Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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y ?H"? I I l'I"l"I"M"|"I"I"I"?"I"I"I' 4. HOW FARMS IX>SK 4. .?" THEIR FERTILITY. .J. .....M"!* .I**l,,t*,I"I' Clemson College, Feb. 4.-Special: ?The bulk of nearly all soils ls rock material, more or less finely ground, IL ^weathered or pulverized. A few ~ ?soils consist mainly of organic mat ter. All productive soils contain (more or less organic (vegetable and animal) matter. They also contain .water, air and bacteria. The rock (particles and tho organic matter con tain phosphorous, nitrogen, potas sium, calcium (lime) and other sub 4 [stances used by plants. The surface soil contains the or ganic matter and bacteria and is the productive part of tho farm. Or ganic matter decays and there is a constant loss of this ingredient ol the soil. Perhaps water is responsible foi f the most serious losses of fertility " from the farm and it is well at til? beginning to stress the most serious form-the total removal of the sur Iface soil by erosion. While it lt usual to refer to the effects of erosion 'as a loss of fertility, its seriousnesi warrants the use of stronger lan .guage. To say 'that the soil is lost *ji ls more accurate and should be mon 'impressive. When the surface soil li removed from tho sloping areai these areas are less productive. Th< farmer may express the result b; saying that these are worn out, bu this ls not accurate and does not sug gest the proper preventive measures The land did not wear out. To sa; r there was a loss of fertility would bi misleading, even though the fertilit: is lost when tho soil Is lost. The soi -rock particles, organic mallei everything-was washed away. Next to erosion, stress should b laid on tho natural, desirable and un avoidable decay and loss of organl matter from the soil. Tho farms t> usually knows and refers to the rod particles of soil as sand, silt and claj In his long years of dealing wit soil he has not been impressed wit the fact that sand and clay wear ou very fast. Now organic matter doc not wear out in the exact sense tba the farmer UBes the terni. As th supply of organic matter in the so ^ gets less the farmer says "My lan is wearing out." When the organl matter is worn out, tho land is sai ?to be worn out. Organic matter i the soil should decay, as by th: means it furnishes crops, with sue food as they require; but more o ganic matter should be added to tl soil -that the supply may at all tin? } be adequate for high producth power. When rain falls on the land a pa runs off on the surface, a part eva; orateB Into the air, and a part soal into the ground and comes out 1 springs or finds its way to the Bi underneath the surface. The wat that soaks into the ground dissolve a certain amount of material fro the soil, some of which is valuab as plant food. It is quite accura to . refer to this as loss of fertilit Where crops are growing on tl land this form of loss Is not so gre as where the soil is bare or "clean This suggests the advisability keeping a crop on the land, but the ls a business side to farming and is very well to do those things th pay.| It is proper to refer to the fa that sod land does not wash away eaBtly as bare land so that a growl; crop lessens two sources of soil f< tility. Crops uso certain substances In t soil as food and tho removal of ero from the land lessens the amount plant food iii tho soil. This reniov of soil fertility ls desirable and in es;;ary. Farmers doubtless make t mhtake of thinking that this cons tutes the most serious form of lc of fertility. It is not difficult to pi vide for returning to the soil pla food equivalent to that removed crops. It pays to remove plant fo from the soil in good crops and proper system of farming will p mit this for an indofinlte period time without ever wearing out 1 land. It should be borne in mind tl large area* ?tjt good farming land not have Snuch fertility to lose, good soil may simply be a good pb to put fertilizers. Land with a good sod of bermi: does not wash readily and the e sion usually is not b??iou?. In 1 Atlantic and Gulf Coast region b muda is doubtless tho best plant have to prevent erosion. A weed a plant out of place and bermuda a cotton field becomes a weed, bui there were no weeds it would be n essnry to work crops anyway and crops. Bermuda makes a fan work his crop just about right. B muda is the best plant known for slopes where the soil washes a\ without it. To let the soil w? away-It may bo a year, it may bl shorter time-ls the poorest sort farm management. An ample supply of decaying ganic matter in the soil is one of best guarantees one may have good crops. There is a constant 1 of organic matter, lt should be plenlshed regularly; the t< amount being ample