his requlest, as5 it was to b)0
supposed I was better cogrnizant of whIal
mhenl were best suited to carry out thiE
work than he wvas. I only menOItionl this
because it is so inidustriiously tried to ic
.shown that the Conv-ention was ant as.
semiblage of puppe)ts inl mIy hanlds, whtiel:
is totally untrue.
The first objection raisedi by thte Newt
and Courier against whtat it termls th<O
"'Tillman p)latform'' is the apploinltmlent
of a committee to lprop)ose bills anld wail
on thle Legislature next Novembter anli
urge their passage, so as to chlange thtes<
0resolutions into law. The "'moderr
Moses" wrote his res(olutionls to ciover' al
thle points lie wished to make, and gav
no thought to the ''stonje talets of hi:
ancient prototype." If I could havt
done this with less than elevenl resolu
tions, I would have (lone so- I do nto
- feo.l thmat I am ordained to lead thle farm
ore "out of the~ wilderness," but I sill
coroly and honestly believed tile reform
embodied in these resolutionls would g<
* far towards helpiI1mg to advance Our ag4ri
cultural interest; so believing, 1 shouhi
bless tan a man not to boldly urgt
This committee, representing tihe larg
and respectable b)ody of farmers who re
cently met and authorized it to pee
these matters to the mlex -piatre
will exercise great influenc, even if tlm
body shall be comuposed of men othe
'thlanlfarners. We will, if we cal sn
men to the Legislature to "take it." t
it is surely permissible to show the jun
-tice and expediency of our action. on
qimple fact will show not only wihy thi
W)iecessary, but thlat the News am
Courier is as ignIoranlt on many of thesa
questions as the members of the Gonera
Assembly are likely to b)e. It says:
"The proposiltion to hlave tile secretar
(commissioner) chosen by a board o
agriculture, which itself shall beoelecte4
by the delegates to a class convention, t<
tae tepaceanMisothe dutes o
woi5hed before it was pr ~ gteg sa
adopted. Such a propoition, we are
sure, will never find favor in a South
Carolina Le.islature, even thpugh it were
composed er irely of farmers."
"Let not t:e shoemaker go beyond his
last." The News and Courier, too, bet
ter stick to "free trade" and let agricul
ture alone. The legitimate duties of this
officer would be the encouragement, pro
tection and advancement of our agricul
tural interests. The collection of the
phosphato royalty should be given to
the comptroller general, and in all hu
mility I ask, Why may not the farmers
of South Carolina be allowed to control
that department of the government
which they alone support, ivhich is, or
ought to be, devoted entirely to advanc
ing their interests? This method of
choosing the secretary or commissioner
is not new or unusual. A board of agri
culture thus chosen, and who elcct their
own secretary, has existed in Ohio since
1847.. The same system of agricultural
administration exists in Maine, in Con
necticut, in Indiana, in Illinois, in Iowa
and many other Northern States.
If the News and Courier can tell us
why the agricultural societies, free from
Political influences, cannot select a better
board than the Legislature, and why the
board thus chosen cannot select their
own executive officer and this secure a
prompt and efficient one, I would like to
have it do so. Without the power to
dismiss an incompetent or unworthy
oflicer, the board can accomplish nothing,
and if the Legislature cannot trust the
farmers to manage their own department
we had better abolish it altogether.
I will next briefly notice the News and
Courier's bookkeeping. They say "fig
ures won't lie," but I have always thought
it all depended on who set down the
figures, and with what motives. As the
News and Courier enters some "words',
from my speech in its column of "prom
ise," and then charges up $363,000 in
creased taxes in the column of "perform
ance" alongside, I may well ask permlis
sion to show that its figures ''lie" if I
can. And, first, let me say that 'the
present value of the plant of the Missis
sippi College does not represent its cost.
The original cost of the muildings and
farm was in the neighborhood of $100,
000. There have been additions in stock
and other appliances out of each annual
appropriation during the five years since
it started, but a large per cent. of its
present valuation is increase in the value
of the farm by a proper system of culti
vation and natural inerease in the large
herds of cattle, etc., etc.
