Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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CONFEDERATE UNIFORM ANO FLAG. The Designs Wer? Made by a Prussian Artist. A Blt of Interesting History. (Copied from the Memphis Commeroial Appeal by request of IS. K. Dendy, Sr. J Located in the very heart of tho busy oity of Louisville, in a well known boniness building, is a time stained yet time-honored room. Its walls are darkened with the finger marks of the passing years, and the whole demeanor of the place is un obtrusive and unpretentious. Yet is this place rioh in its treasured hold ings of art, its clustered memories and traditions of the old South or the Southland of ante-bellum days. It is a gonius who presides over this place. It is the art studio of Nicola Marschall, musioian, portrait painter and designer of both uniform and flag of the Confederate States of Amerioa. From his Prussian home land, whore he was mado skillful musioally and trained to the painter's art, this man, thon in his youth, oame over land and sea to Amerioa nt ono of tho most rugged and picturesque periods of this country's history, the memorable gold fever days of '49. It was in Alabama that ho found the home for which ho sought. Within tho borders of that State he remained for a time, returning then to the Kuropoan country of his nativity, thore to perfect his study of his chosen calling. Again he jour neyed to the Southland, this time to make it his home for lile. It was at tho little town of Marion, Ala., on the eve of the struggle between the North and South, that he drew the designs that will live in history-the Confederate uniform of gray that stands for tho grandest army that ever marched "in tide of times" and the banner under which that army battled-the Stars and Bars. With no other compensation than the prido it caused him to serve the South and the pleasure it gave him to honor a woman's request, these designs were made by Nicola Marschall in 18(51, and adopted by tho Southern Con federacy. Vigorous, hearty and genial to day, physically erect and mentally energetic, ono is soarcely prepared to believe tho record of life that holds seventy-four years registered to this man's credit, albeit time has left its traces with furrows and gray hair. For more than thirty years Mr. Mar schall has made his home in Louis ville, where he has won friends as enduring as his own good name, and to-day he occupies as a studio the room of which he took possession in 1878. Mr. Marschall^ studio is in the building on the southwest corner of Green and Fourth streets. The room is easy of access, and looks out upon the two thoroughfares below. Plain and ordinary as a mere room, yet as the studio of Nicola Marschall it is a veritable curiosity shop, a place wealthy in historic recollections, its souvenirs of bygone days and the works of this artist. There aro many portraits about the place, portraits that show upon canvas tho mental pictures still dear to the people of the South. Portraits of Robert E. Lee, Joseph E. Johnston, J. C. Breokin ridge, William Preston and Bragg are among those in the studio. These are but a few of the Confederate lead ers whose portraits he has painted. Among thc best pictures he has ever painted were two of Gen. N. B. For rest, the "Wizard of thc Saddle," who was the personal friend of Mr. Marschall. In obscure corners of his studio are old and worn chests, secured with bands of steel. One of these bears the inscription, "X. Marschall, 2d Engineers' Regiment of Ala bama." It is the kit which Marschall carried with him when ho served the South as an army engineer during the war. In another box are scrapbooks and {tapers, among them letters written Mr. Marsehall by gen erals and statesmen of the South during and after the war. There is probably no document among thoso Mr. Marschall has more interesting than a letter introducing him to President Jefferson Davis, written by Gen. N. B. Forrest. Thc letter was written in 1872, when Gen. Forrest was president of the old Selma, Marion and Memphis rail road. Gen. Forrest livod at Marion, Ala., then, at which place Mr. Mar schall made his home, and it was when the latter contemplated going to Memphis, where President Davis was then, that thc letter was written. It is reproduced here in fao simile, made irom tho original, scoured for the purpose of Mr. Marsch all. The story of how Mr. Marschall oame to design the uniform and Hag of the Confederacy is best told in bis own words: "I eamo to this country," ho began, "when I was eighteen years of age. My home w?s in St. Wendel, Prus sia, and 1 left there that I might con tinue