Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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E^ID 3HC .A. IST TD TO YOUR N El GrHBOR.-?? "? 1 i. i i .i i . i i mm. ? ? ? ? ?-? . . .tf . . i i i i, , i,, __^ TO THINE OWN SELF MTIHIE. AND IT MUST FOUOVV AS THE ^^^^ NIGHT THE DAY, THOU CANS'T NOT THEN BE FALS? ?0 ANY MAN. ^ BY KEITH, SMITH & CO. _ WALHALLA, SOUTH CAUOLINA, THURSDAY, JULY SI, 1881 VOLUME XXXII._-NO. ??5. THE COTTON EXPOSITION. A Suggestion from Mr. Edward Atkinson as to tho Exhibi tion. BOSTON, Maroo 5, 1881.- H. I. Kim ba I), Chairman Executive Committee, At lanta Cotton Exposition-Dear Sir: I beg to submit to you a suggestion fer au exhi bition auxiliary to tho cotton exhibition, that will not in tho slightest degreo interfere with that or alter its plun or method. That exhibition should bo kept in its integrity for cotton, nnd cotton only. Or perhaps we might odd wool from sheep fed on cotton seed, But there might be an auxiliury exhibition, which would add greatly to tho interest of the occasion, and render your success moro absolutely certain. You will recall tho Kansas and Colorado building and its contents which formed a part of tho centennial at Philadelphia. That exposition of tho agricultural and mineral potentiali ty s of Kansas and Colorado turned a groat tide of emigration in thut direction, ami for tho timo being, alturcd ali its conditions. If I am rightly informed that building and ils contents formed a part of tho plan of tho railroad corporations iotcrestcd in those two States by which they expected to attract emigrants and those railroad corporations have been paid one hundred fold for their expense. ^_ Sine? I returned from my hasty visit to a part of thc Dew South, ? have been called upon to give my impressions of what I saw. ?My trip extended through tho bluo gross sections of Kentucky and tho Cumberland plateau to Chi ttonoooga and Atlanta, and North through tho Piedmont sections to .Richmond. In attempting'to describo this journey 1 have usually began by asking my hearers to follow io ll.cir minds tho boun dary lines ol a section of thc new South moro than three fourths thc size of Fra?ee, nearly twice thc size of England combined, beginning on the Ohio Uiver, keeping along tho Westerly margin of tho bluo grass country, across Tcnuc-ssco into Northern Alabama, then Easterly u little South nf Allanta, theneo Northerly on thc Easterly ii.oigin of tho Piedmont district to tho Potomac Uiver, and Westerly to thc poiut of beginning, keeping nt every point in tho bnundury linc at least six hundred feet above tho level of tho sea, and ranging from that to 0,700 feet, and, therefore, all above malaria, except where thc rivers have cut their way to tho low lands. I have ihcu said that if one wished to realize thc potentiality of this section, and ?ls future place in the history of thc United States, they might bc assured thut in its resources in coul, iron, stilt, lead, zinc, copper, cor? rundum and in timber of tho most valuable , forts, it exceeds Great Britain and France combined; that in its possibility of agricul ttural productions it is equal to cither, und .offers greater diversity thun either country would. 1 have then added, it is tho terr?, ?ImOSt incognita of this nation, inhabited io tho extent of ot least one half of its area l<y on isolated population, clad in homespun und milking for themselves tho things re quired hy their limited wants. 1 have uddud that until the Cincinnati Southern ?opened thc Westerly side of this section it hud been thc railroad desert upon thc map <jf thc Hailed States, in which scarcely o mile of thc effective railroad could bc found; and that it needed a general purvey to open it to the Knowledge of emigrants, moro than tho distant territories of thc fur Northwest. It is not too ?auch to soy that thc present rural and turning population of thc United Stutes, 80,000,000 ot leost, in Dumber, could bo sustained within tho limits of this area, under better conditions than thc overage conditions which ?Key now enjoy. This section is now booming with tho great icduitriul forces born o? liberty; is being permeated in every direction by ucw lines of railroad, undor thc management of tr.cn wlioorc as sagacious ns any connected with any of thc great railroad enterprises of this country. Tho moment yc? bring tho Eubject to their attention, will they not combine to build a duplicate of thc Kansas and Colmado building, and to bring to gether therein specimens of tho minerals, thc timber, thc soils and tho produot of Agriculture-thc flora and the fauna-of ?this great section of our common country. If you do not think that such an enter? ?prise would overshadow tho cotton cxliibi )' -tion, and if you bclicvo with me that it will .double, tho in'ctcst and double tho attend ance there, I (bink you have but to sprc.id ibis kiter before your pcoplo aud tho pug .