Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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it to' their careful consideration. I repeat 111c* recommendation made in my t ine'ssugG <>f Dtfce'mber last, in favor of an i appropriation "to" he paid to the Spanish ; t government for the purpo*o of distribution . i Antony llio f-laitmmts in tlie Amistoad cane." i t President l'tilk first nmdo a similar rccom- f inundation in Decembor. 1847, and it was i t repeated by my immediate predecessor in ? Docemher, 1853. 1 entertain no doubt that ! .y indemnity is fairly duo to these claimants j ! under our treaty with Spain of the 1*7111 Oe- J * tn)wip 170"% -* 1 - -- ?* ....,v.., ., w., . ...m, n Mini iHMiiaiumi^ jusucCI | wo ou^ht to <Id juHtioo. An appropriation : promptly ma<lo tV>r this purpose, oonhl not i tail to oxort n favoralilo iulUi'jii.'t o c t gutiations with S| uin. ? Our iiositioi: in in'...> 1 f tl-* States South !' ih o.i t!ii?- ;?lui -nt. a; < ! peoially tli . ?? within !! ' lii.ii' >' Nm-U' America, i a p.'ruliar .-t?; -a.- <ir 1 1 Northern Ij ui"hin i i*ie\i'M i-- eoinnm'ot with our'pwn Southern homiiim-v 'iiimur: m, o ocean ; unit wo must r.eeo* .iriiy icol ? llnnik '>>> ?" ' - ~ ..V.|> uiiuivi-1 nt till mill COIICV-'HS "ilju W' li- 1 being ami the fa to of .mi near a 1 1 ?"? . : l AVo have at ways eherished the k;mU' t 'ami- ? os for the success of that republic. nn I h indulged the hope that it might at la- ', a.'.-r all it;; tr;'in joy peace ami prosperity urt- i | ?l?r a free and clahla government. We have j 1 never hitherto interfered, directly or imli- j i rpetly, with its? internal alTaiis. ami ii is a , 1 duty whieh we owe to ourselxes, to protect ! i the integrity of its territory, against the hos- < tile interference of any other power. Our i geographical position, our direct intern it in ' alt that concerns Mexico, and our well-settled : 1 policy in regard to the. North American eon- i l tinent. render this an indispcnsaldo duty. 1 Mexico has heen in a state of constant rev- i olution. almost ever since it achieved its in- i dependence. One military leader after au- ' other has itsarpod the government in rapid puccodsion; and the various constitutions finm I time tj time adopted. have been sot nt n:iu ulmost as Mum as they were pr.-el aimed. The j Mieecssivc govcrnmentx huve nHorded n<> | adequate protection, cither to Mexican citi- | /ons1 of foreign residents. against lawless vio- ; lence. Heretofore, u seizure of the capital i l>v a military ohieftain, has been generally | followed I v at least the nominal submission of the country to his rule for a hrief period, lilt not so at the present cri.-isot Mexican j itffairs. A civil war lias heen raging for | Hume umc tnmugliout tlic rcjuiI>1 ua. hotwrcn j the control government at the? city of Mexi- i co, which hu? endeavored to subvert tlic eon- ! Ptitution last framed, hy military power, and j those who maintain the authority of that eon- \ nitution. The antagonist parties each hold j possession <ii'<1 iiForei)t States of the republic, i and the fortunes id' tlic war aie < onstantly , chanjjiii?. Meanwhile, the most roprchens:- ; lde means have hecn employed hv Imth parties to extort m iney from foreignc s, as well lis natives, to carry on tliiri ruinous conies'. ' The truth is, that this tine country, hlessed .1 |>iuiiiiumv son linn 11 ocuigii (. innate, has boon reduced by civil dissension to n 0011- j dition of almost hopeless anarchy ami imberility. It would ho vani for thisgovernment to attempt to enforce payment in money of j the claims of American citizens, now amount , ing to more than ten million dollars, against Mexico, because it is destitute of all pecuniary means to satisfy the demands. Our late minister was furnished with ample j powers and instructions fur the adjustment of j nil pendihg <p>estions with theceniral govern- j inent of Mexico, and he pet formed liisdutv with i /.Oillaiidability.Theoliumsofou**sit izens,some I of them a rising out ?>i the violation of an ex- j 1 tress provision of the treaty of Guadalupe i lidalgo. uiid others from gross injuries to ' persons as well as property. Itavo remained j unredressed ami even unnoticed. Kenton- j stranees against tluise grievances have been addressed, without effect, to that govern- 1 liient. Meantime, in various parts of there- I public, instances have been numerous of the j in order, imprisonment arid plunder of our I < iti/.ons, by different parties claiming and ! fxoreisinji a local iuusd'.otmn: but the eon- I tnil government, although repeatedly urged thereto. bnve nunle no effort cither to punish ; tlio authors of these outrages, or to prevent j their recurrence. No American citir.en ran | now visit Mexico, on lawful business, with- i out imminent danger to his person and prop. | cjtV. Tlicro is no adequate protection to : either; ami in this rcspcc.t our treaty with ! that republic is almost a dead letfer. This state of affairs was brought to a eri- j bis in May last, by the promulgation of a de- j crce levying a contribution pro upon all | the capital in the republic, between certain ! Kpcciticd amounts, whether boM by Mexicans j <!ccice in the li^bl of a :l?reeil i :i , f??r . ally protested ;ty >iii ! it; ( I. .?