Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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ii fr thu? <*? mV 1* trite, a?d U nmt??hvM YOUNG, WALHALLA, S. C, FRIDAY, jft^fe',/ , VOL UL-.NO. 42. GOVKKNOU BC0TJT? ME8BAGE. < TH? POLIOY OF UI8 ADMINISTRATION MAUJi- , BU OUT. 1 Gentlemen of tho Se?ala and Hov* of ?2op . fcacnlativet : (^>rUr^-^?T?r8TU^ History of South , t Wljt/(Mo\\m, hov Gonoral Assembly has convoued under a Goustitution that rcoognizoB thc rights >of man. 'Tho monopoly of class, by winch tho few govornod tho mauy, has gono down beforo tho Bovcrignty of tho people, and her institutions have boen founded on the broad basia, that " all govcrnmcuta derive their just power? from thc oon?ont of thc govorncd." Our Constitution, recently ratified by tho vast majority of thc voters of South Carolina, guarantees to thc citizen every piivilcgc con sistent with tho safety of thc State, and in vests tho Stato with every prerogative not in consistent ;,with tho rights of thc mtucu. Sound policy and correct principle thus unite in our political system, and it will be your du-1 L tv, aa it will doubtless bo yoar obiof ann, HO ? l?Ria??to that t hc public laws, and adminis tration of tho State, shall not disorcdit thc Constitution under which you have aesei . b The object of all legislation should bc tho greatest good to tho groutcst number ; equal [ and cxnet justice to all is, therefore, required at your banda ; and 1 have no doubt that each aud every olass and locality in the State will receive their due share of public favor from your honorable body. FINANCE AND BT ATE l>r?T. Thc financial condition of thc Stato will 'oubtloss engage your or.Wy and most nonou* Altonion, and thc necessary ways and meant bo provided, both for tho support of its gov crnrncm amt to meet the lawful demands o: it? creditors, foreign and domoilie. Character ia credit, and credit IA the ver sinews of thc State iu peace and war. Tin obligation of thc State, therefore, to meet al of ita liabilities is founded alike upon corroe Imoral principle and Bound publio polioy. TII?B obligation should be thc more sensibl felt from thc fact that a State canuot, like a individual, become the subject of cocroiv I' procesa to compel it to meet its just indobtot jp ' on its honor. Thc Convention appointed Ronni of Commissioners to" i\\VW?J[^0 1 dabt and available nefmutr Vofer'you to ;w .Ain^ustLona to.-my?^iJubtloss ?ooh bo laid 15ofofryour honorable body. I will make tins matter of debt of tho State tho subject of a special message to thc C ?ncrnl Assembly 1 as it is ono that vitally concerns thc reputa' ?ion of our people and tho futuro credit of thc 1 State. The information that X now have plaaes thc valid debt of the Slate, exclusively of tiie ' war debt, ot about five millions fivo hundred ' thousand dollar,. (?5,500,000.) This debt ia ' vory small compared with that of other States ? and tho resources of thc Stato, and if proper" ' moasurcs aro taken to promptly liquidate tho 1 intcrcrst duo upon it, tho credit of South Car- < oho* will ntaud aa high ss that of any Stato ? tn tho Union. 7 jj I would reoomtnond tho funding of tho un- B paid intorcst now duo upon tho State dobt ' and also that accruing up to a period whoo th? t Stato will, without doubt, bo aldo to meet hor a labilities; and would suggest tho 1st of Ju- 4 Jv, 1800, as tho date to which it should bo Tl i of f0U,ld a,so rccom'?o>Hl that nil bonds .. of tho State should bo made payable in Now v 1 prk as tho financial centre of the oountrv ? t ?nd that nil stocks ?hall bo convertible into ? bonds at tho plcasuro of tho holders. . [ STATE BANK. fi I rooouimoud au carly and thorough Invos- I1 ttgatton into tho affairs of tho Stato Bank ? with a viow to asoortain tho liabilities it may n havo entailed upon tho Stato, pursuant to tho * torras of its ohartor. Its debts and assets o iu ?no?ld bo inquired into, and it should bo put 1 . in liquidation ns soon as possible, in order that ( j^.tust clares ogainst it may bo promptly ti JlOiJOO OF "STATE OVVinuns ANI> DEPOSITORY f< FOIt SPAT? FUNDS. P In 6tJcr t0 su?pa tl:u Slat? "???'nat loss by n, .defolcatiou tn ^jorwwo. I earnestly rccom- ? mond that all oms?'' ? aii? ,?har?cd with I u ,tho custody of public