Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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THE HERALD IS PUBLISHED \(i EVERY THURSDAY MOlNING, At Newberry, 8. C. By THOS. F. GRENEKER, Editor and ProprieLor. Terms, *2.00 per .inant, A Family Companion, Devoted to Literature, Miscellany, News, Agriculture, Markets, &c. Invariably In Advance. 9r, PThe paper Is stopped at the expiration oS time for w1iieb it.3s paid. r-- Pmark senoe xpirutiO of sub lI. XVII NEWBERRY, S. C., THURSDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1881. No. 48. cri]viu A TRIAL OFLE 81T1MORI "i'JMR WILL CLEARLY SUBSTANTIATE SIX ESPECIAL POINTS OF EXCELLENCE 1st-It Is the-ea.iest running press maea 2nd-It is as Sironc as anz press made. ard-It is the most Durable press made ith--Tt will do as good work as any prep made. 5th-It will take less to keep it in repair than any press made. Gth-(ast but not least) It costs less than any first-class press made. ALL SIZE PRESSES, TYPE, And PRINTERS' SUPPLIES Catalogue Free. .T. :1. "7. CD M A 21 GERMAN ST., BALT2MORE, 'Nov. 3, 44-Gm. BA TM R EMPLOYMENT FOR ALL. TO SELL A HOUSEHOLD ARTICLE. T HE poor as well as the rich, the old as well as the young, the wife as well as the husband, the yoLng maiden as well as the young man, the girl as well as the boy, mlny just as well earn a tew dollars in hon est employment, as to sit around the honse ani wait for otbrs to earn It for them. We can give yon employment, all the time, or during your spare hours only; traveling, or in your own neighborhood, among your friends and acquatntanes. If you tdo not care for employnent, we can impart valua ble information to you tree of cost. It will cost you only one cent for a Postal card to write for our Prospectus, and it mnay be the menans of naking you a good many dollars. Do not neglect this opportunity. You do not have to invest a large sum of noney. and run a great risk or losing it. You will rearlily see that it will be an easy matteikto make from $10 to sim a week, and establish a lucrative, and intlependent business, hon orable. straightforward and prolitable. At tend to this matter NOW,for there is MONEY IN IT for il who engage with us. We will surprise yon and you will wonder why you never wrote to ns before. WE sEND FULL PARTICULARS FRE. Address BUCKEYE M'F'G CO, (Naine this paper.) Malox, 01110. Sp21, -s -. PATENT So F. A. Lehman, Solicitor of American and Foreign Patents, Washington, D. C. All business connected with Patents, whether before the Patent Oftlke or the. Courts, promptly attended to. No charge made an less a patent is secured. Send for circular. Sep. 21, 3-tf.w.l. NEW ROADS. Notice is herebyv ::iven thaet the County fr Commissioners et Newbery County, S. C., will, unless legal objection thereto be made, a-r the expirn of )rhree mionths. from this date, ope'n ml dec.lare p bli a road rur -. I' Lyie-? Fo'rd, it. caid ande J ..!! :: ...--r to i.. june ion~ w:th the Col'. nia Rit. 'a. out o'ne-half' mile AL-so an,Aher road !n.ulinig from Lyles'] IFord by 6.rsee ormtii-neni.cck, Mrs. - A l. -!. (C. Richards nod Mr. C. Hardy ton Pulie lto:d h-ading to ';r don's Ferry :u a point near thet residieue of W. D. U-lry, (the s.ume being a road now open ai used as a neighborhood road.) F. WERBEi, Jii, Sep. 1 1, 7-::.ri 'lerk 0. C. N. C. Electioun is Over. Now i;o and hear the votes counted at CLARK's GA LLERY, where the finest Art Works that have ever been. exhibited in Newberry, are on exhibition. And while there sir. for your picture, and take to your homes somne of their s4uperior photographs. We warn you that delays are dangerous: go ere it is too late. Mr. WV. 11. Clark feels confident, al ter an experienen of fifteni years, that he cau produce a class of work that will please and give perleet satisfaction. Copying old pictures and enlarging to any desired side, also reducing to the smallest, a specialty. For style and quality of work, refers to the editor of this paper. CLARK BRO'S. Nov. 10, 46-tf. STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA, NEWBERRSY COUNTY. By Jacob B. Fellers, Probate Judge. Wereas, Ebenezer P. Chalmers, Clerk af Court, bath made suit to me, to grant himr Letters of Administration of the Estate and effects of Elizabeth A. Sligh, deceased. These are, therefore. To cite and admon ish all and singular the kindred and credit ors of the said deceased, that they be an'd appear, b.efor,' mec, in the Court of Probate, to be held at Newberry Court House, on the 21st day of Decemnber next, after publi cation hereof, at 11 o'eiock in the forenoon, to shrew cause, if a.ny they have, why the said Administration should not be granted. Given under my hand, this 9th day of December, Atnno Domini 1881. J1. 