*.i .1 t?i;i.? countryinen, mml ud\ircil then u >' l' pay i!ucontribution, 1 nt l<? M'.IS'rit t 1. t? :? .I Mxactcd. Acting upon this it?i\ an American citi/.on, refu < .! topnv ;.?? .i;trit-lition and bis proj'vriy was bci/e ! by al'm?v! men to ?ntietV the auiouul. N >! content with ibis j... " . ' 1 > tmu |;inuniiiiiMit linit'O''I'.'ii si,i: I ..:1 issued 11 decreo Inutihliiii;, I. .11 fro . u. e ( \ try. Our minister immcdinicly notified.r, that if this decree sdiouid l<? cortied into rx( oution lio would foci it to 1>? Iih duty 1 > ( 1 adopt "1I10 most decided measures toat he- 1 long to the powers and obligations <.f tin* representative office." Notwithstanding tins 1 warning, the banishment was enforced, ami Sir. Forsyth promptly announce! to tho government ilio suspension of the political rela- 1 tions of his legation with them, until the pleasure of his own government should he 1 ascertained. This governmnnt did not retro rd the eon. I < tributton iniitoKcd by tlie douree of ti o loth May lont to l?o in striotnc#B u " forr.ct lotto," I < and ti8 such prohibited by tho lOtli article, of I tbo trouty of IS26 botvreen Grent liritftin nnl j i Mexico, to the benefit* of which / niork-itii i citizens n?c entitled by treaty; Jot tho iinpo* j ftu.wii of tho contribution upon foreigner* : xvftA considotfld an unjust and oppve?nive < measure. Uoa'ulcx, internal faction# in other | | {mrtn of thn republic wore ut tho same time . j ovying similar exaction* upon the property j i of our citixoos, ami interrupting thuir coiur ; 1 uiereo. Thoro had been an entiro failureoil | the part of out minister, to Roeuro redrew for j < the wrongaavhich cur oiti/.?iiK hail 6ndtircd. ! notwithstanding hiii porxovnring eff.irt*. And iVutn tho temper manifested by llio Muxicuii j government, ho had repeatedly nosinod' as that no fuvoroblo-changc could be expected, I Until tho UhitofhStrtlon should " givestriking ! evidence of thoir will and power to protect i thoir eitiy.on*," nnd that xororo cliantoning i ML in the only earthly remedy for our grievan- j oen." From this statement of fact*, it would ; lmvo bean. wotso than idle, to diroot Mr. Foray th to rotrnco1 hi? stops and resume di-| jilonmtic reliitions wiin that ^vorinuont; arid It wft", therefore, ilcemnu prnpwr to wartcfcion hi* vlthilravrnl of tbrt lo^nHoii- fVnio Hip oily of Moxioo. Abundant cause no*** undoubted exists frtr > to l.^lil'ilinj u.ninil tlx. ' Htiil holding po8Bo?>?ioi) of the vupital. Should > they apc<-<?ou it) mhiluing tho constitution! i f ?rco?, nil reasonable hope will thon huve ex- i id rod of a rxuicful^oUlomcnt of cur < 11 On tho. other liniul, should the eonstiti ional |>iirtv prevail, and their authority I :stubli*hc<l over tlie republic, thoro is reasu o bopo that tbey will bo animated by a lei tufriendly spirit, niul muv grant that rodroi o American citizens which justieo require 10 fur in they possess the means. IJut f< his expectation, I should at onco have r :ommeudod to Congress to grant the riocO ary powor to tin? l'rosidcut, to take posHO ion of u suflieiont portion of the remote an insettled territory of Mexico, to be held i dedgo until oor injuries shall be redrosse itid our just demand* bo satisfied. N'c Inn ilready exhausted every milder means of o (tilting justice. In sivli ease, this remoi! if reprisal is reou'rui;" ! I?y 'lie law of natioi tot only !> . ;n .t in a-' If, !> . as a moans i i oniiiki' 11<: 11>:11 wn l#nt i!\i>r'' is aiii I'lor v' nvr:' onr rolalini k-.*itli M v ;!< ?>. hi i mi 1 i l:i<: unhappy o?i litii n . i atVaii'H along na?. Hnuthwoxto) ! !.! i< r. m hich il< nniii'ls inmiC'Iiaie initio Li ilial ivm in- M'/l'Mi, wjii-io tlii :<! arc bi \v \v' ?* i lii'.i , iar aii !*> ? i tin ilo aa' :i<>iy lii' miis l'ouiii promise i ' * l '!.( M >.\ir.i:i States of ('liiiinalui mil tSuiiora, an ! nur adjoining TerritorSe I lie local gnveimeats i>f those Slates a iierloetly helpless, ami are k?'j?t in a state < :onsianl alarm )>y the Italians. They ha' not the power, il' tin;v possesse 1 t!io wii von to restrain lawless Mexicans from pa? in;< the bonier ami committing tlepreiluiioi >n our remote settlers. A state ofnnarel iml violem'e prevails throughout the ilistii frontier. The laws are a ?lea<l letter, at life ami property are wholly insecure. 1*' this reason the settlement of Arizona is a re>te l. whilst it is of j^rent importance th l I'llllill lit illllllllillllltv vliJilit.l nvli.n.l < ;ilon?* its southern bonier, sufficient for tlio >\vn protection ami that of the United Slut mail passing to ami from California. \Vcll-loun?lc<l apprehensions art; now e tortainoil, that the Indians, an<l wamlerii Mexicans equally lawless, may break up tl important stage ami postal coniinunicatit recently established between our Atlant ami Pacific possessions. This pat-ses v.oi near to t'.io Mexican biuindnry, through > the whole length of Arizona. I can iinugii |?ii<r>iiiiu n-unMv inr uicse evils, aim i mode of restoring law and order on tliat i mote mill unsettled frontier, hut lor the gc eminent of tin; Initcd Slates to nssnine temporary protectorate over the Xorthc; portions of Ohihiialiiwi nml Solium, nml establish military posts within the samesiii<I this 1 earnestly iccoimncnd to Ootigrc! '1'iiis protection may l<e withdrawn, as soi us local governments shall he cMnhlishcd these Mexican Stairs, capable of performit their duties to the I nited Slates, rcstrainii the lawless and preserving peace uloii? tl border. 