Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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- r' If E 0 WJ IE ' "TO think OWN 8BI.F lu: Til UK,* AND IT ML'ST FOM.OW, AS TIIK NIGHT TUB I>,\ V. TIlOl CAX'ST NOT Til KX MK FA1.RK TO ANV MAN." NY llOIi'T. A. THOMPSON. PICKENS COUNT HOUSE, S. C. SATURDAY* OCOtBEU 1.1, l?r>tf. VOL. XI. NO. 12. sNTJCUVlt UF HON J AS. CHESWUT, NKNATOII IN CO.S011KS.S JsUO.M S. CAltOUNA Delivered in Cnimlcn, Sept. 28,1850. ( KNtr.KMKN: Iii respectful compliance with yqWr request, I conic on thi* occusion tn i?pc:?Vc to^'uuof (ho condition, necessities, nud future of the Houtlu ' hone ore t homes <if jrveut magnitude in id interest.? Ty compass thcni wisely will require a hirir ?nt- <e\ycrienco! nwl ? sagacity bordering liinvc <clowty ofi prbpbeey tban 1 li;ive attnttie& lV\t, you have hvoti jitaased ti> ask foT Yny <?Rrmm*s, and T Will proceed to announce f will rntf fpeak to please, but, J trust, frntn the higher motive of common intercut, involved in the welfare of the Differences of opinior. I ]<now, will ?exij>t among us, but, to whn ever extent they iM(\y be developed, let tbein lie held *IU xwllltrtlon t.O :1 fair mirl ? i1n? ?! ? liberation, that wc may, in this gravo conjecture, place ourselves above tliu influence.? of jvtrty ami the warping vanities of self-?that we may review and master our prejudices. (if any we have) and yield t iom as sacrilieial offerings on the altar of a common good. At all events, yon arc entitled to candor at my hands. I will try to reflect the impressions made on my own mind by the current of events, and speak to you in the spirit of truth and soberness. 1 confess that 1 feel deep concern that 1 cannot perctfivc those bright tints with with which many gild the future of the South. I. do not believe that we arc sailing on a summer's sen, with not a ripple on the waters, save that which d ishcs from the prow, as We press onward with swelling Hails in the track of a safe and prosperous "voyage. 1 would that it Were so ; for, with glad heart and trumpet tongue, 1 would sound the tidings. To my eve the siirns :nc not so cheering. Though we mrty bo pitting in the sunlight of a tranquil moment, there are visible in thfr combinations around, the portents of a coming storm?a storui whose raging power may prove sufficient to <-rack every rib in the good ohl ship, to dash it in pieces, and drive the <I[i>jectu membra to exhibit new afhnitics and assume new forms. At such a time, the prudent mariner will not close his eyes nor ignore the dinger; he will be up and ready?struggling to avoid it, but, if it must come, to weather it if he can. To understand correctly the condition of the South, and its true srignitieauee, we must look back to sec what was done, by whom and with what result. To this end you will bear with me while 1 touch on topics so well known and trite to jnoxt of you. The lingering stvugglc which left the fit,.*.. i.wl ? ^ ' . niui p:uui;iil, IUIV llll-lll III,SO WCilK, and, in some measure, despised by tlic greater powers of the world. Foreign relations, political and couimcfciol, as well as the internal intercourse between the. 8tutes became so pressing; in their ueccssitioa as to compel the union. The objects of the union being obvious, the terms and limitations of the bond went specific and plain. All rested tmnly on the basis of equality. The power and respectability of tho whole being thus increased?the parts scoured against external dangers, internal collisions and general usurpation?they have ntlongth, in their federal capacity, assumed a high position among tlic first class powois of the earth. The boundless rcsourcf.i, tho immeasurable capacity, that \astnoss of extent which comprises the icy regions of Maine nnd the gold hills of California; in short, tho grandeur of the Federal Republic has censed, from the acknowledged truth of it, to bo a mere themoof silly dechtfnntion on the lip* of vainglorious people. All this is irue, anu it ih also truu that it is one of tho results of the Union. The South is not insensible to it. We have beon eloquently told that, let the future bring ,whnt it mjiy, our record in tho past of bur country's history is secure. The contemplation of tho picture of its power and prosperity, however grand in