i?tnt*? ??a,U ho wqujrod Ito cive an:nie bond? and fio,. nriC' for tho safe- r. tho State; and trf?t authority should bo ves ted in tho Governor iuM\ lwo private citizens, to ho selected by tho GoneV^l Assembly, or "Qthorwiso, w dom and from tho .?tato Treaau Ver at any thno an exhibit of his h'?onHt. and all publio nionoys for which ho may bo"ae> eouiitablo ; tliis inspection to bo made at loast onco in oaoh quarter. TAXATION AND ASSESSMENTS. Thoro is mi problem that can engage tho intion of <ho legislator moro difficult than frouilng (I an equitable system of taxa Kvon \\ tho most prosporous oommuni , tho lawsjthat oxaot from tho oitizon a ,ion of hisjmeans to support tho govorn tt that pro cots his lifo and property, aro Np ?jwcd with xtrcmo sensitiveness. Espoo v. v /y is tliiy tl i caso in a sooioty such as ours, '?t?oc?is Vn^lonK ?vory kind havo boon sud -j^Vlcft.iN,hange( by tho oonvulfiions of war, and ?r'?t.r V oxo isivo govcrnuiont Of olnes luis July B, 10t?do( into tho truo Republicanism ~~Ymfirngo. Honoo, those who op .??j , T-Vouptitution of ouv Stato allege ' $175 ^Mll^^porty holder. The Machino tovyaal,0 ,<mJ orv ro?piO". amt i:i ?')t\ Addwat^N AT I OM A U H\ rgumcnt, however specious it may seem, do troys itself by proving loo muoh ; for aa in li rep?blica tho majority must rule, nod ns ho majority aro nlwaya non-property holders, r as individuals pay lcaat of thc taxes, itfol ows, under tho argument alledgcd, that tho .ery basia of our republican system should bo ixpungod. Wbilo tho capitalist may justly loolaro that ho should not bo made tho sub cot of unreasonable cxaotions, ns upon bis japitnl dopond tho croation of great public and arfvato ontorprisos, ami tho employment ol labor in every pursuit in life ; yet the working masses-tho agriculturist and Ibo mechanic -may, with no loss justice, owert that by their labor and skill capital is multiplied through all tho varied forms of production and trade, and that they are the bone and sm ew of the State in peace and war, anti should therefore roccivo their due share m its admin istration. , . . Recognizing thc justice of both ot theso olaitos, it is your delicate and importaut duty so to adjust our system of taxation that the enterprise of thc capitalist shall not bo do I pressed by imposing upon him uudUO bunions, I while at thc same time every ems", ol real ami personal property shalt ta; required to aol in thc support of Ibo Stale, and tn sustaining tho institutions that its condition demands. In this you will he guided by Section .1(3, Ar ri?lo 1 of our State Constitution, which de t-laros that "all property subject to taxation shall bo taxed in proportion to its value. - Hach individual of society has a right to bo .protected in thc enjoyment of life, liberty and property, according to standing laws. Ho should, therefore, contribute his share to thc expense of bia protection." It. is proper for inc herc to call your atten tion to the fact that under a recent decision of the. Supreme Court of tho United States, national banks, within thc limits of thc Stale, arc subject to Stiito^axaMon ; wi Mo tho prop erty of railroad companies, municipalities and all other corporations will be embraced in your general tax bill. I invite your attention to Article 0 of tm Constitution, which provides that ??Tho Cen oral Assembly shall provide by law for a uni form and equal rate of assortment and taxa tion," and defines thc powers of tho eorpo rate author! tics Of counties, cities, towns, &0, and authorizes thom to assess and collect tax JMJ f0r corporate purposes. ???os^od va uc of one hundred and twenty-nine million aoven hundred aiHhaav?;itv^f\ u*^f?)^,,>t'0 ?