Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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.tn. entnt. DEVOTED TO POLIflo, NORiJiTY, EDUCATION AND TO THE GENERAL INTEREST OF THE LOUNTRY. By D. F. BRADLEY & 00. PJCKENS, S. C.,THURSD.--NO, 9. SUNSETe DY HALLIE 0. YOUNG. in the far west, as the day growr old, I watch a city of dazzling gold; From the minarets that pierce tie sky I listen to hear the muezzin's cry; Altars are many-and aH aglow Their incense smoke is white as snow; Banners of crimson are floating out From arches of opal scattered about; Steeples and spires in splendor vie, And temples of Jasper touch the sky. Hast thou, 0! elt above the trees, An Abelard and Jilolse? My fancy is busy in peopling thee, So high above our earth and Bea; Thy glory illumines the bending skies, And I dream thee a glimpse of paradise, And wonder, and worehip from afar, As augols swing the gates ajar. THE GOLDEN AGE, Story of the Discovery of Gold in California. it was in the month of January, 1848, in a small shanty in the rather squalid little hamlet of Yerba Buena, on the Bay of San Francisco, that two young men from the States, having just printed on a band-press the 150 copies of their weekly paper, sat down upon stools, weary, faint and discouraged, to talk over the prospects of the country and be moan the fate that had cast them where society and money were so scarce. They were Americans, but the land of their birth was as remote to them then as St. Petersburg to a peasant of the Amoor valley. They longed to return, but never expected to be rich enough. The Mexican war was just ended a few months before. The treaty of Guada Iupo Hidalgo gave California to the United States. The California so ceded included the present State of that name, Nevada, anal most of Utah. It was an empire larger than France and England. Divided by a range of mountains almost as lofty as the Alps and longer than the Carpathians, running from north to south, the eastern half was a terra incog nita of barren desert buttes and mount ain spurs, containing throughout its whole extent but one feeble settlement of whites, known as Mormons. Un known savages of the lowest aboriginal type dominated all the rest. The webt ern half, as it then appeared, vas oie great valley covered with bright flowars, rank verdure, clumps of majestic oaks, wooded hill1, sloping from the coast range on the west and the Sierras on the east, hills, plains and valleys alive with herds of deer, elk, antelope and cattle and horses as wild as the game; the charming panorama enlivened and per fected by sparkling rivers, whose waters were as clear as the cloudless sky above them, their banks flanked with a dense growth of ash, maple, alder, willow, hazel, cottonwood, sycamore, wild grape vines, and, toward their confluence with the bays, waving tule of the dirkest green, resembling at first sight the great cornfields on the lowlands of the Ohio. In all this vat valley region there was but one white settlement. It was known as Sutter's Fort. It W'as located near the confluence of the Rio do los Americanos with tihe Sac ramento. To tile far south, beyond the sources of the San Joaquin rnver, not far from the Pacific ocean, stood the " Ciudad de los Angeles," Mexican in its construction and population. A Catholic mission at Santa Barbara and another at San Lis Obispo (Saint Louis, the Bishop) ; another at Monterey on the bay of that name ; another at Santa Clara in the lovely valley of that name ; ibnother called Mission de San Jose not far from the latter, and another at the villagc of Yerba Buena, which has since grown into the city of San Francisco. it was th en a collection of adobes, built around the public square we now call "the Plaza." The waters of the bay extended as far as M~ontgomery street, where the Bank Exchange nowv stands, and a few whalers and small coasting schooners lay at anchor 300. yards from shore, about where the postoffico now stands on Battery street. There were also American sottlements at Sonomt and N apa, composed of farmers who emigrated from the Western States a ifew years before, and here and there arose along the borders of the tule the smoke from the hut of the lonely trap per of beaver. These, with the ranches of the old Dons, their corrals and the inevitable adobe dwellings, surrounded by innumerable cattle and horses, made up the sum of what there was of civilized and semi-civilized life in California at the lino the two young printers of Yerba 4 ]uena were discussing their situation. Now and then a vessel put into the b~ay of Monterey, or San