The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1871-1903, June 14, 1883, Image 1
11F 1V' l'N TO l'UL[*C4; MOIII FY9RDCtTION AND TO T'IE GENIfR tL INTEREST OF TilE COU ITt.
By Da. VUE DLEY & 00- PICKENS, S. C, THURSDAY JUNE 4, 1883 VOL XII. NO 3.
G ENETNE
Tbema out r .4k
Alabama by 17,247.
A4b@ ar11 P e,utty, iV!1-a lPta b
about 100,000 gallons of wine each year.
15otl: dplis f rdl'> th'Ab
lands of Puridio county, Texas, assay
over $1,100 of silvef to tho ton.
The Columbia, S. C., stocking mill is
In oF:ratot} ingthep pyWW, ad is
now turnin Vut 8,,6 paira i uished
et)ckinge d, .
Eight thoy fged4W g jlogs wet e
seized at NeWpj rkapge, by V ited
States officanis, .on a, charge That they
had been cut from dovernment land.
Cotton caterpillars have made;their
apl"earanpe-n ths farm pfMr.- G. M.
Bacon, near 4theus U119 a m.nt.h ear
lier than ever bef6rd knowth in that
locality,
Dick' G
while hu days
since, fo .bul cut
tig ope4. t it con
taincd itety
A factor started at
Key West gfre of ghu
core out of c-ni Ldcassava starch,
which is said to be better and cheaper
than corn for that purpose.
Within eigho en months 650 miles of
railroad have been under castruction
in Mississippi, over $20, .C00 teing t
invested. Durirg the A'tte hears pre
vious only seventy-nine miles of road
were built.
A gentleman ofATalahassee, Fla., put
up a fruit evaporator last week, to util
ize the black-erry ciop and fruits of all
kinds. ' he capacity of the machine is t
twenty-five burhels every twelve hours. f
or fifty bushels per day.
Owing to the wet season and cold
weather a largc rart of the peanut;
llantcd in Virginia have rotted, and
the falners are forced to re-olant or to
abandon the crop. The outlcok is said
to be very unfavorable.
In a farm house rear Bcone, Iowa,
lives Mother fpcnce, agel Ft. In the
same h(use livcs her (laughter, aged 04,
her granddau}hier,-aged 40, her great.
granddaught(r, aged 21, and her great
great grauddaughter, ag<d 2.
"Marietta, Ga., with her population
2,5C0, has sixty old maids, twelve old
bachelors, sEv'nty-two widows, twelve
widowers, ninety-three marriageable
young ladies, forty-five marriageable
young men and only one dude." The
above is vouchfd for as being authentic.
The citizens of Charleston, S. C., are
to erect a monumcnt to John C. Cal
houn, in that city. It will be surmoun
ted by a statue, on which a Roman
sculptor is cngag(d. The statue is fif
teen fcet in l:eight and will be cast in
bronze.
Vicksburg Post: The grit or sand
which is taken from the Artesian well
now in course of construction at the
Floweirce Ice works, at a depth of 160
feet. is composed chiefly of minute
eels, and corresponds exactly with
"bottom" such as is found in the ocean,
hundreds of miles from land.
A t Gonzales, Texas, a colored woman
named Enster Gilmore went to church
after locking up her children in a house.
About ten o'clock the neighbors heard
them screaming, and on reaching the
house saw a colored girl 12 years old in~
S ~ flames. The door was broken dlown, but
the girl was already burned to a crisp,
and( (died in a fewv hours. She had been
holding a small tin lamp in her lap and
had gone to sleep.
Richmondi l)ispatch : A German wo
man immigrant is teaching the farnmers
in the neighborhocd of Norfolk some
thing about sheep-shearing. The Vir
ginlian says: '1 lie muodlus operandli was
simple but very effective, andl a great
improvement on the old Virginia meth
od, which requires two negroes to catch
the sheep, two to hold it and one to
shear. A fter catching the sheep and
tyinig its hind foet together, the womna,
iat dlown on the groundl with her legs
stretched ouit in front and bound the
ianim, l's i.ind ihet to 1:cr right fcot
then taking the sheep's head undler her
left arm she rap'dlly and skillfully plied
the shears wilh her right hand. The
work wias beautifully clone, the fleece
being removed very evenly and the skin
.free from all cuts. When necessary the
sheep was shifted fro,m si(de to sidec.
Thle price of publiec lands in Mexico
ranges from four cents t) muiety ent.s
an acre. A fter l)ecember 31, 1884, the
rates are to be raised. The land is sold
by the, sitio, which comprises3 4,4177
acres. Thus a sitio in Coahuila w=1
cost $238.85, or five cents an acre ; ini
New Leon the cost of a Mitio is 313.39,
or seven cents ani acre ; In the State of
Guanajuato the cost would bue $3,223.-l4
or Feventy--two cen,te :'o acre ; in SOino
ra 1402,93, or nine cents an acre. In
Chilhauhau the price is seven cents; in
Guerrero twenty-seven cents. The
price varies in each of the twepitye.ey,
States, and in the Federal district lts
ninety cents an acre, or $1,029.30 for g
sitlo. These rates aro nuot high, espeg.
ally in Chilhauhau and Sonora. In
buying a sitio there are optionally de
ferred payments, or the money mity be
paid down.
. T'fPxCS OF TifE DA Y.
COnee is being extensively pltihted oin
the Florida keys.
