Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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9.*A - U) fr3;Vv en DEVOTED TO POLITICS, MORALTY, EDUCATION AND 00 THE GENERAL INTEIEST OF THE COUNTRY. 1V4V0L. vYK. PICKENS, S. C., THURSDAY, JANUARY 10, 18". NO. 18 T11n-B"r-ENTINEL g S'PVdLMSD ZVIaY 'THURSDAY BY D!.P. IsImaivaU Co. Terms of uscription. One Year... . $1 60 Six M6ris . . . . . . . 75 AAvewtiAuag Rates. Adverttsemenlyinseteed at the rate of $1 00 per squase, or (9) nine lines, on L.ss, for the first Insetlon, and 60 cents for each subse quent ltedstion. Contracts made for TH1m1, six or TWXYVE moqkths. fj4y b ;tS..' o Advertisements no avingAfie numb* of, -4nsertions mared on'them, will be published until forbid :nd chiarged n'ecordingly. These term's ari s o isluple any' child may understand them. SiMAine is a square one-Inch. In every ,instanoe -we charge by the space oacupiod,.As eight or. ten lines can be made to ocoupy four or five.squares, esthe advertiser may Irish. and is chaed by the space. $W- Advertisers will please state the nam ber of squares they wish their advertisements to make. $& Business men who advertise to be - benefitted, will bear..'in. mind that the SENTINEI has a laije knd increasing cir culatlon 'and is taken by the very class of persons whoie trade tiy desire. [From the London Daily News.] How Plevna Fell.. P ivNA, Vo,dsy Dec. 10.-The Russians knew on Friday night that Oz-man Pasha was prCparIng for a sortie, VPdt.-.tl1er part made ev ery preparatiin to receite them. The ti1enches were kept full of troops day and night, diviion and regimental commi11aiders were ad1viwed:to be ont Ihe alelt, iid all tie pts's wetre don liltidand liebled. Thec night wtore slwy awsy. The U11ow 6'4rin1 cem:Fed aid was fillowed I dark cloumAs cudding swit ly across tile sky, wi:h .nw anid theii a last - f Ivet. At t hree v'clt,ck an (Ither slpy brollghit niews that file mel (I Sk-Oluff"o command had a posi thi 1ide of the Green 11ill, and tlint the Kritbhina red tbis were being tibandoned. Ile was very si-re he said that all tle positions alng our bide woUld shortly be abatidonud WVould he gi along and lead the wity into theo Krishaina redoubts at the risk utbeing bayo.. eted.if his words sbould 'inot prove tr*uel Yes, lie would, and orders were given by Skobeloff for the troops to begin to move .cantiously forward and fee! tbhiyagwth. are, TCyis was done and le8 9 ioad rfen ~taien. At last now It was certain that the Turks were moving, and that the final deci sive moment had come. Skobelofi order-ed the eaptu red positions to be instanly placed in a state of defense, in case the Turks, repulsed and not yet rady to surrender, should at * tetript to tebaptiire them. '1fhea gray light of morning came. It was cloudy and thieatenied more snow. Sd denly there was the booming of thir ty or forty guns speaking almost to gether, followed iiistantly by that steady,crashing roll -we pjave le&rned to knlofso AtelW. TI~e batt le had be gun. The giant, after defenidinig himself four months, hurling thun derbolt after thunderbolt upon his enemies, was now struggling through the meshes lie had allowed to be thrown around him, and was in his turn 'ttaggg -the trenches and eartierkI ~ i cIi ie hadAanght his8 enemies so well to defend. We morinted our' horses and r'ode 'oward the battle. It was in the direction of the bridge over the vid, on the Sofia road, and half an hour's ride brought us in sig'"t of the conflict. ,CLOUD8 AND FIRE. A terrible and suiblime spectacle presented -itself to our view. The, counW,y behind Plevna opens plait. into which the gorge -leading up to Pl1ega opens out like a funnel. The plain is bounded on the Plevnma side by steep, rocl( ilufsor- cliffs, along whose foot flows the Vid. Fr-om these eliffs, for a distance of 2 mxiles, burst ber, and there in quick, irte gular' Aukelioml aalgry spurts of fiamue that flashed and4 disappeared and flaehed ont agaln. It m.s nb ar'tillery lire of the Tork6 and Rus sione, which from our point of view appeared intermingled. The smoke running round in a circle toward the Vid, rose against the heavy clouds. thit hung right on the horizon, wLile low on the gr-)nnd burst forth con tinuous balls of flame that rent the blackness of the clounds like flashes of lightning. Through the covering of the snok4 could be seen angry spite of fire thick as fire flies