proportion and rich in coloring,'can bring no shame, no ivgvcfc to nny Southern man. It is the vouchor in part bf his own intelligence, patriotism and success. He may regret, however, indeed l?e must regret, that a t'aWc so groat?a Kiivvmuiuui ho auiMjuutc to its onila mu-'t fall beneath a blind rago for poll* and power, or by tho sapping and mining prows ot igr*oblo faction, stimulated by foreign polfcj; . It is an old trick of cunning politicians to imputo to the South an early and deop disaffection?as if toaConstitutional Union; mid to Impart to it* fR?blo*t struggles against usurpations and injustice, the hue of ti'?a Bon. lliHtory pi^ovoa thom alike untnio. It, will provo that, while the Bouth contributed much to tho formation of th?} lJl)ibn, it ba? Hacrificcd no less to it^ prpscrvation. It will 4I10W queh contributions unci eaeriileea as manifest munifteenoe and ?lovotion ?-but which in the end may provo tho most CiilnmltoiiH weakness. White tho profWure from without forced tho Btatcs to Rxgumo t!.o external uppearnnoo of u firm and grilling unify, they waro not. harmonious within. In the ConlrroiM nf iIia imnfiuiiiMtiwii J--?' ? 1 n v^^vMutuviuii uinjlUlfO , 1111(1 jwdounuvii wofo iftunlfested bctwcon the NorthcrA and Sotitbehi coluriicw. iJutitis worthy of rouvirk tih-U those dispute# nroae frpin thedrwdod no<J?4mHlatK?n of pdw?rby hojuo of tho .Southern 8tttt?3?and not *o mu,oh fYom HTty ill fooling oa ibe aubjoofc of Hl?v?ry- Wo Imvo no rcasoh to- bolie?o that tho rtpiri* of sickly seiiiiineriUdwm fn regard to tho ttoudago of tUo African in this country, had any perceptible influence ->t during llio anti-rcvolutioriary, the revolutionary period, and during that period in which the Constitution was in fin! On tlio statesmen of the Northern States.* This scntimcntalism, at that time, found a more general soil in Virginia than in the rugged o regions of New I'lnglund. Tlio thrifty | men of New Kujrlaud in those early epochs I of our political history, had learned the I value ot commerce even in slnvcs, of the I aj fisheries, of the carrying business foreign h mid domestic, of trade generally, of the j ti revenues of governments, ns sources of ri wealth, and fixed tlieiviews, and regulated their actions, more by a consideration si <if those subjects in all their dealings with '1 their confederates. Slavery had too re- si cently been quite universal in th? colonies, p I anu me steps taken tor its abolition in some tl I of them wore too universally known to ei ! haveoriginated in a mere consideration of n | interest, to allow the unspecnlativc multi- ri j tudo to have any fantastic notions on the w subject. It was later when thc^e notions p were taken up?when the (jucstion of slave- w ry became more clearly involved in the same I I ((uoetion of power, llfnce we find that j tl one of the earliest and most important , si sources of trouble arose from consideration n of the " back lands," as they were called ( n ?tue unseuieu lands ol the West. Sonic ti of these States possessed no such lands? | others very little, while a third class was . t< very richly endowed in this respect ? , h AtnOng these, Virginia was chief, with I il (leorpia and the two Carolinas. It was j a insisted that the boundaries of such States ! t should be restrained; that the"baek lands" j should be surrendered to the. United States, i t1 i as property in common ; and that the 1110- f t? i ney arising from the sale of them should . tl I be hold as a common fund, to be applied | >1 | to tlio debts of all alike. The dunvitnl r rested on various reasons, but the ccssion o became nceessary to appease the jealousy o to quiet the distracting clamor, " to dis- e I pose of the disturbing elements of the si | times," which clearly put the Federal lTn- a ion in jeopardy. The proprietary Suites ti ; yielded. Virginia, in 1784, endowed the b I l uited StJtcs with that vast and fertile I I region Northwest of the Ohio Hivor. In u I 1787 South Carolina ceded her claims; p ! and, after the adoption of the present Con- c I stitutiou, North Carolina and Georgia fol- p | lowed tho example. Virginia by her ees- d aion, not only tilled the common coffers ! f< with much-needed treasure, but added to t; the power of the North live free soil States d -?that