Keowee courier. (Pickens Court House, S.C.) 1849-current, January 05, 1850, Image 2
it is presumed that she. would not hesitate 1
to yield her aid, in the manner proposed,
to accomplish an improvement so important
to her own best interests.
We have reasons to hope that the proposed
railroad at Pannmn will he successfully
constructed, under the protection
of the late treaty with New G.ennda, rat
ificd and exchanged by my predecessor ,
oil the. 10th day of June, 134?, which
guaranties the perfect neutrality of the j
Isthmus, and the lights of sovereignty
and property of New Grenada over that 1
territory, "with a view that the five tnin- j
sir. front ncrnn In nnpnn ivinv not !i<? inter- I
ruptcJ oj embarrassed" during tlio exis- j
tence of tin* treaty. It is our policy to
encourage every practicable route across
the isthmus w Inch connects North and
South ^fraerica, either by railroad or cn- j
nal. which the cnprrrv ntul nntornriso <>f
our citizens ruay induce them to complete;
ami I consider it obligatory upon
me to adopt that policy, especially in
consequence of the absolute necessity of ,
facilitcting intercourse with our posses 1
sions on the Pacific.
7'he position of the .Sandwich Islands,
with refeience to the territory of the I'ni- !
ted .States on the Pacific; the success of '
our persevering and benevolent citizens
who have, repaired to that remote, (juar- :
(nr in nlii'Iohonl'iln/# <l?n ??? 1
ducing them to adopt 11 system of government
and laws suited to tlu-ir capacity '
and wants; and the u-c made by our nu- j
merous whalo-ships of the harbors of the !
Islands as places of resort for obtaining
refreshments nnd repairs, all combine to j
render their destiny peculiarly interesting [
to lis. It is our dutv to encourage the I
authorities of those Islands in their efforts
to improve, and elevate the moral
and political condition of the inhabitants;
and we should make reasonable allowances
for *he difficulties inseperablc from
this .asU. We desire that the Islands
may maintain their independence, and
that other nations should concur with us
in this sentiment. We could, in no event,
be indifferent to their passing under the
dominion of any other Power. The principal
commercial States have in this a
common interest, and it is t> be hoped
that no one of them vill attempt to inter
pose obstacles to the eniiic independence
of the Islands.
The receipts into the Treasury for the
fiscal yew ending on the thirtieth of June
Inst were, in cash, forty-eight millions
eight hundred nnd thirty thousand ninetyseven
dollars and fifty cents, ($48,830,097
50,) and in Treasury notes funded,
ten millions ei?jht hundred and thirtythree
thousand dollars, (10,833,000,) making
an aggregate of fifty-nine millions
six hundred nnd sixty-three thousand
ninety seven dollars nnd fifty cents, ($59,003,00/
50;) and the expenditures for
the same time were, in ensli, forty-six millions
seven hundred and ninety-eight
thousand six hundred and sixty-seven
dollars and eighty-two cents, (>s 10,T08,607
82.) and in Treasury notes funded,
ten millions eight hundred and thirtythree
thousand dollars, (*i 0,833,000.)
making an aggregate of fifty-seven millions
six hundred and thirty-one thous- (
and six'.Mndred and sixty-seven dollars j
and eighty-two cents, (*57,031,007 82.) (
The nccoui.ts and estimates which will ,
be submitted t . Congress in the report of
the Secretary o." the Treasury, showthat
them will r?mhi\i.W l?r? n ilnfv.'.i . i
easioned by the expense of ihe Mexicici
war and treaty, on the. first day of Jr.lv
next, of five millions eight hundred ami
twenty-eight thousand one hundred and
twenty-one dollars and sixty-six cents, .
(15,828,121 (56,) and on the fii*st day of
July 1851, of ten millions five hundred f
and forty-seven thousand and ninety-two i
dollars andsoven-throo cents, ($10,547,- (
092 73,) making in the whole a probable
deficit, to be provided for, of sixteen mil- ,
lions three hundred and seventy-five
thousand two hundred and fourteen dollars
thirty-nine cents, ( 10,375.214 30.)