It la said that ther~e are more projec
ted railroads for Alabama than for anly
other State in the Union,
Twe;aty-six hundred barrels of piui .
apples were shipped from Key West$ n
two shipmenta to New York.
Iron ore in large quantitiesa nit o
ncar Salem, near the Norfolk and Wes- e
ern railroad.
u
)ogwood is plentiful in the South, e
mtd is now in demand, it having supe- t
-ior qualities for working into rower e
Oom shuttles.
A capitalist has purchased nearly
,000 acres of ,land in Pickens county, P
Va., at $10 an acre, for the use of thir
y immigrant fami'ies.
f
Since the 1st of September the G ov
rnmen t has collected in the office at
ashville, the iifth district, over $100,
00 on apple and reach brandies alone.
The coinnee of the various mints for
fay was $4,721,200, of which 12.350,- c
100 were standerd dollars. The public
lebt decrease for May was 1-4,890,476. e
The statue to the late Dr. Irvine, of
Iugusta, Ga., will not be un veiled for n
ix monthi. It is expected that )r.
[almage will 'be Vpresent an d conduct
he ceremonies. The statue is a very c
ine rpecimen of art.
Jamcs Whittaker, a colored farmer,
esiding in the Wateree section of Ker
aw county, and the. father of cadet
hittaker, (lieu at few d tys ago. lle
vas an honest., indu4rious man, and
eft a property of sonie $5,000.
A number of English iron and steel
nanufncturers have written that they
ill visit Ter'nessee (luring the first
iart, of June n ith a view of investiga
ing the natura; advantages of the State
or the manufacture of iron, steel and l
'otton goods.
Capt. John Turner, of Savannah, Ga.
rrought up to the city a monstrous
urtle weighing 400 P01,111(1 , which he
aught on the beach at Raccoon Keys,
ear Osabaw Sound. The female tur
le had just come up on the beach to
leposit her egga. The Captain searched I
md found the nest, which contained
l80 eggs.
There are at-present erecting at. Chat
anooga a new furnace to cost t i (0,')00; I
t stove factory. to c'o t "75,000 ; a steel
nill, a hollow-ware factory, a four
tory flouring mill and a large cooper
tge factory. The capacity of the pipe
'orks is being doubled. Two more
vooden-ware factories are contemplated.
Bieside all this, the town is to have a t
irst-class fire department within the t
veek.
Mobile Register : An innovation on
he Louisville and Nashville road has
>een introduced during the last few
veeks in the shape of a refrigerator car
oaded with butter, which leaves Cin.
-innati every Saturday aft?rnoon and
-tms through to Mobile and New ()r
eans, the company supplying the re
luired amount of ice. 'T'e car comteS
brough in lifty-eight hours, arriving
lore Tuesday morning.. ]
A correspondent of the Rugby Plat
eaui Gazette, writing fromi a point
iOven miiles distant, says he ow~ns 200]
icres of land andl pay.s only $3 taxes.
)ne hiundired acres are enough, lie saiys,
ror one man to farm, as farmers in that
'ection dlepend upon the magnlifi'enit
pasture ini the woods for their eattle
lnd sheep. Sheep are $2 a head, eows
1-20 and( horses *(60 to $80. Seyen oth ler
E~nghsh families arc settled in the neigh,
borhood.
A " lady artist.," offered to openi a
studlio in Toledo, pa8yinlg all the schiol
Lars $8' a week and Eelling their plictutres
for thiemi. She requ ired $35 in ad var,ce
as "'gumaran tee oIf goodl faithI."' Tiir v.
five young "fresh"' Tloledo girls, fooled
by this pr'epost.erouis ofler, handed over
their motley, and( on1 Mondlay met at the
designated "studio " It was a pictumre
of itself. An empty room, thirty-five
empty pocket books, and equally vacant
faces staring at one another.
Theli task of coiunt inrg the ltrookl yn
bridge receipts of tho first twenty-fouir
hours was finiishied F"riday. Two mn
were engagedl on it. early in the dlay, and~
later the number was inicreased to seven.
The count showed thP~ t I tO,8t18 paying
foot passengers went upon the bridge
betweeni the 01p(ning onl Tu'esdhay iiight
and 12 o'clock Friday night. Thew tolls
collected for vehicles amiounited to $59i7.
28. The total receipts were $2, 000. It
was estiinatcd in the office o,f the b'ridlge
that in additioni to the paying foot pas
sengers 50,000) personsW' went, i pon. the
bridge in the course of thle t wenty-four
hours in vehicles or without paying, so
that the number for the first day was
was c'lose' to 190.000.
A company with a capital of $100,
(l00 hitaheen formed in New York to
1,rovideC peoplhe w ithi ready-cooked moals.
Al modelll k itIchen, witlII a high p)riced(
cook andl assistant,s have beeni sece.,
Mdeals atnd re fre.shmnits will be0 deli
ered by a newly iinvented wagon with
special apparatus. Eatch imeal for each
'fdnmlywll be put 'up. at the general
kitchen in a tight coffee box, on1 special
toiter-p x,la1d diseptan pl'an btemado
ierated by a small heater under the
"agon. This method has been thor.
ughly tested, meals having been deliv
red at a long distance in good condi- ,r
ion. The prices chargel are too high
xcept for people now able to live at Ur
rst-class hotels and restaurants; but air
te stheme might easily be adapted for El
ersons of moderate means. There are
i it many economies-wholesale prices da
r materials and a saving in service and tic
tel. th
-- th
A Rer.edy for I)vorces. Co
Marry in your own religion.
