Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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phies. We were once eredul ou en1ough to believe with PopC, thai worth made the man ; we have learned that the men make them selves, and that Worth-who by strange irony of fortune, is a Paris ian-makes the women ! About : century ago, during a session of the legislatu-c of Connecticut, an eclipse of the sun happened, and it seemed to many that the Day oJ Judgment was at hand. Some womber moved the adjournment Wthe House; whereupon an old Puritan legislator arose and said, If the last day has come. I desire to be found at my place doing my duty; for whieb reason, I move that candles be brought so that the House ray proceed with it. business. Near tho close of the year 1880, the Legislature of'S. C was in session. The State was dark ened by an eclipse of the moral sun, and a peti;i.n was present. ed to the Legislature-a petition consecrated by the prayers and tears of five thousand daughters of Carolina-a petition seeking re form, imploring protection against the greatest- public evil of the age; whereupon, a grave and rev erend seignior who should be a scorner of scorn and hater of hate -who should be an enemy of pub lic vice and a conservator of pub lie virtue,' arose and said-'The aim is a noble one, but to grant this petition would break up the Democratic party.' How comes it that this evil wh-ich is an enemy of peace, virture, bappiness,respec tability and Heaven-this friend of discord, vice, misery, infamy and Hell, is also the friend of the Domocratic party ? Disrupt the Democratic party ! 'Ye Gods! it doth amaze me' that- men in so high places should stoop to advo cate -so low principles! Ours has become a government of speech making, a governmeut in which low wit and strong lungs too of ten bear off. the laurels from modest merit. The sage of Chel sea once said: 'England contains twenty-seven millions of human beings-mostly fools.' Our own great country contains fifty mil lions -of human beings-mostly politicians! In the mind of the great Scotchm-an, the difference would not be worth the toss of a copper. We inust feel that ours is peculiarly an age of change; not destitute of merit in the way of Reform. To find the great leveling-equalizing power of our. con_try, it is not necessary to wat&b the signs of the zodiac or consult Cbaldean tables. There is a power in the land that is more than Argus-and~ more than Briareus; a power with a thou sand'eyes and a thousand hands and a thousand tongues, con trolled by a thousan d earnest, throbbing brains ; a power more changefuls than Proteus and mightier than the Titans ; wear ing, withal, the ring of Gyges. It exposes to public scrutiny things that seek to shun observation ; writes things that no one should read, add4 tells things that no one should hear. It calls license lib erty. It often causes us seriously to wonder whether the vestal fires smoulder in the temple of the soul-and whether the trail left by the serpent on the wicked human -heart, is darker and broader in our own ladthan elsewhere. To the heads of this vast power, Salma gundi gives the significant title 'Slang-w hangers.' You may write the songs as well as make the laws ofthe nation, but I defy you suc cessull toinvade the liberties of the people, ifyou let public-spirited men control the Newspaper Press. Yes. the Press is the great equali zing power-which attempts to reform every thing but itself. Like lago, it is 'nothing if not critical;' and it often reminds us of the malignant deity in the Bat tle of the Books: 'Criticism dwelt on the top of a snowy mc,untain -in. Nova Zembla. At her right hand, sat Ignorance, her father and husband, blind with age ; at her left, .Pride, her mother, dress. ing her up in the scraps of paper *herself had torn. There was Opinion, her sister, ligh tof foot, -hoodwinked and headstrong, yet giddp and perpetually turning. About her played her children Noise and Impudence, D)ullness and Vanity,Positiveness, Pedan try and Ill-manners.' There is much that is bad in the newspaper press, for the history of the p)ress for the last decade mirrors the human heart for the same time. And vet > I know of no greater reformer or more powerful guardian of popu lar right. The reformer needs re form, so far as the English lan guage is concern-d, in its idiomatic strength and purity, it would be * well if nine-tenths of the news papers could be suppressed to-day. * Of the many excellences that mark the superiority of our civili zation, few shed greater lustre on the age than the honored posi tion held by the advocates of lib eral female education. Not even the rare intellectuality of George Eliot and other distinguished wo men who were as surely born for fame as their critics were