1 do not doubt tlmt this measure will 1 viewed in a friendly spirit l?y tlio gover iiii'nis and people of Chihuahua and Sonor ns it will prove equally etfectual tor the ]>r tectum of their citizens on that remote at lawless frontier, as lor citizens of the L'uiti States. And iii this connexion, permit inc to rcc; your attention to the condition of Ari/.on The population of that Territory, munberin its is alleged, more than ten thousand s?nil lire practically without u government, wit nit laws, and without any regular adinini tration ofjustice. Murder and other crim arc committed with impunity. This state things calls loudly for icdiojs; and I. tliei fore, repeat my recommendation for the * taldiidimcnt of a territorial government ov A ri/.oiia. The political condition of the narrow ist inns oi' Central America through wliii transit routes pass, between the Atlantic ai racmc oceans, presents a subject of (loop i teijost to all oonnnoroinl nations. It is ov these transits, that a hirge proportion of tl trailc and travel between the European at Asiatic continents, is destined to pass. 'I tin; United States these routes arc of inct culAblc i in porta nee, as a means of onmnnu cation between their Atlantic and l'iicil possessions. The latter now extend throng out seventeen degrees of latitude on the P cific coast, embracing the important State California and the Nourishing Territories Oregon and Washington. All c nnnieroi ?i i - I-- ? nit ii/iip, I m:i I'liirv, iiiivu II ilCCp UlUl tlll'CCI I torest. that tlie^e communications ahull I rendered hcctiio from intoi'ruption. IT i una of the sea, connecting tlio two ocean penetrated through Nicaragua and Costa 1 ca. ii eouhl not he. pretended tlmi thosoStat would have th?J right to arrest or retard i navigation, to the injury of other nation '-Ti p tv".!*u?t y V liurrovr ;?! MtiH, occupies nearly the same position, is u highwjiy i which i!.< . tlpnusolvcH ha ti'.tle iiiten w > on < ;;:j>;uc'I with the va inleru.its ..f ^he test of t|,? world. V.liJI thi-i.' ; .r .11.;. - ? i-> ? t 1. it t .!!.<? ns to r I'ril'i', that !!ii.i i i:>n ! ;,uH hall 11 Ii*i inlei'i ujt'tnl, 1:\ iho Vivii wars iU)(l rovol t:oiirti\y oithri-a!<>, w inch |ia\ ; '? fro ; <:i?t OrOUnol in thai region. The i.tki- it in.. important to l?c left at tl is 't\j i.t" iutl . nnpan.e, claiming to ho u. t.lhetiug emit is with Nicaragua. Tl nimmpi'ee of otlio/ nations is not to stai stiil untl await the adjustment of such pet li.iniroversieK. Tho (jovernmnnt of tho IJ i toil Stated cxjiuct no more than this..nmLtht will not he satisiiml with loss. Tliev won not, if they could, derive any ndvuntago fro ihe Nicaragua transit not common to the re i)f* the world. Its neutrality ftiul proteotiu lor the common use of all nations, in the ?nly object. Tliey have no objootion th Nicaragua Minii 1 demand and roceive a fn compensation from the companion and int > idutvls who may travorso the mute : hut tin insist that it. shi|li uuvur hvreufter bo elosi l?y an arbitrary doeroo of that govornmeii If disputes nsise between it ami thoso wil ivhoin they may Imve entered into contract these must be adjusted by some fair tribun ruvKiou lur mo purpose. ami the route nui lot be clotted ponding the controversy. 'I'll 18 our whole policy, ami it cannot fail to I icccptuble toother mitiomi, Ail tlione (liifiuultiotf might 1)0 nvouletV i Mmsistmitiy with the good faith of Nioftr f?n, tho iirto of the transit could ho throw >j?cn t > general competition, providing at tl mine timo for the payment of a reasoiiah -uto to the Nicaritguau (.Jovernnieut on pa lengcrs and froiglit. In August, IHiVJ, the Aeeocaory Tirana Unmpnny mndo its firot intor-pcoanio tri jvft'r the iN'icarrtguan route, itnd continued i mccoHsful operation. vrjlh groat advantage I he puhliv, until tlie 18th l^ehrunry, iKtfl rtiien ib win uiuhc'u, tww in? gruui 10 to joi)jpany,,na well its its chartoiy wcro- sun J>Wily and arbitrarily revoked by tho go >riuncnluf I'rCKt. lUvof. Previous to ill Into, hownvnr, In 1RM, Korinn* (linpnto* o-.jl >ornirtg;ffi??fttti<*nit'nt oi thftir account* hr ?ri8(?nibrttwt?oii the company *nd the goveri neut, throncting tho interruption of tl <>uto nt tin) tuomctiiU. tlie Unite State* iit vain . oudcarorotl to oontpose. rould bo lipoid to narrate tho' vuriou* pjr .ceilings which t6ok placo between ithtfp* ,ivj. up w*i wic i*uic wucu liiu irouuiuwu&UJ m jfig MitiaufliBMfll i- confmilod. Suffice it to ?<\y that, since Fel?- ; )c ruarv, 1850? it has remained closed, greatly ' i m to tho prejudice of citi/AM?H of the United is ! States. Since that time the competition has j censed between tho rival routes of Panama -t s. ' and Nicaragua, and, in consei|uouoo thereof, <; >r ; an unjust and unreasonable amount has been '* u- j rumivu uuni our citizens lor tlieir pii*i>i?gO I 8- ' to ami from Culiforuin. s- A treaty wa8 signed on the 10th day of . "I j November, 1K;")7, l?y the Secretary of .Stale j' and Minister of Nicaragua, under the ulations of which the uso and protections I,, of the transit route would have been seen- j |v red, not only to the I'nited States, but is equally to nil other nations. How and on jf what pretexts this treaty has failed to re- | ceivc the ratilicatiou of the Nicaragua gov- j eminent, will appear by the papers here- ' 'J with communicated from the State Departn incut. The principal objection seems to :i have been, to the provision authorizing the .v I'uited States to employ lorcc to keep the } a* , route open, in ease Nicaragua should fail 1,1 , to perform her duty in this respect. From I s" , the feebleness of that republic, its frequent ! l% A. 1*4 . . (| v.X'.l^VOUl ?.,!