Ilome was not built in a day, and we
(10 not ask or expect that our agricultural
college shall come, like Minerva from the
brow of Jove, arn-" and equipped for
battle. All we asl. is to plant it on the
right foundation and let it grow. An
appropriation of $75,000 with the $25,
000 from the tax on fertilizers, which
cln be used the first year to build and
equip it, is all we want. The board of
agriculture already possesses a colplete
chemical laboratory which would thus
not have to be bought. iany of the
books in the state library can be spared
for the agricultural library. Convict
labor can be used in excavating the
foundations of the buildings and in mak
ing brick, etc., provided they can be
spared from that blessed 'Columbia
ditch," and I guarantee that with these
helps and with the money mentioned
the college can be0 opened on the 1st of
January, 1.888.
At for the experinm'ental station, if
Congress don't give the $15,000 then the
faculty will, as they now do in Missis
sipp)i and Michigan, carry on exp)eri
ments without it. My inf.ormation is that
the bill will pass -if it is reached oni the
calendar before Congress adjourns. If
it is appropn-iated the money becomes
available 1st July prox., and if the pres
ent trustees of the Sonth Carolina Col
lege sp)end it on the agricultural annex
at Columbia the demand next winter for
a separation of the agricultural college
from the South Carolina College would
be met by the argument that the experi
mental station had already been estab
hlted at Columbia, and another, link
would be forged in the chain which nowv
binds the two institutions together. This
argument, which I used in the Conven
tion, overthrew all of Colonel Duncan's
specious arguments and promises on b)e
half of the trustees, and the farmers
p)assed the resolution because they pre
ferred a whole loaf hereafter to a crumb
now. If the Legislature grants our
wishes in December next then the ex
perimuentail station can be0 provided for
mi plannirig the college.
I anm satisfied, also, that there is going
to b)e a lively competition among the
counties to secure the college, and I
hope) to enter Edgefield in the race if I
cani wake her up. This element in tile
estimated cost will. amount to no small
- item, I imagine. If we allow the pres
euit approp)riation for the Citadel to keep
it up) as a school for girls; if we give the
South Carolina College $5,700 in p)lace
(of the landi( scrip) fnnd and( its tuition
fees, both institutions, it would seem,
could be thus bountifully sustained, so
that there would be roally no call for
any money save the $5,700.
Now, 'mc regards the Constitutional
Conver n, If cannot see why it should
cost exactly $100,000. Why not say
- l,000O,000? It would appear thlat thle
changes needed in our organic lawv could
I be secured in at least as short a time as
Ithe Legislature takes to make an annual
addition of patches to that already over
patched volumie, the Revised Statutes,
which won't stay rev,hed, and I feel sure
the savings 'which might be secured in
our county government, by areturn to our
Iold way pf managingteohis,osa
ntig ofmn eas 'which might
Iover im one y7sr, to wM 8ht conven
tion wonl co4 Tu aatyozr
urgent arguments why we should have a
Constitutional Convention, but I will
not give them here. ' I will sum up as
follows :
Additional expenditures recommended:
Real Agricultural and Mechani
cal College ................... $ 75,000
Additional tax on fertilizers...... 25,000
Made up to South Carolina College
for land scrip................. .5,700
(' Ost of Consistitttionnl ('otlvent ion . 315,000
Total ...................$140,70)
There are those who believe a Consti
tution of our own making is worth this
much, if for no other reason than to call
our Constitution. The present instra
ment under which we live was made by
negroes, traitors and carpet-buggers. It
was forced down our throats at the point
of the bayonet: It has provisions, man
latory at that, which have not and can
not be obey. Our legislators scorn and
spit upon it when it suits, and give as
sxcuso that they are obliged to disobey
iome of its provisions, and thus they
have lost respect for it. If for no other
reason we need a new one and should
have it.
But let us see whether the $140,000,
which is a little less than one mill, can
not be gotten without additional taxa
ion. The work on the State House
thould be stopped as soon as a good roof
is put oi and needed repairs made. We
aced education more than we do a grand
State House. Seventy-five thousand dol
Lars can be obtained right here, and with
>ut searching for a Legislature anxious
to be economical can easily obtain the
rest and still reduce taxes. If the farm
rrs do their duty in sending men to the
text General Assembly there can be
tuany thick-padded places found that
will bear slicing. They can find "places
,o cut" if they want to. The Farmers'
vonvention has been blamed because
they did not go into details. We were
not a Legislature and we knew it. We
ntend to elect one, though, that will
,arry out our r,econnendations if we
"all.
