T GRNENEKER EDITOR . r : EWBERRY, S. C. THURSDAY, FEB. 22, 1883 A PAPER POR THU POPL.E. HS" eral isn the highest respectaFah v , devoted to the material ti people~ ofthis County and th it extensively, and as ai medima ofers unrivalled ad STerms see firtpage. Free Public Educaein. A number of petitions have late ly gone up to Congress, asking ai for public education at the South and they have called forth variei comment. These petitions repre sent the feeling that we are not al together responsible for the degre of ignorance that prevails in th Southern States, and the belief tha the State governments are not abb to give adequate support to thei public schools. The first questioi to be decided in the discussion o any such subject as this, is whethe free public education is ever a wis measure ; and that question ha been answered in a practical wa; by the State governments. A di ferent question, and one which rE mains to be settled, is whether it i legitimate for Congress to aid th Southern States in the work the; are doing, or whether they shoull make the fight for education, un aided. The increase of illiteracy at th South since 1870, is alarming. Th nrmber of illiterate votes in th late slave4olding States was, i: 1880, more than one million, thre hundred thousand, the illiteracy a the negroes being greatly in exces ofthat of the whites, This ignoranc is a standing menace to the perpett ityof our republican institutions, an the welfare of society. It is a pul lie evil, and it furnishes the strong est argument in favor of prompt rt lief by the general government. One of the finest political thin] er- that ever touched a pen say "I regard it as wholly inadmissibl that any person should participat in the suffrage, without being abl K to read, write, and perform the coui mon operations of arithmetic." Uni versal teaching should precede und versal voting; and the natio: should make elementary educatio: accessible 'to the humblest cit'izer Those who argue that educatio: n fils to .make. the negro a bette citizen, prove nothing against put lie schools, for they might add tha education does not make the whit man a better citizen; but it bette1 fits each for an intelligent exercis of the privileges of citizenship Education seeks moral associations and no one who has not let a fave rite .theory silence common sense will deny that society is safest ii the most enlightened community or that education and material de velopment go hand in hand. It should be ,borne in mind tha these petitions do not in a.ny sens< pray for Northern aid; they as] the general government for tha which they are entitled to receive and which would be of immense ad vsntage to tYu public, without be ing missed from the national tres ury. And it~ would be both legiti mate and judicious for Congress t< appropriate for public education fifteen millions of the one hnndrei and forty millions of dollars, tha1 annually flow into the yublic fund over and above the necessary ex penditures of the government. With out aid of this kind, our free pub S lic schools must for a long time rc main inefficient. They meet obsta eles that are peculiar to the South. Their effEciency is crippled by th< * sparseness of our population; ther comes the indisposition to taxatfor and the want of funds. But the most serious obstacle, and one which our critics have not yet giver the consideration it deserves, is the race problem. The negroes in our State pay comparatively nothing for public education, and yet the colored children in omi schools outnumber the white chil. -dren by more than ten thousand. Thme presence of these negro chil dren renders two sets of schools --. necessary, for mixed schools will never be tolerated; and it conse. .- quently makes the school systeh less than half as efBient as it would otherwise be. The negro is com. -paratively a new comer in society, and education means a great deal S re to him than to his white neigh. -In addition to the usual men eof our schools. he must morals and good * es better he The general government makes aplprations to support a navy and a standing army, and no one objects; it seeks to advance the commercial interests of our common country by constructing jetties in Charleston harbor, and no one feels that his State pride has been stab bed. No more should we let a mawkish sentiment -or silly pride lead us to oppose the appropriation of public money to make war upon ignorance, that insidious public enemy, and to advance the educa tional interests of our people. The Troublesone Tie. In the House there was consid erable debate on the motion of Mr. Mackey to make the duty on cotton ties 35 per cent. ad valorem