\ >v?ao and .J -K-V?tfrial interest of tho people 11 uuring the past sovon years, yet it serves to mdicato that with every allowanoo for tho known reduction in market value of our real estate that oven upon a minimum assessment Df values, it will fenn an important basis of taxation aud of thc financial resourcoa of the i> tate. OOUNTV TRBASUltKRS AND AIMHTORS. In this connection T would recommend that >ho Gonoral Assontbly will provide by law for AO creation of the olHocs of County Treasurer ?roi County Auditor, to bo appointed in such naunor as your bonorablo body shall direct these officers should bc placed under ample JOnda for tho safe-keeping and faithful return )f all moneys of tho State and County that nay at any time como into their possession Lho County Auditory will bothoolorka of tlc oyoral Hoards of Connty Commiasioncrs, and nil ruako up and audit the aooounts between ho oouuty and tho tax-payers and tho Stato, nd examine and couutorsign tho necessary Irafts upon tho County Treasurers. DIVISION OP TUB COUNTIES. I respectfully recommend that you will pro ido at your present session for the division of ho larger counties of tho State. Aouordin" J tho United States census of 18(19, South carolina baa an area of twenty-four thousand VO hundred (24,500) square miles, with a 'Opulation of seven hundred and three thous, nd sovon hundred mid eight (703,708,) or oar fiftoon (15) persons to tho squaro milo, ts tho Stato is divided into thirty-ono (31) ountics, theso figures show that tho average ron of our counties is about oightooo hundred 1300} square miles, In the present oondi on of our publio roads, with many of thc Lreams unbridged., and with tho few facilities >t travelling possessed by the most of our eople, tho great distance of tho county seat nd records, from those living upon tim bor or of ono of those largo oounties, entails the mst serious inconvenience upon them. In v'ww of tho ncco?if??fcy of a new geo raphical subdivision of thc Stato, article 2, .otion 3, of tho Constitution, provides "that io General Assembly shall havo tho power at ny timo to organize new oounties by chang ,? tho boundarioa of any of tho old ones; nt no 8<W county shall bo hereafter formed ' less ox?pntthan six hundred and twenty mo square miles : nor shall any existing colin os bo reduced to a kn extent than six bun red and twenty-five squaro miles. Kach KM^j-phsU constitute one election district." suggest tlwPrflj*. iandrcd and twenty-five 126) squaro miles, or twenty (20) townships, ? mado tho maximum nr?*a of nny now ooun that may bc hereafter formed. I'UW.IC UOAPS AND jiurpoKs. In view of the very bad condition of our nblio road and bridges, I rcccommcnd that encrai Assombly will pvovido by law for tho lb division of each county into road districts, nd for tho appointmont ot oompctont persons i supervisors of such districts, undor tho di ction of county commissioners. Theso su ervisors of roads Hhould rcooivo a ronsonablo cy diem wbon aotually om ployed, and tho Dunty oouimisaionovs should bo ompowcrod I * ) roquiro that each ablo-bodicd oitizons, be loon tho ages of twenty one (lil) and fifty-fivo vi In!? shall givo his labor a reasonable number cn f days ju thc year, io bc i?cd by* law, for tb In m St I fr nc tn wi loi 00 al tri in of su ut dc th in dc P* st irking tho publio roads, ov shall pay iu lieu i icreof ft certain sum. ' It idiould ai BO bo provided, that tho Cottft? - CoinmiK.iioi.er8 may be hold responsible in 1 Munges for any injury to persons or property | int may noonie to any citizens becauso of their < illaro to koop tho roads and bridges lu good j nd safa repair. juniuiAnY. Article 4, of our Constitution, provides for he reorganization of tho Judicial Dcpartmo?? f thc ?State, and defines thc jurisdiction ct he several courts, to bo organised tn pursu inCe of tho same. This important subject, | io vital to tho protection of tho person and >ropertV of tho citizen, demands, and wi.U, loubtleVs, receive your early and most ser ous Mention.' I recommend that, the of Justices of tho Peace bc extended, so that they may rondo* judgment tn petty ca ses, involving the liberty of tb.0 accused, sub tact of course to an appeal Thc State will thereby bc saved thc cont of supporting mun) prisoners in tho jails, charged With small ot ?enees, but unable to give bonds tor their ap pearance at thc general terni of the court, while the.committing Justice bas lin authori ty to pass sentence upon them. I would also recommend that Justices of thc, Peace should be vested, with thc power, to discharge from i arrest in any ease where there ?B not probable I cause or reasonable -rounds for believing thc accused guilty. This would not debar thc fi rand Jury from investigating the case ot r noreen so discharged, and (indinga bill of in dictmont against him., should thc facts war