born for oblivion, can silence the senseless carpings of some who deem it due to their own sex to disparage the dignity and reach of the fe male mind. But reform is here doing no uncertain work, and will soon boner the great woman Shakespeare who has quietly tagen her place among the im mortals of literature. We are be temieg les tolerant of the wasnish j tit-izrn :1i pungent .,atire 0 A !ose vio are wont to speak of aiies' schools as places. V "Wire eduvcation, in its nobler sense, Gives place to learning's shallowest pre tensec Where hapless maids, in spite of wisi or taste. On vain "accoiplishments' their moinents I waste ; Bv cruel parents here condemned to wrench Tiwr tender throats in mispronouncing French, Here taught in inky shades and rigid lines, To perpetrate equivocal "designs;" a Drawings that prove their title plaiuly true-< By shon ing nature "drawit" and "quartered" too. In ancitent times, I've heard my grandam tell, Young maids were taught to read and write and spell Of tongues, each maiden had but one, 'tis said, Enough 'twas thought to serve a lady's head.)" However true these lines may ' have been, however true they may be, few men now feel cailed upon to illustrate the dignity of their own sex by sitting in judgment of the merits and wants and capabilities of the female intellect. It is a matter of congratulation tbat many of our standard institutions of learning no longer retain above their portals the forbidding moni Lion. Who enters here must-wear oantaloons, but have thrown open t dheir doors, and now offer the maidens of our land all the advan. tages of liberal education. But while in the matter of female training, Reform is advancing- t and extending and developing sys- t tems and opportunities, it touches our male colleges with a quite dif t8rent spirit. This practical spirit tbat always asks, Will it pay ? 'has taken hold of our college curricu lums, and with an aim far more ;ionest than commendable, seeks ;o remodel them at the expense if the ancient classics. Most of Lhese would be reformers who try t ,o thrust Greek and Latin from be proud eminence they hare so ;-ng held in our institutions of iearning, are about as well quali. ded for school-Ieaching as Caligu a's horse was for the consulship. rhe course of instruction which they would dictate is like them. selves, "fearfully and wonderfully Inade." It is as refreshing as the bill of fare of the 'iapless indivi dual who took bread and soup for breakfast, soup and bread for din ner, and for supper, bread and soup. They would give us L:-st, 'riting, reading and 'rithmetic then reading, 'rithnatic and 'riting -and as s capstone to this superb monument of wisdom, 'rithmetic, 'riting and reading. The people are diffident of their ability to to mark out a proper course of in struction; and, though they feel that much time is devoted to the study of Greek and Latin, with -most unsatisfactory results, they are content to let the questiont rest with the school-men on the one band, and the practical re formneis on the other. But while much of this fault finding comes from men of half-learning, the op.- . position in some quarters is strong ? and dignified because it is carried forward by men of scholarly cul- a ture, trained faculties and capa- e cious minds. On this account, it a is not out of place for us to inquire c what is the true position of Greek t and Latin in our colleges. With out attempting a refined or ex. haustive investigation of the sub- t ject, let us see wvhether the con- r servatism of the school-men is s contemptible or judicious-wheth- lI er this desire of change is suggest ed by true principles and control- 3 led by proper motives-whether I these literary coroners should be v allowed to hold a post mortem ex- f aminiation, and bury the ancient I lassics because the verdict is- o "Dead." Why should not the an- b :ient classics be banished fr'om the .a scbool-room ? You answer. First d ou tell us of the voluptuous rich- si ess and flexibility of the Greek, tu and the admirable precision and e: lerspicuity of the Igatin ;you n annot sufficiently praise and ad- j< ire the wealth of wisdom of an- a -lent sages and statesmen; and p ou never grow tired of extolling si be honeyed eloquence that sat on ti Attic lips.