and fairly c stant. Where the soil does not wash i not such a difficult thing to kee] productive. In South Carolina crop is usually limited by phospl ous, nitrogen or soil molsrure av able for growing crops. The air lng the great storehouse for nitrof good management, may keep a su j in the soil. Clover,,vetch and b crops are especially useful for purpose The supply of phosphoi in South Carolina soils is small, to provide for an adequate supply farm products it must be purchr and added to the land. Fli grounc*. phosphate rock, finely gro bones, Thomas slag, and sunerp! phate are commercial matorials < taining phosphorous. The rain and management of the farm hav do with the amount of mois: available for crops. While the supply of potash In ?oil is generally very much gre than the phosphorous, rt may nol way? be sufficient for large el and whore provision ls made , enough phosphorous, nitrogen moisture for large crops tho p may be reached whore potash limit th? crop. Kainit, muriate, and sulphate of potash are commercial materials that are commonly usod for supplying potash. The total loss of the soil, by ero sion, in the cotton States ls Immeas urably great and easily takes first rank among the serious losses on cotton farms. It may be economi cally prevented. The organlo matter in cotton soils decays rapidly, mak ing it necessary to be very careful to add more to take its place. The most feasible way to keep up the supply is to plow nader the unused puris oi the crops grown. Stable manuTe is a most excellent form of organic matter to add to the soil in fact it is the best form-but the usual limited supply warns one not to depend on it as even the main ma norial for keeping up the supply of organic matter in the soil. It is a good plan to use all the stable ma nure you can get. Leaching is a form of loss easily prevented, as far as may be, by growing crops to use the soluble material in the soil. W. L. Hutchinson, Professor of Agronomy. Disposition of the Cotton Seed. It ls now time to consider the question of fertilizers for the next crop. In this connection the dispo sition of tho cotton seed is import ant. The farmer has a choice of us ing them directly as a fertilizer, after crushing or rolling li? acid phosphate to prevent germination, or to sell the seed or exchange them for cotton seed meal. Tho writer notes from recent quota tions that the price offered is around thirty-five cents per bushel, which corresponds to $211.'.','.\ per ton, while cotton seed meal is quoted about $27 per ton. This gives a rate of exchange of 1,728 pounds of meal for ;a ton of seed. Experiments con ducted at various experiment sta tions show that the linter and oil are ! of no value as sources of fertilizer, ? and can only bo considered for the I amount of organic matter added. On ; the other hand when the linter and oil, which contain no appreciable j amounts of plant food are removed, ' the entire plant food of the seed re I mains in the hulls and cake. The amount of plant food in the hulls ls comparatively low, therefore the I bulk of the plant food is left*in the ! meal. A ton of seed when manufac I tured give about 850 pounds of meal, about 650 pounds of hulls, about 350 I pounds of oil, and about 40 pounds of linter; leaving a loss of over 100 pounds In moisture. Therefore we can readily see 'that the farmer gets many more pounds of plant food by making this exchange or hy selling and reinvesting In fertilizer than by using the seed as a fertilizer. The above facts have been practi cally demonstrated both by the Geor Anderson Ph Oil Co is making a fish, blood and bone goods this year which ls absolutely without an equal on the market. We bought enough fish last sum mer to ammoniate 20,000 tons of goods, but have decided not to manu facture more than 12,000 or 14,000 tons of mixed goods this year, so that wo will put all the fish in this 12.000 or 14,000 tons that we intended to put in 20,000 tons. We are putting in at least 50 per cent more fish than wo expected, and making at least 50 iver cent better goods than we ex pected. You will make bettv . crops than you have ever grown. Fish is the best ammoniate,. the best plant food, and lasts longer as a plant food than anything put In a fertilizer. This Is one year that a man does not want to take any chances on his fertilizer. The crop was short last year and a good crop is needed. It takes good fertilizer to make good crops. .The supply of this fertilizer will be limited-12,000 to 14,000 tons won't go as far as 20,000 tons. Tho man who uses this fish goods of ours un der his crop this year will have ad Our Agents in ( MOSS & ANSEL. J. G. RKEAZEALE . . . P. P. SULLIVAN & CO. Anderson Ph Oil Coi J, H. VAN DIVER, Prest. f .... gla experiment station, reported in Bulletin 