5. FELLERS, x. r. s. c. NEW HOTEL. This commodious edifice, situated on NAIN STREET, NEWBERRY, S. C., andI known as the BLEASE HOTEL, is now open, and invite= the people one and all to call anid know what can be done at all hours, to wit: An Extra Good Breakfast, Dinnier, or Supper, for TWENTY-FIVE CENTS Forty or fifty regular boarders will be taken at proportionately low rates. The convenience of location, excellent Bptrig water, well furnished table, etc., aonmend this house to every one. Oct. 1r, 42-tf. Clotling. it RIGHT & J, W N C FAL AN WINTER SHTS In all Grades, And All Prices. SPECIALTY IN Undergarments of all kinds SUCH1 AS ;iHIRT&, UM~VS,. DO M1~L, 80118K. A hautifuil assortiit. of Cravats, Collars, Suspenders, &c. [JATS! HATS! HIATS1 In Strtw. Felt and Silk, all color?. Pnd styles, and very hanidv.e Rentitmen's and Youths' Shoes TRUNKS, VALISES, UMBRELLA, WALKING CANES. In short every article u<tcliy kept in s irst c-ls Clothing S!ore. at fiving prict-s. An exanuintion of our s-Ork L, resimet rully solicited. We guarante satise-te ion n all goods sold. WRIGHT & J. W. COPPOCK May 4, 18-tf. Dry Ge6ds, Groceries, Sc A FREE SHOW! I have now oper.ed my a.ail but wel telec,ed dtock of [I goods and roCuies SUCH AS Bacon, Meal, Flour, Lard, Molt;sses, Sug.tr, Coffee, Rice, Salt, Mackerel in cans and barrels, Ganned Goods of all descriptions Candy, Crackers, Cakes. Cheese, Raisins. Apples, Oranges, &c., &c., &c ROCKERT and GLASSWARE UNE)EhLED IN PRICE, ALSO, -,tfl-l -:h-vs, H,4ts an1d (Calo rl. Tickie-, Shiriie!, Prints. Jeans, H1om"espuns, Hu Aery and Notions I 11AVY: ALSO) ON ITANDl, ru.seto- fl. ~o'1c S'-trlc. Lye, Spices, Co.le-, br,iacco, Segars, And a large lot of Pipes. My stock is small, as my means are lim. ,ed; but small profits and quick ales i4 ay motto, and business is what I mean. I uy cheap and intend to sell cheap, having o rent to payr and n clerks to hire. I ive at home and botrd at the same place, ~ome and give me a call, and I guarantee atisfaction. Again I announce this FREE SHOW!I My son. D. A. RUSSELL, is with me and nil'polite'Iy wait ('n any who may give me ,d,!. and will take great pleasure i: show g arny and( all of my good<. and will make :ic's to suit if possible- I will be found~ n rat Street, between M. Foot's estab s:nenit and the Depot. Respectfully, J. S. RUSSELL. MAKING R001H FALL GOODS! GREAT BARGAINS bor the Next ((O Days We will have on exhibition a well select. td stock of ~)RY GOODS, CJLOTFHING, NOTIONS, HATS, &c.. &c. Vhich will be sold AT .AJND BE. OW COST. You will also find a large lot of choice 'LOUR, RICE, MEAL, GRIT3, SUGA R, COFFEE, TEA, HA MS, SHOULDERS, BREAKFAST STRIP| ANNED GOODS, CONF ECT10NERI ES, CIG ARS. WILLOW WA RE, CUTLER~Y, 6c., &c A.d in fadt everything ua-udly kept in irst-class Village Store. Com:e and see fc yusl.Respectfully, JOHN R. NORRIS, Agt Aug. 24, 34-tv. THE PENNINGTON HOUSE (Formerly the Mansion House,) NEWBERRY, S. C. JON~ M. PENNINGTONi, Proprieto: This popular and conveniently locate house has been opened by tice present Pri prietor, who will sparc no0 pains to mial, his guests comfortable. With rooms larg airy, clean and well furnished, a table su plied with the best that can be had. poli and ready attention on the part of his se van ts, he feels assured of giving satisfactio Terms, 81 per Day; 812.50 per Month. PILLS INDORSED BY PHYSICIANS, CLERGYMEN, AND TH9 AFFLICTED EVERYWHERE. THE GREATEST MEDICAL TRIUMPH OF THE AGE. SYMPTOMS OFA TORPID LIVER. Tiowsof appette,Nausea,bowele oostine PinintheHeadwitha dUl sensationin bacprart, Fain under the shouer , I)ullnessafter eating, with a disin cHaWon to exertion of body or mind, Eitab-li-y~temper, Low sirits. Loss of memory, with asfeellpg ofher lo-oted some duty, wearinlesmD nlutitrin oe HeaSuts before the eyes, Ye iow sk " eache, Iestless ness it night, highly clorea Urine. 17THESEWAR=IGSAME1U ZEEDED, SERIOUS DISEASES WILL S00F BE DEVELOPED. U=jS pnLare especially adapted to such cases,one dose effects suchachange pf feeling as to astonish the sufferer. They Increase the Appetite, and cause the body tj5 Take on Flesh. thus the system is nousishe4.;,Ad ly therTnieAetionon the duced. Price eut. murray TUTT'S HAIR DYE. GAY HAr orWmsrns changed to aGLossr BLAcx by a single application of this DlE It imparts a natural color, acts Instantaneously. Sol by Druggists, or sent by express on receipt of $t. OffIce, 35 Murray St., New York. (Dr. TETP 3jAAL r Talable nfbrmtin and .._". _e _Me .. U - ap.. e.. CELEBRATED kS bi fo W b< 4t k i b< fo Cc S P sa ITrTER el in Hosts of Famnnies ta11 fTrstetter's Stomach Bitters is as much re-. garded . a household necessity as sugar in or coffee. Th rcapon of this