Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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A '?! I * I , The cords that b?< d the ?> tales togeth" ??r aro not only many, but various in char*cter. Some are spiritual or ccclesiasti, eal; some political; others social. Somt M appertain to the benefit conf -rred by th< " Union, and others to the feeling of dutj j aad obi gation. , L The strongest of those of a spiritual nnc |Jf ecclesiastical nature, ( insisted in the un; | ty of the great religious denominations, al W?: of which originally etnl raced the wliol< By Union, All these denominations, witl W ? *' ? v?c cxccptton, perhapa^JT the Catholics V; w?r? organized verymucli upon the prin %ijple ofour political institution**, b'jgin tring with smaller meetings, correspond Ing with the political divisions of the coun try; their organization teiminntcd in on< great central assemblage, corresponding cry much with the character of (-ongres: At those meetings the principal clercv men and lay members of the respect iv< denominations from all part of the Unioi . met, to transact business relating to thci | common concerns. It was not confinet to what appertained to the doctrines an* * j discipline of the respective denominations but. extended to plans for dissemina'.inj the Bible, sending out missionaries, dis tributing tract*, and establishing prcsse for the publication of tracts^ (religious inform ation, and i $ ' *fiMion. nod, contribute* -eatly J^WF^jen the bonds of th k- - gt? tich winch held end Union.'-*>? <k-e*wgfether formed ti stronj denomination ><*>vS/iole Union together cord to h(rt<J the w*' 0t 7,ere, they lmv. but, ns powerful ns they m^vo clTec not been able to resist the expiosi.u..., cn of the slavery agitation. The first of these cords which ennppet under its explosive force, was that of th powerful Methodist Episcopal Churcl The numerous and strong ties which hel it together are all broke, and its unit gone. They now form separate churclu and, instea I of that feeling of attachmei and devotion to the interest of the who' Church which was formerly felt, the nro now arrayed into two hostile bodi< engaged In liti 'ation about what was fo merly their common property. The next oord that snapped was tin of the Baptists, one of the largest an most respectable of the denomination That of the Presbyterian is not entfrel snapped, but some of il? str.nds ha\ given avav. That ?ef the Episcop; Church is the only one of the four grei Protestant denominations which reman unbroken and entire. The stronjaji'st cord of a political cha notor, ? vnoiato of many fluwl strong tl< that have held together the two grei parties which have, with some modiflici tions, existed from the beginning of tl Government. They both extended every portion of the Union. * nd strontr' . t , ' (9 contributed to hold all 1's parts lonrefbe But this powerful cord ha9 fared no he ter than the spiritual. It resisted for long time the explosive tendency of tl agitation, but has finally snapped und( its force?if not entirely, in a great men ure. Nor is there one of the romainir cords which have not been greatly weal ened. To this extent the Union has a ready been destroyed by agitational) i1 only way it can be, by snapping nsund< and weakening the cords which bind it t< gcther. If the ngitation goes on, the same fore nntinff nil.ti in(<raaui'l infflncitir ? a ...VV.W.VJ, r.D 111 been shown, will finally snap every cor< when nothing will He left to hold tl -?? ?n ?