76, end by E. B. Hoyklu, re ported in Farmers' Bulletin No. 286. Mr. Boykln's work was done on the farm or John C. Fletcher at McOoll, 8. C. The following comparisons were made: Where the same quanti ties of phosphoric acid and potash were used, and where 40 bushels, or 1,200 pounds of cotton seed were compared with 600 pounds of meal; under like conditions, where 30 bush els or 900 pounds of cotton seed were compared with 450 pounds of meal; and where 20 bushels or 600 pounds of cotton seed were compared with 300 pounds of meal, always keeping .the formula balanced with respect to phosphoric acid and potash. , The work "was carried on for two years and in every case the results were In favor of the meal. These results would Indicate that lt would be better to exchange a ton of seed for ono thousand pounds of meal than to use seed directly as a fertilizer. The writer does not be lieve this for two reasons: There ls a certain amount of exi>en8e incurred by the farmer in making this ex change because he must haul the seed to market and the meal back. Also, he is entitled to a reasonable price for the oil content of the seed. How ever, the prevailing prices and rates of exchange on cotton seed allow him a handsome profit. T. E. Keitt, Chemist S. C. Ex. Station. All) THE KIDNEYS. Do Not Endanger Life When a Wal halla Citizen shows You the Way to Avoid It Why will people continue to suf fer the agonies ol' kidney complaint, backache, urinary disorders, lame ness, headaches, languor, why allow themselves to become chronic In valids, when a tested remedy ls of fered them. Doan's Kidney Pills have been used In kidney trouble over 50 years, have been tested In thousands of cases. If you havo any, even one, of the symptoms of kidney diseases, act now. Dropsy or Bright's disease may set in and make neglect danger ous. Read this Walhalla testimony: Mrs. Martha Tilley. No. 5, Factory Hill, Walhalla, S. C., says: "My kid neys were weak and my back ached intensely. It was difficult for me to straighten after stooping, and I felt all run-down. When I saw Doan's Kidney Pills advertised I got a box at Dr. Bell's drug store and they soon rsetored me to good health. I can recommend this remedy highly for I know what it will do." For sale by ail ?ealers. Prise PO cents. Foster .. Iburn Co.. Buffalo, New York, sole agent.? for the United States. Remember {ho name-Doan's and take no other. adv. osphate and i mpany vantages in crop making which a man who does not use this fish goods will be deprived of. We would Uko to see the home boys get this good3. for from all we can gather, the homo boys need a good crop this year. You will n*?ver use a better fertilizer-you has-? never used any as good. Thin fertilizer, besides being heav ily ammonlated with fish, lg also am monlated with blood, tankage, cotton seed meal, and sulphate of ammonia, making a fertilizer which will feed and nourish the crop from :he time the plant sprouts in the ground, all through cultivating season, all through laylng-by season -and until the plant is grown and matured, and the crop is ready to be gathered. We are putting this fish In 8-5-5, 8-4-4, 9-3-3, 10-3-3 and 10-4-4 gooda. There is no fish In standard goods. Fish costs more than standard goods sell for. But then, it pays to use the best goods. When people enter corn contests and cotton ?ostests they don't use home-mixed goods, nor low grade goods. They use the higher grades because they know they can make better crops. Dconee County : . . . WALHALLA. WESTMINSTER. .MADISON. osphate and npany. D. S. VAND1VER, Manager. ti PUJO BK3SION WAS 8H0HT. "Mr. Rockefeller's Condition Simply Pitiable," . 7s Chairman. .Jekyl Island, Ga., Feb. 7.-After an examination of scarcely twelve minutes, by Samuel Untermyer, coun sel for the Pujo committee, William Rockefeller, the aged Standard Oil magnate, this afternoon showed signs of a laryngeal spasm and indications of an approaching nervous collapse. At the insistence of hts physician, the examination was discontinued. Mr. Pujo made this statement: "Mr. Rockefeller's condition ls simply pitiable. He not only shakes like a leaf all over his body, but af ter tho first question he began to cough convulsively, and it was evi dent that he was laboring under great excitement and that he was on . the verge of a collapse. He had to slow ly whisper the few words he spoke Into the ear of the stenographer who sat beside him. This he did with the greatest difficulty, shaking like a ' leaf all the while. Such a thing as an examination would be Impossible. As soon as Dr. Chappelle intervened and requested that tho hearing pro ceed no further on the ground stated by him, Mr. Untermyer and 1 felt that lt would be dangerous and in hump.ii lc go further, and I there upon ordered a