Keowee courier. (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, August 16, 1850, Image 1
r
" TO THINK OWN Rtl.F CU TRCE, AND IT MIST FOLLOW, A8 TllK NltiflT TIIK DAT, TIIOC CAN'bi NOT TIIKN UK TAl.Hr. VO ANV MAN."
VOL. 2. PICKENS COURT HOUSE, S. C., FRIDAY, AUGUST 10, 1850. NO 1#
Tnrrr-in i mi? i n Tmmrj- . i -j?rf. i n r m r iw. 1 t- .,' ML^i^>-*-u-..u>,.^
Ttiji
JKUOWEP* COURIER,
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P?L a ir' ii? & |U_
IMPORTANT LETTER FROM j
GOVERNOR BELL, . j
To the Senators and Representatives i
from Texas* in the United States ;
Ctmgress relatiw to the Santa Fe
Question.
STATE OF TEXAS.
Executive Department, ?
Austin, June 13, 1850. \
Hon. Senators and Representatives j
/* m - ?
from J ex as, in the Congrexs of
the United States:
Gcntlemon?It is with solicitude an 1 .
pain that I announce to you the oftorts
at presents going forward by
deluded men, to sever from the State
a large portion of territory situated
upon her Northwestern limits. This
intelligence I have just received in
full and satisfactory shafie from the
Special Commissioner, who was appointed
by authority of the Legislature
at its last .session, lpnvimr nr>
doubt upon the mind of the Executive
of a settled determination by
the people of Santa Fe to form at
once a separate Slate Government
in utter disregard of our rightful
boundary. And there is no less
doubt from the statements of ihe
Commiss'er (who has executed his
trust in a most worthy manner) of
Ihd inhabitants of that district having
received, and are still receiving
in the fulfilment of their plans, aid, |
ih'slli'iiriirtA mvl C...? I
vii>'WUKi^ciiir/iii ii Will
the United States forces stationed at
Santa Fe, who, for some time past,
have exercised civil and military jurisdiction
in that portion of the State.
UngVacious and harsh as this announcement
sounds upon our ears,
yet it comes with the lull impress of
truth, and brings along with it, I assilve
you, all the angry excitement
and Civil forohrulinrrc! w!?S/?V?
1.I..VI. UHMIJTO
precede the do term! nod spirit of an
outraged people to redress their
wrongs when and wherever offered.
'Unpleasant as it is, it docs not come
unanticipated. In my general message
to the Legislature of December
26th, *849, I had tho ljonor to
state in reference to that portion of
territory embracing Santa Fe?"That
the course pursued by the Federal
Government within the last eighteen
months, had been such as to give
I 1 A t tio ? '
. .v, ?,.y Miw.H nuiimn ct}){)reiieusions
that they are disposed tacitly
to yield to any effort which maybe
made to wrest it from us. The total
silence observed in rcjxn.nl to the
Resolutions of the 20th March, 1848,
and the law passed at the same session
of the Legislature for organizing
the Cf>uny of Santa Fe. The
continuance of tliei. civil and milita
ry government within the limits of
our territory when no longer required
for the purpose for which it was
established, and the failure amounting
to a refusal to give instructions
to officers in command of that dopart
lo recognize and respect the au
thorites of the Slate in discharge of
the u.ities assigned them, indicate
but loo strongly a careless indifference
to our rights, if theV do not go
furihef, and manifest a disposition toj:
? '?
luiiy iu uwrogaru uiern*
Recent events with which you .can
becorh'" A^ell advised from the information
Ahicb is herewith transmitted,
endorse the opinions therein exposed,
placing Injyond the roach of
speculation or doubt the disposition
and view* entertained by the Federal
Government t6frards us, and exhibiting
clearly the unfriendly attitude
of trie people of Santa Fe.
^^??eiorc emering upon hjfc proper;
thities, tlidfSpecial Commissioner referred
to, received from the Executive
full nnd ample instructions to Himet
hint > ivndinpr a civil or/r
nation to he counties of I*r<
*El I
tfftr^rected to explain with 0^31
care and in a manner most conciliatory
to the inhabitants there, the carses
which had operated to prevent an
earlier ovtension to them of the
benefits of the Constitution and Luws
of (he State, and to explain also as
far as opportunity allowed, the particular
leaturc3 of each, as applicable
to U.eir position and circum
siunces.