The extraordinary expensas of the war
with Mexico, and the purchase of Cali
forma And [New Mexico, exceed in
amount this deficit, together with the
loins heretofore made for thofto objects.
I therefore recommend that authority be j
given to borrow whatever sum may be ne- ;
cessary to cover that deficit. 1 recom- \
mend the observance of strict, econmy in ]
the appropriation and expenditure of the j
public money.
I recommend a revision of the existing <
tariff and its adjustment 'in a basis which i
may augment the reveuhe. I do not i
uouoi tne rigm or duty ot Longress to
encournpc domestic industry, which is |
the great sdurce of national as well as in I
dividual Wealth and properitv. I look (
t-> the wisdom and patriotism of Congress <
/>r the adoption of a system which may I
p'rtcc home lahoi at least on n sure and ]
permanent fooling, and, by due encour- i
ngement of manufactures, given new and \
increased stimulus to agriculture, an i pro- '
mote thu development of our vast resources
and the extension of our com- 1
merce. Believing (hat to the attainment <
of these ends (as well a<i the necessary c
nii^rrtentntion of the revenue nnd the {
prevention of frauds) a system of specific i
UU'.HTfi ?? lll^U <nm jjivu, A v icvuiir
mend to Ooncjrnss t'-.o adoption of Ihnt c
systop?, fixing (he duties at rates hfofh (
enough t6 afford substantial mid sufficient ?
tneourijferneVJ( to ou ' own industry, and, ]
% ' ?!'? .'Ifi' .|,t J ' '
\
A
?t the some time, so adjusted as to ensure
stability.
Tncqueetion of the coniinunnce of the
Subtreasury ry:stcm is respectfully submitted
to the wisdom of Congress. If
continued, important modifications of it
appear to be indispensibk\
F0.1 further details and views of the
above and other matters connected with
commerce, the finances, and revenue, I
refer to the report of the <STeciclary of
the Treasury.
Xo direct aid has been given by the
General Government to tbe improvement
of agriculture except by the expenditure 1
of small sums for the collection and publication
of agricultural statistics, and for 1
some chemical analyses, which have been, I
thu 1 far, paid for out of the natc t And.
riicHiu is>, in my opinion, wholly inadc- '
qunte, To give to this leading branch of ;
American industry the encouragement !
which it merits, I respectfully rocom- i
mend the establishment of an Agricultu- '
lal Ilureau to be connected with the Department
of the Interior. To elevate the
social condition of the agriculturist, to
increase his prosperity, and to extend
his means of usefulness to his country,
by multiplying his sources of information,
should be the study of every statesman,
and a primary object with every legislator.
No ClVl! luivinnr lirnn tun I
vided by Congress for California, the
people >t' that TVrritorv, impelled by the,
necessities of their political condition, recently
mot in convention, for the purpose
of forming a constitution nnd Statfe Government,
which the latest advice* give i
me reason to suppose has been nccom- |
plished, and it is believed thy will shortly :
npplv for the. admission of California info j
the Union as a sovereign State. Should
such be the case, and should their constitution
be conformable to the reauisitions
of the constitution of the United States,
I recommend their application to the favorable
considcrntion of Congress.
The people of New Mexico will also,
it is believed, at no very distant period
present themselves for admission into the
Union. Preparatory lo the admission of
California and New Mexico, the people
of each will have instituted for themselves
a republican form of government,
"laving its foundations in such principles,
and organizing its powers in such form,
as to them shall seem most likely to effect
their safety and happiness."
By awaiting their action, all causes of
uneasiness may he avoided, and confidence
and kind feeling preserved. With
a view of maintaining the harmony and
tranquility so dear to all, we should abstain
from the introduction of those exciting
topics of a sectional character
which have hilhci to produced painful apprehensions
in the public mind; and I repeat
the solemn warning of the first and
most illustrious of my predecessors against
furnishing "any ground for characterising
parties oy geographical discrim
illations "
A collector has been appointed at <S*an
Francisco, under the act of Congress ex- .
tending the revenue laws over California; j
unci measures have been taken to organ- ;
ize the custom-houses at that and the .
other ports mentioned in thr.t act, at the
earliest period practicable. The C'ollec- i
tor proceeded ovetlaml, m?d advices have
not yet been received of his arrival at !