is'that years of experience have pravcd i. [o be per- dc fectly reliable in those cases of emergency where a prompt and convenient remedy is demanded. Constipation, liver compaint, dyspepsia, indigestion and other troubles are 1n overcome by it. For sale by: Drnggists and Dealers, to whom re apply for llostetters Almanac for 1882. < THE SUN. d NEW YORK, 1882. THE SUN for 1882 will make its fificeno2 tl annual revolution under the present man agement, shining, as always, for all, big and So little, mean and gracious, contented and unhappy, Reublicn and Democratic, de- a prayed and virtuous, mntelligent and ob tuse. TH E SUN'S light is for mankind and UI I womankind of every sort: but its genial g warmth is for the good, while it pours hot discomnfort on the blistering backs of the persiet.-n)tly wicked. T E SUN of 18t8 was a newspaper of a new P kind, it discarded many cf the forms, and to a mutltitude or the suiperfluorns words andi phrases of ancOient% ournajlism. It under- 4 took to r-epor in a resh, succinct, unconi- t ventionali way all the news of the world, omitting no event of human interest, and m cotmmenting upon affairs with the fearless- e ness of absolute independence. The suc cess of this experiment was the success of te THE SUN. it effected a permanent change in the style of Anmerican ne wspapers. Every ~ important journal established in this coun- hj try in the dozen years past has been mod elied after Tgie SUN. Ever - important bf journal modified and betteret, by the forceII of THE SUs's example. THE SUN of 3882 will be the same Out- n< spoken, truth-telling, and interesting news aliberal use of the means which an a abundans prosperity affords, we shall make it bet4 th1,an ever before. LC We shall prinit all the news putting it into readalet shape. and measuring its imp)or-. t;u?ic". not by thei tradiitional yatrdstick, but In by its real initer-est to the people. D)istance , from Printing House Sqluare is not the first li6 consiiderationi with THE SUjN. Whenever ci anything hlappens worth reporting we get the particulars. whether it happens mi Cl itrooklyn or in Biokhara. In politics we hav-e decided opinions; and are accustomled to express them in lan- if guage that can be understood. We say, Iwhat we think about men and events. That habit is the only secret of THE SUN'S politi- ri cal course. THE WEEKtLY SUN gathers into eight pages Ii the best matter of the seven daily issues. -A n A gricultural Department oi unequalled merit, full market reports, and a liberal LI proportion of literary, scientific. and do muestic intelligtence complete THE WEEKLY sUN, and make it the best newspaper for a tihe farmer's household that was ever print ed. -Who does not know and read and like THE SUN hAY SUN, each number of which is a Goltonda of interesting literature, with D the best poetry of the day, prose every line worth reading, news, humor - natter enough to fill a good-sized book, and in- ri finitely more varied and enter taining than any book, big or little ! if our idea of what a newspaper should j; be pleases you, send for THE SUN. Our terms are as follows: rl For the daily SU., a four-page sheet of twent-eight columns, the p)rice by mail, post ~ paid, is 5.5 cents a mlonth, or $6.50A a yeatr; or, TJ including the Sunday paper, an eight-page sheet of fifty-six colIumns, the price is 65 11 cents per month, or $7.70 a year, postage e paid. The Sunday edition of THE SUN is also L furnished separately at $1.20 a year, post ah pirice of the WVEElLY SC's, eight j pages fifty-six columns is,$1 a year. post,age paid. For clubs of ten sending $10 we will t sendI an extra copy free. Address. I. W. ENGLAND, Publisher of TiHE SUN, New York City. s Nov 24. 47-rt. LIIELI ST1BLF NOTIRE Having leased the Livery Stables from MIr. H. H. Blease, thie sun5scribers take pleasure in informing the public that they .will keep FIRST CLASS P LIVERY, FEED ANDd SA LE ST ABL ES, ~Where they will be able to accommodate .all who favor them wit.h their patronage. MYERS & DICKERT.I ottro. TIE E SILVER LINING. Th-:re's never a day so sunny But a little cloud appetars; There's never a life so happy But bas its time of teart; Yet the sua shines out the brighter Whenever the tempest clears. Ttere's never a gardetn Zrowing With roses in every plot; rhere's never a heart so bardeted But it has one tender spot; We have only to piune the border To find theforget-me-not. There's never a sun that rises But we know 'twill set at night; The tints that gleam in the morning At evening are just as bright; And the hour that is the sweetest Is between the dark and light. There's never a dreap so hnppv But the waking makes us sad; There's never a dream of sorrow But the waking