gr.iutWtLer of like States which huujj like storm-clouds on the border, in- r htnid of bright harbittgers of mutual ben- a efieenco and enduring peace. e Tennessee, Mbsisippi and Alabama , ?? .1 : ...1 .. .1 ... nit ivgaiyil UJ V"C Oilier MII'OC U States. Jt is true that Now York, Mas- t sueliusctts, and Conncctiout, did also exc- '1 onto deeds of cession', but the relurn in c t to lev, If any, w,?s comparatively small, I v\'. le Connecticut ceded only lior jurisdictional claim to " tho western reserve," si and retained her interest in tho soil. Tho p amount of money received by tho United \\ States from tho s ilo of- the lauds ceded hy fX t|ie southern States has been estimated at HiVirlv SI :~?0 U :il ? I - . .J r .wv,wv,vvv. a lilia IV III Ujjpiwr |> I that the South, from n devotion to a fed- ? | crtsl union in the beginning, and disregard- c ing all selfish purposes whether of interest ii or ambition, gave to the other States not ii j o ily the ine.uiH to grow rieli on our ruin, but also the power to destroy our peace. u After some thirty years the I'uion was H again deliberately put in jeoparly by a * combination of motives, and tho Houth 1 n<r:?in u'"*" ? ^~ 11 ? .....v.. . v; >v ok nu niimii ?ac- | " rilioc. I low the Bouth responded the | scoual will show. I'ho Constitution having been adopted, J1 nnd the aew 1'uion formed, tho I'nittfd 11 States .started afresh, on n career of unpar- ') allelcd succcss. Necessary and succcssful wars wcrp waged, and now Territories acquired. By u treaty with l''nui<)0 in INOil, nt thoy acquired tho (Joloay or Province of j; Loimiunu, stretchinpjiu Ono direction from ' the Gulf to the Pacific Ocean. The third v article of this treaty expressly stipulates P that tho inhabitants shall he protected in H; thn-frnn Mlinvn>nnt nf ??? * ? w. |/rv|)vri>y. u will ho remembered that, nt tlic time of 81 tlie treaty, slaves were property in thin ^ ' Province; ami slavery was reeo^niaed and 01 protected, everywhere in the Territory, by tlie local luvr. Tims matters ntood; the d ( lovornmont performing its duty, and going w on Well, until 1810, when Florida, nnother n Colony, which rocogni'/ed and protcotod slavery by the local luw, \rnn acquired.? ir This pitaiotiUd s dileinro* j two Territo-1 fj rie.-', one of immense extent, with slaverv I I! ' V in tlicin, rccognized and protected by the c< local law ; up to that tituo, the two gcctious e< had preserved, in the number of States, an 0 id must perfect equilibrium, nnd-no far, ho tl diHtltfotion hud been made in the admission T dt' slave-holding and non-Hluvc-hoFdinpr m States. They had conio iu )>uri (! Hut immediately, in tho fitato of affairs in li'VlV* JV.HWU-'J Ml lUV-IUUnVU jKM>- 11 nr to tlic Houth w:i? aronscd, for, o? yet, <k the controlin^ doctrino of alimuto hud not w I),eon discovered. The jo habitants of two in Territories presouted petit ionn to be allowed to form separate stntoH, uitd bo >i<1uiitt?rt t* i'ltothc IJiiton. Ouft \7.i8 M tine, enrvod hi ?,,* ?i.? i'x?r?A... ,.* *i ?%. </>? VI HUD AUI1IIVMY Ui 1'1 ill??.;IUIIUN<:ilN j MIC II other, ^liti.toun, from tlsn r*>uiiii?uii pur- Ci cIwiho. Tluiae Applications wore made, in .wi the?aihe month, (Deoftmber, 1810,) nnd nli .thfiy wore alike'entitled to fldmimion.?t in Tlwy wcro allowed to form their Statf Con- or / itutions. Ono ndinittcd slavery within s Territory ; the other not. Maine, the oo-soil State, was favourably received id admitted into the I'nion in 1820, ithout opposition from North or South.? ut, not so with Missouri; in anticipation F her application, and pending its disission. roiiinimtruni'.oa fV.mi , i : n'.-n.n < !,) onventions, ami petitions from citizens f Northern States poured into Congress, gainst the admission of any more slave olding States, and praying (lie prohibit on of slavery in new States and Territoes. The local Ia\i' in T.oni.-iana earned and istained slavery all over the Territory.? 