Never both be angry at once. m
Never taunt with a past mistake. i
Let a kiss be the preludo of a rebuke. m
Let self abnegation 1)e the greatest
rrthly blessing. to
"I forgot " is never an acceptable hi
MICe.
If you must criticise lot it be done bc
)vilgly. - ac
Make narriigo a matter of n:.oral judg
lent. D
Marry into a family which you have ol
mg known.
Never make a remark at tlhe expense pc
f another. W.
Never talk at one another, either alone
r in company.
ive your warmest sympathy for each
ther's trials. t f
If <ne is angry, let the other part the
ps only for at kiss. s
Neglect. the whole world 1be.,ide rather 11
lttut one another. ti
''lie verv felicity is in the nmisntnal cnl
ivation of usefulness.
Never speak loud to one another unlesst
he house is ov fire. s
Let each strive to yield oftenest to the ?
ishes of the other. Is
Always leave home with loving words,
tsr they may be the last. I
Marry into differcnt blood and ten- a
scramncit from yot;r own. le
Never deceive, for the heart once mis- fr
nd eanl never trust age in. W
It is the mother who molds the char- I
eter and fixes the desinv of the child. t(
Never find fault unless it is perfectly
ertain that a fault has been comitted. t<
Do not herald the sacrifices you make w
>r each other's tastes, habits and prefer- '0
1: ces. rc
L.t all V',ur mutual acconmolations si
10 splontanelous, whole-souled and free t<
s nir8.
A hesitating or glum yielding to the t<
tishles of the other always grates upona p
aving heart. e
''hev who marry for physical eharac. is
eristies or external considerations will
uil of happiness.
(onsuilt one nuother in all that comtes
-ithtin the experience, obscrvation and
here of the other.
Never reflect. on a past action witich
its done with a good motive and with
he est judgment at the htim..
Tie beautiful inl le,rt is a million
inmes of imore avail, as securing doies- J
i happiness, than the beautiful in per
The Origin of Restaurants.
The use of restanrants has become so T
eneral all over th world that it will he r
nteresting to many to hear how they x
riginated, and to what they owe their 1
LOw familiar name. It appears that the
irst of these establishments was started f
a 1765, by a man rejoicing in the not
nappropriate name of Boutlange. This
late has, however, nothing to do with c
lie choie of the title by which the new a
touses of entertainment were known. f
n order to explain t his we must go back
o the seventeenth century, at the end 1
if which one of the soups, or liiquid ali- e
nenits, miost used by thes pe'ople was a
tonill/on known as the "' divine rst iorer.'
.t wits made ti of the remins -tf f ,wls
mid v'iands boiled downi itn anu altmisiue,
rit h crushed barley, dried rose-s and(1
)amsasens curransts. As it was onily lie
lass of compt~aru tively well to-do' per
otis wvho could afford such a luxury, us
~enius was required to bring the " dli
'ine res'tor'er" withIini the reaebl ofs all thle
nulititudel. Hie was found ins a certin
loctor nmtsed Gusilliand, whlo proose
,o provide "' an excellent suibstitute'" for
lie real neetair by cooking a fat fowl in
little aromatized water, anid selling t.he
)onil//on as "' divine.'" At that time the
>rivilege of (cookinig unid servinig ruqp>uts~
.ias reservedi for the traitcwurs, (or licensed
itilalrs, and that of providing set
lisnners was securecd bsy charter to the
-orpot ation of the ro/issrurq. it thIo
ieow sellers of f he "restaiurs sit divins"
ver'o free lances, bound by no partien1.
sr rule, and( they moreover claimed to
save a more soheet set of clients than the
mmsons eating-hioses.; Consequent ly
lie restaurasnta, as they cameis to be6
-alled, soon achieved an oxti aordinary
-eputtationt, and at loength their pirop~rie
ors fosunds it necessary to combine with
heir old profession 'that of /r'ai/curs,
rihichs word was in the process eclipsed
>y the more new-fansglcd ternm rcs(aura
cur.
Fear' or Disease.
It is said th at while the plaigue was
aginig itn lhisenos Ayrecs, thle grave
liggers b(orie chtarmn"d lives. Of the
111 muen so5 employed not one (died of
the disease.
It has oftens beni nioticed thait drn
lie pirevalence of pestilent Iial diseusses,
1)1hysieianis, undssertaklers, nsiuses and
g:atve-diggeris, whose buiisiniess compe1~tlled
conastant lability' to .infect ion, have
usually escaped-s in a fitr greater ra tic
thats '.eir snumbercis would warrant.
'The "'charms '' from thIis inununiityi frosm
the prevailing scoutrge is very s-ispe
Thecy ate nsot .siarrel. Thesy site posi/ir
to the (1isease-, anid repelt- its att tacks{.
/-'ear' is a great ally of dleath. Whioeve-r
is afraidl of disease is ini a ur qsa/ier cosn
dlitionst, anid really invite's it-s appI roacsh.
Andu thuss it is the world overs. Thess
brave <bt' buit cute-, whIih-' eowtards 'list
mantiy times5c.
Mugh-l utnnecssaryv :ta mt 'is1t it
every'5 c(niin tsnity ins :-'gt to muanyi
easu. We are', if is~ trse, all liatlsh- I
sicknes~s a nd detat h. listt if we arse :,I
sobers, cls'anly andi b'rave of hesat, wse
needl have nso fear of dlisease of bodsy or
mind.