-gestion will bo os potent as thc first sugges tion of thc cotton exhibition is ucw proving lo hovo been. In this case again, (ho somewhat higher .building would bo required oan bo con structed after tho manner of tho middle 6eetion of tho proposed cotton exhibition building; and like that moy bo so cou? uti neted |hat ?ls several parts will bo worth moro for other purposes ofter tho exhibition ie over, thon tho cost of thc materials of which it will bo constructed. In this connection it ought to bo consul, crcd that tho rapid increase io tho wheat crop of tho United States moy presently end in such low piiccs that it will DO longer bo worth while for emigrants to pass on to tho distant prniiies of tho far West where they must depend on wheut os their money #rop. And it must net bo forgotten that if wo bad enjoyed ns good a cotton piekiug ccosou j h i? year ns wo hud lust, tho crop might have reached from six and a half to ?oven million boles; and then it may bo that tho hst million of trash will Dot bo worth tho cost of sendirgto market and tho prioo of tho wholo may bo greatly do orea sod. ,Qp (he other hand wo aro to rrooivo MO increasing budy of emigrants, perhaps u considerable portion of tito 5,000,000 tenant funnels of England who aro now being ruined by American competition in farm products, and who must find another standing placo for their intelligence and Industry. Where in tho wholo country can there bc found a section so congenial to this clans of probable emigrants than portions of Vir ginia, Kentucky, Northern Georgia and of Western North and South Carolina? Is it not time to bo considering diversities of soil, climate and conditions, and tho con centration of immigrants io this section which constitutes tho back-bono of the United Staten, and to cheek tho tendency to scatter tho people over vast areas where they may presently fiud themselves unable to produoo anything that they can nelli* I can add nothing further to these sug gestions. If tho plan docs not approve itself on its first consideration it may bo laid aside. Yours truly, EDWARD ATKINSON. The Now South. Tho ern of political quiet and industrial prosperity that has dawned brightlv upon thc Southern States is one of tho most en couraging signs of these bright times. Twen? ty years ago tho Sooth was in tho begin ning of o destructive war, whioh it might cosily havo averted. Ten years ago it was still prostrate from tho disastrous results of that deadly conflict. To-dtty tho signs aro unmistakable that it has entered upon a high road of material progress, which hus only to bc followed to lead to n mcasuro of prosper ity and happiness that would havo seemed Utopian in tho days of slavery. Tho now census returns show that within thc past Icu years there has been in thc Southern States a sociul and economic await, cuing which promises to be general aud lusting. Thc marked increase of popula tion-that has taken place hus been attended with a most encouraging improvement in thc condition of tho people. New towns havo sprung up nod old ones havo grown in size and prosperity. Schools, libralics and newspapers have multiplied and illiteracy hus diminished. Factories havo increased in capacity and number, railroads have teen built iu every direction, and seaports and other commercial centres have become bus ier than ever before. During thc past three or four years Western groiu lins been seek ing loreign markets by way of thc Mississip pi Uiver in such rapidly increasing quanti tics OS to COUSO no littlo alarm in certain Northern quurtcre. Tho lido of Southern prosperity that has already oct iu must (ind a new tributary when thc completion of thc railroad and telegraph systems now io prog ress Ol' contemplation shall open Mcxi:o to Ameticou enterprise. With this promising advance in thc comiuerciul and industrial welfare of thc South is now seen a change in ?ls political condition that ia hardly less encouraging. As long ns partisan dominated nil other in terests politics was thc bane of thc South. This was conspicuously thc case in the years immediately following tho war. To-day economical aro mudo greater than partizau considerations. Political quiet has taken tho place of political turmoil and industrial activity hos followed industrial stagnation Men arc coming into public lifo who were boys when tho