on a tropical night. Now and then through an irregular curving stream of fire we had indistinct glimpses of bodies of men hurrying to and fro, horses, cattle, carriages running acroas the plain, and above all the internal crashing roll of the infantry fire and the deep booming of wore than a hundred guns. COVERED BY THE TRAIN. This is what had happened: Os man Pasha had during tha night abandoned all bis positions from Grivica to the Green Hill and con centrated the greater part of his army across the Vid, over which he passed on-.two bridges, one the old and the othnr the new one lately con structed. IIe took part of hii artil liry, sowe three batteries, and a train tA about five bjndred or six bundred carriages drawn by bullocks. lie succeeded in getting his army, I the artillery and part (of the train4 over by daybreak- The Russians say th-at to have started with &o large a frain is a yroof that he wast1eceiv. ed with regatd to the number of the Rus8-ia force, and that he believed ti Russian line, owing to the at' tence of General Goirko, Was very weak on lie Sofia road, and thought anoilier rimd abong tlhe Vid was vir 11aHly open. It dues not Seem possi ble that lie could have beei so badly iforned, aiid I am inclined to think that the train was taiken to serve a special plurpose in) the ti_ht. Indteed the first thing tile Russianls perceiv ed wheii daylight broke was a line of wagons drawni by bullocks advancinig upopn them in close order Lacross the plamr. The smooth, open level ofler erl every~ facility for such a mano-* nve The~ Turks were behind these wagonis, wich, piled full of baggage and effects of various kinds, afforded very tair' protectionI from bullets. THE GRENADIERS MEET DEATH. The attack was directed- against the positions held by the grenadiers, north of the Sanfa road, whose lines extended from the road to a point opposite Qpa'ies, where they were joined by the Roumnanian cuvitg line ibIirough Suisurle. It is said the attack was made with 20,000 men, hut I doubt this, as there was really not room for so many to deploy uan less they had descended from the heights of Opanes and taken the IRoumiianiani positions, and I have not heard that they did this. Nor' did they even attack the Russian posi ions south of the road, as they would pr bably hav'e done had they attack, ed in such force. At any rate the attack was a most brilliant and dar ing oneo. The Turks advanced as tar as they could under e iver of their wagons, while the Russians poured in a terrible fire on them fromr thieir Berdan breech loaders, scarcely less destructive than the Peboy and opened on the advancin;g line with Rbell and shrapnel. Tihie .Turks tihen d id a splend id piece of bravery, onrly equalled by Scobeloff's capture of two famous redouibts. ProLbably' finding their co,ver beginning to fail them, owing to the cattle being killed or getting frightened and running away, they dashed forward with a shout upon the line of trenches held bj the Sibrersky or Siberian regi ment, swept over them) like a torna% do, poured into the battery, bayonet. ted ihe artillerymen, ofBecers and muen, who, with desperate heroism, stood to their pieces to nearly a man, and sized tLo whole battery. The Sibrersky regiment had been over thrown and nearly anuihilated. The Turks had broken the fitst cirole that held them in. Had they gone on they would have found two more; bat they did not have time to go on. The Russians rallied almost immediately. HAND TO 11AND. General Strukoff, of t he Emperor's Btaff, brought up the first brigade of grenadiers, who, led by their Gener al-I forget his nanme, but the Ris s'ans will rember it-flung themsel, ves upon the Turks with fury. A hand to hand fight ensued, man to man, bayonet to bayonet, which is Raid to have lasted several minutes, fur the Turks clung to the captured guns with dogged obstinacy. They Beein to have forgotten in the fury of battle that they had come but to es Dape from Plevna, and not to take ind hold a battery, and they held :n to the guns with almost the sane lesperalion with which the Russians lead around them had shown a few ninutes before. Nearly all the turks n the battle wvere killed. These in Ihe flanking trenches opun to the Russian fire had, of course, very lit le shelter, and were soon overpower. 