No-ur that wh-enr me-n (5) worthily, bst
wiltd flt-y do su ti s. sfusly, is wsha't
tson ms:;s ha;:ste to recordl.- I%c, c/s
BITS OF INFORMATION.
['n population of Prussia is in the
>ortiou4 eleven Protestants, to soven val
tlc.pat
['an Revolutionary war cost the fro
ited States 8185,193,703. GreatlBrit- fav
lost 50,000 men, incurred a debt of ,
[)0,000,000 or $500,000,000, and lost oil
r American colonies. ize
l'H,a selection of Friday rs "hanging ho.
y" probably was duo to the supersti- tia
n1 that Friday is an unlucky day and bet
> fact that iho most unlucky thing l'b
it can possibly happen to a man is to al
be hung. frc
THERE is a kind of lemon which grows pt
Southern Europe as sweet as an or
go, but all other species of lemons are t"
tensely sour. fec
TIHt, term " Gottham " was first applied '
New York city in " Salanagundi " (a '"u
[i.orous work by Washington Irving, hf
illiam Irving and James K. Paulding), h
cause the inhabitants were such wiso. co
res. of
UNDER the rulings of the Post1.,lco of
nipartment-, " Postmasters arc not I
ltged to accopt, in payment of post- ho
e stamps or stamped envelopes, wrap- be
,rs, etc., any currency which may be 1Tl
mutilated as to ho uneurrent., or the tlh
mnuineness of which cannot be clearly a
certained." of
DIw is the condensed moisture of the
moaphere. During the day, under the a
in's rays, water is exhaled froin all ga
oist, and watery places, and is held in or
e air in the form of vapor. When the to
in goes down the air is cooled, and h1
erefore contracted or con(lensed, and i
e water is deposited uplonl cool sth-. I
ances. Drops of water on the outsido as
a pitcher of cold water in the summegr P
dew. 11
OCTAVO, also written 8vo, is from the w(
ntin octavus the eighth, and describes al
book formed of sheets folded in eight an
aves. Duodecimo is similarly derived in
om duodecimus, the twelfth, and is ha
ritten I2no. So we have 4to, quarto, w
imo, sexdecimo, and so forth. The ai
rminal follows the Latin form.
Tim deepest well in the world is said is
be that at. Sperenberg, near Berlin, gi
hich was excavated in the attempt to ai
)tain a supply of rock-salt. This was di
ached at. a depth of 280 feet from the ti
irfarce, and the boring was continued ac
a maximum depth of 4,194 feet, the it
ratum of salt boring being followed ai
> a depth of 3,907 feet without being 5)
ierced through, and the boring then ti
iscontinued on account of the mechan- ti
!al difficulties of the operation. is
THE following figures will show the i
xtent of the United States as com pared 9
ith the British poassessions in North b
merica : h
Covu~ ry. * 'jfr 11uarea.
nited Slates.------- .....................3,6:0',864
British Poasesina -
ntarto.................................... 121,260 c
uebec........................... ........ 11 ,020
ovaScotia................................ 1$,;70 a
ew nriinawick............................ 27,03 t
ritieh Columbia- . ... . . . .. ... . 2:1.,1111
[anitoba....... . ... -- -... .......... . ,000 a
ortlhweatern and ldaon nay 'rerrtorew..2,2 M,726 I
nbra,or and Arctic Ocean latald niake a
total of....................... ...........,5Y 0, o
To " CUT a dido " is a very common
hraso. We never heaad of but. one de- a
ivation of it, and that is somewhat
iythical. According to that account, tl
t a.zose from the conduct. of Dido, who
as Queen of Tyre about 870 years he
are Christ. She fled from that place r
pon the munlrdr of her husbanl, and, t
ith it colony, settled uip111 the north'ern .
oast of Africa, where she iilt Carth- i1
ge. 1einry in want- of land, she hir
ained witi the natives for as muc1,
md as she col surround with a b1ull's
ide. IHaving lad,le the agrenemnt, she C
at a bull's Jle ilto tinto sttings, and, a
vingJ thseim togeti,-r, iclaimed ans mch '
odi, as she ecoulId surrou atnd wifth thln ag '
ne she luuad thusama de. Thei natives al- .
>wedi thle celuminilg Queen to havevi her *
,y ; butt, when anybody played oil' ai
harp t rick, they saidl he had " cut a'
)ido."' You (can hmel ieve as much of this
tatemenCit as your juidgmient will saow.
Monotony of City LIfe.
Th'euinotony of life in the central
h0 o liny gre1it modeirn city, where
veryv elmot iln initulede to be derived bmy
lea from the sight of natuire, or the
Cienseto art., is forb iddlen forever, leaves
lie cravinig of tihe heart for a sincero,
'et thankful, initerest, to bo fed from
mec sourci'e onlly. Under natural c~oiili
ions the degree of meintal excitciemnt
iceessary to bodily health is provided by
lie couirse of the seaisonis, andt the vairi
am skill and fortune of agriculture.