- AhL our own is the h oblest tongue that has ben in t< he mouth of man for hundreds of ai ears ; a tongue that sweeps in its as ide embrace every shade of a >eauty and force, wit and humor, si athos, grace and sublimity ; the ft ongue that "Chatham spoke. V ilton, Shakespeare sung." And h te wisdom of ancient sages is vi ow found inl vigoro us Rnglish, tl olished and beautified by the magic li f luminous modern winds. You -tt ndulge in honeyed commendation of tI he language of "dark-haired, spotless, se weetly-smiling Sappho," and the ti ongue that thrilled the sweethearts of tc orace. Now you arc flapping your d< ings against the base of Parnassus ; w let us avoid that, and be practical. re Eou say surely there is something di orthy of consideration in these last- di g monuments of Livy and Thucy- iv ides, Herodotus and Cicero, Homer t~a nd Virgil; these monuments that t1 utlived the crumbling Corinthian es olumns and the glittering pageants y hat swept along the banks of tagny L iber. Ah, but have not Pope and e ryant given us this wealth of poetic eauty in our own language ? Have not our own great historians shed ght upon the masterpieces of Livy er d Thueydides ? Have not modern ye ages visited the shades of T'useglum jlai d brought back the riebest wisdom go f noble Tully ? You say it would be uc human to place the works of Homer cii d Xenophon, Tacitus and Horace an nto one common grave with theig rg thors and iuscribe above them all--i us Dead." Be areful; you are getting I ctimetal; I inisist that you~ be cai iractical You argue that in order to wi; nderstand English we a>ust be ac- do' id monumeL. rcared by the match n ass ge(1nius of .liltoo is --sprinkled ,ith the dian.ond dust" of clas,iu eauty. Yes, but Milton's Latin poems dd little to his, f:ine ; ard, you re- I Ad 102oliber, Macaulay ays, ijo noble ork of imagination as far as we cau ecollect, was ever composed by any , an except in a dialect which he had a ,rned without rewmberina, how or Li: ---and which he had spokn u-n On erlect ease before he had ever ana- ol Yzed it4 structure." You become ni arnest and wake an appeal that stirs vo, ur sya pathies when you say that in I u rder LU compare and aualze-in of rlor to investi,-ate divine truths and t ..ders.tand their nice shades of mean 0', the student of the Bible must Ca inderstand Greek. Ab ! mark the pri act that the coimamittee appointed to U evise the Bible comprises some of the lost scholarly minds, and most criti- o al judgments, and most cultivated thq :stes of the age; they have materials re till hat will never reach the private stu lent ; thpy investigate and translate inder the most favorable circum- Su: tances. Must it not be a bold and no dventurous wind that will investigate " ieyond the reach of the new edition f ,n f the Bible? Then why teach our nir oung men to praise the Greek, in bad de nglish? The true aim of the study YO f the classics-as I understand it--is to. ye, ot to extract the wealth locked up it an, hew ; it is rot to cultivate the hu or uanities; it is not to prepare the di- no inity student for independent re earch ; it is not to attain the high nd pure mental deligh.s that thrill Co he soul of the devotee vho kneels at ch he ervstal waters of Attic fountains- no Th o, it is these, and inore than all these -it is to reach the mental develop- de Dent that can be attained by no tyl ther branch of study known to our Io chools. Education is nout the getting "l LI till f facts-it is discipline and develup- o uent. The value of Greek and Latin js s means of Edueation is due to the toi 'ry fact that they are dead lan.uages; hat their structure is widely different 1,o rom that of our own ; that to analyze ,t nd construct them accrding to our wi iws of speech, is an exercise of per. 'lu eption, memory and judgment that ' an be found in no other study. Away l1u ith the absurd belief that we pr :o to school to learn facts-that only re rhat we remember is valuable ! The L tudent is not wore reasonably ex ected to reinember all the Greek, in atin and Mathematics of the colleLe de ourse, than he is expected to carry in brougih life the barrels of fl.ur and Qoik eaten it youth. What ditTerence loes it aake to me whether I re- t0 nember a single particle of the Gre io r a single syllable of the Latin learn ly" d at school. What do I care for the eq bility to I-speak no cense in several tj auguages ?" The business of the til tudent is to assimilate. The ratiunal wa uestion is obt whether I know Greek Th diT nd Latin now, but whether I dli. thi ently studicd them at school. The na oeient clo-ics arc valuable because pri f their severe discipline--becanse by p,O he consensus of the first educaters of P he age they are best suited to insure On ymmetrical mental developuleut. Jo It is true that too little attention is as been given to our owu language ~ -and few changes cause a more hon- anm st pride than that felt in the in gia reaing interest bestowed upon the his tudy of Anglo Saxon. I triust that vi ur Alma Mater may, at no distant * ay, be distinguished by an endowed Ar hair of Philology and Litcrature; sh bat our young men may enjoy the to dvantages of a .eritical study of En- *0 lish classics; that, while honoi ing .e he Greek and Latin, they may learn tin roperly to appreciate the beauty and no trength and richness of our own noble sin car inguage-.a Qemt!emep, you will permit me to tro uggest that N?ewberry 'Spliege right- a:n iexpects souething from us. True, th e are few-yet it is gratifying to,P el that we are not aimlessly drifting ea have reason to know that four of for ur number arc unable because of we usiness engagements and matrimonial th liances, to stand where I stand to- C.