Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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BY ?TO THINE OWN SELF BK TUUE, AND IT MUST FOLLOW, AS THE IIOB'T. A. THOMPSON & CO. iummMmnmt?i?fm*?m)?mm i m j '-_ ^ M I I - - rn Milli II I I I I i i n II irn?ri?. m.mi mniii PICKENS COURT HOUSE, S. C. SATURDAY, JULY 27, 1801. NIGHT THE DAY, THOU NO. 5& POETBT. . Hopo. Never il'?pair! ' The darkest cloud That over loomed will pass away ; Thc longest hight will yield lo ?lawn Tho dawn will kindle into day ; What ir around thy lonely hark Hreak Herc a aol.high tho wave? of sorrow, St rcmli es cry oar?-there's land ahead, Aul thou wilt g.iiu tho pori to .morrow, When fortune frown?, ami summer friends, Like hmls thal fear a storm depart ; ?Some, il" Hiv hreasl have tropic warmth, Will stay and neille around thy heart - If I (iou arl pom-, no joy is won, No good is gained hy Hil I repining: flema hurled in tho darkened earth May yoi be gathered for the mining. There is no lot however sud, There is liOTOof however low. Hui has some ,"loy to make it gl.id, Some blteiil bliss lo soothe ils woe - . The light ol' hope will Unger near, When willes! heals tho heart s onto! ion; A talisman when breakers rear, A star upon i li? troubled Oeeait The farmer knows liol if his fields With Hood or drought, or blight must cope, lie questions not tho lick lo skies, Hut ploughs and sows, and loils in Mope, Then up I and nli'Ivo. mut dare, and do, Nor doubl a harvest thoo will yal her; 'Tis limo lo labor lind to wail. And iru>?t in fled for genial weather. ORIG-INAL. PO? THU KKOWKK COL'lllLlt. Mr, Editor: Permit mo, through ymir columns, to offer a few brief remarks upon thc comments of thc Editor of the "Columbia Pheonix " on tho letter of Ex-Gov; PURRY to that paper. As I nm a plain farmer, have never hold office, and nm liol now seeking one, and inive never written an article for thc col limns of a newspaper, it will not he expected that I will make liny groat flourish in writing. 1 I shall not be able lo use sind? words ino- as heterodox opinions as the Editor ; hut 013'ar ticle will be dressed in plain homespun lan guage : The Editor say?: " We will poss over thc Governor'a reiteration of his own eoi.Mstoney ? in political life-all admit it ; wo will also j forboar comments on thc implied egotism in | the assumption that he foresaw and predict* il j nil thc dire evils which followed secession ; for j that thc results of the hito conflict happened I to give him a right to tin? chitin of a trim! prophet of evil, cannot bc denied." Solar! s t good. Hui then, tin- Editor says : " Eut j .suppose the results hail been otherwise-sup pose tho South had buch able to successfully maintain the cause she so manfully espoused mid escaped all those evils; what th.on '{'. - '.It wns a supposable case, ?nd had the sup position been vorilicd. we imagine wo would have heard nothing nf tin; Governor's unto ward prophecy." Hut ns it is n ''supposa ble caso," let. ns suppose again. Let us sup pose tho Editor's supposition hat? been veri-j lied j suppose tho ?South had been able to' overthrow tho governtiieiil csliddMhcd by mu ! i'oidalliers, " what theil '(" A.s it is a ".sup- j posadlo case," my ''supposition " was always | that we would have been placed under the ? ihost obnoxious little despotism that the world has ever produced. And, as it so happened that Governor PKUHY "is entitled to the claims of a true prophet." in part, h t us see whnt his views were upon this point. I said to hint in the Spring of 1SJ>4, ''Suppose the United States would give up? the war ami tell thc South to go her own course; what sort of government wouldtoe hflvo If" .. Why," said ho,' " wo would have a military despotism." Now, supposo all this had happened, does thc Editor think he would ever have, heard any thing about Gov. PKRRY'B ''untoward proph ecy 1"' In reply to J>ho Governor's enumera tions of thc evils that wc will bring upon us by voluntarily voting to accept the reconstruc tion mensures of tho Radicals; when he ap-j pouls to thc people and nsks if " thc honor and pride of Carolina is sunk so low in tho depths of degradation ns to voluntarily accept such degrading terms ;" .the Editor says he seemed to reel under its weight and to con clude he might bo wrong; but when ho looks round and sees thc mighty host of Generals and statesmen at his back, his nerves gain strength and he again stands erect and con cludes he is right ;'or at least, if they arc bringing disgrace and ruin on their country he is tu gooil company. Wo would say to the Editor, with duo deference in regard to the opinions of Iiis backers, we too might "stag ger " undor this mighty weight of intelligence, did wc not look around lind see that .' 