Francisco, or San Diego, to load with hides, or a whaler for repairs, dropping a few Mexican dollars or doubloons, which were the currency of the country. it was, to an active or ambitious Imnd, a dull and listless life ; but to the majority, who loved ease, a healthy climate and beauti /4 fully-diversified scenery. A' pleasing land of drowsy hoad it was, Qf dreams that flit before the half-shut eye, - And of gay castles in the clouds that pass, Forever flashing through a summer sky. About the same hour that the two Yerba Buena printers wore dleploring their fate of isolation from the busy world, a scene was enacting that wvas to have a greater effect upon tile material interests of modern society than any event since the discovery of America. It was on the 19th day of January, 1848, on the south fork of the American river, / Si fifty-four miles east of Suitter's Fort. Early in the morning of that day, James W. Marshall, who was building a mill for himself and Sutter, from which they expected to supply the ranches anid set tlements with pine lumber, picked u > from the bedrocks of the race of the miii - a small niece of yellow meal It weihe about seventeen grains. It was malle able, heavier than silver, and in all re spects resembled gold. About 4 o'clock in the evening Marshall exhibited his find to the circle composing the mill company laborers. Their names were James W. Marshall, P. L.Wimmer, Mrs. Wimmerr James Barger, Ira Willis, Syd ney Willis, Alexander Stephens, James Brown, Ezkiah Persons, Henry Bigler, Israel Smith William Johnson, George Evans, CharIes Bennett and William Scott. The conference resulted in the rejection of the idea that it was gold. Mrs. Wimmer tested it by boiling it in strong lye. Marshall afterward tested it with nitric acid. It was gold, sure enough, and the discoverer found its like in all the surrounding gulches wherever he dug for it. The secret could not be long kept. It was known at Yerba Buena three months after the dis. covery, and the two printers above men tioned put this slight notice of it in their weekly paper, The Californian, on the 19th of April: NEw GoLD MINE.-It is stated that a noi gold mine has been discovered on the American Fork of the Sacramento supposed to be (it was not) on the land of William A. Leideadorfr Esq., of this place. A specimen of the gold has been exhibited, and is represented to be very pure. May opened with accounts of new dis coveries. The Californian of May 3 said: " Seven men, with picks and spades, gathered $1,600 worth in fifteen days." That was a little more than $15 per day per man. On the 17th of May the same paper said : " Many persons have already left the coast for the dig gings. Considerable excitement exists here. Merchants and mechanics are closing doors.. Lawyers and alcaldes are leaving their desks, farmers are neglecting their crops and whole families are forsaking their homes " for the dig gings. By May 24 gold dust had be come an article of merchandise, the price being from $14 to $16 per ounce. The Californian of that date had these advertisements : GOLD! GOLD! GOLD! Cash will be paid for California gold by 1t. It. BucKALEW, Watchmaker and Jeweler, San Francisco. GOLD! GOLD! GOLD I Messrs. Dickson & Hay are purchasers of Sacramento gold. A liberal price given. BEE HIIVE. On the 29th of May the Californian issued a slip stating that its further pub lication, for the present, would cease, because nearly all its patrons had gone to the mines. A month later there were but five persons-women and chil dren-left in Yerba Buena. The first rush was for Sutter's Mill, since chris tened Coloma, or Culluma, after a tribe of indians who lived in that region. From there they scattered in all direc tions. A large stream of them went over to Weber creek, which empties inte the American some ten or twelve miles below Coloma. Others went up or down the river. Some, more adventur ons, crossed the ridge over to the north and middle forks of the American. By the close of June the discoveries hald extended to all the forks of the Ameri can, Weber creek, Hangtown creek, the Cosumnes (known then as the Mako sulme), the Mokelumna, Tuolumne, the Yuba (from uvas, or yuvas-grape), called in 1848 the "Yuba," or " A juba,"? and Feather river. On July 15 the edi tor of tihe Californian returned and is sued tihe first number of his paper after its suspension. It contained a descrip tion of tile minles from pecrsonall observa tion. He said: " The country from the Ajuba (Yuba) to tile San Joaquin, a distance of about 120 miles, anld from the base toward the summit of the mountains, as far as Snow hill (meaning Nevada), about seventy miles, has been explored and gold found on every part. There are no0w probably 3,000 people, including Indians, engaged in collecting gold. The amount collect ed by each man ranges from $10 to $350 per day. Tihe pulblisher of this paper collected with the aid of a shovel, pick and atm pan, from $44 to $128 per day-aver aging.