3d and began to retreat which, under he murderous fire sent after thein, netauotly becaine a flight. Skme :ook shelter behind the broken wa Yons, and returned the fire for a ime; but Ihe majority made for the cdep banks of the V id, where t hey lound ample slielter from the Rus iian shelh and blevts. They formed bere bohind the biunds, and instantly betgan to return the Russian fire. TIE LAST FloUT. It was new about ha'I past ei..ht, aind the Turkish sortie was virtially repulsed, but the uiattle raged for tour honrs longer. The los&zes iniflies tcd from this time forward were not 3relat of) either side, 1or both armnies 6vere under cover. The Turks were vidently apprehensive that the iRts ,ians would charge and d ive them back in a mass into the gorge. The Russia~ns were resolved to prevent another' sortie, and so both sides kept it up Indeed, t here seemed at Iirst every prehability that the Turks would try it again, though it was ev - ident to any one who knew the s! rengthi of the Russian lines, and had seen this affair, that escape was hopeless from the first, even though Osman Pasha had twice thme number ofmen. For fourm hours the storm of lead swept on as one hundred guns) sent forth flame and smoke and iron. During all this time we were in mo mentary expectation of' seeing one side or' the othecr rush to the ch)arge. W e could hardly yet realize that this was to be the last fight we should ever see around Plevna, and that when the guns ceased firing it was the last time we should hear them here. It-was a strangely impressive sp)ectacle. Behind us the lainI, stretching away to the h)orizon, dalrk and sombre, under the dull lead col ->red clouds of thme bl: ck November day. Before us the gorge leading up to Plevna, flanked on either side by steep, high cliffs, and between us and them the emoke and roar and tire of' battle filling the air wvith its mnigh ty thunder, a battle on which hung the fate, not of Plevna-for the Iong beleaguered town was already in the hands of t he Russians-but of' Osman Pashia and his army. A sILENCE TnAT WILL REMAIN UN A bout t welve o'clock the firing began to dIminish on both sides, as it by mutual agreement. T1hen it stop ped entirely'. The rolling crash of' the ifnfantry amYd the deep toned bel lowing of the artillery were heard no more. The smoke lifted and there was silence-a silenCe .that will not be broken here for many a long year, and perhaps never again, by the sotunds of battle. The firing had not naad more than half an hour when a white flag was seen wavin from the road leading around the cliff be. yond the bridge. Plevna had fallen, and Osman Pasba was going to sur% render. GUAZI OSMAN SURRENDRS. When the General is about a inn% dred yards from the bridge the erush is so great that we can advance no further, and indeed we do not wi's to, for it is in this little house over looking the road that Osman Ghazi lies wounded. Gene. Ganetaky, Strukoff and some others have gone to see him. I was unable to get in owing to the crowd. The conferene ce did not last more than a few min-s utes. The terms of capitulation were easily art anged. The surrender is unconditional. Osman consented at once. It surprise be expressed that he should have so suddenly agreed it is only necessary to state that be could do nothing else. In order to attempt a sortie he had to abandon all the positions in which he had de-. fied the russians so long, and to con centrate his army down on the Vid. These positions once lost were lost forever, because the Russians occu-, pied them almost as sou as he left them. Ile was down in the valley: they on the surrounding hills, with an army three times as large as his. IIe had to surrender without delay, for they were drawing the circle tigaitcrAeverytl moment. IiS Position was 1i! -e Napoleon's at Sedan.' The dispari ty in number was greater, and lie id not even the shelter of 4he village. So Osman Gha.i surrender ed n conditionally the gallant army with which he had held this now fa mous strotighold for so long, and with which he1 )pLet thue whole R1s sili plAn of caml paign, and with which be defeated, in thi ee pitched battles, Russia's finest armies. Washington Correspondence. WASHINGTON, Dec. 31, 1877. The rush, bustle and gayety of the Capital has died away, and the he'gira of tired legislators has been u"oven iu.to history. ilore and there one lingers, like some stray swallow in autumn. Perhaps he has a fat place upon some commnittee with p)ower to