San Francisco. J/eanwhile, it is under- ,
.i. _ 1 *1 - i - 1
skkki iimi mc customs nave continued to I
be collected there by officers acting under j
the military authority, as they were, during
the administration of my predecessor.
It will, I think, be expedient to confirm
to the collections thus made, and direct
the avails (ifter such allowances as
Congress may think fit to authorize) to be !
expended within the Territory, or to be
paid into the Treasury, for the purpose
of meeting appropriations for the improvements
of its rivers and harbors.
A party, engaged on the coast survey,
was despatched to Oregon in January
last. According to the latest advices,
they had not left California; and di.eelions
have been given them, as soon as
they shall have fixed on the sites of the
two light houses and the buoys author:
i u.. .?? J -"I ~
i/iuu w uvnsirucica anil piacea 111 Urenron,
to proceed without u il.iy to make
rcconnoissnnccs of the most important
point? on the const of California, nnd os- !
peciaJly to examine and deter nine on I
lights for light-houses on that coast, the
jpeedv erection of which is urgently deriand.-d
by our rapidly increasing comnerce.
I have transferred tho Indian Agencies
From Upper 3/i?souri nnd Council JiluftV
!o Santa Fc nnd Sfolfc Lake, nnd have
'.auied to be appointed sub-agents in the
inlleys of tne Gila, the Sncreiaento, and
3an Joaquin river*. Still further legal i
provisions will he necessary for the effec- i
live and successful extension r,f #>nr ci.*
lem of Indinn intercourse over the new i
I'erritorles. <
I recommend the establishment of u
jronch mint in California, as it will, in my 1
)pinion, afford Important facilities to those
ingllgad in mining, as well as to the i
iovcrnment in the disposition of the i
nineral lands. i
I also rccominend that commisqjpns be
>rgnnizcd by Congress to examine and
lecide upon the validity of liic present
subsisting land titles in California and
tfeir Mcxico; and that provision be mado
for (lie establishment of offices of Surveyor
General in Mew 3/cfcicO, California,
nnd Oregon, and for the surveying
and bringing into nnnket the public lands
of those Territories Those lands, remote
in position and difficult of access,
ought to bo dispo of on terms liberal I
to all, but especially favorable to the early
emigrants.
In order that'the situation and eharnc- j
tor of the principle mineral depositee in |
California may bo ascertained,! reconi-j
mend that a geological and miueralogi- !
cal exploration be connected with the
linear surveys, and that the mineral lands
be divided into small lots suitable for
mining, and be disposed of, by sale or j
lease, so as to give our citizens an oppor- '
tunity of procuring a permanent right of
property in the sod. This would seem
to bo as important to the success of mining
as of agricultural pursuits.
The great mineral wealth of California,
and the advantages which i'.s ports and
harbor and those of Oregon afford to
commerce, especially with the islands of '
the Pacific and Indian oceans, nnd the '
populous regions of Eastern Asia, make
it certain that there will arise in a few
ycars largo ami prosperous communities
on cur v/crtcrn coa?t. !t therefore be !
comes important that a line of com muni- '
cation, the host and most expeditious '
which the natwc of the country will ad- !
mit, should be opened within the territory
of the United States, from the navigable
waters of the Atlantic or the Gulf
of Mexico to the Pacific. Opinion, as |
elicited and expressed by two largo and
respectable Conventions, lately asfem- j
bled at St. Louis and Memphis, points to I
? _.:i i ii.-i I.:, i. ;< I
<? liiimriiu ;ib unit which, 11 pnicucaon*, i
will best meet the wishes and wants of j
tho country. Hut while this, if in sue- ;
ce&sful operation, would be n work of
? it nt national importance, and of a value \
to the country which it would difficult to
estimate, it ought also to ho regarded ns
an undertaking of vast magnitude and
expense, and one which must, if it lie indeed
practicable, encounter many difficulties
ill its construction aiiu use.?