'lie government, by treaty, and the (.'on itntion of tlie country, was bound ti roteot slaves there, as property. I hit if lis doctrine should be acted on in tie ise of Missouri then all the States whi'di light thereafter be fprined out of the Tortory could claim tho same right. Tlti* ould never do ; it would forever place the reuonderanec of power in the South, and it-li it tho control of the government.? t must, therefore, bo resisted. What lough the treaty and tlio Constitution ood in the way? They were as nothing; icre parchment burners ; moral impodilent#; away with them or they will be ainpled in the dust; and so they were.? iow began that fierce and distracting com st which has lasted nearly forty years, ids fair to continue while the l.'uionlastt f there shall bo Territories to people? ml has wrought a thorough alienation be ween the sections. * Tlio nniiiii'il .1 ?-1* ? ..v m..m. \-<mm11i"ii, ituujhcu wm lie act authorizing the people of Missour i form ;\ Stute government, together wit I lie derogatory and unconstitutional joint solution tvltich followe 1, nrousod tlx iglit spirit for a high struggle. On tin ue side was a resolute and e dating ah litionism, whose philanthropy was sharp ned by the perspective, in which it fore ?w, in its triumphs, the wealth and powci ml honor that would flow from the opera ions of a government, whose control wouk r> 11111<2 uni.ni'n,! !?. o?'i!-? ...1 11- ' , 11? VV4 vv; no nuuuuu >V Dili; I.IK nion existed. The ln.^t of power, stint luted by the ardor of fauxtio.ism, I3 ut the Union in jeopardy rather than re ode from : 11 unjust and unconstitntiona urptso. Oil the other side \v:ts n fiery in ignation, with high resolve, combatting >r rights secured by Constitution and trea y, and ngninst the loss of equality, will egrading stigma. in t lie midst of such a eon test, the sy on song of pence of common glories p is nd present, and future hope that hung 01 omproniises, swelled high above llie nois< 1* a -.- I* n?? t ? ? ' ? ? i Mine, i no aoutn yielded, and otteret p the expected sacrifice to t!ie safety o lie Union. It was an ignoble sacrifice.? ,'o propitiate a prim idol, we gave the in ense of a broken Constitution and pros rate power. I?y the result of the controversy I In lavoholder ?vr?s forbidden to po, with hi: ropcrty, North of the line established ?i.- 1111 iiuy vuu iiun-smvunoiuor was permitted t< o on either si do; and, to flQt'toii tlio U is race, tlic arrangement was called a com romiso. This was the first great triumpl f the foes of the Constitution an,l th< quality of the St:*ton. Tho Fouth, hav Dg the power to prevent, but weakly yield ng must bear its full share of blamo. Again, the country took a now depart ro, and, for a while, all scorned to move monthly on. The philosophy of Wilbor urcc had been seized by the wild zealots o ho French revolution, and baptized am urturcutu blood. It presented itself ii America, as the spirit of demolition. ]}j epented concession we had stron g lionet ts power, and, by ^continued acquiescence uvited aggression. Hoon it turned npoi s in every quarter, and our domestic af jirs became an offence to its purity. Jlut for the admission of l'lorida and th< niiu.\:muii in 1 exas, wo would Boon lltiV( illon beneath its Intermeddling zeal.? Mirsc were obtained .through the aid ol MSG and patriotic men of tho J)cinocrati( arty of the North, and, while the ndmis ion of them benefitted all, it enabled tl?r onth to protect itself in tho Senate, Tlu ahsoqitetjfc admission of Iowa, Wisconsin Iinnrcota and Oregon destroyed tho bal nee?the North has now eighteen States 10 South fifteen-?niul it' tluj non-sluvchol ing StatoH choose to eonibiiih against u* o nro loft in both brnmrhes of tlio' Fcdo. 11 Legisl.iturb powerh\s8,for self-defence Nor oan thp South cxpcct to Attain an) loro comparative power by acquisition the Territories now belonging to th< nited Stales? There arc oight of theue jutuiuing orcr a million nud a half ol juiuu iiiul'h?onou^n to i?pup tun. JS(at?M ut of th'eao there arc only t\v?