- ?? }yf that can, with no propriety of Jm guage, he c?ll?d a Union, wheu the on1 means by wlvch the weaker is held coi nected with the stronger portion is fore It may, indeed, keep them connects but the connection will partake muc more of the character of subjugation, c the part of the weaker to the sironge than the union of free, independent ar sovereign States, in one Federal Unioi as the}' stood in the early stages of tl: Government, and which only is worth of the sacred nnme of Union. Having now, Senators, explained wh> it is that endangers the Union, and trace it to its cause, and explained its natm nnd character, the question again recuri How can the Union be saved? To this nnswer. there h but one way bv which cnn ho. nnd that i?. by^dgjiUpcf sue nvmuros ah will satisfy tiflHWbelnr.<j remain in ihifeJInlonjJpn?w*nt1v wit their honor t|M lb**"" ?wf<?t<v. There! nor tin, onlvfioc. wiv bv whirl) thnt. can ti effected, ?nd that. h hv removing thj^au* es by which tin* belief h<v* beoii lBxlci cod. Doth it, r??id diaonntent will'<?en*? barman v nnd kind feelingr* botwoon th flection* he ron??r#>d. nnd every npnrehnr nion of d rn^er to ?he TTnion ho remove"5 The question, then, i*. by what enn thi be done? Rut, before I undertake L" tw utrer thin question. T propose to show b whnt the Uniort ennnof. bo snved. Tt. cannot,, thon, be Raved bv eulojQfio on the Union, however, nplondid or mi MAmn? Tim ??H a# /itT.J-.- 1T_: ? I I y VI \H?nvily UlllWII: !' ;/ W.' : ; . : M.;; ... ' .' Av, lb; mm**1*PpML> * . I not much less than a majority of the i States, it will be In vain to attempt to con ciliate them by pronouncing eulogies on i it. > Besides, this cry of Union comes com* ' monly from those whom we cannot believe to be sincere. It usually comes I from ou assailants. But we cannot be hove them to be sincere; for, if they 1 i loved the Union, they would necessarily i I be devoted to the Co?mtS?ntin? i> I . . ~ Av fiioui; i the Union, and to destroy the ConstUu, tion would be to destroy the Union. But - the only reliable and certain evidence of - | devotion to the Constitution, is, to nb ; stain, on the one hand, fiom violating it, - : nnd to repel, on the other, all attempts to 3 I vjolat it. It is only by faithfully pcr* i forming these high duties v. . the Constis tution can be preserved, and with it the Union. e But how stands the profession of dci votion to the Union by our assailants, r when brought to the test? Have they 1 abstained from violating the Constitution? 1 Let the many ac s passed by the Northi, ' ern States to set aside and annul the ' 5 emus** oj tlie Constitution providing for - tlve delivering up of fugitive Jnves, ans swer. I cite this, not that it is the only 9 kttfetnnce, (for there art- many other?,) hut ?8ilicause the violation, in this particular, of the Constitn.ion is tuo notoiiousand j palpable to be denied. -/Jcjain. have th?y , i stood forth faithfully to ?pe< violations j e of the Constitution? L$t their course in j li , reference to the agitti$bn of the slavery 1 r question, which was commenced mid car- ' ; /ted on for fifteen years, avowedly for s die purpose of abolishing slavery in tfce t ?:m object nil i vvuneoiv , o; , [ pitiftrt'Ttr, Trv-mtrfold, is nol nt Hi! w , i Stitutioniil?answer, 1-el them show a , 1, single instance, during this U)ng period, e in which thev have denounced ilu> nir ?~~ "<5 i i. ltntors or tneir attempts to effect what is d admitted to be unconstitutional, or a sin- j v gle mfensure which they have brought for- . % ward for that purpose. How can we, it with all these facts bvf ?re up. believe that; lo : tHey are sincere?? thctfr profession (( dey votion to the 'Jnion, or avoid believing ! ?V' their profes^.on is but intended to inr J crease the vigor of their assaults, and to i | weaken the force of our resistance? it I Nor can we regard the profession of | id devotion to the Union, on part of those i s, I #rJ\o are not our a?sadanU-.. as sincere, I I ? il ? ? y wuvji tncy pro?ow?ce euiogies upon tne j e Unioo, widen Uy with the intent of charg- | al ing ua *4tl? disunion, without uttering ! \t one word of denunciation against our asis SHiliinta. If friends of the Union, their .course should be to unite with us in rer pelling these assaults, nnd denoun;ing js . the