1 bc was a secessionist he. now stands in ihesame ranks tfiat ho did whoo they plunged tho country into utfcc*' ruin, liefere, ho says, "they all acknowledge they made a mistake, and a grand mistake"' May we not, therefore conclude, as they havo ruined us once wc had better not trust them again?? Wo should remember too, that this is thc samo' party that forsook our friends qt tlf? North in ?800, and nided bbc Jilack Republicans in bringing about tho most dreadful ?Iv??.wnr that hns'evcr been recorded OR the'pag^8 of history. Thoy aro now aid lng tho samo party in riveting on tho country tho galling ohalns of Illa ck Republicanism for all time to como. Tho Editor seems to speak lightly ol' Governor PERRY'S hopi of a "ro turtling sense nf justice " muong tho people of tho United States; to thal time when norn? mon sense shall have been enthroned and shall wield the scepter despite the misrepresenta tions of Rhtok Republicans ami Secessionists. I said to a friend in the army, by letter, ?lu ring the war, "That n departure from princi ple had mined us, and if we wore ever again to enjoy civil liberty, it would be. by a return to principio it would bo through the. tri umphs of the principles of Democracy." And I think so yet. Thc Fditnr says, " Cl overlier PliKHY did and suit! a great many things that he ought to have let alone." Perhaps the Fditnr thinks one of the things was when he ( the Governor) said he sat. in his ellice door md saw the College students marching in all pomp of aristocracy to some stand where se cession speeches were to be made, and then saw them throwing their hats as denuncia tions were hurled against that government, thc administration of which, no person found fault, and could not help thinking of tho Lord's prayer-" Father forgive them, they know not what, they do." Me further says that Governor Punuv, though a prominent man in the councils of the State, has mostly or always had a majority of the people of the State opposed to bini." Rut should this low er his claims in th?; confidence of the people? Wc should remember .J Thal numbers arc no mark, '('hal mon will righi bc fotllid, ititi few were saved in Noah's ark, While ninny millions drowned." Rut, let nie say in conclusion, in regard lo Governor Ronny's opinions in regard tn po litical matters, that I have been watching him for the last thirty-six or seven years, ami 1 have never found him wrong according lo my judgment, unless it. was when be accepted an nth co under the Confederate Government. I don't say this was wrong; but if (?ow I'lilt UV ever wont wrong that Wiis tho time. <;. w. MCMAHAN. POU TIIK KKOWKB COU IM KR. Mr. ?Sitflor : The " Rule or Ruin " party? or in ol her wonks, the opponents of Recon struction, are trying to persuade the people thai it is of no use to adopt and carry nut the Sherman bill; because, they say, if that is done, it will not satisfy tho North?m Radi eds, who are determined on confiscation any how, whether the Sherman bill is accepted in not. Now, to ni)' mind, the puso stands thus : The Sherman bill is the work of thc modorato Republicans, who roust it ute a large majority of that party. It is offered hy them to tl c people ol' the South as a finality, if the people of the South will accept it and carry it. out in good faith. And in I lint case, it will be n linility; because it will be made so by ti e moderate majority iii despite of the. extreme radical lew. Rut there are a few extreme Radicals who demand more than the Sherman hill. They voted for the Sherman bill. Ix cause it, was the ''best they could got." Tiny arc