( ay. We si.uld not let small ob- ext aeles prevent our annual pilgrimage mu this shrine of our love. We should Po irnestly seek to control public senti- co cnt in favor of liberal education- the o so far as our unendowed colleges bas e concerned, "the voice of the peo. 'hol le is the voice of God." The Collegedi iould never be long out of our the oughts. It is our duty to cherish rie er hopes-to illustrate her worth and the vindicate her claims. May her tha og be~ ogr ais-her aspirations our a pirations. May we neyer dislodge cha single spray fi-om the laurels of her cnd ecess-many we never ruffle a single mu ater in the flight of 1her hopes. the Then others withhold the helping ra nd and sustaining i'rm--when ad- tior ~rsity, if it come, aims it unkindest ide rusts and seeks to steal her dear the Fe, ah, nay (gr Almia Mater [never n to one of us and wound him with tijo e repreachful accents-Thou too, my fon n! We understand our duty in tha is matter; miay we have the courage pera discharge it. Who does his duty, con >s nobly ; he does-his duty. May ore zuslai and so live as to merit a hop nad ore precious than the spIce.n d tiara of the Pope, or the glittering calc adem that sparkles above the king- inst brow-the highest eulogium known elar pure hopes and noble ambition- belh e siu.ple words, Here was an hon- *h t man, wcho lived in pursuit of Her ruth, and died in discharge of imna ety. as i , _ ____________ coul Haunted Me as tern A Workingman says : "Debt, pov- or e y and suffering haunted me for Apr ars, caused by a sick family and poli -ge bills for doctoring, which did no r ad J was~ completely discouraged corn til one year~ age. by th~e advice of the rpastor, I procured Hop Bitters ilh?* d commenced their use, and in one" twe weeall well, and noeof Ispoli have beso sic! a day sinee; and the<4 want to say to all pt men, pg ueve keep your families e11 a year and h jop- Bitters "for 1 es than one ernn ~tor's visit will coat. $A pa we Nece%%ity of Edneation to ihe State, nid the Demiand tor Tr.:ed Men. iress Before the Literary Societies of New erry College, Delivered by Lt.-Gov. Inc. D. Kennedy, of Camden, June 21, 1881. Vhen I consented, my young friends, to iver the Anunal Address before your erary societies two motives uctuted me. Ethe love I bear for young people, the er the hope that my bumble effort might of some service. And as I look into your tily and oright faces I feel assured that i will pardon me if the practical address mi about to deliver may lack the flowers rhetoric or the finish of the schools. bubject is "the t ecessity of education the State and her demand for trained n." In the prcsent condition of South -olina what theme can be more appro tte or suggestive. It recalls the past, pples with the present and stretches fr into the future. Commensurate with demand, which the State has from time Lime iade upon her sons has ever been ,ir love and devotion to her. And this ection encourages thu hope, that tie e will never come when she aill be want in a sullicient number of them to ad ice her interests, defet,d her honor, and ain her pride. You are enlisted in the >e army of recruits she is :ow drilling I training for her se, vice, and she looks ward to your career with the deepest iety. Let us then counsel together to :ht and see, on the one haud, what is nanded of the State, and on tbe other ir duty to her. The South Carolina of day is not the South Carolina of twenty trs ago. In institutions, social relations, I political ideas a great change has come sr her. Irving's hero of the Catskills was more astonished at what he saw all und him on his return to his native vil c than one would observe here who had urned after an equal length of time. aservative, exclusive and opposed to mge, her people possessed miny of the Aest traits which could adorn humanity. ey were hospitable, generous and brave. e peculiar institution, however, which ,eloped in a great ineasu.e their peculiar >e of civilization was not calculated to ter enterprise or develop energy. Its imate tendeucy was to enervate and in ie must have deteriorated them. With large a preponderance of the servile class laborers, there wa6 too narrow a field competition, and the elevation and dig y of labor as a principle was necessarily -respondingly depreciated. There was inducement to the influx of white popu ion in such proportion as to k, ep pace