Tn the county of El Passo, hismis
sion was marked with signal success,
and in a snort period a complete
organization was effected, and there
is every assurance that equal success
would have attended the efforts of
the Commissioner in the counties of
Presidio and Worth, with a sufficient
military escort, which was rendered
necessary from the large number of
hostile Indians who roam unrestrained
through that country.
But the cnusesin Santa Fe, active
and powerful and adverse to the iust
claims of our State, which worked '
defeat to the Commissioner, are ol
unite a different character, worthy of
tho ErrflVPSt WMIsiflnrotlhti Imrnltili.
o Ikiivil) IIIY Ul* ill^
as lliey do, living and essential principles,
important not only to the parties
immediately concerned, but to all
who are interested in the maintainnnce
of its original meaning and
purity of the integrity of a sovereign
State.
This unfortunate issue between
the Stale and a portion of its inhabitants
for several years menaced, has
at length assumed a definite and determined
character and in my judgment
calls for the immediate exer?:
?r a., c ? ? ...
Vioc ui iin; mice and emcacy winch
our Constitution and Laws were intended
to confer. It was to have
been calculated that difficulties arising
within a State of the Union, no
matter from what causes, would
have been to the General Government
a subject interesting enough to
claim its interposition ana kindest officers
for their adjustment. But in
this instance, instead of exercising \
parental care and vigilance over the |
interest of the youngest member of
the Confederacy, she has stepped
forward with the confident, supercilious
air of p?nver, erecting1 herself
into an umpire, claiming privileges
and benefits appertaining to Texas
from llie dear bought sacrifices which
she has made to obtain them, and
heretofore awarded to them by the
moot solemn guarantees. Is this, allow
me to ask, one of the boasted
particular benefits of the Union ?
And is this a foretaste of what we
may hereafter expect from a common
guardian! 1'his is truly the
protection that the wolf gives to the
lamb "covering and devouring.'1?
C..?U '
uu<.;ii a wuim: oiicu sanctioned would
leave us recreant to the trust confided
to us, leading as it would to the destruction
of an important Constitutional
principle; and J assert it with
pride and confidence, that the State
of Texas is net prepared to acquiesce
in a doctrine at once absurd and
dangerous. To oppose it by aH
proper and legitimate means, becomes
her for her own security, and
possessing kindred sentiments and
interests with her sister Statos, it is
alike due to their preservation to repudiate
it, as a wild, extravagant
nil/1 * A ' '*
ivu 14 ci%bi\ji iauu uribuiiij)iiun oy I IlO
Bxrcutive Department of the Government.
The slumbering patriotism
of the enhn and sober-minded
pioneers of the country lias been re
Kindled by the wound about to be inflicted
upon State pride, and this
manifest attempt it usurpation of
State right*.
This effort for supremacy recently
so clearly indicated by the U. States
authorities at Santa Fe, can only
have the unhappy effect of disturbing
the harmony, good feelings and
.. UUKIII W I3A*
ist between the confederacy and all
of its m mbers. It can exact no
true homnge or respect any where,
and it will never 'fid obedience here.
Nor is it intended that it shall in the
least degree impair or take away the
State's claim to sovereignty and jurisdiction
over the country in controversy.
It at least becomes us to
assume a just, lofiy and honorable
attitude before our sister States,
whpsc interests assimilated to our
own, arc likely to be atYected favor
uuty or oinorwise, according as tho
issue mry come out of tho important
<jueciv>n now bo decided. It is
expected that tho State of Texas I
will use the neccssajry means to ex- i
fleeted that the State of Texas will
uri the necessary means to extend .
her civil jurisdiction co-extensive
with her proper limit* JDuty and
Z3L.. ? x. ^r.r 1
V?v "wvuu^f!, nercW'
require it, hor honor demands
.?,? ?MictaJ by mt Mh to her '
croijilnis. ltiose Firjtfe h?ve Keen
veiy clQnvly aod ?u the most cxpres*
J
sine manner defined by the sword,
successfully maintained by the same
instrument, and confirm-. r\ to us by
the most enlightened natio.w. The
solemn compact of Union must now
shield them from all encroachments
come from what quarter they may.