Therefore, to avoid failure and disappointment;
to enable Congress to judge
whether, in the condition of the country
through which it must pass, the work be
feasible; and, if if be found so, whether it
should he undertaken ns a national improvement
or left toindividual enterprise;
and, in the latter allcmnti\e, what aid, if
any, ought to lie extended to it b\ the
Government, 1 recommend, as a prelim- !
inary measure, a careiul reconnoissance
of the several proposed routes by a scientific
corps, and a report as to the practicability
of making such a road, with an
pcfimnin lltn nnc f nf ife
and support.
For further views on these and other
matters connected with the duties of the j
Home Department, I refer you to the report
of the Secretary ot Interior.
1 recommend early appropriations for
continuing the river and harbor improvements
which have been already begun,
and also for the construction of those for
which estimates have been made, as well
as for examinations and estimates preparatory
to the commencement of such ot lid's
as the wants of the country, and especially
the advance of our population over
new diftiicts, and the extension of commerce,
may render necessary. An estimate
of the amount which can he advantageously
expended within the next fiscal
year, under the direction of the T5u. rto,",
veil* <m iwik;^iu|'i>iw(II JllXUIIl*
panics the report of the Secretary of
War, to which I respectfully invite the
attention of Congress.
The cession of territory made by the
late treaty with Mexico has greatly extended
our exposed frontier; and rendered
its defence more difficult. That treaty
has alio brought us under obligations to
Mexico, to comply with which a military
force is requisite. But our military establishment
is not materially changed ,as
toils efficiency, from th.* condition in
which it stood before the commencement
of the Mexican war. Some addition to
it will therefore be necessf.ry? and I recommend
to the favorable consideration
of Congress an increase of the several
corpse of the army at our distant western
posts, as proposed in ihe accompanying
report of the <5?ecretmy of War.
Great embarrassment has resulted
from tho effect upon rank, in the army,
heretofore given to hrcvet and staff commissions.
The views of the Secretary of
War on this subject arc deemed important,
and if carried into effect will, it is
bi'lipved, promote the harmony of the
service. The plan proposed for retiring
disabled officers, and providing an asylum
for such of the rank and file as from
nge, wounds, and other infirmities occasioned
by service, have become unfit to
perform their respective duties, is recommended
as a means for increasing the
efficiency of tho army, and ns an act of
justice duo from a grateful country to tho
Tho accompanying roport of the Score
tary of tlic Navy presents a full and satisfactory
account of the condition and operations
of the naval service during the
past year. Our citizens engaged in the
legitimate pursuits of commerce have enjoyed
i^s benefit#. Wherever our national
vessels have gone they have been received
with lufcp^ct, our officers have
been treated with kindness and courtesy,
and they have on all occasions pursued a
course of strict neutrality, in accordance
with the policy of our Government.
7'hc naval force at present in commission
i.*. as large as is aumissable.
I invito your attention to the recommendation
of the Sc.reUirv of the Navy
on thesubjectof a re-organization of the
Navy, in its various grades of officers,
and the establishment of a retired list ior
such of the officers as are disqualified for
active and effective service. Should
Congress adopt sonic such measure as is
recommended, it will greatly increaso the
efficiency of tho Navy, and reduce its
expenditures.
I also ask your attention to the views
expressed by him in reference to the employment
of war steamers, and in regard
to the contracts for the transportation of
the United States mails and the opera- '
tion of the system upon the prospn ity of
the Navy.
By act of Congress passed August 14,
1848, provision wasmade for extending
post offices and mail accommodations to
California and Oregon. Exertions have
been made to execute that law; but the j
1! !i 1 "
mimed provisions 01 utc- net, the inadequacy
cf th<~ mcritis it t! i *; ill
adaption of our post oflie Jaws to the situ- '
ntiou of that country, and the measure of
compensation for services allowed by ,
hose laws, compared with the prices of
labor and rents in California, render those
exertions, in a great decree, ineffectual.
J/orc particular nnd efficient provision
by law i? required on this subject.