makes us glad; We shall look some day with wonder At the troulbles we have h ad. ,OOSE IDEAS ON A THREAD BARE TOPIC. Not many years ago the man ho mentioned a woman's name ghtly, or mentioned it at all ben only other men were pre mnt, was accounted a blackguard, id usually found himself in trou e. Now it is quite fashionable r the names of young and old omen of any state or station to handled by every man, boy id nondescript who happens to low it, with a freedom that is ough to raise the hair on the ad of one accustomed to the rmer methods of thought and odnct. Nothing seems to be a feguard against this flippancy. irity and olov4tion of character rank count for nothing, and en who should be gentlemen dis ss their lady friends and acquain. nees in bar rooms, or at smok g, or card parties just as they > any other topic. This is demorali;,ing and wrong every way. Too much reve nce cannot be shown a good wo an and her name, and every parture from the profound re eet duo both is a long step to. ards barbarism and a blow at e very foundation of civilized ciety. Treating a name disre etfully, or lightly, leads nat 'ally to similar conduct towards e person who wears it. Aside from the abstract princi e, every man has a personal in rest in resenting~ an)d discour ~ing any attempt to introduce e name of any respectable wo an where it will not be regard I as sacred, for common sense aches that his sister, mother or ife will be the next topic when s back is turned, and what may >said depends upon the comn trativye brainle ssn ess, reek less is or malice of the next speaker. here are men who will coolly, ander a woman wvhen it is safe do eo and the audience is kind, id unfortunately instead of be ghanged or horse-whipped, and nored by every decent man, ey too frequently receive the icouragement of a hearing. Any id every community would be ty per cent. more peaceful, pure d.happy if every such beast were in out of it. A man can not >nor himself more than by doing ynor to women, and vindicating tem promptly, effectively and reibly on all occasions and in icompanies where it becomes acessary. It can not, be denied that we ien themselves-especially those f the younger generations-are sponsible, in a great measure, r the prevalent lack of reverence >r thbem. They fail to exact the espect that is seemly and right, nd forget what is due thorn. 'hey are too ready to believe the iodcrn heresy that puts the sexes n the same plane, and to waive he rights given them by real civ ization. They forget that there ra broad and safe medium be ween prudery and license, and luntariiy abdicate the high po. ition which true manhood uia, as igued them to hold. W beni we come baex~ to the safe ule that the man who handles t roman's name lightly or miahi iousiy is as much of a coward nd ruffian as he who strikes hei erson ; and when women them, elves exact the most profound espect to them and the utmos1 lecorum in their presence, wt ill be much nearer an ideal civ lization, and much more in har tony with Southern traditiont ,nd the Southern ideas that have ;lorified and ennobled the Soutt Message of Johnson Hagood Governor of South Carolina, to the General Assembly, Delivered Wednesday, November 23, 1881. STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA EXECUTIVE C 1AMBBER, CoLUMilA, Nov:. ber 22, 1 1. &nators and R:pre'se-ntatica : It is by the iubdamental law mad the duty uf the G,)veruor to tive the General Assembly information o the condition of the State and re commend to their consideration sue measures as he shall judge necessar or expedient. THE PUBLIC DEBT. There is no floating debt. Th debt funded and being funded i $6,642,321. This is an increase of little over 83,000 upon the amount re ported last year, and arises frow th, tire having been extended by legis lative action for the funding of cer tain small parcels of bills of the Bani of the State, which had not reache' the Treasury within the time pre scribed for funding the same. Of the public debt, the scril of the Agricultural College, amount ing to $191.800, is a permanen investment, the deficiency bond and stocks, au.ounting to $562,577 mature in 1888, and consols amount ing to $5,887,944 mature in 1893 The whole debt bears interest at per cent. The Board of Commissioners of th< Sinking Fund have had diring th past year in their bands applicable tc the retirement of the debt $27,098 Of this amount, they have only beeu able to invest in State securities at par, exclusive of accrued interest 63,970. There is, therefore, remain ing in their hands at this date $23, 128; and legislative instruction is needed as to the disposition of this balance, as well as to the disposition of the sums hereafter to