h the demands for fresh material, and at ratio of increase in the inferior race, ich statistics show, it reqtired no special esig ht to have predicted what, in one adred years more, would in all human >bability have beeti their condition. The deucy was growimg more and more to enormous aggregal1on of lands, and yes in fewer and fewer hands. White opulation by enforced emigration w.o.ld vitably have ensued and effeminacy and ,eneracy, if history had repeated itsell, those that remained. Almost exclusive agicultural the attrition of competitive ustries was lacking, while there was an esce of diversiied pursu'ts so necessary give a people m4terial strength and wer. This was illustrated duriuig the late r, and sorely felt at every stage of it. gland's machinery, it has been buid, is ial to myriads of men, and has been a ver Pf strength to her in ejery crisis ough she has passed for generations. It s of immense advantage to the North. e intellectual culture of the State was ected to the abstract and Xsthetic ra r than the practical. Her roll of. great nes wiil ever fill their posterity with de and emulation. In letters she could itt to Notr. and Legare, and in oratory to ~ston and McDuffie. In the pulpit she 1 Thorn well, Gapers, Er.gland andl Fuller.1 the Bench she had Harper, O'Neall, mustone, the Wardlaws, arnd a galaxy of ainaries, as pure in character as they re grand in intellect, while ini statesman p aud finatrce Calhoun, Lowndes, Hlayne i Cheves were giants among a race of uts. In every epoch of their country's tory, wherever national honor was to be dieg.ted, or ua tional far.e ap'hlevedi, her1 is woni for' t'hmselves im perishable re an, and covered her with ah~alo of glory. d when in 1860m, in obedienrce to whatt deemed her duty, she summoned them the field of artns, they folloned their intry's flag for four long, weary years, I id alternate triumph and defeat, with a I oism and devotion the sp!saidor of whiphb e'can never aim rior mal!ice lessen. Arnd< v after sikteeti years have comeiind gone ee the curtain fell on old Carolina we Slook back fronm that event to ber birth Ssovereign State and take a calmer re-r spect of her development and growth, i observe iti her, and hecr sister States of I South, their weak as well as their strong1 ats. We have briefly alluded to somea ntch. We have not the time on this uc-c ion to do more, nor is more necessary1 our purpose. While the epoch in which I live diemiands energy and progress, at same time we have no0 patience with tho a so often raised of "Bourbonismn", when- I r that past is alluded to or its virtuese oiled. Let it be our aim i.o utiliee so e eh 01 it as may serve good and wise'pur es. No true people will ever turn theirt ks on their-past history with shanme orr tempt, or apologetcally cringe before t new order of things. It would be as I, e as it would be senseless. We cannot a c to its exclusi venegs or jertinse indivi- p lity, or perhaps ittolerauce of opinion. e ry do not suit our condition now. But c sense of honor, virtue, courage, chival- e courtesy to woman, arid appreciation of r amenities of life, which characterized c ,past, let us cling to and abide by as a hors ot safety anti guerdons of hope. t e, necessity atnd circumustances have a nged us. It is the fate of existence, il 'peopl'es and gov'ernments hmave th~eir e ations as well as individuals. Events in v r history seem to succeed each other in c id succession and each leaves its impress. ti rs and their results, increase of popula- ti and mateial progress develip new h sa and create new relations. Here in I e United States changes so momentous n e occurred in comparatively a few years a if the f&untde-s of the government, a se sage mern wio' organized~ it as thiey d ly hoped pn so sure and stable a basis la neither internal dissension nor foreign a s should ever disturb it, could have been a; iitted to look down upon its internecine ri Elict and its culmination in the complete p etbrow for years of their most cherished ta es, they would have starte~d back aghast ft te exhibition it presented of the fatlli- it y or~bun;an w'isdoty, the fQlly of'human t< ulations, and the instability of human C tutions. A lew years 'tis true had only w sed when the~ prescienit eye of Jefferson U< eld its mutterings, and his soul was p bled with the same fears which had at le adop.ion of the Constitution alarmed b< ry and Mason, but none of them ever pl ined that the struggle would evehituate pl did. It came at last and shook the at try from centre to circumference. It si oassed into history and we shall not ci rits tom~b to raie up ita aanez, or at. tt >t to analyze its prittcip'es, mteasures ph vents. When tIme sun set on the 9th of ti< 1, 1865. it set on a country in whose st y changes were to be wrought whtichr ec influence its destin) for all tinme. Slave- sy rtd Secession were there buried in one a rnon grave, and the South lost forever sui ~euliarities whieh had marked her ctv- or ion and polity. We draw the veIl lite- ec over the tep y,ears whichi folloived te 3of military rule, and of political cl aion and repression. The narration of id vents which characterized them will VR r cease to amaze the student of history of hog eyery truie patriot in thts broad by of ogr'of19tr f constitutioa o-g ent the world oye-.