> possible tf ic South?New Mexieo andArizona. The erritory Wo?t of Arkansas and contigu is to it,. now inhabited by the Cherokee liicknsaw nind Choctaw Indians, who have ndoimich progress in civitaUoti, and have government wen oraormi and administerI, and who aro nlt?o a ftldvo-holding people, ill in a fowyonra bo fitted for admi?Aton to the Union. If, then, tlier Soiri.li t'ould obtain these three, there wilt Lrc routy-sdx to eighteen. Hnt if the (Wornout uontinnoe in its aecuntonied career, in very prob;iblo that Sonora and Lower idifornin wiH be aoquired. These liiat urc ell adapted to thrt institution of African uvcry, and nnfcaa the (Jovernment ahouhl tcrvonc, or the doctrine of S'juntteV Sovcignty, as it is callcd, should prevail, they t<g), in the end, may he added to the >Soilth. In that event, and in the most favorable view, the South would have twenty, and the North twenty six. | It is probable that the non slaveholdini; States will combine cj;ainst us, and it' so, what will ho the issue'( I have hereto-I tore indulged the belief that life difference I i of climate, soil, industrial pursuits, pro- ! , ductions and character of labor, which market! the two sections, trave trreat vnlnn tn ; their connection; that these important' (litToreuccs constituted, in fact, u coinei- I denco of interest, and that the hostility 1 growing out of ignorance nursed by a sickly sentimentality, and blown into full blaze, bv furious and false philanthropy, would i consume itself and leave reason free to ! point out and establish our true relations. | s But that belief less waned: The purolv 1 i I sectional party which ban embodied itself j , in the Northern States, increases every > ! year, and grows move , d more bitter and Vl .1 * reieniiess. in tin: lust I'residential dec- j tion it hwayeil a largo majority of tlio.se j ! States, and now, with rcoruited ranks, and high-raised hopes, plants itself in the path | i of tho country's progress, ohallmiging, not I ; recognition but the ri?_rht to rule. If t,!iis i party be not overthrown by some signal ! : and crushing blow, in a few ycar.s it will - j probably absorb the entire political power I of the freo-soil States; and, by eonso, , (fuenoe, the political power of the I'nion. s | Whenever it can command the undivided - j patronage riid distribution of the publi - i money, by seizing on the Incentive as well | as tho Legislative branch of the (Ijwvui i nient, it can, and in my judgment, will i . combine those States ngninst us. In sueli i an event, wlint have we to expect ? We t must have a the irrepressible conlliet" wa5 <?ed in hot earnest. The 'author of that i I destroying fiat never dreamed, in his wild est rovcrv, that''the wheat fields and rye - i fields of MaRBichuselts and N6w Vorlc - I must again be surrendered by their farm r ! crs to slave culture and to the production -i of slaves," tVe. Oh, no! that was hrutrm I l/u/iwhi?the :iiinnii:wntiir>i>t u-.u i^ .Tgivo antithesis to tlio other br.incti of the - I proposition, " that the cotton ami vice ' fields <>f South Carolina and the suacnr - plantation's* of Louisiana will ultimately I be tilled by free labor." Puerile and absurd as such declarations r are. tlfey nevertheless show the purpose.? - a purpose which, happily, neither the i jjeneral-in chief of demolition, nor his ' I'itcliy clouds Of locusts warjiiti^ on tho eastern >vin?l,*' t nor any other earthly power, can itself ac i cnmplish. If done at all, it will be done i through the- racreancy and vacillation of 1 t.he Mnnfli Unf o-:il It' ?...t.!~ ...... ^|*V) ?V|II, II nil." mil.ll IOI1 I is effected, wo must have this conflict, which threatens to bo irrepressible indeed. . - What, then, will bo the programme of - action ' First, the Judiciary must ho remodelled, which, I suppose, moans that, j a? the able and impartial men who now ' < jrraeo the Supreme Court oannot well bo ' , ejected, they must be overwhelmed by an ? influx of new Judges, to bo appointed by a sectional President, with opinions and j/m pirn ounu-iuiMit wiiii me rniinjr jvirty j i ?-nn old device of despotism. Still it i must be, done, for tvrany will have 110 - elieclc on its edicts?no Inrrier between - its wrath and victim. The .Judiciary, thus arranged, leaves the way unobstruc ted to the ends in view. Next will conic i the abolition of slavery in the District of - Columbia, in the forts, arsenals, dockF i yards, &c., belonging to the I'nited Stntig. 1 j Then, the suppression of the trade in i staves Dotweeu the State*. But, Still fur-1 ther, irresponsible power will amuse itself 1 with stranger IV. .nks anil extravaj*nnt va, paries, no matter how wild, irrational or i destructive. Here is another issue it will - offer y>iu, one which is styled the " iivinjr issue" of the present?the heftud, pne'tiy Oal issue of our day and generation, which i is, until it> is settled, to override i.ll if-snes - in tliMAnnnlr.. W., 1*. 