accrue for the same purpose. It seems probable that the market value of the State securi ties will continue above par, which, under the present regulations, the board have regarded as the maximum price they were warranted in paying. Interest upon the debt is paygle before the taxes levied to meet it are fully collected. To avoid subjecting any of the public creditors to delay in receiving their dues, the last General Assembly authorized the Governor and Treasurer to anticipate the collec tion of taxes as far as necessary for this purpose by a temporary loan The liberal action of the differeut banks of the deposit in permitting over-drafts and requiring interest up. on each only from date prevented the necessity of these officers borrowing the full amount necessary at one time and keeping it on hand until fully paid out. The interest paid by the State upon this loan amounted tc $712.26. Authority to contract a loan for a similar purpose will be nc. cessary for the ensuing year, or pro. vision should be made for an earlier collection of taxes. The interest is now payable in New York and Columbia. It should also be payable in Charleston ; and it is further desirable to adopt, as to both consol and deficiency stocks, the plan of the United States government with regard to its registered bonds and stocks; upon the holder furnishing the Treasury with his postoffice ad dress the interest due is forwarded to him upon each January and July. There are also certain minor regula tions of the Treasury which impede rather than advance the public busi ness. These are the requirements not only of reeipts, but duplicate receipts, upon payment of coupons, interest or ders and warrants, notwithstanding these vouchers are given up and can celled at the same time, and the mnak ing of the Governor's endorsement ol the Treasurer's check upon the banlk of deposit necessary before the public creditor can receive the money due him. These regulations are the result of law; their abolition or amendment is respectfully commended to your at. tention. In my observation it is als< desirable that the Treasurer's contin gent fund should be increased by small amount to enable him to employ temporarily, extra clerical force at the periods of payment of interest. T h promptness of the payment of interest as well as every facility given to it collection, enhances the value of security, and it is the obvious interes of the State to place and keep its se curities upon the highest plane. Whei our debt matures, as it speedily wi] do, the wisdom of this course will, am persuaded, be .ealized in the re funding of the debt upon the mos favorable terms. -The consol bonds bear upon thei face the contract of the State to receiv the coupons of the- same in paymen of taxe's, anid this undoubtedly add to their v.alue. The Brown consol have been i,nued it' lieu of such Gree consols as have been presented fo conversion, and are, in all cases, worti their face value. The coupons frot these can be, and are, received at th tax table. The Green console out Istanding are tainted, more or less, wit: 'an invalidity which has been estak lished by the Cour ts, and is acquiesce in by the holder. The coupons frot these cannot therefore be received b the Tax Collector, but are presente and paid at the State Treasury, wher acce to the reistry permits thm amount of invalidity in each coupon t: to be ascertained. This entails a se. C( I ious amount of labor upon the Treasu- Su ry. and it is desir-ible in the interpst vi of the State and of the creditor that be tI e Green consols dh.uld, at as early a it. date as praoticable. be all converted in iat-, Browa eonsol6. This process is U ooin"g on ,t:a-dily. but not as rap'dly at as the mutual interest of the parties w( would zeet to warrant It i, w4rthy su (- your coLsderation whether this ti should not be haiitened by some action St; on the part of the General Assembly. -iving notice that interest, after a date in to be fixed, will be paid only upon to Brown c,unsols REVENUES AND EXPENWiTCRES. The revenues of the State fur cur reut expenditures are derived frin phosphate royalty and the general tax. In the last year the royalty paid into the State Treasqry has exceeded any previous yeai. amounting to $121,541, - and it is probable that the improved conditiou of that interest will continue. I beg to call your attention to the well considered and valuable report upon to this subject of the special assistant . Mr. E. L. Roebe, forwarded with the annual report of the Commissioner of ar Agricultire. The report of the Comp- e troller General, to be submitted to you, will show that the usual and or dinary expenses of the State govern- n went not defrayed by the phosphate tn royalty can be uiet by a tax levy f t but 1 4-10 tiills on the dollar. The str levy for iuterest on the public debt, 2C 5-10 wills, is to be added, tlUs iakig ere a gene-al tax levy of 3 ! 