authors as enemies to the Un on.? i\t | Why they avoid tlus, and pursue the n- course they do, it is for them to explain, j ie j Nor can the Union he saved by invoto i king the nan>e of the illustrious Soutlyn-' |y ner whose mortal remains repose on the * , western bank of the Potomac. Ite was t- one of us?a slaveJiolder and a jjjanter. a Wo have studied his histoiy, and find ie nothing In it to justify submisojr.n to sr wrorg. On tlie contrary, his great fame s- resin on ino hoim lounuauon, mat, while ig ho was careful to avoid doing wrong to k- others, ho was prompt ?nd decided in re1 pcJling wroog. I itr^st that, in tihis resve nect, we have profited by his example, ar Mor?an we find anything in his history j. to deter ue from seceding from the Union, iihoirid it fail to fulfil the (Objects for which c, it was instituted, by being permanently is wad hopelessly converted into the means rl, of oppressing instend of protecting us. je Un the contrary, we find much 111 Im e* %- L-.-l J a- forced totiie extremity of decjdiog be|y twoen submission And disunion. There i- existed then, as well as now, a union? c. that between the parent country and her tl; then colonies. It was a union that had ih much to endear it to the people of the col >n onies. Under its protecting and s-uperr, intending care, the colonies wore planted id and grew up ftrrd prospered through a n, long series of years, uu?il they became K) populous and wealthy- Its benefits were iy not tomited to them. Tlwiir -extensive agricultural and other proiluotions, g>*ve lf birth to a ftonish commerce, winch riclij ly rewarded ibe parent country for llic j ,e trouble and expense of establishing and , protecting them. Wasn.ngton was born, T and a^ew up to manhood fcnder that ! j"t utiioft, He rteqrsrrod tfe earty distinch Hon in its *<6rvire, and tfeere ?-every reafm son to believe Unit he *rm devotedly ntn tnchedtoit. But his devotion *rna aim-! I( liontd one. He w is attached, net a? nn | end. but as a means to nn end. When it, ^ failed to fulfil its end, And instead of | ntT<irdtio^ protection, was converted into j h the means of oppressing the colonies; he j , did not heflit xte to draw his swoTd, and head the great movement, "by twhich that ' union wa? forever severed, and the inde- | ? pendence of the.?o States established. ; ^ rli'w was the great arid crow nine; glory of ! his life, which h*is sprend his fame over the vrho4e, and witt transmit it 10 the latest posterity. a Nor can 'ho plan proposed by the <Hs1 tipguiahed Senator from Kerrtna&ky, j?or ? that ofikeJUlimriistrationsave the union, t, I shall pass by, without remark, the plan gj Hurraed by ,tho Senator, and proceed -ji j if ffiHy to the -consideration of tha? of .the ,, ;fl&i?ustmtion. I however assure the ; , distinguished and ablo Senator, that in \ tR^in^ this course, no disrespect whatev- . y ^r w intended to him or his plan. I hare j adopted it facause so many Senators of distinguished abilities, who were present when he delivered his speech and explain ed hjs plan, and who were fully capable to do justice to the side they support, have replied to him. The plan of the Administration cannot save the Union, because it can have no effect whatever towards satisfying the States composing the Southern section of the Union, that they can, consistently w?u? sr.iety and honor, remain in the Union. It is in fact but a modification of tho Wihnot Proviso. It proposes to effect the same object?to exclude the South from nil territory acquired by the Mexicnn treaty. It is* well known that the South is united ngninst the Wiimot Proviso, nnd has committed itself by solemn resolutions, to resist should it be ndopted. Its opposition is not to the name, but to that which it proposes to effect. That, the Southern State hold to be unconstitutional, unjust, incon sistent with their equality as members of the common Union, and calculMcd