willing to take as far ns it goes, but they want more. If the Sou'hern people, refuse the Sherman bill, or fail to carry it out in good faith, the moderato Republicans will be defeated in their scheme of Reconstruction, and, na.n matter of course, eui do nothing more (hm fall back upon thc programme of tho extreme Radicals. The people now have a chance to defeat the extreme Radicals by a prompt acceptance of the terms offered by the Sherman Lill. Those who advise against this bill, are really bidding for the measures of the extreme Radicals, Will the people open their eyes, rind soe who are their (nie friends ? TiiAiinr.t's STUVKNS, WKNDKL?I PHILLIPS, ami other extreme Radicals in tho Xorlh, are doing and Saying all they Can to prevent, the ^n?t'?orn pennie from aeeer linc the Sherman bill asa finality, in order to gi VC them a chance to enforce some of their measures ; and strange to say, we have, men in the South who arc doing all they eau to help them. S'lT.vr.NS and I'll 11,1,1 cs make speeches North, and set forth their programme, and their Southern blinded aiders and abettors publish them throughout the. South. Whatever may bi the object and intentions of those. Southern men who ?ire thus opposing the Sherman bill they -ire really thc worst enemies we have worst, because they have power to do mon harm. As a rebuttal to their fidiu'ee, we noei only say that Mr. WILSON, I!. S. Senatoi front MftssnobuscMs, who has been denounce) throughout thc South, ns ono of tho mos radical ol' all ibo Radicals, ill conclusion o his speech at Atlanta, (Ja., ?May 10, 1807 used these words : " For myself, I will sny and I believe Congress meant it, that if tin terms and OO?d'linna of the Sherman Act. an accepted in good faith, nnd you elect men ti Congress who can take thc oath, your Repre sentatives will be promptly admitted." Tili?, coin in Ct from the source it doe?, is sui fioiont to close the mouth of every one wh' opposes tho Sherman bill on tho ground tba it will not bc a finality. O NF OP THF PROP ii F. - . -? FOR TIIK K KO WUK COt'lUKfl. HF,AU, JOHN : Wc have read your "Scrap for Children "-Nos. 1, 2 and 3-for whic wo aro grateful to God for such instrumenta itios as our dear Undo John ; nlso, for sue means as pon, paper and ink, to communicni his thoughts to ns noross tho Stato in wjiic wo live It makes our hoarts glow with aflfc lion when wo read tho words of our fornv .-who has given us many kind instru tiona around our firesidos, and who felt i much interest in ?Wi eternal welfare. "VI aro {?lad you haVo^uoh a fino Sunday Schee lp 'OT. I Wo wish our Schools wore ?is Nourishing. If it would not ho inimical lo tho lift h Com mandment wo would say our parents do not manifest that interest in our Sabbath Schools that they aro nuder obligations to show. We are often sent to Sunday School by ourselves, I when Pa's and Ma's presence would perhaps I give fresh vigor to our efforts to learn tho j way to Heaven, where Jesus has prepared us j a home-"a home eternal in the heavens;" j and now is inviting us by many instrumental ities to come tinto Him, believe upon Him, ! by loving Him with nil our hearts, Minis, minds and strength, doing His will on earth as Angels do it in Heaven. We want tho good spirit to tench ns to re member tin* 1th Commandment, ami heep the Sabbath holy-nod that our memories may lie improved so that we may not live forgetful to heep all the Commandments of our Heavenly father. We kmiw we arc weak and sinful, and need a continuance of your " Scraps " in addition to all the oilier helps and means used for our benelit. Remember ns in your pray er.