>> V 1 III1M1II, <111(1 lift UUUhlillll IIIj ternal dissensions, this lia?l become a most II. important stipulation, ami one essentially necessary not only tor t-lio .security of the j ,H mute, but tor the. safety of American citi '-v /.ens passing and re-passing to and from our | '' j I'aeifie possessions. Were such a slipula- . jr tion embraced in a treaty between the l.'nir. ted States and Nicaragua, the knowledge at | of tlii.s fact would of itself most probably 1 ill ; prevent hostile parties from committing agI gressions on the route, and render our actual interference for its protection unuec( tsfiiy. ,,r 'J'bc executive government of this eoun,o try, in its intercourse with foreign nations, i in is limited to the enjoyment of diplomacy ' ! ..i \\*i? .i ! ? "ii " | iiiuuu. it ncn mis in118| u can proceed n?> '7 further. It cannot legitimately resort to ut . force, without the direct authority of ('on;;; j grcss, cxceptiu resisting and repelling hos,0. I tile attacks. It would have 110 authority iv- i to enter the territories of Nicaragua, even a J to prevent the destruction of the transit, rn | and protect tlie lives and property of our ; ,0 j own citizens on their piMaj'e. it is true, ? 1 that on a sudden emergency of this ch.irr I aeter, the President would direct any arid i med force in the vicinity to march to their j ijr ronei; out in doing tins, ho would act lg upon hisowa responsibility. lie 1'ndcr tlio.se circumstances, I earnestly rccomincml to Congress the p;i*sago of an 10 act authorizing the President, under such a restrictions as they may deem proper, to employ the land and naval forces ot' the id j United States in preventing this transit from jil | being obstructed or closed by lawless vio- ; I liMw?n nt??1 i?* 1 .V..VN.) !?? ? ??I viiunvi:? illiu JMUII- 1 erty of American citizens traveling there- ! ]lr" upon, requiring at the same time that these j 1^' forces shall he withdrawn the moment the j I,, danger shall have passed away. Without is- such a provision, our citizens will be concs stantly exposed to interruption in their proi't gress, nrtd to lawless violence. * l>" A similar necessity exists for the passage u* of such an act, for the protection of the I Panama and Tehuantcpec routes. |,.l In reference to the Panama route, the li , I nited States, by their existing treaty with "1 i New Grenada, exnresslv </ua ran tees the I u" ! neutrality of the Isthmus, " with the view 01 i that (.lie froo transit from tlio one to tin.: )(j otherseu inny not be interrupted or enibarp0 rassed in any future time, while this treai|. ty exists." ii- In regard Co the Teh uantepec route, which ii'" , hii^bcMi rcoontly opened under the most 'l* favorable auspices, our treaty with Mexico, of the :50th December, 18f>:{, seeuroH to the ()j- citi/.eiw of the I'nitod Slates a right of ?l transit over it lor their portion* and incr- j n- ehandi.se, and stipulate* that neither gov- | be eminent shall interpose any obstacle there- j in to. It also concedes to the United States I ' I* the ''rifeht to transport across the Isthmus, I in closed bags, the mails of the I'nited ,s States, not intended for distribution along i8 the line of the communication ; also, the h*. cffcet:; cf the United State.? (Sovon.uiGut, It umlita citizens, which may be intended for transit, and not for distribution on the Isthnius, free of custom house or other charges ^ nf' Mi>y in-ill. I " .y. Those treaty stipulations with Now (7 ren ot ndauiul Mexico, in addition to the consid- | ti- orations applicable to the Nicaragua route, l ly j seems to rcquiro legislation for the purpose j of carrying them into effect. jRJ The injuries which have been inflicted upon our citizens in Costa Ltica and Nicar?] ' agua, during ^hc last two or three years, ty j have received the prompVattCntion of this ii- j government. Some of these injuries were ' ?y of the most fl?f?*ravntad ehnniefeiv The | tr;insnotion ai Virgin Bay, in April, 18f><5, j when a company of unarmed Americans, j n whowereinno way connected with any . ir beligerent conduct ur party, were fired upon i ut ; by tlie troops of Costa Kica, and nutnbern .ir ! of them killed and wounded, was brought to the knowledge of Congress by my prcI doocssoB, ?oon after it* ooenrrenco, and wtis ! also presented to tho government of Costa ! i Rica, for that immediate investigation and 1 ?i iuuiw) which mo naiuro ui tne ?nso oc- i i\i mnndcd. A similar cour.sc was pursued : ?t with roiereuco tu otlicr outrages in these { ,s countries, sou)o of which wore hardly lues J ,0 aggravated their character than the brauP siiction>at Virgin liny. At the time, however, which our presentn minister to Nicaragua was appointed, in 10 j December, lSf>7, no redress had been ob1? j taiiicd for -any of these wtoiil-3? and no re *' 1 }>ly oven hod been'received to the demands t i which hud been mii^o by this government I ' uyoii that of Costn llicu jsioic than a year ,}, beforo. Our jninistcr wVs instructed,therein fore, to lose no tiino in cxprcHsinu to those iVi j governtnents tfio deep regret with which is I tho Prteident hud W?ttt03Hed this ir.attcn! tion.to tho just claims of the Ufiitcd.SUit&s )' | and in ubnmuding their prompt and satis!" ! factory adjustment. Uuless thin demand ! I(j | ahull bo satisfactorily complied- with nt rvjnn- early day) it, will only rfcmain' fuf 10 I this |;ovurnniout<to adopt such measures hh >d ' nitty be noeeaxary, in ordqr to obtain for itj salt'that justice whioh it' hn? in vain attempted tO KOcurc by peaceful lacuna, from ^..j the ^vcEuuieuta. of Nicaragua aud Costa M& iffr/.'V ? w;t :*fkAM. :'V - Kica. Whilu it has shown, and will con-' limto to bImjw, the most sinecro regard lor the rights and honor of those rc*j>ul>li?.