I will in another article notice sone
ther things which have been said about
le Farmers' Convention and its work.
B. R. Ts rLMAN.
Hamburg, May 17, 1886.
[Mr. Tillman has written a second let
ter, confiued chiefly to a reply to the
criticisms of the Columbia Register and
the News and Courier]
.51A X WELP (;lM ONFICMION.
lie Adu its all tiu+ EHeentiial Facts 'Tektillel to
by Oilier WinesMsg, last Clahi,s thiat HIs Mo
tive was not Murder.
Maxwell, the alleged murderer of
Preller, has testified- in his own behalf.
His recital of his personal history shows
that he has been accurately traced in all
his movements, his account corroborat
ing all witnesses who have testified
against him, except the detective who
was in prison with him. He gave his
name as Hugh Maxwell Brooks, aged 25,
born in england. His account of the
death of Preller is identical with his con
fession published a few days a:-o. le
had studied medicine, but had no license
to practice' as a physician. He had
treated Preller for trifling ailments pre
vious to coming to St. Louis, and at
Preller's own request undertook to re
move a stricture. Preller was the con
senting party to the use of chloroformi,
and the ease was one which might anmd
does sometimes occur in any physician's
p)ractice. Preller died from the effects
of the drug while under treatment. Mlax
well says his mistake was in not rep)ort
ing the circumstance at onice, but he was
in a strange land, ignorant of the cuis
toms, and unaware that his report would
serve him had he mlade it. Besides this
lhe was in great grief over thme death oif a
man to wthmom lhe was much attached as
a friend, Ini this state of mind the
thought occurred that lhe nmst hide thme
b)ody and get away. lie theni paced( it
ini a trunk, as dlescrib)ed, and took what
money lie founmd in Pr'eller' trouisers,
about $600. lHe made a number of lpur
chases and drank a great deal b)efore
leaving for California.
Questioned by his counsecl: ''What do
you know about a pice of papi~er, readi
ing, 'So p)erish all traitors to the great
cause?'"
The prisoner: "I wrote it. My idea
was that the authorities would find it
and that it would puzzle them until an
autop)sy should be held."
Counsel: "Was it your' idlea to delay
them while you wvere getting away?"
Prisoner: "Ye ,."
.Counsel: ":D? you do anything else
with the same object in view?"
Prisoner: "Yes. I shaved off the
mustache."
Counsel: ''Can you tell how that cut
came upon his breast?"
Prisoner: "Yes, I did it with a scal
1)e1, but can assign no reason for it.."
.Couisel: "Had you, when you ad
ministered that chloroform, any inteni
tioni of killing Preller?"
Prisoner: "I had not, sir." (The pris..
oner spoke loudly and emphatically.)
Counsol: "Had you any intention of
injuring him?"
Prisoner: "I had not, sir."
"Counsel: "Of doing him any bodily
harm?"
Prisoner: "No."
The rest of the testimony was taken
up with his trip to San Francisco, some
of the events which occurr/!, and his
explanation of some of the big stories
which ho told about himself on his trip
to that city.
Cat parties arc the latest A young girl
gives a party antd each friend invited brings
her cat along with a ribbon about its nieck
correspondtng to that worn by its mistress.
There's lots of fun at suc.h parties, especially
when the felines coinc together,
EVOLUTION ANID TIHE CitI;aiMt1.
An EarneN Coimtideratlots orthe suject in the
General Ausenby orlhe; Soutierla l'resbyleriallN.
The General Assembly of the Southern
Presbyterian Church recently in session
at Augusta, (Ia., had under considered
the subject of evolution in its relations
to orthodox Christianity. The conunit
tee to whom the matter was referred
made the following report, signed by
nine out of the thirteen members:
"To the several overtures on the sub
ject to the evolution of man, sent up by
the Presbyteries, the General Assembly
return answer as follows: 'The Church
remains at this time sincerely convintced
that the Scriptures, as truly and author
itatively expounded in the 'Confession of
Faith' and 'Catechism, teach that Adam
and Eve wero created, body and soul, by
the immediate acts of the Almighty pow
er, thereby preserving a perfect race
unity. 'Th1lat Adam's body was directly
fashioned by Almighty God, without any
natural animal parent4age of any kind,
and of matter previously created of noth
ing, and that any doctrine at variance
therewith is a dangerous error, inasmuch
as in the methods of interpreting Scrip
ture it must demand, and in the conse
quences which, by fair implication, it
will involve, it will lead to the denial of
doctrines fundamental to the faith.