-. When \<m visit our District come, to our homes so \yeean renew our love face to face. ASHKltKY, PKT KR, Hitit HY, 11 Allllt KT, JAM r.s. FAN NU:, ami tithers. June, 8, lSti7. - . _ KO ll THK COUIt I KR. Will some Teacher or other gentleman ???d\e the following problem : A, 1? and C boughtn f'lind^lone fl feet, in diameter, I inches on the face, and tapered' regularly to too ceiiler, 'till it was only " inch es thick. They agreed that each should take ?il lino. A grind off his portion ol' the grit first, 1'/ next, Aro. It is required to give tho diameter of each one's portion. (?ive answer through tho " Courier." from the baurensvlllo Herold? J To the Agricultural Society st Pendleton. (?KNTI.K.MKN : In obed ii nee to your direc tion I have prepared the following article on the Crasses for tho South, not from my own knowledge or experience, but dilled from a Report ? lind tn the Post O?l?eo Report of 1800, written by the Rev. 0. AV. Howard, Associate I'.ditorof the Southern C'niiirnf>ji\ Kingston, Georgia. Tho exp?rimental farm on which he. operated ts located in Cass Coun ty, Georgia, between latitude r>'f" and ".~>0. As his experiments were thorough and various, (many ol which proved worthless,) 1 will give you an account of his failures, as well af? his successes, knowing that failures are often as instructive as successes. Tho author, in the first part of bis report goes into an examination of the causes why tho laud in thc Atb.ntie States is so much cheaper than land in the Middle mid North ern States. And, after a pretty thorough OX* utniti.itinii of the question, he comes to the conclusion that it results from tho mode of culture. Tho ont ton-planting States choose to misc cotton, corn, and latterly sorghum, all exhaust ing crops, without having as yet. arranged any regular supply, by manure of grasses, to rein state the land willi wdiat the crops have taken from it. Tho general plan has been to clear a lieh!, wear il. out, and clear another. Tims continue until fhn exhausted plantation will no longer make a full support ; then sell out and remove to'the West. Resides, our ?.copleare so afraid their firewood and rail timber will give out, they usually koop a large proportion of their land in woods, which not only brings in no income, but, detra?is more or less from the products of the part, cultivated. With, out,, a change this course will go oil from bad to worse. Mr. Howard doest not propose' a chan; in the products heretofore raised. Ho proposet a change of management, by which enoh farm cnn be. able to produce, within itself, u re-sup ply for the exbnustion from thc crops raiaec on it, mid by which ?ls productiveness eau b( increased even beyond its original fertility. Tho change proposed is to incorporate ii tea turo in our agriculture, by which crops for tilt improvement of the soil shall receive ns reg ular and constant attention as crops for la in i bj supply or for sale. Prominent among these crops tiro the grasses. And ho contends, tba the price of lands in all countries rises jus in proportion to the attention paid to the arti lieial grasses. As proof of this ho refers ti Kurope where this statement is VOrificd. Ram in Spain the lowest, rises in Prance, still mon in Relgium, nml greatest in Germany, whicl is almost n continuous meadow. Take a com parison nearer homo ! Thc host bottoms ii Georgia do not sell for more than $50 por acre Kentucky is younger than Georgia, nearer ti lands of thc West, climate not, so goo 1, ye bind often has sold there, and that ii pin nd ter at 8100 per aero. There every aere in n ftVri.it including woodland, produces something f value; in Georgia do not contain within then selves the means to repair tho damage done b the crops grown. Thc rico lauds and Sea Ii land of South Carolina and Georgia noll IV 8100 per acre, nnd why ? Roonuso thoy ha\ within them to keep up their fertility to n unlimited time-thc rico binds by flowing i , winter, and tho Islands by tho sea marsh ii around thom. 1 Tho mst of tho Southern html mnst look live stock aa' a ptn'manont moans to kolp i fertility. And all oxperionoo teaohes th there is no way of keeping live stock in sui oient mim hors to answer this cud but by t nid nf url ? dein i grasses. (And all grasses aro oonsi La d artificial which require In bo sown.") ! Here then is opened the true secret of the val ue of grasses. Now, then, to an e.xaininatinn of the grass es that will suit the .Smith ami will answer this end. And first, those which will not answer : 1st. (Sflti/oi!.-The plants lived, life sickly ami Inresa. 