to destroy irretrievably the eqUilibiium between the two sections. These objections equally apply to what, for brevity, I will call the Executive Proviso. There is no difference between it nnd the Wilmnt P*cPnl in tlin ' , iiiv mum; ui eiux;ijlig llie object, *md in tb?t respect, I must any, that the hitter is much the least objectionable. It goes to its object, openly, boldly nnd distinctly. It claims for Con gi ess unlimited power over the Territories, .awl proposes to assert Hover the territories acquired from jVoxico, by a positive prohibition of slavery. Not so ^he r" t PrtM'ic-n. J* tjiVpn r.? j? - ' jjxOibuuvc a iei#viau^ yuvA.o till indirect course, nnd in order to elude the Wihnot Proviso, nnd thereby ivotd encountering the united and determined resi^micc c?f the South, it denies, by impli^lfiWfejtWk authority of Congress to legisimC^or Xhe territories, nnd claims right as l^ong intr exclusively to the territories. But to effect ?**h0 obje?#*>f excluding the bouth, it takes'tiare, iii tho meantime, of letting in eniJ{A{$its freely, from the Northern Slates ana j,ll ohter qnarters except the South, whleh it takes especial care to exclude, by hftWiVlg up to them the danger of having flfcir '.'^lAves liberated under the Mexican lcvjiyV. .'fhe necessary consenucr.ce is^o exclude the South from tho Territorwjust as eft'octu* ally as would the Wilmot Proviso. The only difference in this res|$|tf, is, thnt what one proposes to effect. directly and onenlv. tho other nrnnrvs.AR to rectly and covertly* Rut the Executive Proviso is more objectionable thiia the Wilmot, in another And more important particular.* The latter, to effect its object, inflicts a dangerous wound upon the Constitution, by depriving the Southern Stales as joint, part ners and owners of the Territories, of tlwii : rights in them; but it inflicts no greater wound than is absolutely necessary to effect its object The former, on the con tiry, while U inflicts the same wound, inflicts others equaJly great, and, if possible; greater, as I shall next proceed tc explain. I In claiming the right 1V>r the inhabit' nuts, instead of Congress, to legislate foi the Territories, in the Executive Proviso it assumes that tho sovereignty of the Territories is vested in the fo. mer, or tc express it in the language used in a reso lution offered by one of the Senators froir Texas, (Gen, ILouston, now absent) "iIk same inherent liglit of self-government rn live people in the State*.M ^lujnpdmp i- unconstitutional, without example, and contrary to the entire practicc w the Government, froir ita commencement to the present time, n? | I shall proceed to show. | The recent movement of individuals in Calif? rniiv to form a Constitution and a 8 til to Govj emment, and to appoint Senators and Jtepre' eonlativcs,is the rfrslfruit of ftliB monstrous assumption. If the individuals, who made thi> movement, had gone into Calfoinia as advcutu i rers, and if, as such, they had conquered the Territroy and established their independence, jlio sovereignty of tho country would have i been vested in them, as a separate and inde(undent community, hi that case, they would ave had -flic right to form a Constitution, and i to establish a govornment for themselves, and if, afterwards, they thought proper to apply to Congress (or admission into ine Union as a 8<rvweigw mid J?jdependci>t St Ate, all this wouUi iiu-ve to i>?taljliJied principles. not (he case. It was flic United States who coWfjiu r ed California," and Anally ncuqircd It by lirettty. The sovereignty, oi" course, is vested in them, and not in the individuals who have attempted to form a Constitution and a State, without tlinii* rnn<pnf All #lii- ! ? j_-_ . ? ...... 