-f?, it cannot permit tliis regard to he met l?v an utter nogleet, on their j>:?, of what is due tho ?ovcininent and citizens of tlio i nitcd States. Against Now fSronada we have lnn;:slandilitronuses of eomidniiit. sirisiii" <>nf <if the unsatisfied claims of our citizens upon tlint republic : and to these have been more recently added the outrages committed upon our citizens at Panama in April, l*~>(> A treaty for tho adjustment of these dilYiculties was eoncluded by the Secretary of State and the Minister of Now (Ircimda, in I!"<">7, which contained jmtaud acceptable provisions for that purpose. The treaty was transmitted to Uogota, and was rati tied by tin? government of New Grennda, but with certain amendments. It w'ns not, however, returned to this city until alter tlic close of the last, session of the; Senate. It will he immediately transmitted to that body for their advice and consent; and should this bo obtained, it will remove all our existing causes of complaint auain.-t New Grenada on the subject ofelaiias. Questions have arisen between the two governments as to the right of New (Irenada to levy a passenger tax upon < ur citizens arriving in that country, whether with a design to remain there or to pr.su from ocean to ocean by the transit route; and also a tax upon the mail of the 1 nited States transported over the I'anama I! til H??.? 1. The government of N< w tircinda has been informed that the I'nited St;:tos wou'd consider tin' collect inn oftilher of tln^,. taxes ns an act in violation of the treaty between the two countries, and ms such , would h-.: resisted by the I'nited Stales.--At the same time, we are prepared to discuss these questions in a spirit oftunitv and .....i ..iii. I j??-7Wi\s\y ti wu ?l II II (l Oilll.Vi U \ 4 V ?> I I them in a satisfactory manner. A negotiation for that purpose has already l>eon commcnceil. No effort has recently been i made to collect these taxes, nor is any anticipated under present circumstances. With the empire of Brazil our relations ! are of the most friendly character. Tlie j productions of the two countries, and cspc- j cially those of an agricultural nature, are ; such as to invite extensive mutual exchanges. A large quantity of American Hour is consumed in Hra7.il; whilst more than treble tho amount in value of IJr.izilian I Cofteo is consumed in the I"11ite<l States.? j Whilst this is the easo, a heavy duty has hcen levied, until very recently, Ujmn the importation of American Hour, into 1 ir.sv.i 1. I uni gratified, however, to he sihlu to inform you that in September last this has been redueed from 81.^2 to about forty-nine cents per barrel, and the duties on other articles of our production have been diminished in nearly the same proportion. 1 ro?rret to state that the "ovcniinpnt of Brazil .still continues to levy an export duty i of about I 1 per cent, on coil'ee, mitwith- ! standing tins article is admitted free from duty in the I 'nitcd States. This is a heavy chargo upon the consumers of coffee in our country, as we purchase half of the entire surplus cvop of that article raised in Brazil. Our Ministev, under instructions, will reiterate his efforts to have this export duty removed; and it is hoped that the enlightened government of tins Kniperor will adopt this wise, just and etjiul policy. In that event, there is goo 1 reasyn to be neve that the commerce between the two, countries will greatly increase. much to the advantage of both. The claims of our citizens against tlie 1 government of Hrnzil are not, in the ag- I greguto, of very large amount; but some of these rest upon plain principles of justice, and their settlement ought not to hu delayed. A renewed and earnest, and I trust u successful effort, will be made by our miti- 1 ister to procure their final adjustment. On the 2d of June last, Congress passed a joint resolution authorizing the President ! "to adopt such measures and use sueii force i as, in his judgment, may be necessnry and ' advisable, "lor tno purpose ot adju^tin<r the diftlrentes between the Vnitcil States ! and the l'opnblicof Paraguay, in connexion with the attack on the I nited Stales .steam- | er Water Witch, and with other measures ! referred to" in his annual message. And ' on tho 12th of July following, they made j an appropriation to defray the expenses and compensation of a commi.ssiom r to that re-; public, should the President deem it proper i to make such no appointment. In ( ninnlinn^o u'ifli 1 <?n*w?i nn>n t j 1 - -?i ; "x; j have appointed a commissioner, who lias ' proceeded to Paraguay, with full powers 1 and instructions to settle these differences in an amicable and peaceful manner, it this be practicable. His experience am* liserction justify the hope that he may prove successful in convincing1 the Paraguayan government, that it is due both to honor and justioo, tliat they should voluntarily I and promptly make atonement, for the wrongs which they have committed against il. .. IT..!. I iS* A .... 