$100. The gross amount collected may exceed $600,000, of which amount our merchants have received $250,000, all for goods, and in eight weeks. The larg est piece known to be found weighs eight pounds." On the 14th of August the number of whlite miners was estimated at 4,000. Many of them were of Stephenson's regi ment and the disbanded Mormon battal ion. The Californian remarked on that day that " when a man withl his pan or basket does not average $30 to $40 per (lay, he0 moves to another place." Four thousand ounces a day was tile estimated production of the mines five monlths after the secret leaked out. In April the price of flour here was $4 per hundred ; in August it had risen to $16. All other sub~sistenlce supplies rose in the same proportion. Here is part of a letter from Sonoma, to the C!aliforniaa, Aug. 14 : "I have heard from one of our citizens who hlas been at the placers only a few weeks and collected $1,500, still averag ing $100 a day. Another, who shut up his hotel hero some five or six weeks since, has returned with $2,200, collected with a spade, pick and Indian basket. A man and his wife and boy collected $500 in one day." Sam Brannan laid exclusive claim to Mormon island, in the American, about twenty-eight miles above its mouth, and levied a royalty of 30 per cent. on all the gold taken there by the Mor mons, who paid it for a while~ buIt re fused after they came to a better under standing of the rules of the mines. By September the news had spread to Ore gon and the soutliern coast, and on the 2dof0 that month th' Californian notes that 125 persons had arrived in town "by ship" since Aug. 26. In the "Dry Dig gimgs"--near Auburn-during the mont 1h of August, one man got $16,000 out of five cartlonA of dirt In the sme dim. gings a good many were collecting from $800 to $1,500 a day. In the fall of 1848, John Murphy, now of San Jose discovered Murphy's Camp Diggings, in Calaveias, and some soldiers of Ste phenson's regiment discovered Rich gulch, at Mokelumne hill. That winter one miner at Murphy's realized $80,000. It was common report that John Mur phy, who mined a number of Indians on wages, had collected over $1,500.000 in gold-dust before the close of the wet season of 1848. A Frenchman fishing in a prospect hole for frogs for his break fast, at Mokelumne hill, in November, 1848, discovered a speck of gold on the side of the excavation, which he dug out with his pocket-knife and sold for $2,150. Three saiors who had deserted took out $10,000 in five days on Weber creek. Such strokos of good fortune turned all classes into miners, including the law yers, doctors and preachers. The ex ports of gold dust in exchange for pro duce and merchandise amounted to $500,000 by the 25th of September. The ruling price of gold dust was $15 per ounce, though its intrinsic value was from $19 to $20. A meeting of citizens presided over by T. M. Lea renworth' and addressed by Samuel Brannan' passed resolutions in September not to patronize merchants who refused to take gold dust at $16 per ounce. A memori al was also sent from San Francisco to Congress in that month for a branch mint here. It stated, among other things, the opinion that by July 1, 1849, $5,500,000 worth of dust, at $16 per ounce, would be taken out of the mines. The figures were millions too low. Real estate in San Francisco took a sudden rise. A lot on Montgomery street, near Washington, sold in July for $10,000, and it was resold in November with a shanty on it for $27,000. Lots in Sac ramento, or New Helvetiar also came up to fabulous prices that winter. By the month of October the rush from Oregon caused the Oregon papers to stop publi cation. In December the Kanakas and Sonorians came in swarms. A Honolulu letter, Nov. 11, said: " Such another excitement as the news from California created here the world never saw. I think not less than 500 persons will leave before Jan. 1, and if the news continues good the whole foreign population, except missionaries, will go." The news did continue good, and they came, some missionaries iucluded. Soon there came up from the mines com plaints of outrage and lawlessness, most ly against Kanakas and other foreigners. How well they were founded, to