10 vuuai, mynt ii controversy, except it enn tw t<howii they have fiinco lost or been divested of Their sovereignty. Nor ih it less olear, tha', the pow6r of legislating over tho acquired territory is vtated in Congress, and not; ?B assumed, in the inhabitants of the Territories. None can deny that the Government of tho Uniied Stateh have tho power 1o ncoiiire Territories, either by war or treaty; but ,1 the power to acquire exists, it belongs to Congrosa to ca ry it into execution. On this point there can be no doubt, for tho Constitution expressly j>rovides, that Congress shall have power 'to make all lawt which shall be necessary and proper to carry into execution tho foregoing powers, (those vested in Congress,) 'and all oU?er powers -vested .by this constitution in the Government of the United Mtatc*. or in any department or officer tfuircof.' It matters not. then: where irfie ? for, if vented At nil in the Government of the United ?taU\ of any of it* department*, or officer*, tho power of o&rrving it into oxebution i? clearly vo*tod in Ctmgrow. Ilut this important provisitm, while H flivmtto CongreM, the power of legiid&tiag .over tho Territories] impose# important reutrictiosn upon its e?to?P^ / aise.by restricting Congress to posnlng lavro necessary and proper for carrying the iwwer into execution. The prohibition extend*. not only to all laws not suitable or appropriate to the object of the power, but also to all that ate unjust, tmotjual, or unfair, for all *uch lawa would be unnecamiry and h?ty>ropcr, and therefore, unconstitutional llaring now established. beyond conir"v?*rsy, that the Korereignty over the 7*crtitoric- is verted in the United States?that is, in the voirctal States composing tlic Union?and that the power of legislating ovor th?mii c*i?ro*?lw vested in Congre<w, it follow.-", that the individuals in California who hare undertaken to form a constitution and a State, and to exercise tho power of legislating without the cotu^nl of Congress, have usurped the sovereignty of the States and the authority of Congrese, and have acted iu open defiance of both. In other words \?hat they have done is revolutionary pndrelol ious in its character, anarchical in Sta tendency, and calculated to lead to the most dangerous consequences. Had they acted from premeditation and design, it would have been, in fact, actual rebellion, but such is not the case. 2'he blame lies much less upon them than upon those who havu induced them to take a course so unconstitutional and dam gcrous. Z'hey have been led into it by language held hero, nnd tho course pursued by the Executive branch of tho Government. I have not seen the an- -er of the Executive | to the calls mad? by Uwj to Houses of Con* j , gross, for information as to the course which it ' took, or the part which it acted, in reference to ' what was done in California* 1 understand tho answers have not yet b en printed. But there , is enough known to justify tlie assertion, that uiusu >11hi proies* to represent and under the authority of tlio Executive, have advised, ! aided and encouraged the movement, which terminated in forming what they called a con- i st'itution and a State. Ucncral kiley, who pro ! fessed to act as civil Governor, called the convention, determined on the number and distribution of the delegates, appoiutcd tune #ud place of its nn*?tjng, was present during the bOShion, and gave itn proceedings his approba- | tion OTSaS^- \tt?yJfife?^WLUujhw- | ity.h.e ought to *. been tried, or at least re p1 ""muled an I ...-avowed. Neither having Jone, the presumption is that Ins ppiturse Ufts gecn approved, This,jof itself, is suJEcieut to Idintify the Executive with him, ntuUo make it rcspon.-ible for them. I touch not the question whether General ltiley was appointed, or rothe instructions under which ho proj tweed to act,from the pi'Aseut Executive or its predecessor. If from tin? former, it would implicate the preceding as well as the present - ldnunistrntiun. 