10 mills. tb< When these revenues reach the Treas- an( full ury they are disbursed in every case fus under the sanction of your appropria tion by heavily bonded officers, with elaborately provided cheeks one upon . the other, au-i a monthly exhibit is made in the public press of their "' transactions. You will pprwit me to tii again call your attention to the singu th< lar contrast in the management of the th< County finances. The taxes collected vo and disbursed in the Counties are the tec constitutional school tax of 2 mills, rea the ordinary County tax of 3 wills, ry, and in many cases extraordinary taxes P8 for railroads or other County improve. tut ments, the total being considerably in . excess of the amount that reaches the . State Treasury. The County Treasu iLif rer collects and retains in his hands ha, these County funds, and is, in regard car to their disbursement, merely the am cashier of the County Commissitners I a In his annual accounting before the eac County Auditor the order of the to County Commissioners drawn in ae cordance with the forms of law, is his Th sufficient voucher. the Upon the County Commissioners the rests the responsibility of the faithful an< and judicious expenditure of the fund leg and they are practically subjected to the little or no supervision. It is true ev they are required by law to report to Oc the Comptroller General a detailed ent account of their transactions to be ae laid before the General Assembly, andsu it is the theory of the law. For the '" present year but seven of the Counties me have forwarded their accounts in pr< time to be printed with the Comp- th troller's report. Others will perhapsth be laid be~fore you in manusoript dur ing your session, and others will not t reach you at all. The General As- sht sembly does not, and necessarily ca- ha not, effieiently discharge the duty im- w posed, neither can any central Stateb auditing cjii:eer, should the duty bech transferred to him. Your experience of and judgment will find the proper 4a remedy. There can be no more effi a eient snpervision of the management, of public funds than that by those of the locality in which they are con. th tributed and in which they are ex- l pended. I renew the suggestion that t bi the grand juries of the respective Lu Counties be charged with the duty the of examining and auditing the ac- Th counts of the County Commissioners, fis and these accounts be published in tha detail in the County press for a suafi- we cient time before the session of the the court to bring them fully to the at- Stt tention of the taxpayers. The Com- exj missioners should afterwards f,>rward Th these accounts to the Comptroller Gen- 4nt eral, to be by him, embodied in his an- t.hi nual report as statistical information, hu and they should still be required, as ch~ now, to submit to the General Assem- cci bly estimates of supplies upon which wt to base the annual County levy, pa shi THE PENITENTIARY. pr, There can be little doubt that the be most desirable management of a peni- ma tentiary is thlat in which the inmates vi< Iare kept within its walls, and employed coi in industries which would at least co; make them self-sustaining. The penal in1 and reformatory discipline which ed should adhere to the institution, as ret r well as considerations of health arad m< humane treatment, would be thus best to subserved The present Board of th ' Directors have kept this leading idea pe steadily in view, and have made cou- tir siderable progress in that direction. ou For the present, however, and for fu some time to come, unless the main- pa L enance of the convicts is to be a In< chearge upon the public treasury, the a -employment of a portion of them be- fu i dtewalls is a necessity. In this i - event they must be utilized by the in, I State engaging in enterprises which St ~2 would profitably employ them, or they ti< must be leased to private contractors th I~ fcr private or public works. The first re e does not commend itself to me, and te: e when tried for the la.et two yers upon ur e large penitentiary plantation below lutnbia, has not proved a marked ceess. The plan of kasing the con .ts has also been tried. There have en undoubted evils connected with most of which exierietce h:js elim ited ; ai;d this syste: in my judg Mt is the best thalt oers itself. 