1 ! I i- . ' ! uic i.nneu ru.iics, u II11 i iki fin it 11 v (iur i it - , jured citizens whom they have forcibly ties- : poilcd (if their property. Should our commissioner prove ulisia;ce.ss- j ful, a ft or h sincere and earnest eil'ort to ac-1 complUh the. object of his mission, then no alternative will reimiin, but the employment of force to-obtain- "just satisfaction'' from I'aragnny. In view of this contingency, the ocorcwry ol tuo .Navy, under my uireetion*; has fitted out r.nd despatched a naval i forco, to rendezvous near JJucnos Ayres, which, it is believed, will prove saiHoicnt for the occasion. It Id my earnest desire, however, that it may not bo lbuud uccessary to resort tO'thia last alternative. When Congress met in J>eceniboi last, the business of the country had jirtt been crushed by one of tho.se periodical rovul- ; ?ions, which an^ihc inevitable consequence ! of our uiujou|)dan^ extravagant system (if i hank ttredito-and inflated yurroiioy. Wi^h all thts'clbinenitMif miViotial wealth in abun-1 dance, our manufactures woro nUspcnded, I onr iirtoful public and private enterprise* were arrested, and thgu'unda of la bo rota , were deprived of employment nud rtduyod , to waut. Universal diutrcw i>WV?ilod j j, " \s uinong the coiniiiociitl, niiiiiuliu fnriiig, and ( incchau'rcal classics. Tliis revulsion was | frit the move severely in tlx* 1'nital Stut?*s, because similar oauscs had produced the 1 like deplorable cftoets throughout the cotu- 1 meroial nations <>t" 1'iuropc. All were e\- ! periencin^ srcl reverses at the Mine mo i ItlAllf ^ in.. i..? 1 ..IV III. will III.* II u I nrvj^fvciVWIKTI! Mil- 1 fen <1 severely, n>?t boc'iuse of the roeent 1 < reduction in tin? tariff of duties on imports, ' : but because there was no demand at any ' 1 price fur their productions. < The people were obliged to restrict them- ( . _1 _ . . i * . . bcivch, 111 uioir pureiiaso*?, to artieies of 1 prime n?TO.v>sity. In the gouoral jiro.-itr.i- \ tion of business, the iron manufacturers in diHVront States probably suiVeuwl nuiro than 1 i any ?Ahor class, ami much destitution was , I tin1 iiiovitablo consequence, among tbo ; | groat number of workmen who had been employed in this useful branch of industry. Thor'3 could bo no supply whore there was no domain!. To present an example, there could lie no demand lor rail road iriu, after our magnilioent s\*toni of rail roads oxtending its benefits to every portion of the I*iiion, had been brought to a dead pause. The same oousciju noes have resulted from similar causes t > many other brauehos of useful ' ilia mi lectures. It i* self evident tluit where there is no ability t?> purchase 111:'nufactiavtl articles, these cannot be sold an<l const fluently must cease to bo produced. Xii g-ivernnient. and especially n gwrnment of such limited powers as that ?if the l/nilcd, States, could havo prevented tlie late revulsion. The whole commercial world seemed tor years to have been rushing to tliis ! catastrophe. The muiu* ruinous eoieeipien- [ cc^ would have followed in the United Suites, whether the duties upon foreign imports had rvuiiwiuKi us iney won; umler I lie taritJ ol 18 10, or had been raised t<? a much higher , standard. Tlie tariff of IS.37 hud no a*ieney ' in t! io ro alt. 'J'lio ^Riicrnl can so existing i throughout tho world, could not luivo been controlled by the legislation of any partiou- i lar country. Tho periodical revulsions which have existed in our past liistorv, must continue to return at intervals, so lont; as our present unbounded system of bank credits shall prevail. Tliev will, however, probably he tho j less severe in future; been use it is not to he expected, ut least for many years to conic, that the commercial nations of Kurope, with whoso intercut our own are so materially involved, will expose themselves to similar | calamities, lint this subject was treatetl so much at largo in mv Inst annual ines.-nge that I shall not now pursue it further. j Still 1 respectfully renew the recomtuetulatioii iti favor of the. passage of a reform hank- i rupt law, applicable to hanking institutions, j This is all the pow er crvcr the subject which, j I lielicve. the federal government possesses. Such a law would mitigate, though it might ' not prevent the evil. The instinct of selfpreservation might produce a wholesome ! rcMiaitti upon incir oanKing nusnuw. il tliev know in advance, that a suspension of specie payments would incvitablv produce their civ- . 1 il death. liui t!.o effects of the revulsion arc now I .slowly hut surely pu *iug away. The energy ami enterprise of our citizens, with our < unbounded resources, will, within the period : i of another year, restore a state of wholesome | industry an I trade, Capital ha* agrvin ne-! eumulatcd in our large cities. The rate of interest is there very low. Oonlidenco is ] gradually reviving, and so soon a.? it is dis- ! . covered that this capital ean ho proliiahlv j employed in commercial and manufacturing I enterprise, ami in the construction of rail t roadtt and other works of public and private ( improvement, prosperity will ugiiiu smile j uMoughout iho laud. it is vain, however, t.? j ( disgui.?