1/uot, the responsibility rests exclusively on the prcfent. I It is manifest from Una statement, that the ! Executiva Department has undertaken to per! form acts preparatory to the meeting of the inI dividuals to form their so-called constitution , and Government, which appertaiu exclusively I to Congress. IndecJ, they are identical in ' many rospects, with the provisions adopted by i Congress, when it gives permission to n territory to form a constitution ami jQovermneut, in , order to be admit ted as a -State- into the JJwion. ((?>!><. ?/l<u clw..vn (I At 4lw> .. ? |? .. PUXMIII ?l.Mk ???v vvumpuvw 1IJ/W1I which the Executive and the individuals in California ncted throughout this whole affair, is unfounded, unconstitutional, mid da'^erous, it ! remains to make a few remarks, in order to ' show that what has been done ia contrary to ' the/entire practise of tho Government frojuiita i cuawncQcevie&t to the present tim?. Fr<W its commencement until the time tfiat Miehigaju was admitted, the practice was miii form. 'JVJvritorial GovejjAuU'Utu wei<u first or' : gonised by Congress. rlMv? Government^ the Uuited States appointed the Governors, J udg, ' en, Secret-oriee, Marshals, and other ofiicej-s, uud the inhabitants of the 7erjituries were r^tusented by legislative bodies, wlvosc acts wore subjected to tho revisions of Congress. This statu of things continued until tho Government ( ! of a Territory applied to Congress to permit its I inhabitants to form a constitution and Govern I - ... -.1 - " uicm, pii |>iuiiiurj li? UUIIil^IDIl llllO 1110 union, The preliminary act to giving permission ww, " to ascertain whether thu inhubiU were suflici, ently numerous to authorize them to be formed , into a (S'Uxic. This was done by taking a census. That being done, and proving su&pi cicnt, perniiss on was gnsutod. J'he act grant2it fixed aU tltf jKcluniuaries?tho time and cciuf holding the couvcutiou, Ui.e quaUCoa? ! tion of thu voNys-estubliahmont of its houndaj rfc*. mid all other measure.-* necossary to be ' | oottied previous to admift ion. 7'lio act giv " | ing permission necessarily withdraws tho bov | nrni(mty uf Uio United States, and leaves tlu > inhabitant? ot tho iiiuijjtm.* ot?i? as free tc i form their constitution and Government, a? were tho original ?tat<j#.nf the Union after they had declared their independence. Ai this stntre. tluvinluiKllnnli <>?' i-? came for the lir>t time a people, in legal anJ J constitutional language. Pjw to <hfr, they were, "by the old iw?t.s>uf OcHWjiress, called iuhab1 ! itnntx, and not people. All thin is perfectly 1 . consistent with the tovereignty of the Unit?J i ; States, with the powers of 6'ongres*, ami with 1 j tho right of a people to self guvermnent. > I Michigan WAS tnf firnt case in which t'.cre 1 | was any departure from the uniform ruin ol acting. Iter's was a very slight departure from established ueago. Tiie ordinance of '87 secured to-her theiight of bectumng n SUite, when *lio should havo (10,000 inhabitants. Owing to xome neglect Congress delayed taking uiu ccnxu*. Jn tlio meantime )?? 'population increased, until it clvAjr'.y exceeded moro tbaii twjo" t-hu .uuinbur wliioli entitled hot* to admix fsion. At this stage ?he formed n constitution and Government without tho census being taV.-nhy tin- United States, ami 6'ongrwa waived tlie onnsoum, ftii there was no doubt eho had moro than a sufficient Jiuiolier 11 entitle ,hor to admission. Mm wfltf-nui Jidtyittod at the first tvessioti nhc ^ppUot^H^^^^Eeoine difficulty rexitcctiug Uic boundary helv/o?)i her ami Ohio. The great ii regularity, jH9|Mfl| bion, took place at tho ne\t coknuio point which can have no possible con with the case of California. . V The irregularities in all other caao^ifttJmvc winco occurred are of a similar natf> e. In all, there existed Territorial Government*, established by Congress, with ofliooor appointed V tho United States. Jn ^U, Uw^urritiMfia' enunent took the lead in ciJAng cop? eniions, and fixing tins prelinii;:arii/Tr*'Pi,r,,?r^ formation ef a conatitutiir ,H, 1"fl,on !?U) the Union. Thoy th? tynftl.oUjjiUjdWnJ#*^11. w>? <?f (Jounce**oyi?