''Geo. D). Armstrong, chairman; Wmn.
F. Jenkins, R. K. Smoot, G. B. Stricken,
L. C. Vass, A. N. Hlollifield, M. Von
Lear, R. R. Fulton, 1). N. Kennedy."
The minority presented the following
report.:
"The undersigned, members of your
eomnmittea on overtures on evolution,
would recommend the appointment of a
special committee to draft a pastoral let
ter to th' Churches and Presbyteries of
the Assembly, embodying the following
poimts:
'"1. A recognition of the alarm and un
easiness pervading the Church on account
of the evolution discussion, and that this
alarm and uneasiness are not unfounded.
"2. An intimation of our loyalty to the
symbols, as th,e correct interpretation of
the Holy Scriptures, and determination
to defend them against any interposition
which would mar the historic sense or
contradict any traditional doctrine of our
faith.
"3. The original application of the
doctrines contained therein belongs to
the Presbyteries, and the Asseiibly con
siders them competent for their fume
tion; neither wnld it usurp or forestall
this function, or hamper them in its per
formnnnce, by granting any in thlesi de
liverances which could be construed into
an anticipatory exposition of the law, but
could not be of binding force.
"4. The Assembly assures its Presby
teries tlwt the highest Court of the
Church will be ready at the proper time
to uphold and endorse any judicial action
of the 'resbyteries founded on the con
stitutional law of the Church."
This report was signed by the Rcv
Wn. Flin, the Rev. F. L. Ferguson,
the Rev. T. E. Smith and Ruling Elder
V. II. Henderson.
The Rev. Messrs. Win. Flinn and F.
E. Smith presented the following adli
tional minority report:
"We the undersigned, nembers of the
special committee on evolution, recomm
mend that the General Ase.mly deeline
to make a deliverance on the subiject,
biecauise the ansmwer which is invoked by
these overtures, if granted, would violdat e
ouri constitution. (Note Confession of
Faith, chapter :31, p)aragrap)h 41)
"'Second. Because the Word of (God,
as iterpreted b y our standards, giv'es
the faith of the Church.
'"Thlird. Because before one of our
lower Courts a concrete ease is penidinig
involving thme matters of those overtures."
'lho matter was dliscuissedl quite at
lengthm--two dlays being conisutmed ini the
deb)ate.
Th'le motion ~was theni put th at. thle mii
nority report lie subistittedi for the ma
jority report, but it was lost. It wasL
Imoved th at th e vo( te he next taken oni thle
maajority report amnd that the yeas and1(
nays lhe called and recorded. Adlopted.
Th'le roll was called and resulted in a vo,te
o,f 137 yeas to i:3 nays. So thme nmajority
re'port w~as n((h adotedN.
'The following resolution wits offered
by the committee on foreign corresp)ond(
ence:
Resolved, That thme commit tee app)oint
ed to confer with a similiar conmmittee of
the Gcmemal Assembly of thme P resbyterian
(hurch ini the United States of America
for the puirpose of arranging for a cen
tonnial clebration, shall also constitute
thme Conmmittee of thuis Assembly for earry -
ing out such arrangements.
Drn. Rlichardson readl letters fronm eol
loges in the dhifferent Presbyteries us to
their conditions, which show thmem to be
rather slhorit olf funds(1.
Dr. Sumoot said that they should edut
cate their boys to be ministers-that if
they hamd no ministers there could be no
church. Fathers shoumld pre~ssupon)1 thei r
sonls that the great, object in this life is
not to make money, but to glorify God.
The afternoon was spent in discussing
the report of the committee on theologi
cal seminaries, which is as follows:
The standing committee oni thmeological
seminaries p)resenuts a report on Unioni,
Columbia and Tuscaloosa Institutes.
Th~oremarks on Columbia Semimuary are
as fellows:
A very brief . rep)ort from the board of
dliretrsm of this institution fIlls us with
sorrow mand amazement. Tt tells us that
this beloved seminary, with it.s as.sets
amunltinxg to $270,000 and tan annual
cash icome of *11,784, closes this term
with onuly eleven students, andt that five
of thieso are in the session class, leaving
Only six a the prospecta for next your.