The act of 18 45. reducing postage, has j
now. by its operations during four years, I
produced reduced results fully showing ]
that the income from such reduced post- ;
age is fully sufficient to sustain tho whole
expenses ol the service of the Post Ofiice !
Department, not including? the cost of
transportation in mail steamers on the
lines from JVew York to Chngres, and
from Panama to Astoria, which have not
l>een considere by Congress as properly
belonging to the mnil service.
It is submitted to the wisdom of Congress
whether a further reducer, of postage
should not now l>e made, more particularly
on the letter correspondence.
This should be relieved from the unjust
burden of transporting and delivering
the franked matter of Congress, foa
which public service provision nhould l>e
made from the Treasury. I confidently
believe that a change may safely be
made, reducing all single letter postage
to tbe uniform rate of five cents, regardless
of distance, without thereby imposing
any greater tax on the Treasury than
would constitute a very moderate compensation
for this public service, and I
therefore respectfully recommend such a
reduction. Should Congress prefer to
abolish ti e franking privilege entirely, it
seems probable that no demand on the
Treasury would result from tbe proposed
reduction of postage. Whether any furdiminution
should now be made, or the
result of the reduction to five cents, |
which 1 have recommended, should bo j
first tested, is submitted to your decision, i
Since the commencement of the last
session of Congress, a postal treaty with
Great Britain has been received and rati- I
fied, and such regulations have been
formed by the Post Oflice Departments i
of the two countries, in pursuance of that |
treaty, as to carry its provisions into full j
operation. The attempt to extend this |
same arrangement through England to |
France, has not been equally successful; I
but the purpose has not been abandoned.
For a particular statement of the concli
tion of the Post Office Department, and
other matters connected with that branch
of the public service, I refer you to the
report of the /'ostmaster General.
By the act of the 3d of 3/arch. 18-tO,
a board wns constituted to make arrangements
for taking the seventh census, composed
of the Secretary of Stale, the Attorney
Genet al, and the Postmaster (Jen
oral; and it was made the duty of this
board to "prepare and cause to be printed
such forms and schedules as might be
necessary for the full enumenif .'on of the
inhabitants of the United States; and also
proper forms and schedules for collecting,
in statistical tables under proper heads,
such information as to mines, agriculture,
commerce, manufactures, education, and
oilier topics, as would exhibit a full view
of the pursuits, industry, education and
resources of the country." The duties
enjoined upon the census board thus established
having been performed, it now
rests with Congress to enact a law for
carrying into effect the provision of the
constitution which requires an actual enu
monition of i?,e people ? the United
States within the ensuing year.
Am/ u.,? !?/? I? ?
*?I?IV ir^ IUV UIIVIC9 ?J5J5?J^IIUU UJ U1U t'Oll
stit.utinn to lite general government in on?
of locnl nnd limited application, hut not
on thftt account the less obligatory?I ?1
ludo to the trust committed to Congress,
as thrt OYItlllKlvn nnil unln ?"??
. v UWIV ^ UCII dinn
of tho interests of tho District o
Columbia. I beg to commond'thcso interests
to your liind attention. Ah tbc
national metropolic, tbe city of Washing*
ton must be an object of general interest;
and founded as it was under tbe auspices
of bim whose immortal name it bear*, its
claims to the fostering car? of Congress
present themselves with an additional
htrength. Whatever can contribute to Its
prosperity must enlist the feelings of its
constitutional guardians, and comnmad
their favorablo consideration.
Our Government is one of limited powers,
and its successful administration eminently
depends on the confinement of
each of its co-ordinate branches within its
own appropriate sphere. 7'he first section
of the constitution ordains that "all
j legislative powers therein granted shall
be vested in a Congress of the United
States, which shall consist of a Senate
; and IIouse of Representatives." The
Executive has authority to recommend
(nottl'ctate) measure to Congress. 7/aving
performed that duty, the Executive
department of the government cannot
rightfully control the decision of Congress
on any subject of legislation, until
that decision shall have been officially
submitted to the President for approval.