- i operty, intelligence and responsIbility se laid prc!strate at the feet of Ignorance, th )rejudiee aid corruptior. I'it. time the tnteliorator of hupian condition, and tLe innd-maiden of change was at work, until Nhen forbearance cou'd forbcar no longer, .he people of Soi1h Carolina by one sI iremte, uniied ctfort once more asstmed :ou:rol of the State, and now for neariy ivSe vi-ars they have had lighter hea-ts and >righter hopes. "Civil wounds" says Dra yer in his Civil Policy of America, "heal juicker than foreign," and its truth has )eeni in:i !reat measure verilied in our own siison. Tiere is a growing and streigt-I !niniz feeling of fraternal rega3rd between lie North and the South which promises )eveficent, and lasting results to the whole :ocntry. Startling changes have occurred n the I o-t few years, and manifold wrongs iave been perpetrated, but the conserva .ive principles which lie deep down in the Inrican heart, and are the bed rock of mir ir.stitut.ions, have been a;serting them elves, and will continue to do so. We are L part of tlis great country and its fortunes tud destiny are ours. An-l inseparably :oi1nected as we are with its destiny and Lnd fortunes we have our duties to perform Lnd our responsibilities to meet. We live is it were under a new order of existence mrid must adapt ourAelves to its changes, ts ideas and its relations. We must take t as we find it, and make the most of it. 'he pressure upon us in some respects is mormous, but let it; only stimulate us the nore to rise to the fuilest requirement of luty and of responsibility, and letus take our -eckonings as the bold and confident mari ier does when the clouds above him are lirk, and the waters beneath stormy and yoisterous. And if true to ourselve.,, we vill yet behold the sun come forth from hese clouds, bright and beautiful, and the torm-tossed waters grow calm and peace. ul. To do this we must act wisely, reso utely and hopefully. We live in an age of -estless activity and of un wonted energy, an ige o progress and development, when the Ireamer, and the ideologue as Napoleon vas wont to term the abstrctionist, will be >utstri-.ped by the practical pushing work r. It is an age in which individual efforts ell with prodigious effect., and yet when he mass of workers moving apparently on liverging lines, are converging to the ac :omplishinent of astounding results. South Carolina possesses advantages, and nducements which are attracting a portion >f the tide of capital and labor in this di -ection. She has'tis trUe but thirty-four housand square miles of territory, but with ier climate, soil, products. streams, mineral nd phosphate wealth, apd commercial ad rantages is capable of supporting five mil ions of people. The State of Ohio with )nly five thousand more square miles has lready four tines her population. The novement of capital is now perceptible Lnd the tramp of advancing population can 3ready be heard, while the whistle of the oco., otive, the hum of the spindle and the )ick of the miner will awaken in the near 'uture the echoes of her hillsides and val eys. It is a subject which demands the nost earnest and serious thought. It will int come in a day or a year, but come it vill and we must be prepared. for it. The :urrent is beginning to be turned South vard, and once it is thoroughly turned it vill force its way by its own momentum. ts result will be increased activity and igor, with new fields of enterprise. We nuit prepare for it and to do so must look he situation squarely in the face. And the uestioni which presents itself w:tb a f.ree hat will not down at our bidding is this: Nhall we suffer our young men for want of raining and adaptability to the ezigencies nd demn-Is of that future to be forced ack, and instead of becoming leaders and mportant Factors in the march of events ake subordinate or unimportant positions n the temple of progress. It is only by itting them for tie future that they can r,ipple with its necessities, or fulfill its re uriremiens. Thorough training and sys ,emnatic en!ture will alone etnable them to to so. It cart, it mu.t he done. The fu nre of the State denmands trained men. Whiat do we mean when we speak of train d men 7 We reply in a homely way, meni vho by their edug~ation, habits