2(1. Vt**" lt Rhnpernalrr-Is green nil tho winter- but does not grow high enough to mow. {Jd. j Lupine-This grew well hut an insect destroyed it. that destroyed nothing else dth. YvU'li-Grow well, but docs not pro duce as Hinch as Held peas. ?ih. Sctln'011* or Mourning Jlri<l<-Will not stund crazing. (iib. ( 'hickory-( I row? with vigor, but is propagated too slowly, and requires too much cull ure. 7th. French Crimson Clorcr-Is beautiful in bloom, on rich land thrives well during winter and spring. As a fertilizer would be Valuable sown willi wi teat already in good heart. 8th'. Ru nihil (?rim*-This the author has not (ricki-some of bis neighbors have-the hot, summer sun has been very huttful to it. Dili. lilue, Grass-*-Will grow upon nny land in the Smith having ? clay foundation. On wry rich land, if not pastured in the sum mer .viii ?ilford some green food during the wintM*. Its chief value is whon sown with Orel; nd Grass, tilling up the intervals be tween (he bunches. . Should not be let grow in m-ndow l.uul designed for li y. On rich bottom land will overrun almost any grass but Bermuda. ll th. English Rye. (Ira**-lins been tried and abandoned. lilli, italian Rye Grass-Most, beautiful of nil crasses Ils winier growth OM floh landis enormous. lt is often annual, and therefore is recommended more as an orna ment, than a utility-ii disappears in Summer. l i ?h. English Mainline Soft Crass-hid well in the winter, bul was killed out last Summer. 18t.1l. Reuther Grass, Caris Grass or Vd cl i,'russ-It eject eil as unworthy. I th. Deer Rark Grass-Resembles tin Tesl! grass, but, is inferi?-.' lo it. 17.*h. Men? OW Vernal Gran* or Varniili -Tuts Ho' merit which is noi; exceeded Ti} o(her grasses. Jtith. English 1'ox Tail-Rejected on tri al. 17th. Musgitit Gra**-(?reen during win ter, hut. does not stand grazing as well as otb or grasses. RStll. Rese?o Gra**-This is annual* am! altogether inferior to common rye for wintci pastures. lilt h. X~ca)>olitun ('lacer-.Closely rcsom hies the preceding--both are annuals. 20th. Spur ry-This has been called th? clover for sandy lands-growth with him mea gre and valueless. 21st. Millelot-Vamn\ on the battery a Charleston, S. C. Grows luxuriantly, hut i rejected hy ; tock. 2-2(1. Xarroic Leann! Plantain-Grow pretty wed in winter, h a useful eonstituon of winter pasture. Its growth is encourage? on his farm. 28rd. While ('lacer-This is an invalubl plant in Southern culture. It springs natur ally where ashes have been thrown. Its ben dits are not generally appreciated, becaus callie are so fond of il they never let it grin to its natural height whon they can get to il On manured land il will grow high enough t mow if not grazed during winier and spring lt thrives on any rich land, either randy o clay. Is of much use as felili/.er, and nlloW?i to go to seed becomes as natural to the soil a ('rub Grass. The process of subsequent lill provoiiicnt is easy. ll should be sown wit other grasses. It combines admirably wit Rernuida, ns it comes in the fall when th other dies, or rather sleeps, for it hover dici Tho extensivo cultivation of this apparent! strongly advised. 24. Ral Clover-Tilts he ?Iso thinks it valuable for the South. Careful expcrinioni and observation show that it will grow air whore in the. South on rich bottom lund tili is dry. Will not grow well on wot suhsoi however rich the top soil may be. It wi thrive well on any of our upland, made lie and plowed deep. On l ind destitute of da lt is useless to attempt its culture. It wi die 'mt if crazed in summer, but may be gra: ed ' / the fall and winter. One of its peen lar advantages to tho farmer and planter for a hog pasturo in tho spring to last ?i stubble fields are open, lt nicols tho won of that se.ison admirably. It will grow wc in woods wi ll thinned out. This we ha> soon very line near Pendleton, nt our neigl bois, Mr. Vi. Adger. And .Mr. Robert Ai ger lins sown it successful!" on large fields i ni old plantation, manured of course. Hr. . il. Adger, Mr. I). Adger and .Mr. Latta, di ring his life, have provi n thal (ho crowing Red Clover is a success in this region, both i bottoms and upland. Pr. Rroyles, too, win living near Pendleton, and myself, havo e poiiinontod with it successfully. And I ha lt now crowing, both in bolton, and uphill .Mr.. Howard says, as a fertilizer in n rota th of crops, it bas no superior. 