suspension of the ex amination. "Even if Dr. Chappelle had not In tervened and prevented further ex amination I would have refused to proceed on my own accord. Nothing would nave Induced me to assume such a responsibility in view of what we know of the character of the dis ease from the committee's physician. Dr. Richardson,'as well as from Drs. Lambert and Chappelle. if anything had happened to Mr. Rockefeller during that spasm of coughing, I never would have forgiven myself. If we had believed his condition to be so manifestly critical we would not have dreamed of making the at tempt." When the examination was brought to Its abrupt ending, Mr. Rockefel ler was trembling violently. His pale face had flushed and the muscles of his face and brow worked sirasmodl cally. Rut four questions had been asked. Mr. Rockefeller whispered his an swers in the ear of the stenographer of the committee, Mr. Hanna, who re peated tho answers., aloud. . At .th* beginning Mr. Rockefeller asid that ho had *? ) d)3i>08ltlon to avoid testi fying . xx* l-have "bfcon eai.itlon ?.d by ?ny 'physicians that doing ?0 vwuld eada og- 1; my ULa." Mr. Rockefeller stated his resi dence, denied that his health allowed him to play golf and answering two questions, said that the Amalgamat ed Copper Company was organized in 1899. His voice failed utterly, his head and hands shook violently and 'Dr, Chappelle here Interfered. Representative Ars?ne P. Pujo, chairman of the House money trust committee, and Samuel Untermyer, the committee's lawyer, with a reti nue of clerks, stenographers and typ ists, and a following of newspaper men, came with the direct authority of the investigating committee to hear the seventy-two-year-old finan cier. After fleeing squads of subpoena servers for six months, from New York to the islands of the Carribean Sea, the Standard Oil magnate, pal sied and almost voiceless, agreed to present himself for such examination as his physician and lawyers would allow. After defying the authority of the government and Its officers for half a year, he submitted himself to the ordeal upon which the Pujo com mittee Insisted. First President's Grandniece Dead. Greenville, Feb. 6.-Mrs. Margaret Mahaffey Washington Sloan, ?. grand niece of George Washington, died Lo-day in her 83d year, at the home of her son, George W. Sloan, near Pelham, this county. {GOWANS I King of Externals Accepted by the Mothers of America as the one and only external preparation thal positively and quickly CURES all forms ol In flammation or Congestion suchas Pneumonia,Croup, Coughs, Colds, Pleurisy. Since Gowans Preparation hits been Introduced here it has gained ? strong foot-hold in many ot our best Iktnllies whom ?knownre Liv ing yon advertisement right atong without solicitation. JtaUvaya makes good, Weidling & Son, Tiffin, Ohio. Druggists. BUY TO-DAY! HAVE IT IN THE MME AU DraMbl*. tl. SOo. 25e. COWAN MEDICAL CO.. fluinntod. tri mtuy nh*M ?> jw IrgfjUt Bowels Cet W As THE FIRST NECESSITY IS TO KEEP THE ROWELS GENTLY OPEN WITH A MILD LAXATIVE TONIC. Healthy old age 1B absolutely de pendent upon the condition of the bowels that great care should be taken to see that they act regularly. The fact is that as age advances the stomach muscles become weak and inactive and the liver does not store up tho juices that are necessary to prompt digestion. Some help can bo obtained by eat ing easily digested foods and by plenty of exercise, but this latter ls irksome to most elderly people. One thing ls certain, that, a state of con stipation should alway, be avoided as it ls dangerous to life and health. The best plan is to take a mila laxa tive as often as is deemed necessary. But with equal certainty lt ls sug gested that cathartics, purgatives, physics, salts and pills be avoided, as they do but temporary good and are so harsh as to be a shock to a deli cate system. A much better plan, and one that thousands of elderly people are fol lowing, is to take a gentle laxative tonic like Dr. Caldwell's Syrup Pep sin, which acts as nearly like nature as is possible. In fact, the tendency Of this remedy ls to strcgnthen the stomach and bowel muscles and so train them to act naturally again, when medicines of all kinds can usu ally bo il ispell, eil with. This ls the opinion of many people ol' different ages, among them Mr. O. P, Miller, Baroda, Miel)., who writes: "I am SO years old and have been constipated for many years. Since receiving your sample bottle 1 have procured two 50c. bottles and lind that it is the best remedy 1 ever used and,does Cl'LEHRA SLIDES SERIOUS. Earl h and Stones Fulling Faster tban Steam Shovels Can Work. Panama, Feb. 6.