*1 tli?? tact from ourselves, that a f pceuiative inflation of our currency, will o.it a 1 ' com -jouding inflation in outer countries ' : wlio.se manufactures come into competition l w ith our own, must over produce disastrous j results to our d mest'ic manufactures. N>? , taril!-, short of ali-olute prohibition, can prevent these ovil ooiu-eriut'ncos. j In count ctiui with-this subject, it is prop- ; er to refer to our financial condition. The i 1 same eauses which have producod pecuniary ' ' distress ihrou^hoiit tin; country, hnvo so ro- | ' dueed the amount of imports I'rom foreign 1 countr c>, that the revenue has proved innd- ' equate to moot the neoessary expenses ul' the j government. To supply iii - lieiii ienev, vouj^re-'H, hy the net of the -3d of IVcoinber, l.S.*>7, uuthori/o I the issue of SJU,tH)(),000 of t crtsury notes: ami. this proving inadcijOftte, they aullioi i'/.e<l. hy the aet 6t Juue I tilt, I a loan of$?U,UOO,OOt), "to he applied to the pay loon t oi' appropriations made hy . | No sta'esman would advise thnt \vc should go ?oi iiiercasiiig the national deht to meet ' tho ordinary uxpense.v of tho government.? 1 This would be u most ruinous policy. In ease of war, our credit must bo our chief resource, at least Cor the first Year, niul tl>is i would begnnt'v impaired by having < > nti'acted a lai'jiodebt in time of peaeo. It is our true policy t*> increaso our revenue mo as to equal our expenditures. it would be ruinous to continue to burrow. Besides, it may lie pro] er to observe, lliat the incidental protection thus aii'oidcd by a revenue turilf, would at the pie cut moment, to some extent ineieiM! the c>.nlidcneo of tho maliufa'jtorin^ vivid;* liusiiifcba. To iliiiJ, suioly, no person i will <?l?jc(tf. ! In ivgiii'il to the liioilc of nwl col- i looting ilulies uii'lci'a titl'lclly revenue tariff, 1 | lutvo long ago entertained ami o.l'lou exprct-ml ( (lie opiuu>'?> I hat- hoaml policy recuives this shoiihl lie tione by specific dimes, in cases lo wliioh these can be properly applied* 'I hoy nve well adapted to eoiiuuoiHlie* which ni'iUtni- ' ully m>M by weight o.' 1 y inc.inures, and which j < from ilicii- n-ituro, are of nenvty equal value. | .Such, tor example, nro tins articles of iron ot I ( different obisscn, raw sugar, mi l foreign wines ; , Mll't r-pilittt. In my doliboriito judgement, specific Unties 1 ' nro best -il not the only means of seeming I bo j ? revenue against false and fraudulent invoices, < unci such n/ia been the practice adopted for this , purpose. by other commercial nations, llositlc, 1 Hpeclfio duties would* afford to the A morion n 1 manufacturer tho incidental advantages to j ' which he. is fairly entitled under 11 revenue tar- I 1 ilf. JTho present system li) n Milling scale to his j , disadvantage. ruder it. when prices arc high I iiinl business prostierou*. the duties rice in ' umount When he least requires their aid. On 1 tlio contrary, when pvices tall, nud lie ta'sfrug- j 1 gling ngainM adversity, the duties are dimin 1 i&lit'd In tlio sumo proportion, gioinly IV l.i inj-.n-v. Nuithor would Iherfc ho dntijrer that n ' higher rate of duty thrtU thnt intended h> ' Ubndfrefl? could bo levied in tho form of i Ul\niMri/t III liitl It U'iliilil Ki> An^'i' * ft Iio/irtfc I imv uunvn. ?i nuuiu 9JM> i,\J anwi* tiiin the average value of any imjiortcd articlo for a ftevicA ofycM*; and instead of tubja;tin^ it to an ad vulorcto duty to r.t a 4-ii oitain r.i(>" per centum. to suhstitutc iu its '' "saB dace jifi equivalent speeiiio duty. By Mich mi :n rangeuient the cou-nuuer ?S iVOftld lint ho injured. 11 is tru?, ho might \ ] i.ive to pay a little more duty on a given irtirlc in 0:111 ynr; hut il'su, he would pay 1 little loss in anoUior, and in a tsericH of ^eci'rs these would counterbalance each oitli- 'fK 3r, and amount to the canto thing, so fur ^HJ is his i 11 i M'cst is concerned. This iticon- $8 treuiiiiCe would he trifling, when cjpntnwt(1 with the additional Security thus afford- -fiMfo] d against frauds upon tlio revenue, in which every e'onsirmer i.s directly intercwI luivfi thrown dut tluso Hig^t'ona 03 > ty '3 iho fruit of my own observatit n, to which f ? t'ongres.', in their better judgment, will | give such weight as they may justly deserve. The report of the Secretary of the Treas- <" \ urv will explain in detail the operations of that department of the lrovernmout. The receipts into the treasury frOm all sourues : during tlie fiscal year ending 30th June, IS '.S, including the treasury notes uuthori/."<l by the act of IVceiubor 23,18i>7. \y<5yo : 'v., $70,27'5.809.:M), which amount, with the balance < f ? 17,710,111.27 remaining in the treasury at tiny co'mmdheoiuct'ft of the y?\n\ made an aggregate for the KOVvicO .of '* 'the year of $87)0r8i'8i].80. ? " 'I li<- public expenditures during the fin(; d year ending !une 550, 1 S.")S, amounted to 1 ..")Sr),G<>7.70, of whicli ?9,084,587.- : ,>i were ; ppl!cd u> the payuu nt of tho pub- A lie debt, ami the ridcmriti m of treasurv' 2 1 . . ' W ' V i:ot?