rant it ; while it would prevent, much hard ship to innocent person?, and expense to tin State, by thc laws delay. i *i In this conned ion, ? would urge that th fees of justices of the peace, elerie of court* sheriffs, constables, and other oin ..rs who ma be entitled lo receive foes, should bo strict!; regulated by statute. REVISION OP com; AND CUANOE OV.VhVM INOS. 1 invite your earnest attention to Bootie - 3, Article "?, of thc Constitution, providin that " thc General Assembly at its first sc sion after tho adoption of this Ooustitlttio shall inakM provision to revise., digest, and n range undcv proper hoads the body of our law civil and criminal, and form a penal co* ?- founded upon principle of reformation." Tl s section also provMos tb..< thc Gcucral Assci " I hf* ?.G^t.hat.niu-.^o shall app.oiut.$|oiy<jtr ;ice, pleadings and (ouh ol (ho courts now in iso in this State. well digested code of hallie Laws, with a tull and clear index, will )0 of groat value lo all classes of our people, )rofc3Biorial or other wiso. Such a code South Carolina has never possessed. Tbc Jomittoo appointed for this purpose should bo omposed of men of the highest legal ability nd should bc empowered to omit from t?i? odo such statutes as aro no longer in neeord ri th our Constitution, or that confide* wU.l? he changes jo our political nni? civil nyslnins. : ispooially shoVhl (he plea of " Benefit of Clor- ; y," which has so hug-disgraced the judicial : ystem of /he State, bo no longer recognized j y our coutts. 1 rust that tho (Jouerai As- i liinbly will make MI appropriation sufficient- < / liberal, to give a fair compensation Lo thc 1 ?ombcrs of that Commission for their noces- i iry arduous labors. I STATUTES OP FKAUD8. 1 Seotion 20, Artiolo 1, of tho Constitution, * aving provided that " no porson shall bo im risonod for debt, exoept in oasos of frnul V recommend that the General Assembly < lall, nt nu early (by, enaot a Statute of Frauds, I id also a new Scinto of Limitations denn- 1 ig tho rights, romedios, and liabilities of orod- c om and debtors. ELECTIONS, 1 I invite your attention to Section 51, Artille ' , pf tho Constitution, which provides that 1 it shall bo tho duly of tho General Assom- ( y to provide from timo to timo for tho reg- 1 trntion of all electors." It is important to tho snfoty of tho Stato | mt tho rights of its electors and tho purity of io ballot box should bo rigidly guarded. I f loroforo recommend that you will pass strin- 1 ml laws prescribing tho duties of registrars 1 id judges of elections, with appropriate ' malties ; and providing also for tho punish ont of bribery and corruption nt public cloe- I ms. 1 REMOVAL OP T'OLITIOAL DISA1HLLITIES. ! I would earnestly recommend that your ? morablo bo<ly will, nt nu carly period, mo- | orialize Congress.to relieve ovory ultlzeu of g mth Carolina from all political disabilities, a ninko this recommendation tho moro readily v am the fact, that there aro-,believed to be u mo of that olass in the State who havo com- { i tied infamous oficnocs against thc laws of j ,r, b Tho statute of disfranchisement was doubt- 0 )S wdso and proper at the earlier .?tage of ro- (] nstruction, and justly marked the. nation's 3 borroneo of those who, having been the c usted leaders of tho pooplo, had lod them '| Lo rebellion Against tho benign government v their country. Yet tho continuanco of g oh disfranchisement would be an anomaly t,( idor our Republican system, based upon tho 1 ictrino of universal suffrage, Let us hopo 0 at suoh nn act of magnanimity will not bo ft' istaken by tho olass disfranchised, while to o my it will tond Lo tnnko thom obioote of sym- v ithy, and will be, aa it woro, to keep a knife 0 iokiug in nu open wo?nd. t EDUCATION. i% d Civil liberty ami tho oduoation of tho mnas- 8 arc inscpnrablo. v Tho safoty of a freo Stato rests upon thc U rtuo and intelligence of thc peuple, and it .nnot .presorvc tho.ono without cultivating r i? other. All rcpullios of^Vhioh history ? .A -^vist.iii3|~''?P"'on of tho people j who, having nakOforuuyrtjimiudful of their rights and duties oil.fr.. Uh ignorance, beonuso tho prey of doma mooie J through, ohoioo. In a country auch aa ,hroui'.; }'(Po?