9 1 ?"11 ... vino wv/uiiuj. xiu n , >V !."> II. 1 Wlil P thank my t'riond". to read it. ; " Hut if, on the other side of the ohain j !irr, they arc determined it shall coiuo up, i ! and .shall out-voto us, 1 tun, tor o?c, ready : j to meet tin; question, to meet it now, and , j join in making up the issue. *' We W?i! join the issno, however, upon I /I 1J--J - -J , ure iivmu; i.-vmu 01 iop present, toe netnai, practical issue, of our diy and generation, , which is, until settled, ti> over-ride all other issues in this country; aud which . tends to the solution of tlio two f<rcat quesr tiona on the American continent, Worthy r,e <1./. e ? I i vi vjuuiiuiuriiitiuu Ui ?\:il WlUtlU JSL:irCS- i .linen; one is (ho so!if ion of the Anglo( j American question, the other' the solution I f of tho Africo-Anleftenn question. In the I solution of these great question*, the men . > of our own races, from the temperate zones > of the old world, mingling with us, and being Americanized, will hold, in the end, exclusive possessions of tho temperate . zoned of the new ; while the descendants of . tho nron of tho tropica of tho old world . now ninqng us will find their homes in the tropica of the new; and, ?ir, tnpjr will not r go thero as nlavcs, hut ns freemen, to live j , among frocmeir, Where color is* no degra-1 , i u;iuum. . j " 'i'hpy will go, under .our . imstntmpii- ' tnKty, not to overturn the UoyorntncnL to J wliich tlicjf uuiigrate, but tp an! in rlevulj opin-j the nio.st i'l-oJuutivo regions of the i wliolo onrtlV. | "Ttifs question in pressing upon us , now. Vou cannot postpone it lung, if you would. It "is in the progress of cvouts, ami it must conic on, and for one I .?ay, let its discussion conic on." I lore is tlie linale of the grand " irrepressible conflict " ?a calm sweep of " Quasliie," and bis \vb 'e family down to tbo torrid zone! If (bis visionary scheme were a mere prophecy of wbat niigbt take place in future ages, under the inscrutable .....1 ..li i> ' mi-nmo iriJVlUeilCO, It WCrG UjlOtO gainsny or notice it. Hut such an interpretation would leave the passage without meaning; for it is asserted that the question is pressed upon us now, is the living, i actual, practical issue of this day and genI oration, <Ve. Those wlio are fond of deep | coloring win here hohnld, a dark pcrsp'cj five, the suhliiui-; reality of Black Republics clustering in the tropics. Liko clouds of night, they loom and bury again in eim mcritin darkness, a race once useful tocivili/.ition and happy beneath the white man's care. When will the phantasies of poor dreaming man, vanish beneath the touch of instructed reason. When will vain man be instructed by nature's law, and be content with the wisdom of (Jod's decree'( I5ut at whnt cost is this mischievous folly K, be repented ? That's for you to i' iHim* in. rirauge an nil tins niny seem, it is tho utterance of a Senator of intellectual ability, of gentle manners, but unflinching purpose, one who would be. as fit. a successor ' t distinguished Senator from New i any in tho republican , ranks. Ii this party, ehieftained as it is, j should be permitted to hold the reins of government, Such will bo " the bill of faro" I of thfit least to which you will be invited. ' Go to it with what appetite you may, for ' myself 1 would none of it. I It will be observed that my remarks ] nave o'jen conunea to those troubles which [ spring from two sources?the lust of power I nml the phrensy of abolitionism. 1 mn | net insensible to evils which threaten from I othor sonrces. i From niv short experience, T fear that ! too many have been brought to believe i that the Constitution itself is too contraoj toil; that it oujrht to be, if it is not obso| lete, ami that the widening operations and ! necessities of the country have so far outj ?*rown its provisions as to make it almost [ as absurd to kocp strictly within its limits, as it would be to attempt to force the urn j^iuiv 11 iuinj iiihj iiiu g.iriuenw ot iiis boyhood. This is a heresy full of dire evils. It cannot In met in this j?cueral form, but only in tlic details of its development. Weave permitted, therefore, to postpone the consideration of it now, to meet the ?re;it, overwhelming and present lie' ecssily. I I have attempted to show you the condition of the South ; that there are troubles greiit and imiuetit ; that the South has contributed to ,bring them about ; that lot self-defence, we are powerless in the Senate, powerless in the I louse of Representatives, and if the Republican party succeeds in ih* .