The check provided by the constitution,
in the clause conferring the qualified veto,
will never be exorcised by me, except
in the cases contemplated by the fathers
of the Republic. 1 view it as an extreme
measure, to be resorted to only in extraordinary
cases?as where it may nccessa?y
to defend the Executive against the
enct\achments of the legislative power,
or in prevent hasty nor! inconsiderate or
unconstitutional legislation. Uy cautiously
confining this remedy within th?
sphere prescribed to it in the cotemporaneous
expositions of the framers of the
constitution, the will of the people legitimately
expressed on all subjects of of legislation,
through their constitutional or
gmis, me senators and representatives of
the United States, will have its full eft'ect.
As indispensable to the preservation of
our system of sclfgovernment, the independence
of the representatives of the
States and the people is guarantied by the
constitution; and they owe no responsibilty
to any human power but their constituents.
By holding the representative re
sponsible only to the people, and exempting
him from all other influences, we elevate
the character of the constituent and
quicken his sense of responsibility to his
country. It is under these circumstances
only<that the elector can feel that, in the
I '
cnoice 01 tne law-maker, ho is himself
truly a component part of the sovereign
power of the nation. Willi equal car?
we should defend the rights of the executive
aud Judicial departments. Our
Government can only be preserved in its
purity by the entire elimination of every
claim or tendency of oac co-ordinate
branch to encroachment upon another.
With t he strict observance of this rule and
other injunctions of the constitution; with
a sedulous inculcntion of that respect and
love for the Union of the States which
our fathers cherished and enjoined upon
Hwix/iKiM .? - .
...v.. iiiiu >viin inc iiui oi that
ovoruhng Providence which Ins so long
and so kindly guarded our liberties and
institutions, we may reasonably expect to
transmit them with their innumcrn^'?
blessings to the remotest posterity.
Hut attachment, to the United States
should be habitually fostered in every
American heart. For more than *
century during which kingdoms and em*
P??s have fallen, this Union has stood un
sb?ken. Tl ie patriots who formed Jt
haVe long since descended to the grav*:
yet still it remains, the proudest monu"
"'cut to their memory, and the objeet of
nITection and admiration with everyone,
worthy to bear the Ameiienn nnme. In
my judgement, its dissolution would be
the greatest of calamities, and to avert
which should be the study of every
Americen. Upon its preservation must
depend our own happiness and that of
countless generations to come. Whatever
dangers may threaten it, I shall
stand bv it and maintain it in ita
?e',v.?
to the full extent of the obllgnt'ons imposed
nnd tho power conferred upon me
by the Constitution. Z. TAYLOR.
Washington, December 4 th 18+0.
The South Carolina Conference closed
its session nt Cnmden on tho 24th xilt.
itisl op Andrew presided. Nine delegates
were elected to the (Jcner 1 Conference,
to begin nt St. Louis, tho first of
A fay next, vie: W. M.'Wight mnn, II. A.
C. Walker, A. M. Shipp, W. A. Onmewell,
J. Stacy, Wlnteford Smith, C.
Hetts, N. Talley, nnd S. W. 6'apere.
The next sension of the conference is
to be held at Wndesboro", North Carolina.
The following are the appointments for
this District:
Cokebbvky Distkict: W. A. Gamewell,
1\ E.
Edgefield: W. P. Mouzon, A. If. Harjnnn.
Cokesburv: J. II. \Vhn?l?i' s *r
- . . ..vv?V | M, It,
Brown.
Pendleton. M. Puckclt.
Greenville: H. (J. Parsons.
" Circuit: h \YatU.
Union: R. J. Boyd, A. P. Avnnt.
Laurens: 8. Townscnd.
Newberry: J. II. Zimmerman, J. N.
Bouchelie.
Pickens. John t'lngcr. . ,
Paris Mountain: A. !'?. McGilyrny.
Mount TrVon Missiote tf,'ncnrborough.
,T. W. Wightman, Tj^in C'okestyir
CI'11 - - *
ry ocnooi.
[Au'^yion flazctte.
1 At*
HrtoB.?'About TO,bOO Hogs have paa
Bed through this place on their way south.
Athcvillr Afasenffir,