-> tho humblest citizen, if worthy! jugue ' tl quailed, may aspire to tho station of ' jura, k .Jf.WtfJyy (i vfboro tho ltnrd-handcd child I ?iud w? _ f _.Mi^??ay booomo thc chtof tti?g tho Wyor /?no topublio, tho diffusion of intclli of P?.l> '/non^tho masses is not only a meas ?"^^"ot-JubUo justice, but vitally concerns the "^HllaJ/oycrnment of tho United Staten has i T? *Mpdful of thc importanco of popular 1 tt^TtW(W|h^ lt lins already given 70,000, bconjRooji^ of b|?c lan(1^ woHh at ,cnst fiRAP*ns (500,000,000) of dollars, for . Pj- jWishmont of school* and colleges in ninety -| Qml torritorio!i ()f (hc i;,r;op ! I cf*fi /noroforo earnestly recommend that th0 ri '-Vision of our constitution upon this J0U?XO li ,parried out in its fr.lVst extent, hVwl thorough a system ol'free schools i V ,?? jestablished as ia consistent with thc 1 ,.V jtexablo resources of the State. ( Bhn " tn it propor to add, Hint satisfactory t ?rCTR?u Vp* nr0 S*m-n ihnl Congress will, with- i I Siv period, make a liberal traut of nub- c assura^ this State, for thc creation of a i I t" 1 n'r'' common school fund, thus in a j 1,0 xfMnuro relieving our people from thc a ])CTn\ ?Vi. taxation for that special object- I n ? ,;'10'V-U/Iy su8Kcst' t',at You will memorialize ' 3fr0-3 of 1110 Un?lct? St;,lcs upon this i T,pn?/&nd so,icit tl,c fi"Tt referred to at thc , . th*ULssiblc day. . 8ubA$ 5 10, section 3, of tho Constitution, ( - \% ??iat " thoro shnl1'io kept open, at " I mouths in each year, one or more \? f^yi ? ?nch sohool district." 1 0 1 i -Wootfnlly recommend that the Ooneral 0 .f B0h00Jjf will pr?vido by law for tho ostab- n! Y I J] ^ ut 'east two (2) schools ill each H v Hn?P0' whon necessary, and that one 0 1 "-.'"Wools shall bo set apart and designa- ? a"hoOohool for colored ohildren, and' the * >" of .8ftlj! white ohildren, thc school fund to be 0 ted Cquni|y j0 cncj1 0]afWj [n proportion 1' m o!her; iU?jj0r 0f children in each between )y ,g diptril^f Kix nnd eisteo"years. I doom ,! s- to tliCK^^^j^ of tll0 two ro?cs in tho public ? ii, the a?mat)tcr Qf th o greatest importance to r- this sft-^f oul. peoplo.. J ?s, scboo?j10 lll0vnrt?a(, "nd {ho philanthropist a ile all cjt roeognizod?tho faot that ?God hath P d? I AVV?o blood all Rations of men," yet. tho ? u- cll0?;$kh)i legislating for a political society " H-?AP\m0&*Xm? ?^s'cliiot, and, m som); meas- n, uro, rmtaL'onistic rucSSj in tho. great body of 1 its electors, must, as fark as thc law of equal j1 rights will pormit, take oognuanco of existing |{ prejudicio among both. In school districts, ?. where the white children may,bc oppressed, t! cr partially excluded from tho schools, while n thc same result may accrue to tho whites in those districts where colored ohildrwi aro in R tho mnjo&'^ *i"\y shall bo soparatod by !' law ns bw01n |,?<'?tnmo,hded< Moreover, it is 1; ri.? ,i...iJred design of tho Constitution that n nil classes of our people shall be educated, but * not to provide for tho separation of tho two 0 racen, will bc to repel tho masses of tho whites ?! from tho educational training that they so much need, and virtually t-> gtYO 10 our color- s :d population tho exclusivo bouefit of our pub lic schools. Let us, therefore, recognize fnots Mi they aro, and rely upon lime and tho deva- (( ting influence of popular education, to dispel my unjust projudioos that may exist among a tho two ricca of our follow-oitizons. t AQRIO?LTURB. i Tlio eotioontration of labor nnd capital upon a mo product, and that too oxtroinoly linblo to d bc varying hazards of thc seasons ?nd the d ,vorm, hasjretarded thc agricultural prosperity ts if South Carolina, and of thc entire South, s Tho true 4'tfoty of tho farmer Hos in tho oul ti- i ration of Several products, so that although I ho season ,ntiv bo unpropitious for o:io, Ito I nay proscWo tho other. Ho should not hui* o ato tho i ?wiso mcrohant, who embarka his a di, thougl uninsured, in a ainglo ship. a Tho in polioy of concentrating so largo a )ortion of abor upon oottou, instead of divid- ? ng it arno g mixed orops of oom, wheat, pota- t ocs, &c, aid tho produota of tho dairy, is best c llustratcd by tho following facts drawn from c Ito census yt 18G0, and tho report of tho Uni- t od Statosd)oinmiseioncr of Agriculture for H [?GG. Tic cotton crop of Georgia, tito