In the country every mor'ning of the
'ear birings with it a niew iaspe(ct of
pringing or fading niaure ; a niew~ duty
o bo fulfilled upon05 earth, and a now
>romhise or warning in heaven. No day
s without it.s innoacenit hope, its sip'cil
>rudtece, its kindly gift, ands its stalimoe
langer ;and in every process of wise
misband(ry, amid every effoart of conitenid
nig or remnedial 'oura'igei, tihe whoI(lsomie
>aissions, pide, and bodily power oif tihe
ilhorer are ex('ited and1( exerted in hiappji
st unlison. Th'oecomnpainioniship of (10'
'watie, thme care of serviceable, animals,
often aind enlarge his life, with lowly
hlarities, andi( discipilinie him in familiarI
visdoms andh unboastfuIl fortitudes ; while
lhe divine laws of seed-t.ime which ennl
ot. le recalled, harvest whieb cannot he
istteiied, lrnd winter' in which no marn
an wor'k, compel thle imupatieiieies and1(
oavet ing o,f his heart into labor too sub
nissaive to be auiriolis aiid rest foo sweet
What thoughlt enni enouigh coilmrehenCd
lie co:) a" hedt ween suc(h life, sand thiat
ni st r.ets w iere suimmier andl winter are
mily alter.tatains of heat anal col,
vbiero 'ow lever fell white, norl sun1
hin eif Ca ;5i where thle grouind is onily a
>avemes ut, aid thec sky ino more thiani tihe
(lass ro of an arcade; where lie ut
nosamt power of' a stor'm is to clhoke tile
tutters, and the finest magic of sparing
o a'han age mud1 ite dust ;vhere - chief
id mo rst fat at di ffetreace iinI saite .thern'I
s no inteet of ()Cnpii on for any oat
im' inihaitanits hat theii rouitini of
-aunter or1 desk within doaors. and thle
.Wort t( a :ss eacht' ot her without colhli
ion1 oultsie; so Ilhat from a mrninig to
'vening the only possibale var'iatioin of
lie monol( toiiy of the thurs, and lighlten
ag of the paenalty' of existence, muist hae
iomie k ind( of miischief, limited, unless,
by3 mor'e than ordinary godacend oif fatal-.
t'y, t thai fall of a hsorcse, or the slitting.
,f aL ,o,jkeL,-I'Ud/.ind.
SCRAPS OF SCIENCE.
1 AERMAN chemist has etailblihed the I
ttable fact that wood inpreguated wit.h
afline oil is preserved for many yea 4
to rot, even under circumstances nost tl
orable to Aecay.
1 cORIRESPoNDF."r of Nature gives the 1)
owing natural experiments with polar- ii
Il light: Break ofl a plate of ice and
d it between the sky and a pool of
ter. Its reflected image will show the s
attiful colors due to polarized light. is
o incident. rays should come from a i:
t of the sky ahout ninety degrees a
mo the sun, and reflection should take g
.ce at the polarizing angle for water, r
I the plate will probably require ad- o
ting to bring out the niaxinm ef- E
t.R
kiirnoroni Dr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys has.C
ring a period of between fortv and
y years, dredged, as nn explon'r, all
3 seas of the British Isles besides a:
siderahlo part of those on the c asts
North America, (Greenland, Norway,
ance, spain, Portugal, Morocco, and
tly, he never found atything of value
eOpt to a natralist., nor any hnuman
lie, although matnty thousand luman 1
ings must have perished in those seas.
e gems, ''dead bones," etc., that was
)ught to form the floor of the ocean
pear to exist only in the imaginatioan
the poets.
rI. artificial means lv which drowsi
ss nay he intduced hawe been investi- r
ted lately 'n Germanny byN" Pr(-yer. The
1iinary dre I wsince-s o f fatigle splpo ,1 1
be caused by the ittrotduction iata the
aod of lastic acid, at coml omp(Iod pr ao
editg from the distingeration of tho
>dily tissues of netves and muscle. To
certain whether this view was correct,
eyer administered large quantities of
e acid to animals, and found that it
)ald induce a drowsiness and slimber
parently identical with formal sleep,
d from which they awaken seemingly
tell refreshed. Not only laetate soda,
ttsour milk and whey, fed to anials
lict land been fasting, produced this
titicial sleep.
TE conditions prescribed by the Brit
4 Government in the manufacture of
tnpowder for the public service Irovide,
aong other things, that the wood
>gwood -for the charcoal shall be of
e utmost cleanliness, any traces of bark
Ihering to it constituting an imnurity
suring its immediate condemtationI,
ad the wood must also be cut in tho
>ring of the year. If the latter opera.
an is performed when the sap is risi:g
te hark is easily removed, and thae woo
left perfectly clean; but wood cut later
the year or in winter is perfectly as
>od, only in this case the removal of the
ark is a much more ditlieaat amatter: th
rocess of separation involves the boiling
f the wood, or, if this is imtpraeticalble,
te whole of the bark must he slaved
fY with a knife. The objection eltictIly
taracterizing both the boiled ' ann'
taved, for gunp owder manufacture, Ihat
icy do not keep so well when stacked
s the spring-cut wood, going to decay
meh faster.
Res-r.-Professor 13arff, of London,
as discovered low to treat iron vessels
a as to render then: wholly safe from a
3ndency to rust, so tlat. hoilers, if the
-onl of whicl thcy are ma<e had been
as treated, wo uld be safe agaiaast tihe
rtrrosion cautsed by the water, and cooi
ag vessels would no longer need either
a he matde of copper or filaanisi-hed with
tin lining, while spades and rails and
onl keels and plates, and the locorno
ves oin our lines, and all the countless
on instrtmetts of our modern life
ould I be safe against the most destrae
ve of all tle ageacies which vaste then
way. The process is to coail( tthe iron
'ith te nagaetic oa black oxide of ir oa,
hichwl is ntot onitly intcaab le tat rust, 1but
arder thanthe ir oan its.elf, an td whai(a
dhteres fto ironat with1 a tenacit y greaater
hant tlhat wiathl wichte thec variouas strata
f thec iaona adhelare togrethIaer. I 'roafessor
lrtaubjects thea iront tuo suplerbi'ated
team aaat a t empeI raiturte of fromta 5001 to
,'200 Faharenhaleit , anid it thea ex p.mro-u is
tinu-itaed from live to seven hourtias thlis
oaiting is faairly~ formeda, anda if thla latter
etmperature is steenred it will ad hero so
-losely thtat tnot eveti a tie will scrap 14'
4f' Praofessor Bar'ff left iront vessels
laus trteatead out eta thte lawat for six weeks
cluring thec late rainyv weatheur, nndat when
b)roughat ina thtey were as brtighat as b efore
thecir expaosutre. Tiheo coatinag does tnot
raffeact theo surf:ae, except lby turniatig it
black.