(^'V?^'/itor'e;<' nm' vheiwvar Utero was 'wjW''rt[,re frorn Crftablit-hcd usage presumed consent of tVmur^H nBf"ot m 'kfmoco of jt? authority, ^ "K^'ty oftbo UaiIUU Mat** ovar tbe W *?* California Bj/tjiJ^ouOtwUliOHi u< iyj<?,?v * single exam yfi bf/ong# jttpiMlora, for you to decido >mhat part you will aoHn rcforenco to thin iuipr?v?4?ot<jd Uauwujuou. The Executive- ltaa A%* laid &e psjxr purporting to be (lie ConatitutiwJ of California lx'f<rru yon, nud a-*k* you to ndmit her ioto tho Union n? a State; nod the quwtioo k: will you or will you not admit her! It U a grave question, nud there rest* upon you * heavy responsibility. Unto very much, will depend upon your decision If you admit her. t vou endonn nn.f ir(v.i ?"< " *' 4r"' J XIKVIIV1I **? UU IrliRV Iwm been done. Arc you prepared lo do d? F i Are you pro pared lo furrendor your power of legiflaUMV for the Territories; n power exprensIy vested i'ii CoiHjro.ia by tlw Constitution, a? has been fully established? Ci'-n you, coihUtently with your oath to supiwrt flie Constitution, dummuer the power? Are vou prepared to admit that the inhabitants of tlic Territories possess the sovereignty over tlioin, and that any number, more or leu, may claim nny extent of territory they phase; inn^ tain a Constitution and tiovernment, and erect it into a Htate, without arcing your permi.?i<ionf Aroyou inrcpared to surrender the vovcrvigkty of the United State* over whatever territory may be hereafter acquired to the timt -.ulyentut era who may rush into rtf Arc; y.ou prepaied to Burrcudcr virtimlly to Hjjjr*jS^cci^jvc Dispartnicnt, nil the powen wMicti wi have heretofore exercised over tlie Territ.0r.ip4f If nut, how can you consistently with your <U]Ljf jyid your oaths to support li e Constitution, i;i\'tfyourassent to the ndnuMfUgflf CaliforniaMa State, undir a pretondc 1 Const i ll', ion and Government!? ngnui: can you believe tlmt the pro'.cct of a Constitution \v)ijcl> they have adopted, lias the Jewt validity? Can you beliuve that (hero hi sucty (i Stnto m veality as the State of Oaliforuia? ?o; therD Istio such State. It lias no Ifgal or edJfstitutionaT existence. It has 110 validity, &u0l4&&havc none, without your sanction?-. ^ Hfecn" you admit it as a State, when accWdfng^o the provision of tho Constitution, your power is limited to admitting new Slates. To be admitted, it mint be a State, an existing State, independent of your sanction, before you eon admit jt, YV)ien you give y ur penni sicrv to the inhnbi nt<* bf a Territory to form a Constitution and a Stato, tho Constitution and Sta'e they /oru), derive tlieir authority from the people, and not from you. The State before admitted]* octviallv a S'?JJ?vmd does not become | eo bn the act of admission, ns woiM he the ' case with California, shiutd you admit her um ! . - ... trary to constitutional provisions and established usage heretofore. The Senators on the other side of the Chamber must permit me to make a few remarks, in this connection particularly Applicable lotliem, with the exception of a few Senators from t'io South, sitting on that fide of the Chamber. When the Oregon question was beforo this ' body, not two year? sipce, you took (if I mis' take not) universally the ground, a at Congress ( had the sole and absolute power of leg.slating j for the Territories. IIow, then, canyon now, : after t)ie short interval which has elapsed, i abandon the groi n 1 which you tork, and tnere, by thu cby virtually admit that the fflfflcr of legislating, instead of being in Congress, is in the inhabitants o/tho Territoiies ? How can I you justify and ?nncti<nby your votes, the nets i of tne Executive, which aru In direct dcroga| tion to what you then contend for/ But to approach { till