rebellion raged, and wcro unborn when thc Gerce political battles preceding it wcro fought. They oro not anxious to fight out thc party feuds ol their fathers. They havo no desire to bc etern ally warring over thc dead issues of thc past. They havo had enough Stale Rights contra vcray, enough war, enough reconstruction and enough of tho ''bloody shirt" business They see more money, moro success and moro prosperity in trade aud industry than iu polities. Tho younger members who como to Washington arc moro interested in tho industrial and comiuerciul welfare of their country und thc social and education al advancement of thc people than in parti san strife which can only defeat these good cuds. Such, ut least, is tho plain tendency if not yet tho realization of Southern politi cal life. lu tho general progress that tho South has marlo fcinco ibo war the growth of its cotton industry appears ns tho most striking, promising ond significant. Tho greatest cotton crop known in tho days of shivery was thal of 1850-00, which fooled Up moio than four milloo ???ht hundred und twenty thousand bales and exceeded any preceding crop by a hundred thousand bales. Rut sineo tho war tho yearly produotiou has steadily and rapidly increased until tho ofop of last year roached tho unprecedented Gguro of 5,757,807 bales, each of which was twenty pounds heavier than tho bales of tho greatest anti-war crop. Tho aggro goto yield of this great stuplc during tho fifteen years following tho war was hrgcr by ten million bales and moro valuable by near ly seven hundred million dollars than dur ing tho fiftecu years preceding tho war. Tho crop of tho present yorr will bo tho largest, yet raised, and is expeotcd to amount to moro than six million bales. Thoro aro yet bo signs of any arrest of this onward move ment, and thoro is every indication that tho future will bring forth crops that now Would seem marvellous. Rut more significant than this extraordi nary progress in oulturo of cotton ?B tho ad vance mado by thc Mouth in its manufacture. Since 1870 tho capacity of Southern mills hos increased from eleven thousand to moro than fifteen thousand looms, and from four hundred thousand to seven hundred thous and Spindles. Within (ho sumo period tho consumption of cotton has moro than doubled. It was forty- live mellion pounds in 1870 and io 1880 it ha'd l?croosed to moro than ono hundred million. Tho ccu-* sus returns show that during tho past, (JoQAijo (ho South has nuuk moro ia p. id strides in cotton manufactures than either the country at large or Now Eoglund, tho ! great centro of tho industry in America I The progress that it hus inado, and promisee to make, suggests tho very important inquiry whether tho South hus not at last set out upou that coureo which in time must load to thc achievement of one of tho gt cut possibilities that nature hus put within its roach. That tho American cotton crop should be sent raw to English mills and returned manufactured tu cisatlantic markets is as abnormal and unnatural as thut water should run up hill. Tho supremacy which England now holds in tho manufacturo of cotton must BOODer or later-so far, at least, os American cotton is concerned - bc trans ferred to this country, whero it properly belongs. The time muy bc distant, but its coming is inevitable. Tho consumption of cotton by American mills is steadily ond rapidly increasing, and will continuo fo increase until thc entire crop is manufactur ed in the United States. Whito this suprcmnoy may first pass from old England to New Euglond it is a question whether it will uot then shift from tho lutter to tho Southern States. To this ascendancy New England has no pcculiat right or claim. Thc South has natural ud vuutages which New England hus not,'ond it can acquire all thc advantages which Nen Engluud hus. Its climate is favorable tc thc manufacture of cotton, ond it hos abun dance of water power and fuel. iMuckinerj ond chilled labor cnn bo imported, wllili capital und enterprise must bo forthcoming when tho advantages thot undoubtedly exis aro seen and appreciated. In addition ti these considerations thc great coming dc velopment of thc West und Southwest wil bc attended with a growing demand lb manufactured cotton, while the anticipate! establishment of commercial intercours between the United States and Mexico wil open n now ond extensive field for the eal of cotton goods. lu these groat markets, a well us those of Central ond South Amener its geographical position will give to th Souih decided odvautagP3. Wc ure nwurc that so high on authorit in this mutter us Mr. Edward Atkinson