A Changedl Mode of Livinug.
Thle Clevelanmd Sun says:-"-'Sietntor
Bob Hart,'" the necgao minast rel, uased to
lbe a great favorite in thte Weast. His
sftaumpI spleechies andt his exeruaciatinag
L~atian'weare hais cie stock ita traide, but
they wer*e eatottgha ta give haima a better
inacomet tan half theo protfessiontal men
rget. Well, a coupalo of yeats tago, whten
lie wast almost (lead with adelirium
ateens, hae staiggeredl into a revival
aaneting antd was convteViV4d, aand( sineo
th'a lhe h as 1baeen knaowaa as thle Revy. Jl.
Ni. Stherland,al and a mnor-ietlaonsistentt,
aarnecMt Charistian! exhtoater nieve'r lived.
lie has for naarly two years been itn thla
imploy of the City Missioary Society.
which pay lhim $20) a wee'k, on whicha Ihe
mpp)horts lais wife antd daughater.
?5haicagoanas caat reamlmber wheat Bob
Rart got $300) a week dutring san etire
teaston int thast city. Heb works amuong
hle poor people1, sad parenehas sevecral
:ames a week anid twice (on Satndaays. Hto
ant't touched a drop of liunotr si'tiee thlo
.ight fromt wh'ichlhea dates hais conuversion.
T. were sftnding just hiv the frott
gate, of f-la old farm'a-honas', Fa amar
Rtobinson leaniang (ta thle gaterost.
" Well Miss, 1 hope1) yfou'vet tetja I. '
youtrseft thtis summer. We' hain't hput
oni mutch style for you. buit we've tatt
to treat you all righ 'd I Don't. mntionla
It, pray," repllied Miss Fit zroy. "' Its
been thte most de'lighatful season L eve'r
knew. Whly I've letaraned so mucht abiott
farming that I ree.ly believie I shiall set
out a small watpeeon orohard in. 4art
garden next stammer anti will start a
pumpkin patch in our conaservattory int
the winter."
"KNow what good society 137 I reckon
I do!" cried Mr. Griff. "Why I've becen
puat (out of more thana twe"nty as swell af
frairs as ever wero gotten'up in thais city.'
.- Io oin J)M2
TORTURING BY ELECTRICITY.
'he Agony Which the Killer, of the
Czar Were Conpelled to Undergo.
Russakoff and Jaliboff, the killers of
io Czar of Russia, were mercilessly put
torture. Russakoff was electricized
y powerful batteries, and forced by the
itolerable agony he suffered to answer
te questions put to him.
Park Benjamin, the scientific expert,
qid to a New York reporter: "The
lea of torturing criminals by electricity
not original w-'th the Russians. It is
British inve.tion, and was first sug
ested about five years Ago by an English
uechanioal journal, in commenting up
n the execution of criminals by electrie
hoek instead of by hanging. The En
lish writer wanted to do away with the
at-o'-nine-tails, which is administered
n England to garrotera and other crim
nals of certain classeti, and use the elcc
rie battery, as he somewhat grimly ex
>ressed it, no as to produce absolutely
udescribanble torture, uinaccompanied by
rounds or even bruises, thrilling
hrough every fiber of such niscreants.
'hero was an American inventor who
tad a design for inflicting this spec;es of
inuishment. le fitted brackets of iron
n the arms and thighs of the criminal,
mnd placed in them wet sponges. When
,onnected with a current-of electricity,
he shock would by this system pass
hrough the legs and shoulders, and
ivoid the vital parts of the body.
"'The torture inflioted by elect ricitv
a of two kinds-by contraotion of th'o
nuseles at rapidly-recurring intervals
mnd by burning with sparks. The tort
ires of old days, when not done by fire
>r compressien, were the straining and
earing asunder of the muscles. Of this
<iud were the rack, scavenger's daugh
:er and the cages of Louis XIV., in
which a man could not stand up or lie
lown. The electric shock exactly re
verses these conditions. It produces an
enormously-rapid contraction in the
body of the muscles at very short inter
raIs. The degree of pain produced is
nbout the same. The force of the eloe
tricity has io be nicely graded, as a too.
plwerful sho'k would numb or kill a
man.
S''he other nethod is by condensing
a number of intormittent sparks on the
flesh. This buirns the skin, andc at the
same time produces contractions of the
muscles. If put to the side of the jaw it
would make every tooth ache."
A distinguished surgeon, of whom
<luestions were asked concerning the
machine, said: "The beat way to ex
plain it is to give you actual experi
ence : then you will know exactly how
it feels. Here is a Faradic induction
coil. I pull out this tube a little way.
Now, let me place this electrode in your
hand. There."