send foir persons or papers, or per- chanice the draft upon his small (?) salary would be too great were he to jonrney to his distant homue. The silence in the rotunda, halls, and lobbies is broken now and then by an occasional footfall, re minding Qo of' some banquet ball deserted. "A few dass and the lobbyijists men, women and button hole man ipulatom s will return and the legislative machine with all its side shows will be set in tuotion. Christmas with its joys and fes tivites is holding in its away the young and old. What a wreath of happiness surrounds the young hearts thb.se merry days. Washing ton boys and girls seem to be unusu.. ally jo)yous this year and Sant a Claus reigns supreme. What a pleasant memnory these holidays leave in the hoarts of children! an oasis as it were in the dull desert of the year's rou tine. WVhether we are to have the "Dol bar of our Daddies," like Comrmo dlore Vanderbilt's child ren--or the "Rag Babes" soums to have no in flumence upon the number of wed diungs herc. The nuptial fever has becomeu a regular epidemic, and old bachelors are fleein)g for their lives. Dr. aryWalker, that "what is it"of urcity app)ears daily on the streets, hat, pants, cane andall. Her tinny feet incased in hui senng fitting boots are its pride. Ilis appearance attracts great attention, anud she has as her lectors a crowd of small boys who insist on laughing on all occa sions. She has brought suit against the Government for a years pay. He says she was ready and willing to work hnt was unassigned. ergn it wants pay. The Comptroller held just as a joke, that she should be paid, but the incorrigable official who hands out the mncuey, determ ined that neither be, she, or it should be paid for service not rendered. Ezit, the festive Mary, pants and all in high dugeon. The red sand stone structureknown as the Smithswnian Institute, with its beautiful grounds is an attraction to etery one visiting Washington. Its history is a romantic one, and not generally known. An Englishman but 11 years old when the Declara tion of Independence was signed, who lived during the war of 1812, and who never stepped foot into this country, had an intimate friend here -and only one. W heu the for mer died in 1829' at Geneva, he left a large esta'e to a nephew, upon the condition that should be die child less the money .should go to the UnitedStates, to found at Washing, ton an establishment for the increase and diffussion of knowledge among men. The nephew died without an heir, and the $50,000,000 was left to the United States. After two Years litigation in England, Richard Rush, the agent for this-country, succeeded in getting to New York eleven box es of gold, or half a million dollars. The money was loaned to Arkansas first, and was squandered by that State-the bonds given P.s securiity were repudiated, and of course, the money all lost. The Government as custodians made an apl)propriation to cover the amount, and in 18-4 the cvrner stone of the present Siith sonian, named after the donor Smi h *on, was laid. The fund now amounts to $714,000. The library numbers 75,000 volumes. Tho present great necd is more room. Of the forty governmerts represented at the Cen. tennial, thirtyfour gave the c:voicest of their exhibits to this Institution. The presents were valued at $500, 000, and are now packed in boxes rusting and mouldering, awaiting the tardy action of Congrese, in provid ing roum for their display. A bright story is told of the late Mrs. General Hooker, a former bello of Washington society. At an even ing party a fashionable young dandy was asked if lie wishecd to be pie sented to her. "Oh, yes," said ho, languidly, "trot her out." She over heard the remark, and when he was presented, she adjuste d heer eyeglas ses, and looking' bim over from boot to shirt collar, quickley remarked with a graceful move of the hand. "T: ot him back,1 have seen all t heico is of him. F~AX. Revival of the Income Tax. \WAssiWTON, Dec. 27.