instead of 1 4-10 cents. per pound as pro posed in the bill. Mr. Aiken spoke, stating that he had learned among many othei I things that the whole country de mands a revision of the tariff; thai this revision must protect labor, of the manufacturer's pocket will suf a fer; that this revision must proteci e the manufacturer's pocket or labo: t will undoubtedly suffer; that 90 pei cent. of the value of the manufac tured article is labor; that 90 pe r cent. of the value of the manufac 1 tured article goes to the employer f while 10 per cent. goes to labor r that a majority of the Republican! on this floor, while clamoring foi protection to labor, legislates the s profits of labor into somebody else'f V pockets; and that if Republicar statistics are to be credited therE are more men protected by the tariff than there are laborers in the s United States. e Mr. Aiken refuted the statemeni V that the planters of the South sel: I their cotton ties, for which the3 pay four cents, as so much cotton He showed that the price of cottor was fixed in Liverpool. He als< e showed* that when the system o: e deducting a fixed percentage foi e tare in Liverpool was adopted the a cotton crop was wrapped in Eas1 e India bagging, weighing full twc and n quarter pounds per yard To-day it is baled in New Englant s bagging that weighs less than on( e and a half pounds per yard, anc which is sold to the cotton-plante: in rolls of fifty and one hundrec yards each, every roll of whicl when measured at the gin-housi - falls short from one to three yards And the ties, too, are invoiced a forty bundles to the English ton and he doubted if any planter eve found fifty-six pounds in a bundle s He never found one to weigh ove1 e fifty-five pounds, and he had weigh e ed hundreds. And yet, the tare-. e the same as when the Fast Indii bagging was used. See how the cotton planter is fleeced. SMr. Aiken went into the history -of the cotton tie, and said that 11 Scould not be claimed that the man ufacturers of cotton ties had beer driven out by "the pauper labor ol -England." In 1880 there were sis ~cotton tie manufactories in th4 r United States. The profit upor .their investment of $70,500 amount ed to $54,084, or, after deducting tu~ cost of salaries, insurance, &c., ai Sannual income of over 15 per cent The cotton tie manufacturers sim. Sply shifted their labor from cottoi ties to hoop iron, which under prohibitory duty paid better. The Southern cotton planter had - struggled on from year to yeat ,trying to solve the problem of grow ing cotton with free labor, without appealing to the government for aid or bounties, battling against Gov ernme.nt taxation, disorganized labor, English protection to East SIndia cotton, and thousand of obstacles only known to himself, until to-day he produces the con trolling' cotton crop of the world. 11is example Mr. Aiken corn mended to the manufacturers of -the United States. The wages in .man~y portions of his State, and in all t.ie Cotton States to a certain degree, are one-half the gross pro -ducts of their annual toil. If hes Sunderstood the multiplication ta ,ble, every bale of cotton offered for tsale by a farmer since the 1st day .of Januiary, 1883, contained 110 per 'cent. of labor, for he felt warranted in saying it cost him 10) per cent. more- to make it than lie received for it in market. Therefore, in .steati of taxing this labor more heavily he would relieve it by leg. islation of some of its multifarious oppressions, and ,h mno point at whc.t'ei etra by placing 'cotton ties one@h?ffree The amend Mr.u Makey was defeaty a vote of 101 nays to 97 a" T}e Bessemer steel-makers of the country are threatened with a new pe.ril. Within a few days a trial of paper rails will be made on a prominent Western trunk line. The pulp of which the rails are entirely composed is by pressure made as solid as metal and much more durable, while the safety thus obtained is multiplied by exemp tion from atmospheric changes that comp)rise the main drawback to steel. "Tis more brave to live than to die." Therefore don't wait till a slight Cough develops itself into consumption but secure a bottle-of Dr. Bull's Cough Syrup at the small outlay of 25 cents, cure your Cough and live on happily.. George' Washington was born February 22, 1732, and died in 1799. So. as Pat says, "If he'd a. lived imtns year hed&a bin dad ist 84 A Teachers Institute. We wish it was obligatory on the School Commissioner, by law, or at least in his disoretion, to re quire all teachers in his County to attend an Institute meeting at least 1 quarterly. Let there be a fine put upon those who do not attend, and who have no satisfactory excuse, said