3ly :ention has been ClselV uiven to its riing, and n,y conclusions upon the bject have the strength of convie us. You will perwit me briefly to te theul. The convicts should not be leased small numbers to any one contrac or for work that necessarily shifts iW locality to locality; and the erseers and guards in eharge of them >uld be appointed and paid by the uiteotiary authorities. These pro ions, together with the frequent pectiolip now directed to be wade, I the sumary power ot recall now ;ted in these authorities by law, will ke the leasing of the convicts liable but few objections. When the work shifts from locality locality, barracks and stockades, in ich security, health, humanity aud cipliue may be at once consulted, not, and from considerations of nomy, carot be erected for the iporary use. which is alone required. lien the work is stationary. the aiber of convicts sufficiently large I the time of the lease long enough warrant it. there is no reason why uctures, to be approved by the ard of Directors, should not be eted by the contractor, in which rcquiremeots of health, security I *humane discipline should be as y consulted as in the Penitentiary if. 'he annual report of the Board of ,ectors and Superintendent of this titution to be submitted to you kes 4 most grratifying financial ex it. The entire appropriation of last session for the maintenance of Penitentiary, for continuance of rk on prison wall and for the pro tion against fire, $23,000 in all, iains undrawn in the State Treasu and is -pplicable 'o such other pur es as you shall d(rect. The insti. ion has for the first time in its tory from its earnings sustained If and made necessary permanent )rovewents; is free from debt and to its credit a cash balance to be ried forward to next year This aunts to the sum of $15,000, and m convinced can be quadrupled h year if the institution continues i )e managed upon the business prin. les upon which it is now conducted is cannot be done, however, unless Directors are permitted to obtain market value of the convict labor. I if they are hampered by special islation, donating any portion of labor to enterprises which, how r commendable, are more or less il in their character. When such erprises are deemed of sufficient eral importance to warrant public 'sidy, let it be done directly, and eo nzine, and the act stgnd upon its rita. It seems to me that such1 fits as may be had from the labor our criminal population should ei r go into the treasury to lighten burthen of the general taxes, or, .t find special appropriation, that it uld supplement the fund for edu ion whose benefits enure to all and ase results decrease criwe itself. .t gives me pleasure to be able to r testimony to the effieient dis rge of duty by the Superintendent the Penitentiary and his subordi e officers. THE LUNATIC ASYLUMI. Che aggregate current expenses of State last year for all purposes, ept interest, was $354.739; and of $ 107,164 was expended upon the tiatic Asylum, being a little more n one-third of the whole amount. e number of inmates during the al year was 490 ; and in the fact t but twenty-six of this number :e supported by friends, and that remainder were charged to the te as indigent poor, is found the lanation of this heavy expenditure. ere cannot be on the part of any a desire to limit the benefits of s noble charity ; but it should be ited to -its purpose and remain a trity. The pauper alone should re ye the bounty of the State ; the o are able to pay in whole or in ~t for the benefits of the institution >uld be required to do so ; and its iper share of usefulness should not limited by incumbering it with in tea not properly within the pur w of its establishment. In this mnection I commend to your earnest isideration the report of the Super endent of the Asylum. The rem She suggests will undoubtedly cor :t the evil. It is to return to the' ide prevailing before the war, and require each Conoty to support >se whom its offieials send as pau rs to the institution. This is en ely consistent with the scheme of r poor laws. The County levies the id for the maintenance of its sane apers, and it is expended under al supervision. It should also levy tax and retain supervision of the 2d applicable to the support of these ire unfortunate persons among its ligent population. The part of the ate should be limited to appropria-. as for the salaries of officers and a general purpose of buildings and yairs. The report of the Superin ident also with much force dwells ... te existing modes of commit ient of patients and necessity of a revision of the lutj%ey laws His sug. iestions are entitled to the weight of -,owing from one who has made the -ubject a study, and has excited Inuch ability in the disclarge of -his -pecial duties. The Asylnu under its present aUDgement, i securing all that per taius to its helleficent objects, I am happy to beliere, compares favorably with si,iLr ititutions elsewhere. DEPART.