It) *15US furtherT that twenty-two sta
dnits matricaid;A tat n,. Woodamw
resumied his duties as its Perkins profes
ior about the middle of last December;
liat eleven students were dismissed and
Dr. (lirardeau has resigned. Therefore,
in view of these facts, especially the small
amnber of students and the large amount
spexpnded in training them, your ,>m
inittee recommend the following:
Resolved, That this Assembly recom
uend the four Synods controlling that
wemimry to suspend it for the present
until the Providence of God shall indi
ate that it should b opened again
I' no)).
Addresses were made by Drs. Mosely,
Woodrow and Peters. The evening ses
4ion was devoted to the discussion of
1ome missions.
''1IC GREAT LABOR ('OlN01L.
Iirgnnaizailon o if minineM in the Clevenad Conl.
eitlti---TIhe 'roceedingM.
The Knights of Labor met in Cleve
land, 0., last Wednesday. It was 9.20
)'elock when Powderly left the hotel,
md it was 10.40 o'clock before the Gen
2ral Assembly was rapped to order by
Ie chief executive. In the meantime
Ile delegates congregated in groups in
the hlall and corridors, discussing labor
opics.
When the call for the Convention was
ssied by Powderly he only enumerated
ive causes of complaint that were to be
idjusted. These were boycotts, strikes,
he Southawest troubles, tle relation of
le Knights of Labor to other organiza
ions and the instituting of new assen
blies. Since the delegates have arrived
nany of them have plans that they
vollld like to spring upon the special
ession. Whether these will be dis
miissed or laid upon the table cannot be
leterinned as yet. One of these plan1s
s to agitate the subject of Government
.egt.lation of railroads. A member of
he Order from Alleghany, Pa., has pre
>ared a long address upon this subject,
md a delegate from his district will try
o secure a hearing for him. The gen
lenlan's address also deals with the
)roject of the national arbitration board.
Another matter has been made public.
For some time past the executive board
las not been satisfied with some of the
)rganizers of the Order, and several
have had charges preferred against them
mnd had their commissions recalled.
Tlhe first business of tile morning ses
'ion1 was the acceptance of the report of
the conmmittee on credentials. Tile new
delegates were then admitted to the hall
and the obligations administered. Pow
derly's address was then delivered ex
temporaneously. He referred the dele
gates to the call to learn what business
was to be brought forward, and taking
up the five subjects of strikes, boycotts,
labor troubles, difliculties with trades
unions anld increasing llelmbershi) one
by one, he advised lost careful thought
and full diseussiolls 111)011 all luestions.
He asked that harmlOy, prudene iud
discretion should prodoninate in all
mlatters, and that the aflairs of the Conl
veltion shoil(d be acted upon with con
sideration and dispatchl. The best part
of the address, treating of matters entire
ly within the province of the Order,
cannot he made public. Powderly re
sumied his seat amid prolonged applause
m(1 u1o11 motion tippoiited stan1ding
Lommiittees of five 1)on each of the fol
lowing subl ject.s: Laws, striikes, b oycotts
Old relation of Kniighlts to other organi
sationis.
piointed.
]Delegates to te Gienieral Assembhly ex
Lpressed thlemiselves as highly lheased at
the aIctioni of tile Cleveland Typographi
eal Union inl inist.ructinig its delegate to
thie annuaiil conlventioni to vote thait thle
Uniioni go over to the Knsighits (if Labor01
llin a body. The (oin ventiomn will mieet in
P ittslmr'g ,June I, andlt it is coinfideintly
issertedl fliuit it will aidjouirn as a dlistiict
l5ssiembly of the Knights (of Labhoi.
Abiout thirty- five thiouisand membllers wvil
bie athded to the Kniighits of Labor lby
~is actioii, iand it is claimed that comil
)osi tomrs ill siiall town s where t here iare
11o unIionis will swell the iimnbrs to fifty
:housanid.