25th. l/ucrrm-On ninny noconnts this ono of tho most bountiful gifts of nature tho Southern farmer and phil)tor. No torn or grass plant will yield near as much hny thc North ns Lucerne, will nt tho South. < good land and good seasons cnn bo cut four I fivo times during tho. summer. Ono acre good .Lucerne will afford hay and green fi for fivo horses thc wholo year, (whereas it \ tnko tho cultivation of about thirty aercf common upland to produce corn enough Sive hoi'aea tho whole year ) It is useless plant it on poor land. Tho indispensiblc qntsito in planting Lucerne aro, tin; land must bo good upland, made very ried) and very (dean. Land in cotton, cultivated late and (dean and theil made" rich", is in gond condi tion for this plant, Ground must bo broken up very deep ; recommends 41 four-horse turn ing plow, followed in the hame furrow with a two-bor.se subsoil to break the ground eighteen or twenty inches deep. Karly in autumn, or in Feb., are the times to sow ten pounds of peet- to the acre. Seed should bc sown broad ens, tightly harrowed in and tile ground roll ed ; then nothing more is required, except that every third year after the Lucerne should bo top dressed willi ashes, or some other fer tilizer free from seed of any grasses. It grows earlier in th? spring than Ked Clover; it is j therefore a tine adjunct with ciover for hogs. I This long account of Lucerne is given be cause it is remarkably adapted to our climate, and is beyond all comparison the most valti uable plant for hay making and soi?r^to tho Southern planier and farmer. ; 20th. Orchard Grast-This grass succeeds on a clay subsoil and on all oak and hickory laud, in the (lat Handy lands it is said not to perfect its seed. it. is of little use at the South for hay, but is of great value, as a win ier pastures. Should not rio pastured from Jun? to Christmas', lt. grows well in the shade, and is therefore well adapted to winter pasture ; docs best when sown with Hod and While (llover, as they all blossom at the same time. Should be sown irv fall or spring. 27th. Timothy-On rich bottom 'and this tirass succeeds well nt thc South. Recent ox j pcrimcnts indicate that it will grow satisfacto rily on rich uplands. Other grasses will yield ! more hay and better winter pasture. lt is ? advised (o confino its use to rich bottom land for bay, which it makes of very excellent qual ity. 28th. Tull Meadow Oaf f/rass, or $ah/brd Wild Oats, or Smythe' grass, or Utah ?r Or~ ''gan-- Th eso arc all thc same grass. On rich upland tho seed steins, grow from four to live j feet high yields a large amount of hay ; on bottom, much larger. Its winter growth is heavier than any other grass, except the Ital ian li ve fl rass Thc writer has been informed i' s ands winter grafting very well, but doe? not speak of this grass from his own experi euee. Hut, from the best information lu (amid get, this grass certainly Blands at th" head of winter grasses for the South. Mr Howard gives tho following authorities, foi that opinion : Dr. Mulcnburg, of I'cnnsylvaii ia, and Taylor, of Virginia, consider this flu most valuable of the grasses. Judge Ruc says it possesses the advantage of early, lat? and quick growth ; has measured it in June when in blossom, and found tho seed steh four-and-a-half feet long-the latter month i; superior to tho seed crop. Another wi itel says it is best for pasture, another thal it ii best, for bay, and another says when thc seed.? are ripe cut the tops ntl' high to get thc seer with a eradle then cut it close for hay j nm about the. last of August you have anothei crop of hay better than the. first, having tin best of all pastures for colts and calves. Mr (!. W. Waring slates that on a ponce of groiiiu ninety feet by ten he cut and weighed of dr hay ft om'this grass two hundred and ten lbt making to tim acre tho enormous amount o live tons. On the whole, he recommend Southern planters and fanners to make ?tre ful and judicious and yet vigorous experiment with the Tall .Meadow Oat Gh\ft?i Mr. J\ 1? Stanford, of llubersham, Georgia, has bcei raising it successfully for a number of years Seed can be obtained from Philadelphia. To be sown fall or spring. In June eut wit! tlie scythe weeds and grass, and next yea comes a good crop of seed ; then save th .