nearer to the pre?Ant time, how can you, after Cond.Mmjijig, little more than'a I year since, tlio grounds taken hy the party J which you defeated at the last election, wheel i round and support hy ypui vo'oi tlio grounds which, us explained r*>c.cn.tl y on this floor by tho candidate of the party iutbo last election, arc identical with those ou w.ich the Executive luw acted in reference to California? What arc | wo to understand hy ull this? Must we con; elude that there is no sincerity, no faith, in tho , acts and declarations of public soon, and that ' all is mere acting or hollow pr? fessiont Or aro we to conclude that the exclusion of the South from tlie il-rritcry acquired from Mexico is an i/bject of so pntamount a character in yoar estimation, that lviglit, Justice, Constitution, and i Consistency, mu?t all yield, when they stand | in the way of our cxclu-iou? i | But it may be asked, what is to bo done with I California, should she not bo admitted? I iuv j awcr, remand her baek to tho Territorial condi, ! tion, as was done in tho case of Tennessee, in ' flie early stage of the Government, CongiOs.% i in lier oa>e, had established a Territorial Government in the usual form, with a Governor, Judge*, niul other officer*, appointed by tho Unite State#. .She w .entitled, under the I deed o/ ccssjou, to bo adiu.itt^d into the Union a? aState as room as shohud sixty thousand in* habitant*. The Territorial Government, ho > Moving it had that number, took a cen up, by which it npponrod it exceotled if. Shu then formed a Constitution, and npplied for admis- : ) atop. Ooygress refused to jadmit her, on tho ? ground that tho census should be taken by tlio > United States, and that Congress had not de* termincd whether the Territory should bo formed iuto uuo or twoStates, as it was autnorijocl 4.0 <Jo umler the ce;,-iou. She ro tunic J quietly to bur Territo.rii?l condition. A)\ uct was passed to take.? }>y the U. State*, containing Ji pwvj&ioiv that the Territory t-hould form one Stat?. All afterwar swne regularly i j conducted, oud the Territory admitted as a i State in due ibru\. Th? irregularities in. the I cn^ of California are immoaHU.iab'y lt atcr, ' nlid offer much stronger reasons for pursuing the same cojre-e. But, it may bo sai I, Califor nia may notnubmiL That h not probable;4but | if fcho should not, wjien she jrcfujw, it will then i bo time fur us to decide whaj. is to be done. Having now shown what cannot save t)io ! Union, I return to the quorum with wliifch I commenced : How can ttlio Uhipn bo faved f There 4* but one way by which it can with any certainty, and that u, by ti full and finalscttlotueiit, on the principle of justice, -of idl questions at issite two Bccflon^. * 'Itic South vVspttjustice. ni?iplo justice, and less M?t to take. Shu hut no compromise the Constitution; aiul 110 concession r to tuake. jSjm |tas already surrenuqh that has little left to $urren.& settlement wOUld go to the root tor mc evil, anil rtfnlovp all cause of diAContdnt. Py >fttinfvinflT thti /S'outh. *h<> rtoiilS rama;.. I safely in tho Union. iiivl l'nn.-lv, i.- I hnfniohy a lid /raternid fecBbfc bctwemitife section-', which nxi-tc<j anterior (o tjxj Jfug$Pw imitation. JNofhing olao can, with any <%f|inty. ^od forever, ncttio tho terminate Agitation, ptul wave Hut c n thi> b^4agVt tw, rtisily : not by the weaV.tr >>f itself do nothfn^ ~~i<ot o,ueii protecfTTOlfebut by t|n^ Wronger. The North ha* only W;Will it to?"comj)li.-h itr-^ to doj?iHtic? hy conceding ,tAtbo South an her duty bv causing the >< t ii >nj#?on.srol; >' i ^9 f o fugitive claves to bo faithfully fulfilled?(o con^o tho writation of a** ? priMrid? for {ho in-< i t i i Constitution. l>y an | ill bllUtUIHK! till' J <wWHMWMgS protecting licrsolft bolero the eqinlJhrlnm between the ncctions yi1 ' l,y f!"' t ion of tiii-4 UovcrnAv! be no difficulty indpfkiiypVtfK ft provision. <