The Asseimbly~ met at 8.30 o'clock
l'hursda(Zy msorinmg. T[hue commlittet onl
alws preCsented aI pi opositioni thait tihe
xecutive board.shuould lie increased from
tive toi eleven mnemberis. Therie was aL
~enerail sentimeiit ill faLvor of incereasing
lie miembe.rshipj iln the bioard, bult tihe
in1estion as to whietheri it would be p)rop
r for a spiecial con.venltion to take action1
ini tile maitt.er met with some1 difference
af ~ pinion1. Thse report wias referred
1iack to the committee on laws withotut
nst.ructionls.
A large number of local Granges, and1(
n1 sonic States the body of the farmers
my~e gone ilto) the Knights oIf Labor as
listrict assemb1.lies. Farnmers' Orders
alrgely assisted the Knighsts ill the late
itrikes in the Southwest, anid to) show an
ipp1reciation of the hbrothierly aid the
[Ceneril AssembIlly appoinmted a comnmit
ee to preparne an address to tile Granges
0 bIe pr(esetd ait its natioiial conlvenl
lOln.
Powvderly's plan, 51s it is called, (If State
Assembnllies will (1o away withl imny un
'lccessary strikes. [t provi<des, aimonig
,thmer tiings, that noe assembldy bunit State
iid national shatll have power to order
ithler a strike or b)oycott. if a local
ssemb1hly wanmts to) orderl a strike it mullst
rirst get the coinsent of the district and
hlen of the State assemlies.
0O1e of the imo,st importanlt subjects
innder conisideratin biy the Assembly is
lie blreachi betweenl the Knights and time
iradies uihonl. All agreemlent or treaty
inay b)0 fornmlated, whereby eaceh side0
silI lose nlothinig of its prncoiples aind
mlable eachm other to work in harmony.
Bluiii lTaglnR, colored, was drowned at
ltocky Mounrt Ferry, Lancaster, last Sun.
-lay.
PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHER.
A Statrltemt of some of Their Needs and Their
Dlscouragenments.
(From the Philadelphia Times.)
"I do not see what she has to com
plain of. Works only six hours a day,
five days out of the week, and the rest
of the time she can do as she pleases.
She is paid by the public, so there is no
chance of money loss, and, take it all
together, she is as well off as anybody
can be who works for a living."
The above is the opinion, not of one
or a dozen persons in a community, but
of a majority. Because the school be
gins at 9 o'clock it is taken for granted
that the teacher's duties date froni that
hour; because it closes at 4 or half-past
four in the afternoon it is supposed that
nothing remains *for her to do, but
she can don her wraps, go home, shop
and visit ad libitum until the hour for
retiring has come. During the hours of
confinement in the school-room she can
sit in her chair by a desk or walk quietly
around the room, looking after some two
or three scores of bright-eyed young
sters who are busy studying (?) and real
ly need little attention. That she earns
her money easily is a foregone conclu
sion. But does she?
The fnct is, he honest, earnest, faith
ful teacher works harder and more con
tinuously than almost any other laborer
in the community. Mind, I say the
"honest, faithful teacher." That there
are those in this employment, as in all
others, whose only object is to get
through in some way, it does not matter
how, only that they are, sure of their
lpay, I do not deny. The result of their
ork, or the lack of it, shows how much
("f thought and enthusiasm entered into
i'., doing. Their duties are left behind
them when the school-room door closes
in the afternoon, and "a good time" is
the watchword until they enter it in the
morning. That is not the kind of teach
er I am talking about.' It is thc kind
that soon finds no place unless political
influence interferes to make and keep
one.
The position of a conscientious teacher
is no sinecure. Far from the labor be
ing confined to six hours a (lay, it fre
quently extends deep into the time which
should be given to sleep. Present
methods require quite as much brain
work to be (lone out of school hours as
in. There are weekly, monthly and
term examinations to be conducted.
Most of them are written, and this in
volves lhe careful examination of as
many papers as each teacher has scholars,
multiplied by the number of studies pur
sued. You who think this is a small
matter, try it for one time with one sub
ject in your own family. I have known
many teachers who spent every evening,
those of Saturday and Sunday included,
for weeks at a time in thin kind of work,
until body and mind were utterly ex
hauste(. And these were not exception
al (ases. 1 caninot. see where the "easy
time" comes in for thseill.