-ced as above described. f??.? 2i)th. Terrel {?rana or R7/<7 ?lye.-Thi giass is found wild yi Georgia, from the sc coast to the mountain ; and he has reeeivci samples for inquiry from South Carolina, Ala bama, Tennessee, .Mississippi, Arkansas an Tcxns-all the same grass. It ts adtnirabl suited for winier pasture, and may be know by having on the head long beards on the sec like rye. Will grow well in woods pasture. One bushel i f the seed should bo sown to th acre, either ill fail or sprin<?; . 80th. Bermuda, oras /have lirai foti Bar ]i\t<1a~-tr<tnk9ht(c(l thc (Iraxs ?j (Jod The author winds np his report of experiment on the Rorinnda ?ntaW, and lins reserved fi it most of bis laudation ; says public opinio I ns greatly changed of late as to this grass. Many cotton planters are now setting it OT in their farms, lt will grow on lam's tc poor for other crasses, will stop washes in ol fields, is a fertilizer quito eqnal to Red OH vcr, and on sandy lands eau be easily destroy cd by (urning it over with a twister tri tb fall. South of the mountainous parts of tb Southern States, if this grass is not. posture in thc sammer, al thong h tho tops ot tho grat may he nipped with the fros', there will I: sullieicnt green prass umlernen.'h tn keep stoc during winier. This being tho ease, it nilli stand unrivalled as a grazing grass in tl Southern States. On rich land it grows tn OllOtlgh for mowing, and the hay of it tun the premium nt tho Georgia State Agiicnlti ml Fair. ? ?dist. Rr*cur Crass-1 laving many kim superior to it in Texas. :>2d. Blur Mittijutt- Excellent winter gra and is perennial. 88d, (lama G$a$*--Very good for mea I ow, hut will not' hear pasturage. J H Uh. Big Musi/it-Planted with Ont Grass tn a meadow will last ti century. Rc perennial hut not to be pastured. Some plain and simple directions for layi 'down meadows and pasture lands to grass v conclude, this compendium. For low ground meadows select the b bottom land you have. If it bo wet and c; ! net bo well drained, sow Herds Grass alo i one-half bushel to tho acre. If it be u I drained and dry bottom, sow four quarts .sith Heil Clover, four quarts White (Mover, ono peek Heids (ir:..ss nrnl one peck Timothy, nt I tin; Sani? time, either fall or Spring. The ground should be well plowed mid harrowed ' and the seed brushed in. All this may bo sown, if in thc fall with wheat, or if in tho spring, with oats, and should not bc pastured until tho grass bas dropped u coat of seed. F?r R?mmer pasture, Bermuda (irass is*suf ficient of itself. Hut thoso who aro afraid to plant this, plow tho ground you intend for SU. MIV >vj.nari '-o in ifeiiruary ov Mardi, and Crab (Jruss will bo thc next be.if. For spring, autumn and wiutei1 pastures on upland, sow a mixture of Tall Meadow Ont (Jrass, Orchard, Terrel Crass, Ked and Whito Clover. Foi* pas'.uro on low land the .same, and if it bc wei add 1'jjcVds?rjxstt. . Hut the great desideratum, and of the first importance is lo turn the wood land into pas turo; and this s ifould bethe farmer's first and chief reliance. All the above grasses but Bermuda will" grow in tho shade. Thc prep aration necessary is to lake rail timber enough to fence it, take out useless timber for fire wood, leave acorn and nut trees and persim mon, rind grab out the undergrowth. Then : plow ?* well ns you can, sow and brush in the ! seed, scatter ;lic ashes well of the timber burned ; if il cali bc sown during rain or on the snow, no brushing is necessary. No stock should be allowed to run on it till the grass bus-dropped a cont of ficcu. if a pasture be intended fdr winter uso no j'foek should go on it in 3uninicr, mid if for summer uso none should go on it in winter. No grass will stand both summer and winter pasturing, nor should any pasture ever bo grazed too closely, Fr?rri experience, it ia believed a woodland pasture will pay an inter est annually of more than S?O per acre. In our present condition the improvement of the soil i:< ti:e point to begin at, and this can only be effected permanently, by thc ma nure of dotiiosiic .animals and deep plowiug. ! Commercial rtianuros answers only a tempora ry purpose and ?cavcs.no lasting improvement, in thc soil, and cattle can only bc sustained in any increased numbers by grasses. Our cultivated lands are generally too much ex hausted to raise gra?s,.