*s, with llio iiitorot thereon, icuving in tlio treasury on .l?ly I, ]Sf)8, being titer irnnuuenconieut of tlie present fiscal \ear, ] <>. I o. The rocoipfs into the treasury, (luringthe lirst rjUiirtnr of the present liseal enninieiuithe 1st July, lSfiK, including tine half of t he loan of ?',i0,0U0.000, witlt1 - 1 the premium upon it, authorized by tho net of 1 Ith June, 1 wore 82.">,2DU,879,40, and the otiinatetl rceeipt.s for the rft>i....... i ' .i - 'in-i T .u.iiiii.r.; mi i;i- > | ll it I IVMSj 1(1 UlUQVlll tlUIIC, 1S.V.I, front ordinary sources, aru ?.'>8,f)00,UOU, making, with tho balnticc before r;ta- * ted, an t?(r^roj*ntc of ?70,120,1(.'5,50. The expenditures (luring tho iirst (|tuirtorOf ' . Iliu pre-onr lis *nI your wore $l!1,-7(>8,108.64, of ivhieh *1.010.1 l'J.!!7 wero applied to llie* payiiioiii m' the public debt and tlie roden p'ion otroiiMiry liolos utitl the interest thereon. Tho* I [ sliiiiutod expenditures, during (lie remaining ilir?e quarters, to lite oi'Jli Juno, 1860, 62,857,- i i.iH. making an aggregate of 74,06B,8U0k5V/ K ing an e\eoH.< (if expenditure lieyond tlie es- r Litiiiiied receipts into tlie treasury front ordinary mtreos, during tlie tiNcal year, to ll'j OUtlf littto, IK"?\I, ot' 1:1. 1'xt inordinary menus are |>laeed hy law within the command I ,?l' the Secretary of tho Treasury, l>y the reissue' nf treasury notes redeemed, and by negotiating f lli?? nri* .?!' tin* limn ? l hli of Juno, |K>8. in iIn?extent of eleven millions of ilol'ur.-. which if realized during tho I'Ci'.' eut tisonl \ i? ir, will lcitvj a hnlitmo in the ircasiiry, on the lir.-.t d-y of Julv,- 1809, of 7,tir.3,^'J8.67. Tho Jibuvo estimated voceipl.s during tho i next tirfoal year, emlin<r 30th Juno, 18(j0, 1 lire $<32,000,000, which, with tho iit>Gv*T? H L'.stiiiiiitL'd balance of >?7,0(i.>,^!)S.r>7, make in iiirgro^ntc for the service of tho next liscal year, of SG9,0<i.'{,2'.i8.f>7. The esti nisi toil expenditures during the ncXt vc.ir ending .'JOtli .June, 18U0, are !:{!), I 17.10, which leavo ft deficit orf cstf* muted in mis, compared with the estC^xtod y ixpenditures tor that ^car, eo:umcuonAr lati July, 18f>5), (>t'?llU7*l'l84$.8p. In addition to this sum, the Vos^^JLstcT li moral will rofju'iv from the trcaattjlni fc-' [he service if the Postothco lK^svf.nV \v N>,8t?>,T-S, as explained in the report *mr\^ the Secretary of liio Troa.sury, which increase t he estimate d deficit on the 30t*^*- ' / June, lSiii), to 57,,.'141i")7't).H<.). To ' -T' v ide for the payment of this estimated/ do- i licieilfiV. which will In*. iiif>roiWf?.i: Kv uitnla \ upprc.prii.tiotn* as may bj mmte by Ocr1 \ triv^s, nut intimated tor in the report of tlio Ireasury I lepartmenfr, as well us t> provide Ibr the gradual redemption, from year t> year, ot tlio outstanding treasury noteu-, the' S K'Vri'i'.v-f I'v 'l\v?'ivMivv "!UlCMcic lldl n revision of the present tariil'uH will raise the required amount. After what I have ;ihviidy said, I need scarcely add that I v' concur in the opinion expressed in his re- l port?that the public debt should not be \ increased I v an additional loau, and would' therefore strongly urge; upon Congress tho | iimy oi mauiiiu, at tlieir present session, the :tocessary pjoviisiou for meeting tbeso-' I V liabilities. The public debt of tbe 1st July. I8?"i.s. tlio iviuimencemcnt of the present Usual year, was 1 /j77. During the first quarter of the present your, the sum of $1->.000,000 has been negotiated of the loan authorized by t':c net oP t 1 1th of June. 18->8?making the pieseut out-* -' "v. ? standing public debt, exclusive of treasury notes, -I'-it*. lo j.'>77 ki(>. There was on the 1st >luly, l.s,">f<, of treasury notes issued by au icurn v OI IIU" (1CI 01 I H'C'lHlld' - >, I fit) I, UtltCiloonuvl, tliu sum of$K>,7f>-l 800?making tho ' iimonut of nctiTiil hnJobtodiies.H, at (lint Onlo,! * >1,010,777 00; 'I'o this will Jio a<Mo<l $10,- ' ~ >00,000 during tlio ]>ropoht iiwal yeat*?t!iis ImiilK t lie HMii:iiiiin<; half of the luun ol$-0f" JOOjOOO not vet iio^utalcd. The raj.-id ineiva.^o of tho f.aldiu uobt, V ,* ?ml tlio ncccsMty which exists fot a mo(tt- 3 Heat ion of the tariff, tgmcetcven tho or- ' . ilinary expanses of tho governiitont, ought' $;' toadiiiowi.sli us all, in our respective sphcrcM'ftf dulv. to tllO nfiU't ii'P fit' rioiil nm>iiAi\n! ? '? ^3* v . ( * *|"? * V* vvv?UUMIT. ' The objects of expenditure tslu.uUl be liu.io'd in number, as fhr as thin may bo prootV1. 'JSjffi'.i i-ublc, and t'ao appropriation* luecuMiry tj ^dflj 3.1 rry them into otl'oct, mi^bt to bo di; buried under the student accountability. 04 lightened economy dois not comsii-t in tho' refusal tQ appropriate. money for consiitu ' tioual pnr]n??<s, Cfsonti..) to the defence,*, [ nyircsa, and prosperity of.the republic.' ill tukinil' flare llifit. imnn i?f (liio n-OI fiotMfl o - , ' Pcn?on, khalt V?c vrusted by wwni????,^oni<'.n*^JnBVyi tt iirplication to the obj'ectyt dcM^HWndny in Jnnun*'on.i"arjB9tjii1?ftwfen tb* Httiwnt M lWnt<* jnu^t >I\b nroscVt time, ?u?l wjint ling deinnnd? will iwottty vi'ftrn hijo. i"1? nhoptoO f'H'd. bj' !li^ day. Tlier;tpid increase Of ortv count*"}' in 'OS", Adm**. v>ik1?vh n TO.rHpom{i?r>t -V ? ,'d: of t K)*un<Ulur?, to ?$ro?. cxUP.t, tu.nvmO..^><, < .v,n..ii|C new OUJCCt* Of 'JB&i \ V ?>cnditure, ami u.gtucMing tl:? amount roo>^fegWB. red for ihnold. l'ho true <|i.e*tionH then, have these objects been vun?? itutfiy tolled ? or, hnt> tJiQ amount ?xp*?de<i u!''" %9H| u'.l of their, bcin larger k|