-.r Y^itn J v..w wuvv-.n, w? iuuv, u? uiiaji >*?uurt, we shall be worse tliun powerless in tlie exeeutivo department. "NYe inny now proceed to a consideration j of tho necessities of the South. The present indications arc, that the South is girding on its armor for the conteat in I S!};); that there is counseling among its members as to the plan of battle; and that it intends to light with a rugged energy that will allow no defeat. I trust it will sanction no other principles than ! those of the (Constitution, which are broad cnougn to embrace every true man in the Republic ; in fact, let the battle be for the ('onstitution, and against the enemies of the Constitution, and not merely for the election of a President, in my opinion, the election of a President will be of little or no avail, unless it bring with it ;i sentiment that will rcplucc the Constitution tirmly 011 its bi.sis,and thus establish tho equality of the States and the rights of both sections alike, otherwise the buttle will rocur with greater odds, against us. In .such a contest t will heartily join with those in wlio.ie fate I am bound, however little L may expect from the lvsult 1 ii m\r K -? <1%...* - ? ? ... .m. J j UU^UH;IK, til* 111 live necessity yf tlio South, lit this juncture, is union among tliQso who compose it, and the second an assiduous development of its material resources, with organization of material power. To effect this union in the South, 1 would postpone all questions of more policy that may.stand in the way. The Sonth is bound together in a ooumion Gito It ought not fo separate, indeed it cannot separate, with any reasonable prosnPfi rvf nrncN?i?f /?i* Inlnvn ?- MH/I.-UH If wo ciinnot, With all the motives which now press on ti.-s, unite in tho 1'nion, how can Woexpect to ifnitc out (if it. if driven to that. extremity ? Wo must Jrtnrn to unite in the I nion, and then wo wilt be safe irt any contingency/ Those who ore .strong, nuist hear with the infirmities of the weak, whether of hot haste, tardy action or, over cautious eoffusel. Pro this and all will Vu> rii/ht? 4 -- - - ? - n- y To cfTect tljirf, flto Sooth must cortn" -I fapother with cauaor, courtesy and toleration. No ouo has (he'right, amongcqu>d*, to proxtlmu thnt he i.s altogether right, and otliera altogether wrong. Suuh presumption is 11until and Offensive,and can end on]y in disaster. I caution hiv Countrymen against ji _ * ? i * * ? Lin* nuiuigi'iicG 01 amy huoii temper. , I am pwrsanded llierenro no ftindiiihen.tnl diflnrunoo.s which bnglifc u> divide the tduvoholdiug Statos. Tlicy have equ.il in tollilU'uco, patriotism mid ;-f<ir:i. Having coiniiicu interests, tlioy ought to liuvc common purposes. I know tlioy have been divided, in so'uie measure, ly recent issues in the Democratic party. .1. i-. ?-1 " i i u?:> unjoin 10 uu especially \VHrv at sucli a ' time, liovv they ullow themselves to be i tempted, like boys, to display their agility ' by cntchingnt every apple of discord wliicli Ilioadversary limy throw among them.? They should accept no issues which nro cunningly devised only to distract. Of such a character is the pretended issue of o slave code by Congress for the territories. When did the South ever ask for such | a code? We <lo not ?. t it. It is tlm j last thing that should be asked of Congress, i If tendered, wo should accept the gift of 1 m> KPcll Trojan horse. The proposition to re-open the African slave trade has not yet attained strength enough (o divide the South. 1 regret,however, to sec it introduced. With great deferenco to the distinguished gentlemen who wnro if W on/unc- ? '? "" .. ..v ..