Km- ? lire State { tho South, in 1S00 waa 701,840 t mle?, yiohing littlo moro than thirty millions < ?".30,000,090) of dollars j while tho butter of | 'ow York 'in 1805, ono of tho several pro- 1 luots of tl? dairy, was estimated at sixty mil (000,000,000) of dollars. Yet tho con- j us gives to WOW York bat 480,014 farmers nd farm laborers, and to Georgia, including idiito fanners and farm laborers, and only the nales of tho slaves, 81(5,878 porSous ongagod n agricultnro. Should the femtile slaves bo ncludcd, Ooovgia would have actually had a xrgor number of farm laborers than tho State f New York. Besides tho other dairy pro lucia, mill' and choose, and tho multitudo of maller pitiducts of thc farm, tho principal rops make in valuo an astounding aggnjgate. Mini, in 1864, thc corn crop of Now York ma estimated nt ?38,O0Q?OQO, tho wdieat at :25,000,oeo, thc oats at |80,000,000, pota OOH at $10,000,000, nnd hay at 600,000,000. noluding tho minor oorenla, tho products of rchards and gardens, tho production of hoof nd mutton from pasturngo, nnd a groat vari ty of miscellaneous produots, tho ourrency aluo of thc agricultura^ productions of this no Strato, in that yoar^Was far grontor than ho monoy returns of any ootton oropevor pro luced in this country ; nnd tho gold valuo of j uah products would bo groater thnn tl o gold niuo of hnlf tho ootton orop of 1800, tho lar iat "over mado in tho Unitod States. Tho grand results aro not duo to nny supo iority of soil Or climate above our own, but a iropcrly directed and divctsi?od systoiu?of He wirrit t, i-S .l" ?upenor agricultural impicracnl ?nd farm economy. Tho aggregate product c varied agricultural labor* ninat always exocc iu value tho yield of any ono staple^ howovc yuijt and well organized may bo tho ayatom c labor applied to it, for marked aucoess in th production of that ono, will lowson it? prioo b m?mtdu? lturo<UJO ^-^5uPJPty ovor tho dc Tho introduotlon of improved implements o hnsbandry is a inattor of vital importance U tho farming interest of tho Stato- With thc aid of proper maohiuory nnd tho proper uso ol fertilizers, our fanners will bo onablcd to cul tivate a largo aroa of land and to oultivato it more thoroughly than under the former sys tem whoo they cultivated a very limited amount. These considerations become all the moro important in view of the fact that, in Sooth Carolina there are four millions (4,000,000) of acre.-? of land improved, while thero are nearly twelve millions (15,000,000) of acres unimproved. Thc recent discovery of vast bods of pho.^pliates of limo ou tho banks of die Ashley, near Charleston, wilt enable us o enrich our worn out lands with that most ,'aluable fertilizer at a comparatively small !0.st. Largo shipments of this fertilizer aro low being mado from Charleston to Northern loris, and whioh might bo manufactured hero md sold cheaply to enrich the poor lands of >ur own S ta to. AG lt 1 (J ULT ? RA r. OOLLEO E. I invite your attention to Section 0, Article 0, of thc Constitution, which directs thc louerai Assembly to provide for thc establish mut of an Agricultural College, upon thc ba is sot forth in an act of Congress of July 2, 802, providing for thc endowment of ?gri tiltural Colleges in tho several States. Tho it provides that each State and Territory mil receive thirty thousand (30,000) acres f publie land scrip for each Senator and Hop iscutulivo that it may have in Congress. ?ndor its provisions South Carolina will be (titled to eleven hundred and twenty-five ieoefi (1126) of 1G0 acres of public land, orth*iu the market at present abor... ono dol r per acre, or ono hundred and eighty thou md (180,000) dollars. This jicrip may bo located in any State or erritory having public lanihj subject t?palo, one dollar and twonty-iivo cents ($1 25) >r noro. Thc act nljo provis.;; that tho mon ' arising from tho sale of "Buoh-aorlp "sholl' ? invested by tho Stato ?rt publio stocks, at J j ?t Ices than fivo>i.