what they led, and how they were suddenly and summarily silenced, is a story that covers a very interesting vart of the history of California, and the progress of civilization im America. SAMUEL SEABOUGH. Use of Flowers. It's a trite and homely saying, "You can't eat your cake and keep it too," and we are obliged to square our actions with it pretty closely; but there is one pecu liar satisfaction in the cultivation of flow ers, for, in a certain sense, they are an exception to the practical operations of the rules of addition and subtraction, as embodied in the expression of them in the old and popular axiom above quoted. During the growing and b~loomling sea sons of many of the best bedding plants and annuals the flowers can be cut freely and used and the of toner they are re moved the greater the amount of bloom. When plants are allowed to perfect seeds, they soon cease to produce more flowers, as the whole strength of the plant is necessary to mature the seeds. There fore, if you want flowers, cut them and use them; place them on your tables, give them to your friends, and remember those that are sick, and perhaps, too. you may use them to help some one who is disheiartened, or even to lift up a de graded one who needs, above all else, your symp~athy. It would be sad, in deed, if objects so beautiful as flowers should be the occasion of growing sel fishuess. Give them with a liberal hand and he who sends the sunshine and the rain will bless you with increasing blos soms. A gift of flowers can seldom b~e inappropriate, either to young or old, and purity and goodness are painted on every petal. With the gift " Our hearts are lihter- for Its sake, Our fancy's age renews its youth, And dimi-remiembered fictions take The guis of p'resent truth." A Fellow-Feeling. The manager of a dramatic combina tion playing an engagement in Detroit was approached on the last day b~y a stranger, who asked for a pass for that evening: "Why should I give you a pass ?" was the blunt demand. " On account of the fellow-feeling," was the serene reply. "Sir, I do not know you." " Neither do I know you, but that isn't the fellow-feeling I had reference to." " Do yrou belong to the profession ?" " No.' " Then I fail to see how there is any thing in common." "You struck this town last Monday, didn't you ?" asked the stranger. " Yes." "So did I, and I'm going out of it to night dead broke, same as you. That's my point, may it pleasi the court." Th~e "court" whistled a melancholy tune, figured up the cash receipts once more, and then wrote the pass without further argument._____ IN the Austrian army the " caution money," as the sum is called which the candidate for matrimony is obliged to de posit withk the authorities, has heretofore b~een set at 12,000 florina, but a rumor >t revails that the amount is to be d1ouled. larriages have been so numerous in the service that the politicians think it ad visable to check them, When the Fee Comes In. A newly elected Justice of the Peace who had been used to drawing deeds and wills, and little else, was called upon as his first official act to marry a couple who came into his office very hurriedly and told him their purpose. He lost no time in removing his hat, and remarked, " Hats off in the presence of the Court." All being uncovered, he said: "Hold up your right hands. You, John Marvin, do solemnly swear that to the best of your knowledge an' belief you take this yer woman ter have an' ter hold for ver self, yer heirs, exekyerters, adminuitra tors and assigns, for yer an' their use an' behoof forever ?" "I do," answered the groom. "You, Alice Ewer, take this yer man for yer husband, ter have an' ter hold for ever; and you do further swear that you are lawfuly seized in fee siilple, are free from all incumbranco, and hev good right to sell, bargain and convey to the said grantee yerself, yer heirs, ad ministrators and assigns ?" "I do," said the bride, rather doubt fully. "Well, John, that'll be about a dollar 'n' fifty cents." "Are we married ?" asked the bride. " Yes, when' the foe comes ir.." After some funibling it was produced and handed to the "Oourt," who pock eted it and continued: "Know all men by these presents, that I. being in good health and of Bound and disposin' mind, in consideration of a dollar 'n' fifty cents to me in hand paid, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, do and by these presents have declred you man and wife during good behavior and until oth erwise ordered by the Court." Not Up on Goats. The goat is an every-day sight, and the man who does not study hii and learn his