jut.a ii noi ?o lorgotten, that chivalry
and dating gave both to the Texas
Revolution, which by sacrifice an'1
valor, has been the mean? of adding
to the United States an empire of
territory. Does this entitle us to no
considerations? and shall Texas now
be forccd to the humiliating dilemma
of asking either gratuities or
boons? She does not aslc them. She
will not ask them. Nor yet even any
abatement of the severe rigors of i
the nositions in which ie !
placed by the unkind action of the
Federal Government.
But she does not withdraw her
confidence in the justice of the General
Government, and reposing for a
moment upon thai confidence, she
now asks of that Government no
longer to intervene any obstacle to
the claim of Texas to the soil and
iiirisflirlinn nvpr nil tl,o Tnvi>i)n?r .
j ? ~ ? ??wi j "C"
clared within her rightful boundary
at the consummation of annexation,
and in which was embraced Santa
Fe.
The hope is still entertained that
the Government at Washington will,
when informed in the most positive
and unqualified manner, of the fixed
determination of the State to maintain
integrity inviolate by enforcing
its laws over every part thereof, be
visited with a returning sense of right,
and issue without any delay, to the
officers commanding at Santa Fe,
such orders as will cause imriicdiate
cessation of Civil Jurisdiction in that
portion of this State; and with this
view 1 have to request that the Honable
Delegation from Texas will immediately
wait uoon his Excellenev
, J
the President, and respectfully represent
that the State ot Texas does
not recognise any right or authority
in^he Executive or any other branch
oJi^e Governme t, longer to continue
Civil or Military Government i
at Santa Fe, or any other portion of
the State, and to demand tliat all instructions
heretofore existing for the
maintenance of such Government l>e
revoked; and further, that the troops
in the service of the U. States, occupying
that portion of the frontier of
Texas be rcauired to employ themselves
ftrictly in the discharge of
tlmir nmrniwicitn
tuic liiiuiui y uuut/9*
If it is the policy of the Govern J
moot not to aid a sovereign State
with her troops in its efforts to bring
under subject to its laws a refractory
population, she is at least required to
observe a strict non-interference.?
This State will endeavbr properly t'?
look to the movements of ncr citizens
occupying the quarter alluded
to, but she would willingly be saved
the trouble of combating the open
and the secret influences exerted
there, brought about mainly, as it is
understood, by the policy and directions
of the Executive I ranch of tho
General Government.
The Proclamation of Col. Monroe,
commanding at Santa Fc, of the '
zaa 01 April last, would seem to establish
this position beyond the possibility
of a rational doubt. If, how*
ever, this individual has so far transcended
his orders (which cannot be
supposed) as to nroinulge this most
remarkable Proclamation, it will be
a matter for congratulation to our
State nnd its citizens generally, as
there has alwntfslwon ro?? ?? ???
?
luctance to view the United States in
the light of an adverse claimant.
It is worse than useless, gentlemen,
for mo to trespass on your time
and patience in nringing forward
proofs to establish tho boundary of
Texee. Our delegation in Congress,
faithful to their trusts in this respect,
ah/1 MUIK -* Ll ' " 1 *
tmu nuio hi uiu iiiiiiiiier 01 uischargin/frit,
have convinced even the reluctant,
and given firmness to the
wavering. The rights of Texas to
extend her civil and political organisation
over every portion of her tertorry,
as proclaimed in her Law of
Limits of 1836, is considered perfect,
and cannot be yielded without coinpromitting
her integrity. She has
patsotl nr/,p her claim, looking to the
princip^/of right as contradistinguished
to one of force; and that this
urourament is just, it is only necessnRary
to recur to the opinions of enlivenedhations,
who have already,
with groat unanimity, rendered ^
judgment in our favor.
In ass u mi rg this position, so manifestly
just, it is ^vith dye deference
and profound respect for the Government
of the Union, and in urging with
firmness and constancy our elnini to
the territory in (question, no multi
or imaingpe
.