fine to be deducted from their next paper offered for approval, and applied for the benefit of the Insti tute. We produce from The Teachers Institute published in N. Y., what an institute should be, and what it can do : Teachers should hold meetings and when they meet should take up the subjects that need discussion. This paper has urged that the teachers' meetings should be in ef feet a normal school-of the right type, and it still urges it. (') Let it take up certain subjects and let them be studied over; let the presi dent "drill" upon them in the most thorough manner. (2) Let there be at each session one or more "class exercises," a class of pupils brought in and taught by a member as a class should be taught. (3) Let there be discussions by the teach ers; let both the ladies and the geu, tleman give their views and their reasons. (4) Let there be short pa pers and short addresses read, also music; and a good hearty greeting of one another. Above all put an account of your exercises in the 3 newspaper-this is as all important as polities, show that you think so by putting an account of your do ings in the papers. Hoping that the School Com missioner, his board, teachers and all who wish to foster and improve public education may concur, I am yours truly. TEACHER. [The law on this subject provides "It shall be the duty of each Coun ty School Commissioner to aid the teachers in all proper efforts to im prove themselves in their profes sion. For this purpose, he shall encourage the formation of asso ciations of teachers for common r improvement. Ile shall attend the meetings of such associ4ipus, and give such advice and instruction in regard to their conduct and man t agement as in his judgment, will contribute to their greater efficien r cy. Eds.] Tne Greenville News speaking of our inability to comprehend its dark and mysterious utterance on the subject of Democracy, says: "We are compelled to decline the task of supplying the HERALD with the requisite brains to comprehend them. We have none to spare, and rthe contract is too large for the limi ted resources of this establishment," Just fancy, if you can, our Con t2lmporary making this confession, "It would be a large contract to furnish the requisite ,brains to com prehend the statements of the Greenville News!" Marvellously frank; but at last we see no-reason why we should not agree with our esteemed contemporary. When our contemporary settles to its Stride, it fairly takes one's breath away, lis ten to this: "The resources of the NVews are too limited to supply the requisite brains." Now, that's downright bashfulness, and we don't hesitate to- say so. Does our contemporary expect even the poor H ERALD to believe that? Think of it; "We, we, the Greenville News, cannot do this thing, because we have not the resourg" No, sir, we are usually credulous enough; but we don't believe a word of that. The News could, if only it would. Talk about unreconstructed South erners ! The New York Legislature only a few days ago finally passed a bill repealing the provisions in the Revised Statutes allowing the pur chase, holding and sale of slaves in the State ! An Atlanta dispatch of the 15th, instant says: Immigrants to the West are returning. A party of seventeen from Aiken, S. C., came back to-day. They are disgusted with Arkansas. The illicit distillers and sellers of mountain whiskey have occupied a large share of the time of the United States Court at Greenville. It would pay the government to let these "nmonshiners" alone. Gen. Fitzhugh Lee says that after Appomattox an old Virginian re marked to a party of returning soldiers : "Oh, it's that -- Fitz. Lee who surrendered, old Gen. Lee never surrenders." On Saturday, Senator Butler pre sented to the Senate the resolutions of the South Carolina Legislature in regard (p Federal aid for com mon schools. Everybody is using; and every body is recommending to every body's friends, Brown's Iron Bit ters as a reliable iron medicine, a true tonic. The State Agricultural and Mechanical Society is preparing for Fox TuE HERALD. New York Letter. AsToR Houss, Niw Yonu, Feb. 12,'83. DEAR HERALD:-Sarely this is "a very ray world for to live in, for to snend or to lend or to give in." New York is a.world in Itself, only on a small scale. To a country lad like myself, is is full of charms, "wise saws and modern instances." It Is worth any man's hard-earned money to see-for to see is to believe-the sights. One catches it anyway, if he should perchance call for what his heart most yearns for. Take the table d'hote for Instance: the menu at a frst class stopping house, tenderloin steak, $1.25; cup coffee, 25 