professionally with music and art, iustead of having to serve in the i army. I loft, with the permission of my government, something more easy to secure then than now. I landed in Now Orleans, and from there made ray way to Mobile, where livod a relative of raine who had preceded me here. I met him on the eve of bis departure for California. It was in 1849 that I landed in America, when the tide of humanity was flow ing toward the gold fields of the Pacific ooast. "My kinsman tried to persuade me to join his mining party and go to California in search of wealth. But I was then as far away from home as I oared to be, and so declined to go. I became acquainted with one of tho teachers in the female seminary at Marion, Ala., and learned tha1, it was one of tho garden spotBof the South. Wealthy planters lived there ; it was a scat of learning and claimed as oitizens many of the oldest and most aristocratic Southern families. I de cided to go to Marion, and go I did. I became a teacher at tho seminary there, where I taught painting, violin, piano, guitar and the French and German languages. "My studies in Europe of drawing andjjpainting served me well. I came over here on an old sailing vessel, and well do I remember to this day how I had to draw the picture of every member of the orew from cap tain to humblest sailor. I had been in this country one year when my brother arrived here from Prussia. "In 1857 I returned to Prussia and remained in Europe for two years continuing my studies of art. I studied both in Munich and Italy. It was while returning from Italy and passing through Verona, which then belonged to Austria, that I saw the uniform which some years later was to furnish me tho design for tho Southern Confederate uniform. "In Verona one day the notes ol martial music carno to me. On searching out thc source I found that a party of sharpshooters belonging tc the Austrian army were passing. "What splendid soldiers and what noble uniforms," was my involuntary comment as I saw them. Well might this be said. They were all great manly soldiers and were dressed in the striking uniform of gray with green trimmings. The green denoted their branch of the army-the sharp shooters-and their rank was indi cated by marks on the collars of theil coats, bars for lieutenants and cap tains, stars for the higher officers. "I returned to America in 1858 and located in Marion. There I paint ed many portraits of tho worth) planters and members of theil family, as well as of othei prominent people of the South Andrew Moore was then f Judge at Marion. Ile afterwardi became war Governor of Alabama and was one of the most important men iii those days in our part of thc country. "Mrs. Napoleon Lockett, a beauti ful Southern woman of an old Vir ginia family and the wife of a wealth) planter, lived at Marion. lier eldest eon married the eldest daughter ol Governor Moore and one of bei younger sons married one of thc younger daughters of Gov. r. o Moore. ItKQI :si I KO.M .MKS. LOCKKTT. "Soon came thc lirst notes of war Mrs. Lockett was as loyal a daughte as thc Sontli had, and was much in tercsted in its affairs then. She cami to mc one day and said : 'Mr. Mar schall, we have seceded, and th Confederate Government wants ? llag. Will you make us a design? I must not be too unlike the Unite* States Hag, but different enough ti bc distinguished at a distar.ee.' "At once I took pencil and papei and made three different design! The lirst was of two red stripes an one of white, with a blue Held bcai ing seven white stars-indicating th number of Stales that had the seceded-in the upper left-hand cot ner. The second design was th same, except that ?he blue Hold wit stars was at the extreme left of th white stripe. The third design had the two full red stripes at top.and bottom, the white Btripe in the mid dle with the blue field and white stars in the center." This was the flag of the Confed erate Government. It is also well knowu to those familiar with South ern b'i?tory that this flag-the Stars and Bars-was placed on the staff above the Capitol at Montgomery, Ala., on March 4,1861, by Misa J. C. Tyler, of Virginia. She was a grand daughter of John Tyler, ex-President of the United States. Continuing his interesting narra tive, Mr. Marschall said : "Mrs. Lookett thanked me for the flag de signs, and started to go. Then she came back, adding : 'We also want a denign for a uniform, Mr. Marsohall. Can't you suggest one ?' The thought occurred to me of the gray uniforms I had seen worn by the Austrian sharpshooters. I took a piece of paper and made several rough sketches, indicating the grt y color, and also the colors