who, however, is a New England man on identified with thc cotton interests of thi part of the country, maintains thu the Soul cannot become o groot centre of tho cotto manufacturing industry. But wo have nt seen any reasons put furl h iu support of th opinion which cannot bo satisfactorily un or any obstacles pointed out which cantu bo overcome in time. Of course it will tal time to build up cotton manufactures in tl South, os it has in England abd in Nc Engluud. But thc South has raro natur advantages for thc dcvelopcmcnt of th industry, which, if properly turned account, cannot fail of grout results -A'e j York Herald. Cotton Seed and its Usos. Fuel, Soap, Olive OH, st ou-Ei. Fo< dor, and tim (Mtier H'rodtaclH < tlio Wonderful ?'li.ut. Cotton seed, when hauled to tho mills, covered with short lint which the cotton g cannot tako off; us tho saws are not clo enough together. Tho seed ia lirst pot in screen of cylindrical form, and thc dust si ed out, then it is winnowed or fanned nguiu a screen, so that dirt and heavy subsume fall from it. The closo set gins arc then U? to scrape the lint from tho seed. Tho se then goes into a cylinder containing twen four cylindrical knives, and ns this oylim revolves tho need is cut up very fine nf which thc hulls arc separated from tho mc Tho men I is prorscd between rollors and \ in woolen lings, which uro placed I tween horse hair mats having leather bat fluted inside, so that tho oil can escape eas when thc meal H putin tho press. Tho meal is subjected to a hydraulic pn sure of 20G tons. Thu bugs aro left in pr 17 minutes. Tho oil runs oil' and tho tn ie pressed into a solid cake-oil cake, which 1 Bhall speak further on. Tho oil pumped into a room, called the oil room, a either barreled in a crudo state or renn It is refined by treating it with caustic soi In refining tho deposit falls to tho botte and thc relined eil amounts to about 82 ; cent, of thc crudo. Tho first product derived from this prac Is tho lint, which amounts to about 5 Cent., of n crop-that is tbo country takes 05" per cent, of the orop and tho s retains 5 per cent, which the rniiis soot Tho cotton is v^,y whito nnd oloan, hut v and tho best of it sells nt eight oe per pound. It is usod to mako ootton hatti Tho crop of tho oil mills amounted to 5; bales last year. Second-Tho hulls constitute about half of tho seed. Thoy aro used for fuel run tho mill, and thus thc mills do not n to bey any oonl. Tho 06hes make a yal bio fertilizer, and thoy aro also leeched tho pnrposo of obtaining lyo to mako soap Third-Tho oil amounts to nbont 15,000, gallons in tho United States, and nb mt, I 000,000 gallons aro yearly exported to I ropo, where it is used to adulterate olivo Three gallons o? ootton seed oil nnd one olivo oil makes four galloon of tho aver olivo oil, nod tho cottoti oil can hardly dcteotcd. Tho q'uostion naturally arises, if w? 1 to eat eli ve ci I which is mudo from co aced, would it not bo well for homo manu turora to prepare it and not IllloW tho C sumer to pay two freights seroso tho All tit). Fourth-Tho oil cako is of a rich y cl color, and is used principally to ioed Bti for which uso it is ground and fed like i meal, lt is shipped in sacks, ouch weigl 200 pounds. Fifth-Tho deposit loft whon the oil i<i fined is used to malic soupand also for mal dyes. Thus nothing is lost, nnd tho cc plant tokos its placo as tho most wunde production of. our country. Thoro aro in country now fifty six cotton seed oil mills which Louisville has nine. Six o? timm in this pity. Mississippi has nine, Ton ROO and Todas 6'ft?h eight, Arkonsas I Missouri rind Alabama.each two, and O girt Ono, ?Hld this is in Augusta. Tho nm ol send unod is about four hundred und itNUCM* tw jft?rly, Cotton Manufacturing in tho South. Mr. Edward Atkinsou, as is known, holds that in tho cotton country tho climato is not favorublo fur establishing industries that ro uiro continuous, indoor labor every working uy in tho year, on ti very largo sctilo, and thut the South can gcnorally inako more money by grawin!? cotton than by manufac turing it. Mr. Felix Fontaine, tho Georgia Commisssionor of Land and Immigration, lins, in a rcoont letter, presented his views regarding tho future of cotton manufacturing in the South, and in doing so takes issue with Mr. Atkinson., Mr. Fontaine believes that tho South is tho rogiun of al) others for tho building and profitable operation cf large mills, ile cites tho Euglo und I'hcnix Manufacturing Oom. pony's mills at Columbus, G.i., wheeo aro employed 1,800 operativos, thc extent of thoso mills being indicated by tho fact that they have 45,000 