Aside from this is the absolute necessi
ty of keeping abreast of the progress in
all matters pertaining to education. Each
year brings its changes. Science -oes
not stand still. New discoveries are con
stantly being made and what was thought
to be true yesterday may be proven false
to-day. No severer critics exist than chil
dren. bet aL teacher h e found hacking ini
knsowlge ori maikin)g a misstatement,
and lier inftluencee is shsakeni. JRepeated1,
amnd it is gones forever.
It is easy to see. then1 th at thle success
fuml teacher ust. he c-onstanItly studying.
Once mastered, alwaLySsimastered, is not
true in he(r cas~e. T1o b e even decently
prepa~red to) dos her work, se nsti be
act ively adert; to lbe all that is demainded
as5 an1 eduicator exacts hours of vigorous
apl))ientioni to study13, and1( these of nleces
sity full into the evening's amld holidays.
Only IL few wveeks ago, ai buitcher toldl me
that her vacation was to lbe givens to at
teniniig aL course of uniiversity lectures in1
ansothIer city, in order to prepare herself
moreil thoroughly for her wvork in IL given
dlirectionI. She hadl no time to give to
rest or recreation, anid I knew that for
weeks slhe had b)een "hlurninig the mid
inight oil'' over thle examinast ion p)apers
of her pup1ils.
T1o keep tile control of the pupils of anl
average school reiiries the expend ituire
of no small samount of nervous force,
ho0w much one0 who haIs never- undlertakeni
it hIas 110 more idea thani of tile strength
of winsg it w~old( take to balance the
averags mlan amid hold(1him inl the upper
air. A mfothler is often worni ouit with
the effort of keeping 11er owns children
limitedl perhaps to two or three-in;
ordier. What wvould 8110 (do wore thast
muniber mulhltip)liedl by tens or fifteen anld
thle strinil kept upi for days and1( weeksi
and1( months anId years? Of course 1
kno1w thait the miothier is taxed ill very
mnisiy other waLys, but tihe remark thalt
''the care of the chiildreni is wvearinlg mie
out" is a very frequent 01n0.
in almssost every othler emuployment
which demnand1s as5 1many3 high (qualifica
tins there is a c,hance (If ad(vnement
ini salary suiflicienit to enialble thIe worker
tos lay aside somiethiing for 5ickness8 and
osld age. Ill this there is little or nione-,
for thle womian whso ever receive over
$1 ,00u0 a year for their lbor are few inl
mnmber. Very msansy have families do-~
penmdinsg upson thsem for siupplort. ,rise
1m5ost p)inchinlg economy will nlot more
thsans make both.1 ends meet without r
gard to the future. 'There is no pension
for- thIemi wheni disabhled, or sulperanua
tion fund when their (lay of work is
p)assed(.
''And yet.,'' you say, '"there al-c not
pslaces enough for those wvho want to
occup)y them. For every vacancy there
sire swvarms of aplicacants, andl the sue
cessfuIl one is always regarded as very
fortunate."
True enough, and it is,.easy to see'why.
Necessity is a taskmans ta rem litl
of one's likes or dislike9. Each year tiud
number of women who must earh thei i
own living increases, to say no o:
those who choose to be in
Teaching has always been egardd a
one of thd most genteel ways opefti'.
them for self-support. It glvesa bettt e
sition in society, presupposes a o
education and the bringing up of a ladh'.
The salary may be small, but it is "e
tain. Then, too-a thing to be regretted
-a large number of the girls who be
come teachers do not look upon it as a
life work, but only a temporary make.
shift which will not affect their position
in society until they marry. The conee
quences or possibilities of long years ofh
such wear and tear does not enter into
their cabulations. With youth and
energy, a probable drain upon the nerv.
outs forces often counts but little.
Besides this, to the earnest teacher
there are 1pleasures in her work that
physic pain. 'The feeling that she is
opening new worlds to young minds,
that she is showing them much that is
worth living for, that she is teaching
them to iecoie strong, brave men sue
cess, it is necessary for parents to give
her their confidence and sympathy, to
regard her as their friend and helper and,
while demanding of her the best work
that can be given, treat her not as the
hireling hardly worthy of her hire, but
with the respect and consideration due
to one who has the highest interests of
their children in her charge.
EMIr S. BOUTON.
THE EX-(ONFIEIIATE GENKRALS.
What the surviving ChIleftain of the south are
Engaged i Now.