<r,w ?V IV# 11 iv. iio 4111 UIIWUKT Pandora's box, without oven liopc ot the bottom. As a measure of public policy it is altogether impn?e'ioablo at this time.? The State gave tho power to Congress to I prohibit ilj Congress hr.s done so. I'ntil the Obligation is cancelled South Caro' linn will not put in the 'ea of Hon est factum to licr own bond. nrged as a po| litieal issue in tho South it will divide the I State Ui?hts party from tho Sabine to tho l'otomac?from the Atlantic to the Mifcsisi s'ppi. It becomes our wisdom, thcforc, in the present condition of affairs, to let it | sleep. The Territorial question KfS recetitly asI <4inn(*il n chnnn i t 1! . ?. ow uti |iuni ii^ UII tllU pUUIlC mind that I am nut permitted to pass it in j silence. Let us touch 6u 'the theory of the cpirs! tiovi, and afterwards regard it practically. There an: two views of it, even in the Dein! ocratic party, almost diametrically oppo1 site, but not supported by equal weight of reason and authority. Our view is that the Torritorv belongs to tho United States, and the nbs*. ute sovereignty over it is in them; that it wasacquired for the benefit of tin- people of the several States; that mo I'eucnl (iovcriunont holds it a$ trusi too fur their common use until it shall ' property ho associated with the other States | as a co-enual member of the Union, and ! that Congress has the exclusive right to 1 provide for its government; that the powI or of Congress to legislate for it under the I Constitution is exclusive; that the m I chincry of government to be employed for j tlie protection of persons and property ot' 1 those who may bo authorized to take up j their abode in the Territory, is at the disI ? * j crenou oi i uncross, and for that purpose : ! Congress 111:15- legislate directly if it chooso ; I and appoint its own ollicors to carry such legislation into eHeet, or may, if such be; tlie bvMt Diode, crcct a Territorial (lovcrunicnt tlicfre', and confer 0:1 the inhabitants power to choose the members of a Legislature, which is to act as an agent, created and appointed by Congress, to p"\?s laws necessary and proper subject to the supervision of Congress ; that the power of Congross over the person and property of a citizen in the Territory is not discretionary, but " the Territory being a part of the 1 United States, the eovcrnment and th<> citizens both enter it under authority of the Constitution, with their respective rights defined and marked out, and that i the Federal tipvernmcnt can exercise no ! : power over hi* person nn'.l property beyond j what thai instrument confers, nor lawfully > | deny any right which it has reserved ' [ that the Constitution denies the right to I Congress to deprive any citizen of the 1 l uited States of his property without due' ) process of law, and no net which deprives | a citizen of his property merely because ho j lakes it With him to any particular terriioI l'V Kfll^nciiwc 1T ?\11rwl l %/ .n...n XV. V..X. 1 UUCK riiliup, can UU dignilied with tho name c'f " due process of law that it' Congress itself cannot do this, it cannot authorize a Territorial government to do it, nor can the Territorial Legislature itself do so, for iti such ease it would he above tho States, above' ('oiigrofls, and above the Constitution ; iliut ii II.A -f - - I Wiivy Ul JiniJKTLV 111 n siavc 1M j distinctly and expressly uthrmcd in the C justitutionthat tho only power conferred on Congress over the subject o'" slavery is " tho power eou^ 'ed with the duty of guartJiug-and^protecting the owner in I his right*thnt every citizen of the United States lias the s.uho right to carry, hnlHund onjoy, in the common Ttrritory, every species of property which ni'iy he i rccoiruiscd as property in any one of tho j ^'nifed StutoA; that whntcvor the political departments of tho Government shall i rpeoirni^c as vritldtf the limits of the V?i? (ed Stated, fhe' .fftclidifll <fef>ittmoht is ftW bound to recocrrd.se, and fo administer it in tho laws of the Knifed States, so far ns* thoy apply, and to maintniit in tho Territory, tho authority and rights of tho government, and also tho personal right*, and i ri?rht? of nrrmnrfv r?f ... J y V<. m\tn 1IMMI I us sdrWfod try life Constitution.'' Tliis bl'iof extnct in'dienlcs i?y vfo# of the theory of the question-?a view whiuh L believe is supported not only by roanun, but the hi^ho^t mithovity of courts, commentators, and statesman. U'o will now enter on a brief examination of tho Viqws Of thrfafc of tlio Democratic jVnrty, who wn beliovrt havo departed froni the faith. Wt> will discuss the point* of difference as they arise. [>f.e rocr-tn r.voi:.]