spindles and. ono thousand eight hundred looms, manufacturing over 100 varieties of whilo and colorod g.todfl, and using 13,000 balos of cotton annually and 800 pounds of wash wo ?1 daily. All the op* erntives in tho Southern mills, says Mr. Fon taine, aro whitos, nearly all natives of tho region where tho mill is Situutod, "It is," nays Mr, Fontaine further on,' an undisputed fact that no mill in New England can show equal profits with thoso carnod by mills in Georgia, nil of them, except n few small mills being situated in tho 'cotton country propor.'" Mr. Fontaine asks if any one can seriously assert that Georgia mills, which hnvo an advantago of 1 9-10 conta por pound in tho cost ol raw material over their North eastern competitors-which for a mill of 1.000 looms amounts to over 9 Jpcr cent, of tho cntiro capital, or $120.099 per annum-? cannot sell goods to Mexico and tho South western States cheaper than can mills 1.000 miles from tho cotton tiolds nnd 1,000 miles further distant from tho Western market. Mr Fontaine estimates that u crop of 0 500. 000 bales would require thc work of 2,100. GG0 farm laborers, and ho believes that this yust army of workers will at no distant day bc clothed with goods made almost exclu sively in the cotton country proper. Thc Southern mills have, according to th* Geor gia Commissioner, been selling heavy shoot ings at six and three fourth cents per yard, shirtings nt livo and throe fourth cents nnd eight ounce omni burgs of lino finish nt 9.1 cents, making money at a timo when no Northern mill could do it. In thc construe* tion of their mills, tho Georgia companies have in their favor a difference of 33 per cent, in thc cost of brick, and of OG per cunt, in that of lumber, while the raw material can bo bought $10 por bale cheaper than thc Northern ami English manufacture* can buy it. Alter making his argument, Me. Fon taine concludes by asserting that, ns in New England*, largo' factories pay best in Georgia. South Carolina has the Famo experience as Georgia. The profits of the cotton mills arc handsome, and there is a healthy colton mill revival in (fte State. Curiously enough however ibo highest rato of profit last year was a very small mill, working with the "Clement Attach nYcnt.V Every mill in thc State recently erected and well equipped is lining well, and it will not take long to mako Mr. Atkinson a true bolievoe in thc wisdom of bringing thc mills to tho cotton.--Nctes und Courier, Somo Facta About Cotton. In a rccont lotter Mr. E lvvard Atkinson, of Boston, ?hows by comparison of results tho enormous ?conomie superiority of free labor over slave labor, in tho cultivation nf cotton. Tho crop of cotton of 1878 and 1879 was the largest over raised. Tho ten orops nt 1850 to 18G1, inclusive, being tho last crop raised by slave labor, numbered 34, 995 410 bales. Tho ten crops of 1870 to 1879, inclusive, being tho ten last crops raised by free labor, numbered 41,454743, bales. Tho excess of the lon years of free labor amounts to G,159,303 bales. Tho vnluo nf tho ten last crops*, of which about two thirds have been exported, has been not less than $2,500.000,000, and has probably amounted to $3,000,000,000. Thc increase is progressive, theexcesssof tho live last crops over tho crops immediately preceding thc war has been 3,932,415 bales. Tho world's crop of cotton is now toual to ten or twelvo bales of thc nvcraPO weight of American cotton, probably t'*.d latter. Of this quantity fivo inillioD Vales aro raised in thc United St^/.cs, and botween six and seven m'W.jii baled aro spun and woven upon Machinery contained in largo faotorios in Europe and America. Tho rest is spun and woven by hand, and lhere is probably a larger portion of tho population of tho Globo slill insufficiently clothed in hand made gonds than nro clothed in thoso furnished by th? factories of Europe and America combined. Tho uvcrogo work of ono operativo working ono year in f.owoll will supply tho annual wants of 1,010 folly clothed (Jhinoso or 3,000 partly clothod East Indians. N>* country in tho weildi cxeofjt Egypt, producos any substantial quantity of colton so well adapted to work upon modern machinery as that of the Southern States. Nearly ono half thc world remains to be conquered by cotton and commerce.' To ibo cotton fields and factories of tho United States will not tho incienso snroly come aa commerce slowly but surely opena tho waj? Tho whole colton crop of tho world could bo raised on a section ol Texis less than ono twolfth of Its area; or oould bc divided; between any two of lite other principal cotton .States without exhausting