"Oh ! " exclaimed the inquirer, as a
tingling, thrilling sensation ran through
every finger, and his hand closed in an
involuntary grasp.
Does it hurt ? " asked the doctor.
"A little."
" Well, we'h try again. Now, you
see, I pull this tube further out. I
again touch it to your hand and--" -
''Whoop I" shouted the victim ; " take
it away !"
The feeling was as if the hand was
crushed in a vise. Every nerve ached
and trembled with pain.
" That hurt, did it ? Why, that's
nothing. Here's something of a very
different sort.'
Slie fastened to one wire a small wet
sponge, and to the other wire something
like a paint-brish, with the brush part
made of fine wire. Ile put the sponge
in the visitor's hianl and then touched
tlie hack of the hand with the wire brush.
'The pain was unbearable. The surface
of the sk in was scorched and the muns
(les of thle hand were contracted in a
vioilent manner.
'lThat is cal led thle e'lectriE scotrge,"
sa id thE doctor. "' Itf it were dlark you
conl see sparaika fly from each wire.
Imagine the effecet if the electricity were
teni timies more piowerfiul."
"Could any mnui bear that torture ?''
"'I think not ; any man would confess
under it, b ut it is a question what con
tidlence could be placoed ir such a con
fcssiuun. A man would 'onha ~s anything
toi Esc'ape the agony''
''What could you compare the pain
to?"
"It wouhl be the samie as hurning
alive."
"Would it in jure the man ?
"No ; niot unxless the pain drove hina
insanet. If the battery wats too power
fuil it would kill at once. Applied tb
'ome 'arts of the body the scourge
hints more than on other parts.''
"M.'ggy Weather."
This is a very' aressive phrase for the
"doedys,"as they average, andI the
ot her description tells us so e'xac'tly our
sensat ions under the claminmy air and
('lose templeratuire. " Mug' in provincial
Engl ishi dialect meanis ''fog,'' buit this
probabl ly is traced to the oldler1Irish word
meaning a rip, as our word doe's now.
So that ''mnuggy weath r'' is ,een/herr in
aI cuy - c/on-e weather. 'The New York
AferecnI/Uc Jouira/ explauins why this
kind of weather is always so uncomafort
able:
'"The evaporation of moisture from
our ekin coo'ls us. Evaporation, as is well
kniov.nm, is always a cooling p)rocess. T1hie
heat, fromn heing 'siensibile,' iecomes
'latent,' as the phlih>sopers say--that is,
the heat is used up in making the vapor
andl passesn off in it, just, as the he(at of
thle tiro is used upi in makiing steam, aixd
real ly passe off in that.
"Whien this p)ro'e'ss of evaporation is
raplid from our system, we are rapidily
cooIEled(, andl though thle weather is wam,
are made ('om1ftoatab le.
"Hoit it can lbe rapid only -..heni the air
is dry. Air already satorate I w.tha nearly
an much'l moistiir ias it ip held, cani, of
co urse. hake iup very lit'e m'nore from the
evaporat ioni of elhjeet. ona thle surface of
ihn earth. lIn xuieh we .t her ywoi imst. go
oni as best we can wit hiout thle c'omtfort o)f
this c'ool ing I meess.'~'
"Th'le inuig is a nia tumralI 'htygromxeter,'
so,mewhuat rude, it in true, to te'll us how
mucli moistumre ther" ;s ini the atmos
phtere. A rea/ hy,gronmeter only tells the
same thing mol))el accurately.''
L,ONoFHEJjw evudentfly paid his fare.
I idin't he write "Exe'lior, '' "'Try nol
thm par. the old man said 1'
Cor. rain water and eoap'will remoVe
,nachine grease from washable fabric..
KEnoesE will make your teaetl
s bright as iiow. Saturate a woolen
rag and rub with it. It will also reiiove
'tains from the clean, varnished furni
tire. "
8rMP-LE and tasteful table-ovgr ,for
bedroo.ms may be made of pale blue
Canton flannel trimmed with antique
ace, .or with velvetl ribbon feather
stitched on. and finished with fringe
made of blue split zephyr or Shetland
wool.
Teis is worth trying : Take half a
easpoonful of black pepper in powder,
me teaspoonful of brown sugar and one
easpoonful of cream. Mix them well
:ogether and place them in a room on a
,late where flies are troublesome and
hey will very soon disappear.
AN exchange says : " To clean out a
dtove-pipe, place a piece of zinc on the
live coals in the stove. The vapor pro
aLuced by the zinc will-carry off the soot
by chemical decomposition. Iersons
who have tried the process claim it will
work every time."
To RavivE old kid gloves make a thick
muscilage by boiling a handful of flax
seed ; add a little dissolved soap ; then,
when the mi)aure cools, with a piece of
white flannel wipe the gloves, previously
fitted to the hand ; us- only enough to
take off the dirt, without wetting through
the glove.
REcirF for making eau de cologne :
To 3 pints of alcohol of 25 degrees add
121 drachms oil of lemon, II drachms
oil of orange, 2* drachns oil of cedrat.
l i drachnis of vervain, 21 drachms oil of
bergamot, 2} drachms oil of mint, 5
drachms oil of lavender, 13 dracims oil
of white thyme, 2 drachms oil of Portu
gal, I drachms oil of rosemary, 8oinceq
tincture of ambretta, and 1 pound can
de nielisse. Mix well in a bottle, and af
ter standing six hours add 2i drachms
tincture of ambergris. Then filter until
clear.