Federal Government are intended to !
be put forth. It' is true that the pow
ers and resources of the Slate must
now he employed for extending her
jurisdiction to her remotest limits,
nut no conflict with the General Government
is desired or intended, and
if in the record of subsequent events
connected with this subject any stain
shall be made thereon, it shall not
Fall, if possible, on the page of our j
State's history, hut expunging from
it every feature not marked by propriety
and justico, we will endeavor
to pass it with pride and pleasure to
those who have assimilated interests
and feelings with our own.
In any conflict with the Federal
Government, which is not anticipa
*,?,i -ii 1 '
u.u, uuu wiiiuii hii would aepreeate,
Texas is fully sensible of its power,
dignity, and greatness, and of her
own wc akness. But this consideration,
it is to be honed, will nevei influence
her counsels or her people to
surrender her sovereign attributes;
and though conscious of her physical
weakness, with justice on her side,
she is led to believe that her moral
strength would be her shield.
In urging the General Government
to abstain from any encroachments
upon her territorial limits, Texas can|
not bo considered importunate. Much J
toil and manv sacrifices framed for '
her Independence as a Republic, and
v hen she yielded her nationality to j
the Union, she did not expect that
Union to absorb every thing valuable
that was hers, for she believed it was
i mphatically, a Union of the power
ana resources of the two Republics.
To curtail her limits, is to deprive
her of a portion of her wealth, to say
nothing of high political considerations
which cannot in these turbulent times
be too much guarded. Texas honestly
and truly believes that the Rio
Grande to its whole extent is her
t i ?
lignum nummary one earned her
Hag to the lower aiul middle Rio
Grande, and actually established it.
there, and, left untrammelled and
even unaided, was perfectly prepared
and would soon have conquered her
boundary to its whole extent. Tex,
sighs for, and really requires tran'
quilhty; but if she loves peace, she !
hates dishonor. With the inhabitants j
of Sanle Fe, I consider the issue is !
clearly and distinctly made, and if in j
like manlier with the Federal Government,
ii is greatly to be regretted
but it will not change our course, j
Texas knows her rights and will 1
mniniuin (liom mII ~. , i
Miv.ua *v (ill U11 I IIV* Illl~UII/> I
which (Jod and nature have given
her.
The Constitution and laws of the
State indicate to me my duly too
plainly to be misunderstood. I shall
not be behind it, but will at cnce cm-,
bloy the power and resources which
they confer to secure complete jurisdiction
over that portion of our State,
which a misguided and refractory
population are endeavoring to ?ever.
I will not trouble you further, gentlemen.
than lo nftlc from vr>n. n<a ! ?#?
guardians of the honor and interest of
the State, at the Capital, that aid
and hearty. co-operat ion, now so necessary
to secure her against the evils
and sinister influences which assail
her.
1 cannot conclude, however, with-;
out expressing that deep feeling of
profound love and devotion for the
Union which is so universally felt by
the citizens of our State, and I am
sure that 1 cannot on this subject
better convey the public sentiment
than to reiterate the language wich
I had the honor publicly to express j
on a previous occasion. "We Willi
always endeavor to do our duty to i
the L iiioii. This is an obligation and
it implioft reciprocity." "Too just to
invade the rights of others, we will
be too proud to surrender our own."
With the highest esteem and respect,
I have the honor to be, gentlemen.
Your nro.it obedient servant,
P. H. BELL.
Resistaxce is the Senate.?The
correspondent r>f the Mercury give3
us the following gratifying intelli
gdricc"
"The bill for 1he admission of California
will not bo permitted to pass I
the Senate without resistance? and
that of the sternest and most determined
character. The friends of the
South in that body feel it their duty
to oppose and obstruc t the aggressive
rrtehsurcs of tho majority by all
I the m rihs which are a^orcled by the
j rules offegislation? and by these properly
applied and resolutely persisted
I in liik -i" 1
** v ui itiiy uwttsure can ihj
delayed until the day of doom. To
those 1 who profess devotion to the
South, While they arc terrified at the
idem of disunion, this course, no doubt,
Will be ^ladty embraced, aa it will
prcsciit itn opportunity of peaceful
yel effectual resistance, by which
they may protect the South and preserve
the Union. A sufficient number
ol Senators have already solemnly
pledged themselves to this course to j
render it effectual, and if the effort to }
admit California with her present i
boundaries is persisted in, you may I
expect a protracted session, and a I
struggle unexampled in our legislative
history."