ono half of their good lands or it could all bo raised on less than ono half thc Indian Territory that Is not yet occupied at all. , . Touching tho ecst of raising colton In the Mouth, Mr. Atkinson suggests Ibo opinion that if tho cost of labor bo measured by it offlOtivO UCSa as well as by inc mensuro of tho money with which it is paid, lhere is no placo in tho world where so clfcolive an amount of manual labor can bo procured al flo lillie cost as in tho employaient of negroes upon Southern col ton fields. The friuo of baeon and corn gauges tho oosl of colton. Eaten together they uro digestible and nulriiious-eaten separately quito olberwiso. They constitute tho food that tho negro tiuld band freely chooses. Throe and ono half pounds of bacon, ono pick of meal and ono q'iiarl of molasses or syrup coustilulo Ibo Week's talion of an adult man or woman. This ration has been lately and can now bo supplied rtt a cost of thirty oigltt to forty (Wo cents per week, or six cents or ICSJ poi day. The plat of sweet pclatoe.s and tish from tho poudj au-l riven tforvo for thc rei,!/ Brief Skotch of tho Lifo of Prosi dent Garfield. Gen Garfield's birth hi Ohio and hi? political career have strongly identified his family with thal Stato. Ho came, however, of New England ancestry. In 1730 ono Edward Garfield emi grated from thc neighborhood of Chester and settled in Watertown, Mass, lt is said that on his way over to Ibis country ho married a Ger mall girl and this dash of German blood in Ibo family may account for James A. Garfield's stroug taste? for Ibo German languago and literaturo. Thc entire loudly remained in Wa tertown until 17G?, when a part of il removed to Weston, Mass. Abraham Garfield look part in Hie battle cf Coucoi'd and bis brother, Solomon Garfield, was also fi revolutionary soldier. Tho former and ono John Hoar, tho great-grand father or {Senator Geo. P. Hoar, Chairman of the Convention which nominated James A. Gar field for President, signed their names in 1775 to u document stating (hat tho British troops fired without provocation thc first volley at Con cord. At thu closu of thc Revolution Solomon Garfield, who, like his ancestors, was a farmer, purchased a small farm near Worcester, OlsegO county, New York. His ?on Thomas married Ascmith Hall, a half sister of Samuel Hassell, ul one time clerk of tho county, and from this union was born iu December, 17'J'J. Abraham Garfield, tho father of tho bile President. Abram married Eliza Ballon, a connection of Hosea liullou, ono of thu founders of thu Uni versalism in America. Not long after their mar riage I lie couple removed lo Ibo township of Orange, Cnyahoga county, in Northeastern Ohio. Almost all of this part of Ibo Stol o was nt thal time still covered with dense foresls (ind Iho GuiTiclds were obliged to clear tho land for I heir fanning. They built a log cabin twenty feet hy thirty, and in (his cabin James Abram Garfield was born on tho l'Jth of November, 1831. Ho waa (he youngest of four children, and soon after his birth his father, Abram Garfield, died, leaving his mother with a hard prospect in life. Sito is a woman of strong character und of wonderful enerby. When James was quite young he was of servioo lo tho struggling tinnily and by thc time he was twelve years old helped considerably toward ila comfort und support. Tho Garfield household endured tho (rials of severe poverty and tho early days ol' thc future President were passed in such priva tions as have f?llen to thc lot of a few famous men. At sixlcen he was a raw country boy, full of vigor and already remarkably well educated for his opportunities. Ho bad a boyish idea of going lo sea, but was dissuaded from doing so by his motlier. Ho was then serving as a com mon canal hand. When he was eighteen ho was enabled lo at (end schocl by tho industry and privations of his mother. He taught schoil and saved $300 willi which he started to Williams College in I8?4. Finish ing a brilliant course (here, he entered Hiram College as Professor of Ancient Languages. His first appearance in politics was in 1857, when he made several slump speeches in a Slate campaign. In 18?D he was elected to the Slate Senate as a strong anti slavery mau. He at tained grcal influence in Ibo Legislature and was considered one of Ibo readiest speakers and strongest debaters in thc body. When the war began bc entered into it with great enthusiasm. Ho was appointed by Gov. Dennison Lieutenant Colonel of Ibo Forty, second Ohio Regiment, but was made Colonel as soon as Iho regiment was organized. Do rose to ibo rank of Brigadier General and was made chief