--There is a good deal of talk just now among Congressmen and high treasury of ficials about the proposed re-enact mernt of the income tax law. The Secretary of the Treasury shows very clearly in his report that the re ceipts of the government for the next year will fall far short of the expen ditures, and that something must be done both to reduce the expenseB and to imcrease the resources of the government. Secretary Sherman, while a member of the Senate and chair man of the Senate finance coms~ mnittee, said that the time would come when the income tax would be restored. The law w'as repealed in June, 1872, by the votes of the South and West, assisted by ai few votes from the East. These sect ions are now, it appears, quite as anxious t o haye the law re--enacted as they were~ to have it repealed before. The ar. goment is that the restoretiori of the tax is in the interest of the poor man; that the tax is not ap)preciable, and bears only on those who are able to pay it, while it furnishes mnil. lions of dollars of revenue. Repre,1 sentative (Carter Hlarrison, of Illinois, sill be one of the foremost me in the movement to restore the tax. Ex-Senator Morton and S. Wilkin 801),-of Minnesota, used to be in tho habit of anying on the stump that the whole State of Minnesota did not pay into the Treasury as much mo n1ey on account of income tax as one man in the ci'y of New York-A. T. Stewart. At this time it is asserted that the South and West will havo to pay fittle tax on incomes if the law is re-enacted on a liberal basis. Both sections named (particularly tle West) are in favor of a reduction of the tax on whiskey and tWbacco. The West is united on the whiskey question, and the South on the re duction of the tax un tobacco. If they unite, there u ill be a pouerful. party for the Noi th and East to over come. The argument of the whis-. key and tobacco men is the old one, namely, that the rate of lax should be so adjusted that it should not be Bo high on one side as to encour age fraud, nor co low on the other as to deprive the Government of revenue. The cunufacturets and dealers in these two commodities as sort that the tax is now too higlh, and that"a greater revenue would be de, rivpd from a smaller tax than is now received. Thlere is also mich tal about re storing the duty on ten and coffte.-. Those in favor of it (111d there is a large party behind tlie movement) say that it is u6eless to deprive tho governm1jent of so lar(ge a revenue unless it benefi!s a large class of peole). They assert lIt whenl the tax was taken off tie price (if tea aud coffee wot up inst,ead of down, and that the talk abota a "free break, fast tablo" is all nonseivse. The cut ting off of the tax beneitted only these heavy dealers wio had dis 'counted tho passage oft o nct. li atead of benefiting the piour 1aii it increased his expenses. Those who ol)poze the restoration of Iho tea aid coffee tax say that the effect of' such a law would be to senid t he price of tea and coffee up fr om 10 to 20 per' cent., and that the movement is in the interest of those who constrAl the market, and those who have an imn miense stock on hand, or have con tracted for its future dlelivery at pre'sen)t rates. Thle quest ion of in ternual taxation and cue.tomns tariffs arme likely to be come very i mportanit dur:ing the p)resent session of Congr'ess, The Fruits of Democratic Rule. Tfhe South Carol ina Lekgislaturie adjourned last wveek for the holidays, onie of its last acts being the ratifica' tin, by a two thirds vote, of a con st itu tionial amendmnent prov~'iding for' an alnnu)al tax of two imills for eduuca tional i m poe en lusively. The fact there is nio longer any flepubli can, party in Sou thI Carolina a ppears, therefore, to 1)e of less consequenco thant those w ho denounice the Presi dent's "policy" would have led us to suppose, Ku Kluxicing anid massa cres hav'e ceased; the negroes vote without molestation at the~ po0ls and, convict wvhite mxen from (lie jury box; the colored militia companies arc r'eviewedi by the State authors it ies, complimented, and reorganized for the greaterm efliciency; and finally a meansu re inutrodua:ced by thbe carpe t bag government whlaichi had ni quan dered and p'lunderecd the scehool fund1( for a dozen 3 care, is takeni up andl mlade piart of the Co:>stitution, and it onl1y remains to de.al justly with the State's creditor3 to Comnplete theo p)icture of in ii o (.ftn ai nte d for' us by Repumblican Senators in Con,~ gress. None of the thiings could have beenl achieve undi(er the Chamn berlalin (<r any simrilar regime, ex cept the passago of' the cons8titutionafl amendlmenit; and that would have lacked the essetial elemenlt of good faith, viz., thle intent ion to adminis ter the school tax boeisily after it had bcon levied.