cents; boiled eggs, 25 cents, etc. Would you think a poor man's money lasts long at that rate? Upon a careful re view of the case by you, the negative of the question would lack for no sunport on your part. Rooms from 50 cts. to $8.00 per diem! That takes all a man can make In a week down South.. It is worth enjoying, however, once upon a time, provided you sandwich it with an occasional visit home, where our "hog and hominy" costs less, if it is not so good. Your correspondent halted at this place night before last in the "wee sma' hours ayant the twal." "All aboard" resounding from the stentorian voice of the burly brakes man at Baltimore means "Passengers, change cars." You are at New Jersey Ferry after a brisk ride of a few hours, during which speed approximates sixty miles an hour. Cross the ferry where polite hackmen are prepared to conduct you to your hotel, if not beyond eight or ten blocks, for Si 50. Then eome: bustle, fuss and Feathers, steam elevators, and the whole train of other things that are alway s on the programme. Went oat yester day to Brooklyn Tabernacle and heard Tal mage. Cross Fulton Ferry, and by line of street cars you soon reach the "holy gate." En route, there are here and there occur rences that absorb one's thoughts and attract one's attention. People rush with an air of anxiety and impatience that i4 enough to take your breath away-all but. There is no regard for the amenities that a Southern man so scrnpulously observes. You can tell men from the South as soon as you meet them. They are more modest in their per egrination, and move with apparently less disturbance. (It is said in fact that they are getting so fast in New York that the business people don': care to work over five hour, daily) A heavy snow storm, Saturday, the 10th, covers the ground with a hoary covering, deep enongh to give a man a burial position. On all :ides men are shoveling the snow and ice from the pavements, and the snow brigade is reinforced by the characteristic street gam ins and newsboys of New York, who pelt the passers-by with snow-balls. The people move, however, despite the frigidness of the situation. The East river presents a beauti, ful appearance, the turboats, the ferryboats, the shipping vessels all alike have donned a covering of white, and the ship hands busily apply themselves towards disposing of it where objectionable. Now and then a sleigh is seetr, with oc cupants all clad wit: furs and muff and arctic. They seem to enjoy the sport and I guess the, do. Well, we reach the Taber nacle, where we are politely ushered to the gallery and given a comfortable position, from which to lake in the situation. As we enter a hymn is given out, and the orche.tra tunes up, the congregation rice and all join in who have books and voices. "Hold the Fort" being a popular air, there is no lack of accompaniment. Talmage soon after rises and gives his text in a squeaking voice somethiig like that of a bov who approaches maturity; 91th Psalm of David, Tart of the 9th verse, "Ile that formed the eve, shall he not see." The burden of the effort was to show God's majesty and power from the creation of the eye, which he described as the "imperial organ of the human system." The eye is mentioned 634 times in the Bible. For instance Divine care as the apple of the eye. Pride as "Oh! how lofty are thine eyes." Inattention, "Fool's eyes the end of the earth ;" suddenness, "in the twinkling of an eye the last trumpet shall sound," &c. Dr. Talmage said it has been a wonder to him for the past thirty years that some optician does not deliver a series of lectures through the country. displaying upon large canvass all the ingenious parts and mechanism of that great organ, to show the wonderful abilities of the eye, in common parlance re jeeting all medical nojenclatire. God's wisdom was so great that be illumined the world before he created man and gave him his eyesight. "A fter the human eye is no longer to he profited by their shIning, the chandeliers of heaven nre to be turned out " God honored the eyes by making a roof for them-the eye brows which reach to the right and left so that the sweat from toil would trick le to the one or the other side, thus protecting that organ which is of so great value to the human being. There are- eight hundred contrivances to every eye, which opens and closes daily so often. Its ability to reject or to receive. Within, the pupil dilating or contracting at pleasure; its ability to se-e by day or nigh t, showing its superiority. One muscle to lift te eye. and one to lower. The retina gamboling in ibe rays of ligh'. What a delicate lens!' What an exquisi:e screen ! What