! he Mercury, in remarking on its
Washington letter, says*.
lklt is evident now that we can
have no half-way measures. The
South must defend herself, or be
trodden under foot. Mr. Clay has
unqualifiedly denounced the whole
doctrine of Stale Rights and Slate
sovereignty; has avowed and repeated
over and over that the States have
no right in any case to resist the legislation
of Congress; that such resistance
of a State is of no higher character,
and to be treated by the Federal
Government with no more respect,
than an insurrection of a county,
or an outrage upon the laws by
individuals. These declarations of
H/T_ /~?l '
i?xr. v/iay were receivea Willi sliouts
of applause from the galleries, and
have, so far, callell forth the general
approval of his friends. Consolidation,
Abolition and the Bayonet are
now emblazoned on the banner of
the Anti-Southern party. Is it not
time, then, lor decisive measures?"
? mm m
Hit him again.?The Washington
correspondent of the Evening
News, in speaking of Senator Foote,
says:
"Mr. Foote appears to thrive with
the heat, for he waxes more vigorous
every day, and when he expatiates
on the temeritv of you South Carolinians
in daring to think for yourselves,
he is truly sublime. It is a
iw? ...i- - 4- 'i??
|>u_y in; uuuo HUl Icll-U IU IIIU SlUgUt ilS
such a ) olitical salamander would
command almost any price. Barhum
would be in cxstacies at the prospect
of getting him for his museum."
Trying it Again.?The correspondent
of the Evening News, writing
from Washington on Saturday
says:
"There being in the House an admitted
majority in favor of the ComKromise
bill, it is expected that it will
e introduced into that body 011 Mon- (
day, so that on its going to the Sen
ate there will he another opportunity
for certain gentlemen, if they are sufficiently
nenitent, to retrace their
steps. All this, however, will take
time, for it cannot be supposed that
such a measure can pass through the
House without at least a month's
debate. Jt is now positively stated
that Mr. Fillmore is in favor of the
measure.
North Carolina Election.?
Telegraphic despatches have been
received in Washington announcing
thatReid (Dem.) has gained on Manlv
1,000 votes over last election.?
Iteid, we understand, is a Southern
man out and out. Manly was a Clay
rnmnrnmKA innn I?n/\ni?U onU
1 ? 'v ?**? juuuu^ii oaiu?
[Carolinian.
President op the Bank.?At a
meeting of the Directors of the Bank
of the State of South Carolina, held
on Monday, the 5th inst., C. M. Furman,
Esc;., was unanimously elected
President of that institution.?Carolinian.
Manufacturing Company.?We
observe with pleasure and gratification
in our advertising columns this
morning, a notice of application for
a charter of a manufacturing company
in this niact*. rYtiin fhn rhnr.in
ter of some of the gentlemen cannected
with the enterprise we have the
utmost confidence in the success of
the scheme, and from the facilities
abounding on all sides of up, there
can be no doubt but that, it will well
remunerate the stockholders.
There are more wavs of fighting
the North than one. Cotton spindles
aud looms in every town and favorable
locality will wake her citizens up
to the fact that we have some resources
and capital left. They will begin
to understand that whilst we can
justly boast of the patriotism of our
citizens in repelling political wrongs,
we havo also witlnn us the means of
independence, m producing ofor own
supplies. We heartily wish this and
every other mode of strengthening
our arms at the present time the most
abundant success.
[South Carolinian.
1 - ? ? ?
Great Caves.?A summer tourist
writing from Sharon Springs, to the
New York Journal ol Commerco,
gives a description of twp caves of
great size, near Schoharie Court!