of stall' of thu army nf thc Cumberland At Cliickamauga ho rendered distinguished servido', aild this was thc last active war duly he performed. Soon afterwards he was promoted lo tho rank of Major General of volunteer:-. In 18G3 he resigned Ms commission lc'accept an election lo tho Thirty-Eighth Congress from' what is now thc Nineteenth Ohio District. Ho served successively in every Congress until bc was elected lo thc Presidency. In 1877 he was a member of (ho Electoral Commission, lie fore his nomination at Chicago he was elected lo succeed Judge Thurman in tlie Un'ued Stales Senate, bul on the day thal he would have taken his scat in (bal body ho was inaugurated Presi dent of thc United Slates willi tho grandest ceremonies ever known on such an occasion. Thc Congressional career of I lic President is fresh in the minds of the conni ry. He was one ol' (he most prominent ligures thal has appeared in Washington since the war. After Mr. Blaine went lo thc Senate he was Ihc acknowledged leader of thc Republican parly in tho House. It was his eminent service in this field, as well as his great popularity in thc doubtful State of Ohio, which caused thc anti Grant factions to unite on him at Chicago. In tho canvass ho developed fine powers of political leadership and created <jreat enthusiasm throughout iho South and West. Of his administration lillie need bc said, ns it bas been so brief and its every important fad is so well known. Garfield when 27 ,yenr8 old married Miss Lucretia Rudolph, daughter of a Maryland fanner, whom he bud met when both were students nt Hiram College. Ho is a devoted member of the Christ ian or Oumpbcllitc Church and has frequently appeared as a lay preacher in ils pulpits. Ono Hingnlnr incident of lifo life is (hal whil? spending a vacation in North Poynul, Vt., he taught, a writing class in n school where Chester A. Arthur hud been prin cipal a year before. Thc President was ti man of lino physique and just in the primo ol' his power. Personally ho was" very attractive and was notable for thc simplicity of his manners, which tho honers of (hu White House seem to havo left entirely unaffected. Prosperity ?III Store loi1 (lie South* In a recent interview Mr. Edward Atkinson; who has given much study (o Ibo ma (erial re sources of iho South, colled public attention (o (wo things (hal aro likely lo prove extraordinary agencies III advancing tho agricultural pros purity of ihc Southern Slates. A serious diffi culty Unit planters and tanners have had lo contend against there is tho fact thal it has cost thrco limes as much lo feed n mulo or other animal as lo support a field hand. One of Ihc (binga mentioned by Mr. Al?ir.son ls a new machino for separating tho hulls from cotton seed and cutting up Ibo leaf and stock of tho plant in such away as to convert into nutritious animal food whal n few years ago was almosl wholly wasted. Ono result will bc a supply of food for from twenty million to forty million sheep. This mimbor of sheep means from seventy-five million lo ono hundred and fifty million pounds of wool a year, which in (urn means an annual addition of Irom iwcnty-fivo (o filly million dollars directly lo Southern wealth, besides the vast indirect gains (hui must follow. Tlicro is 11(416 doubt (hat wool oan bo mado'a staple second only to cotton in tho South, and (hero is roason lo beliove (hal it is destined to becomo so. Siiico tho war ibo Southern wool product has increased at a remarkable rate. In Texas, tho g rent o's t or" (ho wool producing Stales South, Hie clip bas run up from six mil lion pound* >U 1800 IO twenty-two million pounds in 1880. In the ol lief Gulf Slates (hero' lias been an increase of niore than five fold in the product. By following up ihis progress ami pushing on into thc hold of woollen inrwiufao Iines Die South n?ny ?cbievo results that must aild wonderfully tu its material prosperity and weill h. Tho other thing of which Mr. Atkinson 8pcnks is a newly discovered foroo called ensi lage for restoring exhausted soils and develop ing productive power. In bis opinion it will prove tho means of rejuvinuting (lie Soul li anil of supplying what it hus greatly needed-' namely, succulent food during thc long hot, dry season thal is essential lo the cotton crop. Tho prnfctical 7alt?o of tho discovery is to bo tested ut thc coming; cotton' exhibition in Atlanta, and thanh! ils virtues prove to bc what they aro claimed lo bo it must open np a new era in agri culture and work untold advantages, not only for thc South, but nlso other parts of tho iounlry.