on the collars to denote the branches of the service buff for ofhcers, yellow for cavalry, blue for infantry, red for artillery, etc. "lt did not occur to me then that I had done anthing worthy of note. I simply made the sketches at the rocpuest of Mrs. Lockett. I knew no moro about them from then until I found that the uniform aud one of the flags had been adopted by the Confederacy." This is the story of the gray of the Confederate army and tho banner under which tho army fought were made-a story told by the one who conceived the plans. Not boastfully, but with a measure of pride does Mr. Marschall, when sought out, tell the story. Ho considers that he has done little in making the designs, but ho is to this day proud that his were the ideas adopted for both the uniform and flag of the South. It is a matter of historical fact that this first design made by Mr. Mar schall was tho flag adopted by tho Confederate Government. SERVED IN TIIK WAK. When war was declared Marschall enlisted as a private of volunteers, going with his command from Mari on to garrison Forts Morgan and Gaines, at the mouth of Mobile Bay. There he served for a time, then re turned to Marion on a furlough. While at home, on the advice of a friend, an officer, he employed a sub stitute for a year and three months. Then came tho call for more volun teers, and again Mr. .Marschall en listed, this time in the Second Ala bama Regiment of Engineers. He served with Col. Lockett, a son of Mrs. Napoleon Lockett, under Gen. Polk, just preceding the fall of Vicksburg. Ile served then in the Confederate army until the curtain was finally drawn at Appomattox. He numbered among his friends Maj. Jabez Currie, one of Alabama's ivoalthiest planters, and an uncle of Dr. J. L. M. Currie. it was at the suggestion of Maj. Currie, who had friends in Kontuoky, that ho came to Louisville to live. He returned to lis art after tho war and many are .he treasured portraits in halls and lomes of the South to-day that stand is the product of bis brush. Louis ville became the home of his adop ,ion in 1873. On arriving hero he ooated in the studio he occupies to lay, never in all that time having nado a change. Catarrh Cannot be Cured with local applications, as thoy cannot each thc scat of the disease. Catarrh is i blood or constitutional disease, and in oder to euro it you must take internal emedies. Hall's Catarrh (?uro is taken nternatly, and acts direotly on tho blood md mucous surfaces. Hall's Catarrh Juro is not a quack medicine, lt was iresoribed by ono of tho best physicians n this country for years, and is a rogn ai- prescription. It is composed of tho lest tonics known, combined with the >est tdood purifiers, acting directly on ho mucous surfaces. The perfect cora >ination of the two ingredients is what, ?reduces such wonderful results in cur ng catarrh. Send for testimonials, free. V. .J. Chonoy iv Co., Props., Toledo, O. Sold by druggists, price 7:">c. Hall's Family Pills aro tho best. The Elder's Mistake. It was at a prayer and conferonce meeting, and Deacon Smith had losed off into a half-sleep and half iwake condition of extreme content ment, when Elder Jones, who was 'leading the meoting," said : "Deacon Smith, will you lead in prayer ?" Rubbing his eyes, Deacon Smith laid : * Tain't my lead, I dealt."-Lippin jott's. EVERYTH AT PRICES Piotr*, il cent? Iii wight Little Joe Har Cole's Planters, fO.76. Sash, Doors and Oils and Lead. . ing. J& Mill Su Stoves and Rang We have tho goc tomers are frienc MATH ES* W Modern Jerusalem. Life in Jerusalem, according to Miss Goodrich Freer, the author of "Inner Jerusalem," is one of anoma lies and anachronisms. The street Arah speaks three or four languages. Apart from the tourists, who aro representatives ot half of the na tions of the world, there are Jews, Mohammedans and Christians. The streets of Jerusalem are unspeakably filthy. One oan buy anything he wants in the city. There are even French dressmakers who will follow ont' the latest Parisian fashion. Water is scavce and mainly derived from cisterns. The rainfall averages only thirty or forty inches. There is a trade in good water, which comes from the village of Ain Karin, some three miles distant from Jerusalem. There is a most unpleasant wind, the sirocco, which is fatal to vegetation, .'exhausting to the nerves, irritating to the temper, parching the skin and ruinous lo the hair and complexion." The dews are heavy. Jerusalem has its special diseases, but tho cure is quinine. Insect pests are tho mosquitoes and most particularly the sand Hies. One may keep out the mosquito, but the sand fly is at home everywhere. Clothing