Vw<; C??UU
*
Howe's Cave, situated about 17 milf.fl
from the Springs, and five from the
Schoharie Court House, has been explored
to a deptli of seven miles
through limestone rock, and contains
a lake, on which is a boat for vis t j s
One portion of this cave is so vas.
that rockets have been sent up and
do not reach the ceiling. The other
cave is called Gebbard sand is about
i 4 r. l n i i
juur nines casi 01 me acnonane v>ouri
House. It has been explored to a
distance of five miles. This also is
said to have a lake, and an apartment
315 foot in diameter. Pure white
alabaster has been found in it. Howe's
cave was discovered in 1812 by a Mr.
Iiowe, who has now a hotel near it.
[From the Charleston Couria\]
GOVERNORS OF SOUTH
CAROLINA.
Messrs. Editors:?in your paper of *
Wednesday, a list of the Governors
of South Carolina appears, copid from
the Fairfield Herald. The enumeration
is correct' from the year 1784,
B. Guerard, Governer; but the list
is not complete, and in some respects
it is inaccurate. Rutledge was not
Governor in 1792. The oHice was
filled by Mathews. Henry Middleton
and not Drayton, was Governor
in 1810 -12. The first Congress of
South Carolina assembled at Charles
towr, on Wednesday, 1st. November,
1775, and remained in session
until 528th March, 1770. On that
clay the first Constitution was adopted.
The 1st clause, (for there were
no articles then,) provides that this
Congress being full and free representation,
&,c., shall hereafter he
called the General Assembly of South
Carolina.
The 2d provides, That the General
Assembly and the Legislative
Council shall out of their own body
plp.rf liv n T .nrrivl'ilivo P.nnn.
- ~J - -ciI
of 13 members, &c.
The 3d provides, That the General
Assembly and the Legislative
Council shall out of their own body,
or among the people at large, elct a
President and Commander m Chief,
and a Vicc President oi the Colony.
1 Stat. 130.
Under this clause, John Ru'ledge
was chosen President, (l)'b duties
were those of a Governor and he
was commonly so styled,) a??d Henr."
Laurens was elected Vice President.
The corrected list of our Republican
Governors, as they were styled*
in contradistinction to the Royal
Governors, will then be as follows:
John Rutledge 1775-0
Rawlins Loundes 1777-8
John llutledge 1779-1780-81
John Mathers 1782-3
Benjamin Gueraid 17S4-5
William Moultrie 1785-7
Thomas Pinekney 1787-9
Charles Pinekney 1788-92
Arnoldus Vanderhorst 1792-4
William Moultrie 1794-0
Charles Pinekney 1790-8
Edward Rutledge 1798-1800
John Drayton 1800-2
J. B. Richardson 1802-4
Paul Hamilton 1804-6
CI arles Pinekney 1806-&
John Drayton 1808-10
Henry Middleton 1810-12
Joseph Allston 1812-14
n w w:u:* ion ii?
?? jiiiciii 10 iOl4*lU
Andrew Pickens IBiG-Io
John Geddes 1818-20
Thomas Bennett 1820-22
J. L. Wilson 1822-24
R. J. Manning1 1024-20
John Taylor 1826-28
S. D. Miller 1828-30
James Hamilton, Jr. 1830-32
R. Y. Havno 1832-34
George McDufne 1834-30
P. M. Butler 1836-38
Pat rick Noble 1838-40J.
P. Richardson 1810-42
J. II. Hammond 1842-44
William Aiken 1844-46
David Johnston 1846-48
W. B. Seabrook 1848-50
The writer of this has seen in the
records of the Senate, the original
speech of John Rutlodge to the legislature.
In that duv, addresses
were delivered to the two Houses,
instead of messages; according to the
custom still preserved in Great Britain.
The Governor's speech is a
document of great strength and eloquence;
and i (presented to the world
could not fail to add the reputation
of an eloquent orator, to the fattier
won by its author as an eminent jurist
and most ardent natriot. it m? y
Imj in my pov. or to lay before your
readers some extracts from tins prtKr,
which 1 -.in inrlurt$U has never
. '.mi seen, but by his contemporaries;
and a few who are fond of rum
'Vgintf into thfcsodust covered memorial#
of the past<(V.
**
"t - m