wonderful chemistry of the human eye! A contrivanc,e so very wonderful that it it can see the sun ninety-five millions of miles away and yet the-point of-a p.n. The arront ner moves his telescope until it is prepared to do its work, but the humani eve is al' ayys or ranged to take in evety situa.tion, as by coup d'oeil. It is a wonderful chamera obscura. No delica te and yet a ligh t comning 95 millions of miles is obliged to hta!t at the gate of the eye, till the portcul;is is lifted. rtere ;a also a merciful arr::nge-men t of the tear glands: the tear not an nugmen'ation of sorrow, but a breaking up of the frigid strea:ns of an guish in the warm gulf-streams of consoln tion. Oh ! the wonderful hydraulic apparatus of the human eye! The tongtue is a clumsy instrument comp-ared with it. It can twinkle in an instant with merriment and the next fire with indlign-uion. If the eye says one thing and the lit.s another, you believe the eye. Geo. Whitfield attracts a vast gather ing, though his eyes are afflicted with sira bisus Martin Luther turnedt his eve upon his would-be-mnrderer and the assassin quail ed and fied. The Emperot A.irian p-at out the eve of:a servant thirpngh aeci:leut and as expiaion for the injure,- he pr-offered vas t sums of money, but the servatit, refusing, sid, '-Oh! Emperor, I want nothing but may lust eve." Al.as for those who have been deprived of their sigh t. Ask the man w-ho has not seen the light for twenty years,. who wo-:?d like to sec once more the face of a deaerly love'd one. A-k a Barimeu< who has not seen a Christ. or a man who was born blind :and is to die blind, and yout will then be told its value. Sir Chas. Bel, the ilritish surgeon, was inv-ited to write an artie:c < at contributiont to the Bridge wvater treatise anti heu wrote Ott the human htnd, uni article that will last forever, and et how mucht more valuatb?e the eye. Shall Hersch-l not kno-v as mucht as his telescope or Dr. Iktok r.s his chronome-ter? "Hie that for.med the eye shalt he not see -' Wonderful as is this part or the hnenan organism, it is no,thing compared with the all-sat cIhing. overpowe-ring eye of God. Alt the stare of the heavens are asterisks. What a stupendous thing to live; what a stupen (Ions thing to die! An advoca.te took up two lamps and ph.-citng it before the accnsed, and placing him under its full glare-said. "May It please the C"tmt and ge-ntlemen of the Jry, behold the murtderer and the man succumbed under the full light that blazed upon him and confessed his guilt. . If you can see the point of a needle, do you tnot thtin k tha tGod p.ossesses that power. Don't you rhink that God has as good an eyesigh t. Do you -u:>pose then there is any shaade or phase of human life that God heas nor gather ed up? Af:er this recitation of an epitaph to be found somewhere itn Europe the speaker closed, expresmptly ex-eated. F.ir t rlier partiuar ulr informtion, etc.. appty to W. F. GA IL LA RD, A g't., for Newberry Jan. 4. 1-ly. ASHLEY #HOSPHAT7 - CHA RTESTON,. B. C. 5OLUBLE GUANO, high.y amnmoniated;~ DISSOLVED BONE, highest grade ; ACID PHOSPHATE. for comp"- o ASH ELEM ENT, made (a 'boot'. for 'oinan Girsin aM GENUINE LEOPO.I)a[li LL K AINIT, tore .the Mines i. (leron.t,v, uoad warranted a GENUINE FLOATS, el highest grade, produc . of sh-.- [DIn atow izer; SM.ALL GRAIN SPEOIFIO ; - COTTlON AND CORINrIIMPGUND: - GROUND lIUIF.D FIII ANi BLOD 00 (oR'-UNDI RAW B')NE; N. S LAND if&TB Special Formulas made to order. 00'lT( - Special inducements for cash orders. For terms, Illustrated Almanacs and card- *' s the "0-o Dec 21. 5l-6m. THE PACJIFIO GUANO 0~ . OFFER FOR ALE SOLUBLE PACIFIC GUANO, arorPACIFIC AtCi:)PHOSPHA TlieGuanos ar fthe highest grade and ,- t -' . is -r r.ly to ofoucsomrfrthpa15 eain0 (i,Nrh't' and elsoewhere will substantiate. 5 For terms, apply to A;;ents in the various '. , oa. E. H. FROBE &5 00. gn~ Dec 4, 6-SmC HARLESTON, 3 $35.00 to $10.00 per Ten sar4ed en Fertilzs, By Buying for Cash. BAUGH'S "NEW PROCESS" DWSSOLIEBD ES This is not a dissolved South Carolina Rock, but is an exeeflen& made from GREEN ANTMA L BONES. Send for Circularsoin Guaranteed Analysis. Price $280 per 200 lbs., im meW lags of 200 lbs. on On Cars or Boat at Works. Cash with order. Addressis lque orders to BA.UGH & SONS, Sole Manufturer*s, -Philadelphia, fa..or Baltim.r. UM Feb. 1.5, 7-1ia - ATTENTION I POORPf Fertilizers : The undcersgned woee6gDy "Plow Brand," thee ebgy DI AMN SOLL B ON toe**'* FROM TIE OEM TB U! (3 U'A NO. Lf,Orro@1ai MY STOCK OF-oA~~It GROCER1ER Is Full and Oonggete. db I soUefit a call fromL my friends and f gnaranAlso wouldaeekn D.B.Wheeen guarnte- isa -i - -.-'i4'$.~. '%-...ae