ways and habits has only him self to blame. Saturday forenoon a " William " was quietly feeding on Co lumbia street when a load of household goods went past. The owner kept pace 'with the wagon, carrying under his arm a fine mirror about five feet long. As lie came opposite the goat lie met a friend, and of course Le had to stop and tell why he was changing locations and how much lie expected to be benefited. The glass was heavy, and lie naturally dropped one end to the walk to rest his arm. Had this man been a close observer lie would have seen the goat and wished he had a brickbat. Had he made goat, na ture a study he 'would have known bet ter than to lower the glass. But he was a man who despised the trifles of life, and he was telling how many tons of coal the new house would save him this win ter, when the goat, who had been getting mad for two king minutes at sight of a rival in the mirror, went through the glass like a thunderbolt, aid jnmpl)ed into the street with the frame cingliig to his shaggy sides. All that ripping, and raving, and cussing-all the open ag of front doors-all the inquiries by an excited crowd1, could have beenm savit had the citizen but beckonedl to the smahd. est boy on the steeet and asked hiim te give away a few points on goats. --c changc.________ Wearing a Mask. What a goodl thing it wVou.ld b)e if women would onl.y speak their minds. There is nothing that honest nimn desire more than to undlerstandl that miysterious race that is so like them, and yet so unlike, who share their homes but not their thoughts, who are so shrewd, so practical and so irrational. The poor nien yearn the break dlown the invisible barrier and see inito the real life of those they love so) well; but the loved oneCs smile and cebat ter amnd samy p)retty things, and ingenious things and things they have borrowed from meni and improved in the borrowing, but never one wvord of the real thoughts that are working in their busy brains. So thme men flatter and lie because they think the women like it, and the women accep)t it all bcause they think it is man's nature; and the men think women enmpty-headedl angels, and the womien think men are fine intelligent brutes; and the two classes go on loving and despis ing one another accordingly, and all for thme want of a little truth fulness in con versation. An Editor's Trials. No words can tell how much Thmack eray's generous soul suffered in his edhi torial capacity. There is a class of peo pie who look upon an editor's offiee as a bureau of general relief : young widows with numerous children send in mnanu scripts with a frank avowal that they are conscious of possessing no literary ability whatever, but that they feel sure this or that one will be accepted, as otherwise they and their little ones must starve; there are farmer boye who write diagon ally across b~rown wrapping paper2 and beg for favor as a means of acquiring an education ; there are thousands who have failed at everything else, but are sure they can write ; some are p~reten tious andl impudent, others modest and appealing, and with the latter it is par ticularlyhard to deal. A great many aire vituperative, and look upon the editor as a deposit installed to crush all rising genius. More than once, wheni Thack eray paidl out of his own purseC for articles which he could not use, the writers re p~roachied him for suppressing matter which surpassed his own. The work be came unendlurable to him, and~ ho gave it up. ___ A cAT saw some sparrows in a certain garden and went for a game supper. She crawled with extreme caution to within a few feet c* them and made a sp)ring, but instead of catching a bird she strucek her nose violently against the fence.. Rocheetor Unionn THE SOUT TO THE N4OUTHi. (A fraternal Oaluttfion inspired by tA yellou-fevr visitation.] L 'Twas after a glorious battle In the swanips of the Rapidau, I lay on iny back at midnight, A wounded sid helpless nan; But I could weUl bear iny torture, oaping gashes anid broken bones, I heard such delightfull music From Yanks with their mnoans and groanS I hated the Yanks lik. " cold pizon," They sh',t mny father alid son; So aiways I aimed for killing, And carried a loaded gun. The firing and orashing of Zattlo The hot charge and the warrior*a cry, Left, high-heaped, drenched earth with victimus, And the wounded who begged to die. Far otr we czuld hear the roaring Tell of the raging of murderous nen; WO could only have fearing or hoping rhat our sido might the victoi - win. We had narched to the ght in e morning; I fought until forced to stop ; hOW, I Aa hungry and thirsty, uith never a bite or a drop. I thottght of the old-thne dinners, With itany a Christmas feast; Now, of the wasted fragments I'd have snatched for the very leaa I thouight of the sprayful fountain That played by my father's door; I thOUIght of the wild-rice bayou That oft my canoe glided o'er; I thought of the mighty river, Tho plantations flowing through; I thought of the distant heaven That sendeth the rain and dew But these were all ermpty fancies, Which even increased ny thirst, Until ia powerless longing I was like Tantalus cursed. 