affords no protection. Flies are overabundant. Winter is more pleasant than summer. Sometimes on a winter evening a tire is neces sary. After all, it is a land of per petual sunshine, the mean annual temperature being 63 degrees. With all its sacredness, Jerusalem is de scribed as a "topsy turvy laud." In a holy place the native takes off his shoes and wears his hat. The men sport petticoats, and the women ex pose their legs, while hiding their faces. Carpets are hung on the walls and pictures on the ceiling. There is no apparent gratitude, for in Arabic there is no word the equiva lent of "thank you." Living is cheap. A good cook may be had by the month for $6. Mutton is worth from 8 to 10 cents a pound, chickens about 25 cents a pair. Fruit is plentiful and reasona ble. Considering the economy of living, the author exposes her sur prise that so few English live in Je rusalem, "their number boing insigni ficant when compared with the American residents." The popula tion of the city is put down at 60, 000, of whom 40,000 are Jews. Pl SO-S CU R t F?R? UH CURFS WritKt AIL ELSE. FAILS. \ ?cat Congta Syrup. Tantes Oood. USO | In timo. Sold by driicfdiitfl ?-iii n i ii m - ; ^ CONSUMPTION "? Keeping the Eyes Open. It is often remarked that an unac customed traveler will get on pretty well if ho will ketty is eyes and cars open. A native of Ireland landed at Greenock, and wanted to take the train to Glasgow. Novcr having been in a railroad station, he did Dot know how to get his ticket ; but he saw a lady going in, and determined to follow her lead. The lady went to tho ticket-box, and putting down her money, said, "Maryhill, single." The tioket was duly handed to her, and she walked away. Pat promptly planked down his money, and said, "Patrick Murphy, married."-Young American. ING FOR THE TO SUIT YOUR POC1 keystone Adjustable Woeders, $10.25 rows, $2.05. Caldwell Cotton Di Climax Planters, $3 25. Darb Wire, $2.00 per One Hundred Pounds Blinds. & Blacksmith Tc *&? Harness. ^ Rubber a pplies. J? Wagon and Buj ;es. ids and our prioes sell thei ls. " SEE THE SAW." 3N HARDY ESTMINSTER, S. C. BABY RATTLESNAKES. From the Moment o' .min They Take Care of Ttu...selves. The fallacies surrounding the rat tlesnake begin with the very coming of tho reptile. Many suppose that, Uko the garter snake, the bull snake, the members of tho "racer" family and our other non-poisonous snakes, the rattlesnake is hatched in broods numbering from forty to eighty. Not so. Rattlesnakes are born into the world, us are all members of the viperoid family, in litters numbering from seven to twelve. Between the middle of July and i the middle of August the babies ap pear. Lively, self-reliant, dangerous little fellows they are, fourteen inches long, no thicker than a lead penoil, marked like the adult snakes and provided with a single button at the end of the tail, the first link in the series of rattles to be developed, ring by ring, with each shedding of the skin. Motionless, eyes gleaming, the long mother lies extended across tho back of a sand hummock beneath tho fan like leaf of a dwarf palmetto, glaring coldly at her activo, squirming babies. For a brief half hour she tarries ; then she drags herself away, for from tho first moment a young rattler enters the world ho is inde pendent of bis mother and eminently able to defend himself. Each young snake is a full-Hedged rattler, ready to hunt and ready to defend himself with the sting of death. Each flat, triangular little head is provided with the long, sharp poison fangs contain ing the identical venom of the mother snake.-Pearson's Magazine. MURRAY'S IRON MIXTURE. Now is the time to take a spring tonic. Hy far the best thing to take is Murray's [ron Mixture. It makes pure blood and Sets rid of that tired feeling. At all ruggists. 50o. A BOTTLE. Or di root from THE MURRAY DRUG COMPANY, Columbia, S. C. No Escape. The following telephono con versa ron is reported to have been heard between a certain well-known young financier and a society woman whose functions are considered somewhat coring : "Is that Mr.-?" "Yes." "Thie is Mrs.-. Won't you give is the pleasure of your company at linner on Monday ?" "I'm HO sorry, Mrs. -, but I lave an engagement for Monday." "Can you como Tuesday, then ?" "Why, it is most unfortunate, but T have a partial engagement for Tuesday, also." "Well, how about Wednesday ?" "Oh, hang it! I'll como Monday." A Twice Told Tale. Wo Wish to repeat What WO have s.'id ince boforo in these columns, that I.' iott's lanni:.?tied Oil Liniment is tho jest Uniment ever produced for USO in ibo family and on animals. Best for *heumatism, lameness, still ness and sore less of joints or muscles. I ?est for nuises, contusions, sprains and swoll ngs. You get a full half pint for 25c, md get your money back if it does not lo all it is recommended to do. Wal lalla Drug Company. KET BOOK. Hailook'<t Woedora, $9 26. rappers, $0.50. Kiding Cultivators, $25 to $35. .o?s. Paints, nd Canvas Belt ggy Material. J& n. AJI our cus Anderson County to Tax Mortgages. Audorson, April 8.