-Loose earth and stones about the banks of tho Pana ma Canal continue falling. In the cut at Culcaracha the movement ls almost continuous, varying from slight trlckllngs to large breaks, pre- : clpitating thousands of cubic yards Into the cut. Several auch slides have occurred. Since the renewal of the movement | at Culcaracha last December steam shovel bands have been busy at this spot. They had just cleared the bot tom of the canal from the debris of *he previous slide when the serious bi i i occurred late Saturday night noa r the base of Gold Hill. Approxl ly 200,000 cubic yards of ma I, l fell Into the cut. . Ure direction of the slide crosses at a. high angle to the axis of the canal. As a result the dirt fell right across the canal prism, extending be yond the middle of the line, covering the main track for dirt trains to a depth of 20 feet. Other tracks on the canal bottom at lesser depths were covered. The seriousness of this slide ls due, not so much to the amount of earth as to the steady oc currence of the falls. Col. Gaillard admitted to-night that earth and stones were falling Into the cut faster than the work men could remove them, but he stat ed that lt would be only a short time before the crews would gain on the movement. Inheritance Tax Rill Killed. (The State, 6th.) By a vote of 60-to 56 the House killed the Rembert Inheritance tax b ll, after over two hours of debate at the morning session. The bill pro posed a fundamental change in the system of tnxatlon In South Carolina. It was bitterly fought on several grounds. A simllai JIU by the same member of the House wa\ /oted down during the session of 1'jll-'12. ULAN IT?uy Mixson'g Seeds and B< All seeds are carefully grown being shipped to you. Tl crops. You make no mis all seeds are guaranteed pi We save you money and on the market. Seeds suitable for Sou Special prices and low frc rnents of Beans, GuCUIl Sorghum, Cotton and < every kind of seed for t Farmers should have ? complete price list befo Write for same to-day Address eak Age Advances MR. O. P. MILLER. just what you claim for It to the very letter. I cannot recommend lt too highly." A bottle can be bought of any druggist at fifty cents or ono dollar. People usually buy the fifty-cent size first, and then, having convinced themselves of its merits they buy the dollar size, which ls more economi cal. Results are always guaranteed or money will be refunded. Any el derly person can follow theso sug gestions with safety and the assur ance of good results. If no member of your family bas ever used Syrup Pepsin and you would like to make a personal trial of it before buying it in the regular way of a druggist, send your address -a postal will do-to \V. B. Cald well. 417 Washington Street. Monti cello, 111., and a free sample bottle will be mailed you. TROOPS Ml ST STAY AT HOME. (?(?vernor Will Not Lot Militia Go. Resolution for Adjournment. Columbia, Feb. 7.-In tho House this morning a resolution was intro duced that tho General Assembly ad journ sine die February 21st. Not yet adopted. Tho Rembert bill providing a tax of 20 cents per horse-power on power companies was passed and sent to the Senate. A messago t\ as received from Gov ernor Blease informing the Legisla ture 'that he positively would not let the troops attend the inauguration, and himself would not go. He said he had received a message from Gen. A. L. Mills, in charge of inauguration ceremonies, stating that a company of negro troops would be In the pa rade, representing the District of Co lumbia, and would lead the line. HOW AN INDIANA GIRL Got Strong and Well Again at Small Cost. Miss Alta Abel, o.' West Baden, ImL, says: "I was a complete wreck, al ways tired, wornout and nervous. I had to spend about one-third of my time In bed and my life waa not worth living. Vinol, your delicious cod liver and Iron tonic, was recommended, and it has done me more good than all the medicine I ever took in my life. That nervous and tired feeling is all gone. 1 have gained in health, flesh and strength, until I feel like another per son." Vinol is the most efficient strength creator for such women. It is the medicinal elements of the cods' livers contained in Vinol, aided hy the blood making and strengthening properties of tonic iron, which makes it so far superior to all other tonics to build up health and strength for weak, tired, ailing women. It contains no oil and has a delicious taste. We give back your money if Vinol does not do all that we claim. J. W. Be , Druggist, Walhalla, S. C. NSEED Cd I High-Grade e Protected. -examined and tested before hey will (?row the largest take in buying from us as ure and of high vitality, give you the best seeds them soils and climate, sight rates on large ship ibers, Cabbage, Corn, other seeds. We have ruck farms or garden. 5ur free catalogue and re placing their orders, while you think of it. )N SEED CO., TON, S. C. i