-Aeie York Herald. Tho Spirit of Faction/ Extinct From a Sermon E'rcacli c<l lu Sumter Count y by Kev. A. W. Itloorc. Tn his sermon ot Hisliopvi;lc, Sumter County, on laat Sunday morning, tho Hov. . A. W. Moore, referring to tho attempted assassination of President Garfield, spoke as follows : I may not inoppropriutcly introduco hero a brief allusion to that tragic cveut, which' within a few days has stirred tho great heart of thc nation, 1 might say of tho world. I allude to the attempted uS?as9iuution of tho President of tho United States. Hut recently installed, amid tho acclama tions of fifty millions of people into tho highest place of honor within tho gift ot' that people, und yot carrying himself so worthily and so nobly os to win the admira? lion of tho party that resisted his elevation to thc Presidency, ho was shot down in open dsy by u wretch, whose insanity wis inspir ed by tho spirit of faction - that spirit that would not shrink from bribes and murder to accomplish its ends; that samo old spirit that crier] : "Crucify him, cruci fy him !" Tho ten thousand messages of sympathy and hope that have poured into Washington from ail parts of this broad Union, irrespec tive ol party, irrespective of section, irre spective of cla9S, irrespective of 6CX, is an honor to tho noble sufferer, and no less au honor to tho sympathetic, appreciative, Christian people Silent, devout prayers have been ascending to heaven from the; hearts of Christiaus throughout thc world for thc Christian President. Fur thc first time since tho days of ino .'Father ot his Country," tho Chief Execu tive of ibo American Nation is a professed follower, a disciple of tho Lord Jesus. Therefore that which wo seo is not only tho outburst of patriotic, national sympathy, but of profound Christian sympathy. Thc ciroular of Mr Hluinc, I.H Secretary of State, assuring thc people that thc Pres ident was belog sustained by a sublimo Christian faith und a resignation equal tu any event that God may ordaiu, touched ino must deeply, ev?n to tears. 1 rejoice that messages of condolence and sympathy and anxious solicitude como from the English Parliament, from thc Q'iceo, from Parnell, thc representative of thc suffering pcoplo of Ireland, from France and Spain and Italy, from thc beads of all thc goventucnts of tho civilized world, even from tho Mikado of Japan. I rejoice in this unrestrained, spon taneous, universal rebuke of thc murderous, spit it of faction, that spirit which ran riot in Jerusalem wheo thc Sanhedrim condemn ed un innocent man to deal lt and thc Ko?uau soldiery brutally executed tho sentence'. I rejoice that tho human race has advan ced so rapidly that tho brutal act of tho dmoniac Guitcau and thc spirit of faction out of which that&0> grew has received such burning, spontaneous universal condemna tion. I rejoice to believe to-day that it is the Gospel, thc glorious Crospol of Jesus, that is uplifting O?fr face, that is seizing tho hearts of those who aro administering tho govcrnm?nts of thc world, that is linking men together in the tics of uuivcrsal broth erhood, und I pray that tho work of tho glorious Gospel of Jesus may go on until' tho day shall como when such au act ns this which Guitcau has committed from its very loathsomeness, from its very abhorrence, cannot bo committed. I want tho doy to como wheu an enlightened, elevated Chris tian sentiment is so strong, and so resistless that ho who wantonly and wiokodly,through hopo of personal gain, or political gain, thinks of imbruing his bonds in his' brother's blood, niny know thut he forfeits' nil huiuon sympathy, all governmental pro tection, all political affiliation, ond that' with a heart so wicked and a hand so red his iucvilablo doom is to sink down into tho bottomless pit, out of which carno tho father of lies, und malice and murder. 1 know, my beloved friends, how heart ily, how trustfully you will loin mo in' prayer to God fur tho rcoovery cf tho Pres ident cf tho United States, thut tho great consolations ot' tho Gospel may sustuiu bini in bia great sufferings, and moy also comfort ?od uphold his wife end sorrowing ohil-] dre a. Tho Mormon religion hos been steadily oxtendiog itself. "For several years," nays tho San Franoisoo Chronicle, "Ita members have boen swarming in largo numbers from tho purent hive and estab lishing flourishing colonies in tho adjacent, States aod Territories. I'hey oro pouring m steady streams in Colorado, Montana, Washington and Wydiultig. Thoy aioi llrcudy sufilcicntly strong in Idaho. lo> liold tho balanuo of political power; rind wherever they go they not and volo in mplioit obedicuoo to their ccoKsijs(ioa( mihoiitica."