(Washington Dispatch to Cincinnati Enquher.)
(len. Marcus J. Wright, an ex-Confed
erate officer, who has charge of the-pub
licat"ion of the rebellion records tnder
the auspices of the war department, gives
the following as to the whereabouts and
occupations of the more prominent gen
erals of the Confederate army. Of the
six full generals appointed by the Con
federate Congress only two survive
Joseph E. Johnston, now United States
commissioner of railroads, and G. T.
Beauregard, adjutant-general of Louisi
ana and manager of the Louisiana Lot
tery drawings. Of the twenty lieutenant
generals appointed to the provisional
army several are living. E. Kirby Smith
is professor of mathematics in the Uni
versity of the South, Tennessee, which
is an Episcopal institution. James
Longstrect is keeping a hotel down in
Georgia, after serving a term there as
United States marshal under President
Hayes. D. 11. Hill, of North Carolina,
was till recently president of the Agri
cultural School of the State of Arkansas
and now earns a living chiefly by maga
zine writing. Richard Taylor, son of
President Taylor, is engaged in building
a canal near New Orleans. Stephen D.
Lee is a farmer sand president of the
State Agricultural College of Mississippi.
Jubal A. Earley practices law at Lynch
burg, although his chief support is de
rived from his connection with the
Louisiana Lottery Company.
Of the major generals, A. P. Stewart
is now president of the University of
Mississippi at Oxford, where Secretary
Lamar was a professor at the time of his
election to the United States Senate.
Wade Hlamptonl is in the Senate. Joseph
Wheeler is in Congress. He is very
wealthy and one of the largest planters
in Alabama. JTohin B. Gordon is a mil
lionaire railroad man and figured con
spieuously alt tile Mont gomlery celebra
tion. Glen. Loring, of Florida, was
engineering in Egypt until a few years
ago, when lhe camne to New York to work
at tile same11 profession. Bi. F. Cheatham
was recently appointed1 postmlaster at
Nash vi lIe, T1enni., b y P resident Cleve
land. Sam Jiones, of Virginia, is in the
judlge advocate generd's oflice. Lafay
ette McL~aws is p)ostmIaster at Savannah,
(Ga. L. B. Bucknler lives in Louisville,
Ky., where lie own a great deal of real
estate, theC revenule of whichl supports
him. L. II. Frenchl earns a scanty sub
sistence by engineering in Georgia. (1.
L. Stephenson is in Fredericksburg, Va.
John U1. Forney, brother of Congress
mnan ]Forney, is in all ins5Umo asylum at
Selma, Ala. Abney H1. Maury is in
Washington, agent for a Newv York life
insurance company. John GA. Walker is
[11s0 in the insurance business here.
Isaae R. Trinmble lives in retirement in
Baltimore on a fortune derived from the
Trimnble whiskey. Glen. Heth is em
ployed by the Government to do en
gineering onl somel Southern rivers.
Cadmlus Wilcox was formerly einployed
abhout thle Senate Chamber, but is now
in retirement, writing a history of the.
Mexican war. Fitzhugh Leo is Gov
ernor of Virginia. Extra Billy Smith
practices law at Warrenton, Va. Charles
W. Field, on1c doorkeeper of the House,
is superintendent of the Hiot Springs
Reservation. William B. Bate is Gov-.
ernor of Teonnesse. WV. H. F. Leo is a
Fairfax county farmer. C. J. Polignao,
who camne over from France to espougo
the Confederate cause, is back in Prris,
busied with immenlse railroad operations,
~J. F. Pagan was marshal of Arkana
under Grant. HeI is nowv at Little Book 'e
William Mahlone is in the Senate, as Is
E. C. Walthall, of Mississippi. John S
Marmnaduke is Governor of Missou~rI an4 -
an aspirant for Senator Cockroll' seat
Pierce M. 13. Young hlas gone to RussfaI
as United States consul general at St.
Petersburg. M. C. Butler is a -SenaIo
of the United States. Thomas L, as
sell, after making a fortune as atto~i~
for tihe Northern Pacific Rlailroad
settled down at his old hoin%
lottesville, Va. GI. W. Curtis 'Ie
president of WVashingtoni an&,LMe
versity at Le-'ingt<m, -Va
Thme small grain crop in AbQll
tv isPoornytanlta1m s.E sat