11. Suddenly, in the thick darknesa, A weak voice made mie of angels think; It said " Halloo I here Johnny would ye be afther takin' a ahrink ?" I was aliosi a-dying, And could not even raise the tin cup, So the friendly hand of the stranger To my lips then raised it up. Sweet, sweet was that drink of water; I never drank sweeter draught, For life was gained from that bounty I gaspin ly, deeply quaffed. Then I whs pered, " Give me your hand, my dare lig I ' Our hands met in a tight, tight clasp. Sud denly, in mey living fingers Limp, nerveless grew his fainting clasp. I ,poke and intently listened, But never a word lie said, Atd sadly I knew another Sri rit from that red field had fled. The snurgeons and helpers were busy; I lay natil morning-light, And then to my tear-dirumed vision Was slowly revealed this sight: A soldier had found a canteen Dropped here in the thick ol the fight, And he, with Lwo halls through his body, Dragged himself to mie in the night. And there on his cap gleamed the letters "U. H.," on the blood-stained gold band, And I saw that he wi.s a brother Against whoin I hard raised my rod IMAnd. He was Union and Ir sh Lightly o'er hirn rest ttie sod I The blue that lie loved above hMin, Ills spirit go'e hone to God. Oh I nen may fight like devils, As if hell oi earth doth reign; But deep inI each human bosom 1ionie chords syrnpathize with pain. Thank God for the noble pity, Darting like electric thrill, Inspiring a kinship-emotion, Bidding evil passions be still. Oh I comrades, ye know our distresses wherever the fever breathed ; Soon over the <ieath-mnarked threshold The fiuneral flag was wreathed. Tougue never can speak the horror Growing blacker lay by day; 'en never can write our anguish, Nor tine's waves wa.0i the record away. Oh! comnrades, ye know our distreuses Made lil hmmitanity sad; And, hurried down* froui the Northland, nich bontty wo fre'ely had. Th'le North gave us muotley, with nutrses Anid doctors noble anmd truan; Drtgs, lprovisioria. and clothirng Tihe North did a 1 she could do ! All honor to sincerest virtuie The spirit of Blayard the ('ood ; To the chivalric North all honior, w~ho showed to ura truest knighithoed I The Gamei of Boston. The game at cards called "Boston," says a late writer in the New York Tines, after the capital of Malssachulsetts, andl~ much played by our forefathers, has lately been revived, it is said, ill New England and in New York, especially here, and is greatly enjoyed on account of the skill required for profIicecy. Boston is played by four persons5 with two packs of cards, which aro never shiufled. One of the packs is dealt and the other cut alterniately, to determine the trumpi, the trmnup governing the game. The dealer decals five cards to each player twice, and deals six cards the last time arounid. If the first player can make, or thinks he can make five tricks from his hand, he says: "' I go Boston," and his fellow-players may ovor b~id him with thc words: "' I go 0, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13," as the hand of each may justify. Should any one fail to make the number of tricks ho bids for, he must pay to each compe~titor a forfeit, regulatedl by a scale of prices agreed uiponi beforehand. The agreement is imperative; 'without it the game is impos sible. It is accounted the most complex and diflicult of all games at cards, and is ther~efore a favorite with professional gamb~lers. Boston has been played in France and England, whore it is often spoken of as the American game. Ben jamin Franklin has the reputation of mntroducing~ it in Paris. lie gave it the name of Is nativo city, and is said to hlave been1 a very clever player. The philosophers of tile eighteenth century, who were his comipanlions in France, were very fond of the game and delighted in its novelty. B~aron d'Holbach la re ported to hiavo said that only a man of genius could excel at Boston. The game has aways been1 played more or less in the Southwest, where much money if still lost and won b~y it. Clear Grlt. A plucky Kentucky schlool