(?) percent, interest, and I , olntcrest shall bc appropriatedN for the 0s*? blishmout of nt least one college, whoro tho ?ding object shall bo without excluding soi tifio and classical stu lies, or military tac ts, to tench suoh branchos as are related to rioulturc and the mechanic arts." I would also invito your attention to thc nornl not of Congress ol' 1861, donating five indrcd thousand (500,000) acres of public id to each Stato in aid of internal iniprove ;nts. Other States have, under the au jrity of Congress, applied that donation to ueationnl objects, and I suggest that you miorializo Congress to extend tho samo priv KO to this Stato. \TK BOARD OP AO RI CULTURE A NI? EMI GRATION. A celebrated statesman has observed that Vgriculturo focds us ; in a great measure it thc? us j without it wo oould not havo man cturcs, and wo should not have ootniaerooj ty will stand together, but thc/ will stand ether liko pillars, tho largest in tho oontor, 1 that is agriculture" Agriculture is, in id, tho life of a nation-ita very existence, lending upon the annual production of ita i. Ja view of tho vital iinportanoo of this ijoct, r.nd-of tho vast amount of arable laud the Slate now lylrig wild and fallow, or at t pooily cultivated, I respectfully suggest presago of an ant oreating a Stato Board Agriculture and Emigration, to consist of cist three capable persons, one of whom uld bo a practical ohoniiet. L'his Hoard should bo ohargod with the y of Investigating and making known to entire oountry tho agricultural resourocs ho State, and should bo required to make munal roport to the Legislature, ombody ^results of their labors, and rooommond h iniprovciiiOtits as they ?nay deem noocs ! in the system of oultivation now pr?-?jicoa mg our people, aud such improved ngri tural maohinory ns to thom may socm most per, togethor frith thc value and mode of ig fertilizers. They should also set forth attractions that our soil and climate and toral resources offer to tho thrifty agvioul ista, mechanics and minora of our Northern te^ and to those of Euro po. They should ) present tables chowing tho cost of living, rates of wages, thc number and class of shames needoo Itt tito sovernl countios, and prioo of land, and tho terms upon whioh an be routed. Thoir roport should bo fur led to tho trade? uuious of this Country Europe .'his information, if properly distributed, 1 fool assured, star? a tide of emigration t will flow into and greatly enrioh thc to. Tho dorman and French grapjj.grow will And our upper tier of countios a soil i climato ns r?onial to tho gripo ns thoir i vinc-clnd lillis, being precisely on tho 10 parallel of latitude ns tho groat wine king districts of Spain and Portugal. Tho cdo and tho Dane will find ampio Bcopc I vorgo for thoir talonts for mining in our 11 anti load rogion$j ? bile ?von tho Holland may oxcrclso his cunning in draining tho rsh lond? of our low oountry, which ho y got almost for tho asking. Our rivers, wilding Vith noble falls, aro running to ste, when they 'should resonad with tho m of thousands ef busy ppindlee. Th eso ito tho manufacturer of the North, who 1 find labor among us shund^ot'and cheap, S la cy tl 0( rc tl ?ii bj fi\ Ti th lu Tl an th is dc th ll in oe li of bc of sn rc fe W til lb ti w ftrid may look from kia own iipor 'non fioldfl w?iil? with tho colton that adfbliot? ms mill. KAI LUCA OS." ff Aocovding to tho eighth consos of tho Uni* rod States, thora wore niuo hundred ?nd eighly-Bovou (087) miles of railroad in South Carolina nt tho elo*o of tho year 1860, built It may bo interesting to observe that tho Charleston and Hamborg Road waa th? first passenger railway oonstrooted in tho United States, lt was commenced in the spring of 1820, ond'?is (6) miles wero completed in* that year, lt is a noteworthy fact that beforo tho uso of locomotives Was established in Croat Britain, or they ?vero known in tho United States, thc directora of this road de termined, under tho advice of their engineer, Mr. Horatio Allen, to make them exclusively thc motive power. Tho *bamo gentleman, in tho winter of lo?.'O, made tho drawings of tho lirst American steam locomotive, callod tho " Host Friend," which waa planned by Mr. E. Ii. Miller, of Charleston. Upon tho Charleston and Hamburg Hoad was intro duced iu 1881, for thc first time on any rail road iu the world, tho important arrangement of two four (4) wheeled trucks*for locomo tives and long passongor cara. Thc facts hero .stated arc designed to show that the State lins never been wauling in rtion of mechanical genius, with tho capacity to achieve thc greatest enterprises, if proporly encouraged. South Carolina, although tho first to initiale a railway system, has prosecu ted il to a very limited oxtout, compared with thc demands of her commcroo nud tho re sources of her soil. Thc facility with which railroads can bo built in this Stuto is evi denced by thc foot that thc railroads of South Carolina have cost in their construction less per mile than any of equal length itt thc Uni ted States. 