-Tho Daily Mail publishes tiie following : The County Board of Equalization bas taken a step that is attraoting a great deal of atten tion and may attract a great deal more attention later on. Tho board at its re cent meeting appointed a committee to go over the books in the office of tho \ Clerk of the Court and list all the mort- I gages and place theBO on the tax books, as the law requires, lt seems that a great many mortgagors have not been paying taxes on the mortgages they hold, although the law plainly says they shall do so. All real estate mortgages are to be listed, as well as chat toi mortgages of any considerable size. These mortgages will be listed, and then a circular letter will be sent to the mortgagor in each caso, telliug him that bis mortgage bas been entered for taxation, and notifying him that if any part of it has boen paid bo should notify the board at once so a proper reduction may be made before it is on ter ed on tho tax books. The com mittee is now engaged on this work. Cid. II. H. Watkins has been employed as au expert to assist the committee. The Old Time Way. Our grandmothers gave us powders and toas bocause they knew nothing of modern medicine and methods. In this age of progress and discovery, nicely coated, compressed tablets aro fast supercoding the old timo powders and teas. Kydalc's L ivor Tablets aro com pressed, chocolate coated tablets, easy to swallow, pleasant iu off oct, always re liable. They contain ingredients that cannot bo used iu powdors and teas; in gredients that have an effect upon the liver that is novor obtained from the so called liver powders, etc. A trial will prove their merits. Walhalla Drug Com pany. -. - To Bring Back Pocahontas. Richmond, Va., April 17.-For about two centuries the body of Pocahontas, tho Indian Princess, far famed as the preserver of Capt. John Smith, has lain in an English grave. It is proposed, de clared tien. Fitzhugb Loo, president of tho Jamestown Exposition Company, to nter her remains, bring thom to this SOUDtvy and bury them in the sacrod soil if Jamestown Island some time in tl ..onrac of the exposition to be held tw /ears hence to oom mem?rate the H lttle noent of the island. It is not believed that there, will be any insurmountable difficulties in the way. VERY LOW EXCURSION RATES, BY SOUTHERN RAILWAY, To the Following Points : Kansas City, Mo.-Southern Baptist Convention, May 10-17, 1005. Rate, one rust-class faro, plus 50 coots, for round trip. Tickets on sale May 7 to ll, inclu dive; final limit May 23d, 1005. gm^ St. Louis, Mo. -National Baptist Annifij irorsary, May 10-24, 1005. Rate, one llrst-"*^ ?lass faroj plus 25 cents, for round trip. Tickets on salo M av 14, 15, 10, with Anal limit May 27th, 1005. Asheville, N. C.-South Atlantic Mis sionary Conference, May 17-21, 1005. Rate, ono first-class fare, plus 25 couts, Tor tho round trip. Tickets on salo May Kith and 17th; final limit May 23d, 1005. Fort Worth, Texas-ti onoral Assembly Southern Presbyterian ('burch, May 18-20 1005. Kate, ono first-class fare, plus 12.00, for round trip. Tickots on salo May 15, 10, 17; final limit May 31st, 1005. Toronto, Ont.-International Sunday School Association, .lune 20-27, 1005. Kate, one first-class fare, plus 50 couts, for round trip. Tickets on salo Juno 10, 10, 22, 23, 1005; limitod Juno 80th, 1005. Hot Springs, Va.-Southern Hardware lobbers' Association, Juno 6?0, 1005. [tato, ono hi st class faro, plus 25 cents, for round trip. Tickots on Balo June 8, I, 5; final limit Juno 13th, 1005. Savannah, Ga.-National Travolors' Protective Association of Amorica, May 10-23, 11)05. Rate, one inst class faro, dus 50 conts, for round trip. Tickots on talo May 13th and 14th; final limit May 50th, 1005. Savannah, Ga.-Fourth Annual Tour lamont Southern Golf Association, May ) 13, 1005. Rato, ono flrst-olass fare, plus !5 conts, for round trip. Tickots on salo Hay 7, 8, 0, 1006; limitod May 15th, 1005. ,-\ The Southern Railway is tho most iireot line to all of tbo above points, >perating Pullman sleeping cars, high >ack vestib- ..e coaohes, with superb din ng car sorvico. For detailed information ipply to any tiokot agont of this com pany, or R. W. HUNT. D. P. A., Charleston, S. C.