ma'4 Miss Hilllbrethl, of Hopkins Count attempjted to punish a boy named for someI mfisde camor, when~f thes dIrew his knife. Miss illbreth him, and 110 brought a club ance, but she filnally wi night the boy's father w broth's b~oardling-houlse an . shamefully. The next day i e thle school -house to continue his abuse, b lut tihe lady had armed herself with a p)istol andl (dared Merrill to enter the door. Merrill ran home, and was returning with a shot-gunl, wheni he was arrested by an officer, but soon escaped, and is now at Large. ALL SORTS. A CMINAKAi has ontered the Harvard Freshmen class. GEoRoE, BANOROFT says Washington was six feet two inches high. OFFENnACH made much money from his operas, but died poor. Mits. FLORENCE'S costumes in the "Mighty Dollar" are insured for $25, 000. A PARIs shop had 67,000 customers one day this fall, and sold $280, 000 worth of goot&. VnMxONr has four venerable ex-Gov ernors living, each of whom is more than 80 years old. WHAT is the difference between a fixzd star and a meteor? One is a sun, the other a darter. TiE woman who has the best time at a pairty is the woman who has the great est show of real lace. TiHE Rochester Jerald says that the man who has a corner in pork should be made to squiel. A NEVADA ball report says: "Miss Honora X. was full of eclat,-in fact, the oclatist lady present." THE honey crop is a pronounced fail ure by one-half. So that wo have not a sweet thing in bees this year. NO LESS than 5,000 Chinamen are now building railroads in Oregon, Washing ton, and British Cohunbia. ATLANTA has a new enterprise, a watch manufactory. It begins with facilities for turning out six watches per day. W. W. COncOnAN, of Washington, has given away $3,000,000 in public benefac tions and $1,000,000 in private charities. HENRY WALLACE and Jane Wallace, his wife, have entered college at Wes leyan University, Ct., as " Freshmen." SPAIN, with only 17,000,000 of inhab itants, turns out yearly twice as much wheat as does Italy, with 28,000,000 of inhabitants. ON the occasion of the celebration of the tenth anniversary of the capture of Rome, all political offenders were par doned by the King of Italy. iugs banks in Italy take as they pay onsidered e people. to Memphis of gold and ran away, the A geat crowd followed up the money. on foot at Washington to Athe assefnbling there of a world's to mote international ar b 6, 1883, the centennial o' dgment of American in deyseM|enos, "EnIYIODY is looking at Rhode Isl and," Tremarks the editor of the Provi dence DispatoA in the course of an edit orial on " The Duty of the Hour." This explains the recent advance in the price of microscopes. PROFANIrY has increased to such an extent in New York sinco the telephone was introduced that the company has beeni forced to put up a sign : "Please don't swear through the telephone," over each instrument. Is sw1NGIN4( healthy?7" asks a young lady. It is, under some circumstances. But if the hinge breaks, the pastime is not only unhealthy, but dangerous. We are always glad to extendl to the young and inexp~eriencedl the knowledge attainied by years of experience. KEEPING p)olutr,V of sonmc kind or other is almost umiversa2 in O1hiina. The poor est hiouseholAd has, wherever practicab~le, its pert cock and three or four lean lhens, which stalk hungrily in and out of the mud shanty ini seairch of anything eata ble0 that no one else of the family may happen to able to digest. AcconJiDIo to a Viennese statistienl journal, Austria is better p~rovided with public lib~raries than any other country in Europe. I'r hazs b~een estimated that of the horses in the world Austria has 1,367,000; Hungary, 2,179,000; Franice, about ~3, 000,000; Russia, 21 ,470, 000; Germany, 3,352,000; Great Britain and Ireland, 2,255,000; TIurkey, about 1,000,000; thet United States, 9,504,000; the Argentine Republic, 4,000,000; Canada, 2,624,000; Uruguay, 1,600,000. The Number of Rich People in Paris. M. Paul Leroy Beaulieu attempts to calculate approximately the number of rich persons actually living in Paris. He takes as his p~ricipal basis of calculation the value of the houses in the French capital; and upon these figures buils up his theory, on the assumption that the less wealthy inhabitants spend about one sixth of their income in house rent, while the richer house-holders spend on an average from one-eighth to one-tenth. It will be easy for those who agree with him to follow the theory when they have the, list of rents, as ex tr It ap 1Oj~OOOhouses Finally the~r carri ,which show that thereto800pr sons who kee M horse.-Econo miet Franoaie.