\ENT OF AGRICULTURE. The lately inbtituted Department of krieu!ture has during the past year .ndertaken very fully the duties in -trusted to it, and gives promise of taking a place iu the development of 1ne State beyond what was antic pated when it was established. The report of the Commissioner, to be 'ubrnitted te you, exhibits the extent Af the duties imposed by him, and the rtal with which they have been dis Aharged. I have* myself had occasion ro observe the intelligent and earnest ffort given by the Board to their work. No part of the work of this Department is more worthy of notice L,an that devoted to the promotion of iwigration. In the short time since this effort was inaugurated 534 immi zrauts have been :ntroducd into and -ettled in the State; but more than his, the fact has been established hat with a continuance of the same ffirt the amount of this desirable ad lition to our population is limited on y by the capacity of the State to ab orb it. So far the immigrants have )een chiefly of the peasant class; iardy, intelligent and thrifty laborers; ,ut the class with more or less capi al way soon be expected to follow; mnd, if our people desire it_ we can 10on witness the diversion into our 11idst of a part of that stream of im Iligration whibc has.. so rapidly and ronderfully enriced other portions of he Union. I most cordially co nead this Depdrtment to your foster ng care. RAILROADS. The Railroad Commissioner reports in increase of the net income of the ailrdads of the State duringihe past rear, and an improvement of their teneral condition. All of those which vere in the hands of receivers, except he South Carolina Road, have been old, and the purchasing' companies >ermanently organized. There is com )laint of excessive freight charges on ome of the leading roads. The At orney General holding that he is not s such counsel for the Railroad Com uissioner, and there being no fund >rovided for the e6ployment of coun el, the Commissioner has beemnable o test by suit in the Couriaalleged riolations of the 'law and of ~their :harters by the roads. To secure 'easonable charters he recommends a Board of three Commissioners with >ower to regulate freight and passen ,er tariff; and that it ei:.her be made he duty of the Attorney General and solicitors to represent the Board, or bat an adequate fund be provided for he employment of counsel. The Jomnmissioner has discharged the du ies of inspection required of him. Ele also states the gratifying fact that ai the last three years no passenger ias lost his life through the 'fault of woy railroad in the State. There is, ie thinks, much roonm for improve nent of depots at the important. sta ions along the roads, and at the city >f Columbia, where it is recommended hat the Legislattue require a Union -assenger Depot to be constructed. I1auy of the railroads of the State 2ave passed under the control of the !liehmiond and Danville Combination. ['he Commissionier thinks that in some espects such consolidations of inter :st are beneficial; but in this case the :ozitrolling power being in another state, it is highly important that the Legislature shall provide through a B~oard or otherwise for a regulation of reight and passenger tarifs~ which w'ill protect the local pa:rons of the oads in this State. EDUCATION. The report of the Superintendent of Education shows the condition of the >ublic school system and the progress ?ade during the last year .in pro ridiug educational facilities for the mlasses. There were in attendance 0n the public schools 61,339 white, and 72,119 colored pupils ; making a total >f 138,458. There were 3,057 schools in operation and 3,249 teachers om played. The average length of the session was 3* months. Full reports jf the school fund have not been re reived ; but it is thought, from aareful estimates, that it will be about $420,000. The increased fa rilities for education are shown in the fact that the number of schools estab lished during the year was greater' by 84 than at the time of the last report, and the number of teachers by 78. The average length of the ses sion shows a slight increase -over that of former y.aars. The educational facilities of this State are not yet com plete ; but a comparison with other States shows that, in this respect, South Carolina is not behind most of her sister States of the South. The report of the State-Superin tendent contains full statements of the two large and successful institutes held in this State during the last Summer: One for waits and one for colored teachers. The effect of these institutes upon public education in South Carolina has been most grati