\\jt.hunt manure, nnd to make manure in any appreciable quantity wc must have an increased number of stock ; aud to keep that increased number wo must havo grasses. Now, the only solution to this dif ficulty is to plant woodland pasture. In tho woods the grosses will grow and flourish with out manure, and will thus feed thc cattle to make the manure needed for crops. Thus, you begin a system that maybe permanent, and if pcrsevor. :j in, spread to the enriching of thc whole pb ?Cation. . Having fini '.ed the history of Rev. Mr. Howard's ex pc; 'rn en ts with th c. di fieront grass es, nnd his di" ~ "'.-ions for preparing nnd piont? ing meadows and winter and summer pastures, T cnn add, n<;: a verifica tve-u of what lie has said of the Bermuda Crass, my own experi ence willi it for the last twenty veal's, which fully confirms all he has said ns to its excel lence for a sttmmelr pasture.' Thc Bermuda will r?Q? ont sedgo and almost nil other grass - es. But Dr. A. \V. .Simpson, nt Laurens C. j H., ?ins his front, yard HOI ?il Bermuda, bod ?? j Vetch grow in the r.hme soil in admirable har mony, and produce n continuous summer and I winter pasture that is hard to excel. This vetch, for it ipr lugumiuiousj lies dormant from spring till fall under tho Bermuda, springs up in September, nnd affords a green pasture till spring, thou goes to .seed and dies out. This certainly is a vetch Mr. Howard lias not tried, for if docs not answer the description of tho one he mentions, and scorns, from thc trial I have, seen made of it, to far exceed any Vetch known for its winter growth, and grows too in the shade. And thirc* i;< a South Carolina grass that by description far exceeds most if not all tho grasses nbo7c mentioned! 1 allude to tho ''Means Crus.'?. rimve taken especial pains to ascertain tho maximum of food per nore the grasses used in 0 or iii a tty a,?d all thc grass growing parts of the Coiled States Will afford. Tiwi; informa tion givc.i this an; wer, that in#I I ol land, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia and Ken tucky, thc best'grass lots will not keep moro lhan;r>ne grq'wn ox to thc nero in a fattening condition' during summer. I have n letter from tho l?f>?cnted Kx-Cov. Means which says, seventy licftV'1 of cattle, cows and younger stock, were kept, in a fattening condition on ton aeres of bottom set in the Menus Cross. And 1 have another from n gentleman in Mississip di, saying that an nco of the Mississippi bot toms sot in Bermuda Crass will keep threo grown oxen in a fattening condition during summer. Now, Mr. Unwind says, an nore of Lucerno will keep five horses during the year. Tints, you have a fair criterion to judgo of tho value of the different kinds of graf sos, and of tho perfect'adaptation of most of tbc very best varieties to the soil of South Carolina. Thus wc have the Means C l ass, not known tc be grown anywhere but, in South Carolina! the Lucerne, sown by myself in thc gurdon ni Laurens C. H., ol'Mr. John Carlington, dee'd tliiity-?ivo years ngo, growing ns flourishingly j during the past summer tu when Iii st planted tho Her ninan, tho next best, and the (Mover and Terrel fl ross, the Herds (irass, Timoth and Cania. Besides these, we. have a gras believed to lie thc mule of tho Means Graft which beat'.'t no seed, now growing in Mr. H i J ?. Maxwell's garden in lVndh lon, and o 1 Mr. Van Wyek's farm close by, tlujt may b made almost as valuable ns tho other, wither ? danger from ils seed. . I have tho letters c. ? Gen. Means and J. A. Black, dee'd, both di scribing the extraordinary qualities of tK I Means Gr.iss for hay and pasture, and iilso lt deleterious influenoo on tho growth of eotto i where it has tjot a tr??od set, both of whle 1 pny gentleman may rend who desire! to do s< f I cannot ?.lo?o^hls without sajin? of l??r