1 would recommend the foster ing of these great and beneficent publio enter prises by the State, so far as may bo consis tent with the proper maintenance of other important public interests. J*1 the samo timo that railroad corporations should bo generous ly, but judiciously; fostered, yet suitublo laws should be onaotod to regulate thoir tariff of charges for freights and paiw"?&"ijj_|or..0*-1" wiso they may oppress n]t cla??o* by^.^ir OX? pessive rat??, au? ohcok tho trado and enter prise ofjho people, ? Railroads atc tho main arteri?s of cora meroe. Thoy stimulate production by bring ing tho market withing any reach of Abo pro l?cer. Thoy givo nu imjpctus to every branch it tr.ide, wbilo tljsy pr?ta?io unity ^ud^uodd^'*4 ?frill among great populations, by enabling bom to circul?te freely among oaoh other. I vould especially recommend that thc S ta to ihould furnish all thc ard that it can expedi ently for the speedy completion of tho Blue lidgc Railroad. Tho importance of that oad to thc people of tho State at large oau iot well bc over-estimated. Starting at An lerson Court House as a prolongation of tho vestcrly branch of tho Greenville and Colum na Railroad, it will traverso portions of tho iOUntics of Anderson aird Piekons, and of he Stares of Georgia, North Carolina and .'ennessco, having its western terminus at Cnoxyillo, whence it will havo connections ritli Chattanooga, tho great fooal point of outhwestern railroads. It will also eonnoet t Knoxville with roads running direct to louisville, Kentucky, and Cincinnati, Ohio, ho entire length of tho road will be one hun* rod and ninety-six miles, of vrhioh fifty-two ules lio within tho limits of South Carolin?, > brr ty-four (84) miles of tb? dis ta nco have gen finished, and aro now in running order om Andorson to Walhalla. "Tho llluo Ridge. Railroad Compauy in outh Carolina" was chartered hythe Lcgis turo of this Stato in 1852; but untoward rents, among thom tho alleged bad faith of re first contractors, have prevented the pros ration of thc work upon it. Tho total amount thus far oxpcmlcd on tho ?nd ia three million? two hundred and'fifty lousand (88,250,000) dollars. The addi-' on ni amount required to completo it ia stated: j tho President of tho road at three millions ro hundred thousand (8B,fiOO,OQgXi1^>Y?r his incroasodestimabsj^^-d?s duo to tho nt?Ort?fli?cfVtunno\l?n? that will ho re ared iu getting through thc Dino Xt?dgo.-1 io Stato nowlMvns stock in this road t<> tho loutit of ono million th reo huudtcd and ten ousand (1,1110,000) dellaro. Tho present boudod debt of tnt company stated at two hundred and thirty thousand >llars ($280,000), secured by a mortgage ?l? o road and its running stock. Mr. J. W. orrison, President of tho Company, statos, a rocont report that he has mado of ?J ; ?nditton and prospects of tho Bluo Ridgo ftilroad Company, that " nil that is expected ' the Stato is that she shall guarantco tho mdn of thc company for, t*?y tinco millions dollars, to bo issued in such sums and at toh times ns tho progress of tho Work may quire. And that tho . Stato shall provide r tile payment of tho interest on tho bonds <. hilo tho road is being built For example,w io company could perhaps' expond ono mil? sn of dol?"? J* your, for three years, in whioV ' ruo the road oau bo coivmlctcd. Tho State ould pr?vido for interest ou ,000,000 : First year, i* . &*70,000 , Sooond yoar, - - 140,000 Third year, . . 210*000 ???0,000 othnt byan expenditure, ?f four Jtundrod nd twenty thousand dollars, to bo raised by talion In-throe yonrs, this groat \mtorptiSO fould bo seemed. Tho Stato would n<vvo mplo Hccurlty tor her guaranty- A W% nortgage on tho road thu* eligibly l?cntcd, o;,ting ^7,500,000, with a debt of only thrc? lillion*. . . * . ? _ f*r.B rornru vM*t. 1