ViY pretty vases can be made from
long-necked bottles as follows : Sattr
ate candle nicking or string with kero
sene, wrap it around the bottle twice,
and tie it, placing it where you want the
neck of the bottle broken off. Light
the wick all round, and in a few minutes
a crackling noise will be heard, which
tells you that the bottle is severed in
two, and will leave you an article shaped
like a tumbler. It is preferable to have
them as long as possible, unless you de
sire more than one. If so, two tall ones
and one about two-thirds theirsize make
a pretty set. Cut out bands of gold pa
per and paste around near the top and
bottom, also a circle for the center. Or,
if you desire, they can be painted any
color and ornamented with gilt stars and
embossed pictures, after the manner of
decorating pottery.
The Largest Farm.
The wheat ranch of Dr. 11. J. Glenn,
in Colusa county, Cal., is perhaps the
largest and best-known in the State.
The Chicago Tribune says that on be
ing asked why lie raised nothing but
wheat, Dr. dlenn replied: " It is the
only crop that will bear transportation;
it. is the only crop not perishable. I
must not raise on may land what ruins
me, but what is profitable." l)r. (Ilenn's
ranch comprises about 60,000 acres of
land, and the number of acres in wheat
each year ranges between -10,04) and
50,000). Reckoning an average of fromi
twenity to thirty-five bushels to the aere,
the aggregate crop each year amounts
to something more than 1,0)00,000 bush
els. This enormous amnounit of gi-aini
requiires vast appliances for pilansting
an d bringing it to market; and the cap
ital invested in msachinsery alone sumfls
up a considerable fortutne.
During the hiarvest time ther:e as-e em
ployed on the enstire iranic-l stone 500
mens. Dr. Glenn is general-in-chief of
Ihis force, and the ranschl is divided, for
convenience of ope trations, into inoti
smnaller r-anchies- ench with dIwellinsg
house, biarsns, bl ccksnmith shop, asid cit hei
necessary buildings. Ini chaurge of theso
nre seven foremeni, unsder whom are six
teen blacksmiiths, fosurteen carpsenters,
six engineers, six machinists, five comU
mtsissaries, and inmerous cooks and sei-v
ants. The common workmecn tare dividled
iinto gangs, and detailed wheire thecy are
nseededi. There are 130 g.mng-p lows; 60
heorders, to which belong 1 8) wagonss; 6
eleaniers, 100 harrows, 18 seeders, 6l
threshers, G engines. IBesides, t hero aro
mansuy saller sistrumisents sui veh,icles,
which cannoitt lie classsitiedh. Co-operat -
ing wth thieir hsumani br)ethren, in r the
great labor are I ,000t work-horsses anmI
musIes, with a kinshlsip of 1,000 1briood
mnares and ycuinger stock whsichi has not
yeut achieved the dignity of labor. Tihere'
are 3~2 dwelling hiousces, 27 barnss, I
blhackasmith shops, andc otheri structureic
sufliencit tco swell the aggregato to 1005.
The mnachsineryv could snot be rep)laced for
$125,000; the work-horses and1( mules arse
worth $1 10,000); the brtotd mares usisl
young stock, $75.000); andi the buil insga
on the plaico. $100,000.
ilow an Enthsi~astic Dog Wass Rehnsked
b.y a Par-rot.
A~ genitleumans l ivinig niear thIsis villatge',
says the P'ort Jer-vis U'nion, ituts a parrot
who kntownss a good dheal mor~ie thaniu thet
law allows. A frienid osf his, wvhose name)5
we withhtl for obvt~ious reasonss, calledI
at htis hiouse onse d1ay. A v-alusable younig
Idog, a po,ittr, wass with himi. TIhse two
Igenstlemnen sat ont thle p)oreb smokinug,
andc the pairrot. which is ver-y tame, was
seated in an isterstice ini the trellis about
lie pterch. The (log was lyitng oni the
floosr at hsis nmaster-'s feet and finally hisi
attentions was called toi the bird, which
was lootkintg steadily at hsim. The dog
spran~tg up, dre-w oni thse parriot and
fastensed. Therte lie stotod, still as ac
statue, for fuill thsree mninustes, when thse
partrot, with a contetmptutous flir-t of Isis
featherss, screamied at hinm, "G( o home,
yoii cussed fool !" ThIe (dog dropped tail
antd ears, wheeed iroutnd andc struck a
beelinto over the fields for homse. Sitnct
that time he has refused to point a bird.
Saving hiIs Fairit.
They tell this stor-y of old Bill MuI
drow, the osrigitial Col. Selers, clown ins
Missouri. Bill had enaged sc) largely
in specultions(ii that lits fiendu, the
Sheriff, pirepariatory to mnakinig a levy,
called oni him foi san itnventoi-y of his reail
estate. BiH was equal to the occasion.
He gave in inot ontly Ihis own laud, but
interspersed bsetween tracts much that
was not Ihis own. Now, Muldirow, like
many other unsforttunate mens, was
bilessed wvith sonss-in-law, and to these lie
confided his scheme and asked their
assistance. Hie described his own land
mimutely and instructed them when to
bid.
The sale came off. The first tract
offered did not bielonig to Bill, ansd thsis
soon became whispiered arounsd. The
result was that the bididinug was very
show, and the sale was absout parialyzedl.
The sons-in-law scooped in the hsonus fldt
tracts for a paltry sum, andt thtus tihe
only prper-ty the old( mtnt oiwned waif
avMd to his family