of thought, .nd purposes in life, are adapted and ca >aeltated to fill to the fullest measure the luties whieb may devolve upon them inI he differenit avocations in life which they nay select for themiselves. These avoca ions will diepend not only on the bent of heir dispositione and adaptability, biut the equiremnents'whicht the State may have for heir service's on thie particular lines of ac-1 ion they may select for themselves. Anid s changes have occurred within the last ew years mis startling as they were unex-t eccted, and inaamiuch as we are more than, ver dependent on our own exertions, andt ur developmtent of mind and tnaterial pro ress to hold what we have already achiev d, and to open up new avenues of enter rise to promtote our future so must we ieet these ri quirements and demands by at ystemn of s.:hool and college training adap ed to par present and future condition., Ve must ntot only specialize our education I nd pursuiti, but extend the facilities and pportuni:ies of acqniring the one and ad ancinig the other. We mnust, if possible, r e more liber.al in our educational interests,r nd not hesitate to spend money in their I dvancemen,t. In the enhanced dignity of bor arising from our ntecessities andi hanged relations, and the tend;:ncy of the ourtrn towatros enterprIse amid material rengress, unless we do train our youths fora bie avocationts which lie before them, we inst suffer untold evils. The effort miust e made to develop and utilize their intel sts, energies and capacities. Turn where-| aever we may we have grave anid egmple; I roblems to solve, but it is useless, I notr rimitnal, for us to fold our arnms, or take I. ounsel of despair. We have besides lightr nough already, and hope suflcient to war-t snt every effort we are making to better i uir condition anid urge us oniward. Wee re ini one of those transition periods t nough n hieth titne, patienuce and work canr tone carry us. We have it in our power 1 ia very great degree to master the pres-. nt and fore-cast on'r fut:iro And let us in iew of our condiition and necessities, not ly look to the training of the intellects ofa te yourng anid their adaptability to our ma ~rial watrts, bitt also to the inculcation o>f igh standards of virtue arid of morality.t a the effort to cotnbinte them there can be h o retrogressioni, but a healthiful, inivigor- I tinig and lau.tin g progress. Ugw shall we >aduot our educational system to meetthe emands of our conditiotn ? To intelligent- n -understand it, we mnust ntecessarily take r brief retrospect of our past educational e stem, nhich was excellent for that pe- t od, hut rnot adapted altogether to our s resetnt st.atus Every system of educationC kest its comnplx:on in a great measure om the institin of a people and its e eas, ann :inetho~d: are those best adapted o ?oster' their p.eculia.rities. In South o arolina, for iniitance, before the war, there y as comuparatively no common school sys. a ir, and the general education of her peo- t e, in cotnsequence thereof, was more or ss restricted. The pursuits of her people ting miosdly agricultural, the demand for g -actical or scientific ediucaiti was comn- p iraively siinited. The avennes to success mm d promotion were confined almost exclu- tr rely to the pulpit, the bar, and the politi- a 1 arena. As a consequence ber edtuca. re nal trainitig was directed more to .neta ysies, the classics, and the softer humanii is Exetusive in her social system, and is rong ini the a'sertiont of her political and p, onornicaal ide-as, it was natural that such a de stern of educ-ation should be pursued. But Ie great change, as we have said, has en- 0 a ed, which has necessitited a change not ai Ily in our political and econoical, but a ucatiotnal iews algo. Whether for bet- a ror wor e'we are certainly' brought into di ser cotimnmon with the world, and its be 'as and systemns must take hold of us. te e are compelled to close in with the idea fr schools for particular branches adopted i Prussia and New England, and bare an Si e to the results of sneh training. &gd in s a epsigimats of TyIos..azd a,ppled ence we miust throw oureies abat of o n~eendous pro o'msdide last qurter ta If:. Ia , V. E-hicato.1 ef the people as A - . -. ..' irtined men for particular de partauents seem to be f ie t ide:-, :ti ks fnust adapt onrse-. o i-l.ei. Let uA pio--ot,e the one by it.e -c-i.: our ou due. 1i- #*,i it.-s. ird h.- oti-r b-v a Li::hor uctin i-i Ci-es awl liveLir:ies io: rhe--- wi> in the lover gra<les prov.o their pr.t tion and adiptation to tik- .,:id itm. --ove it. We do not pretend to say that iaue.tion alone will mnake u, a great er 1od pwoplb-, nor do we look to common -chiools or college training alove to solve the proh'ens before us, or overcome al! of jiiur difficulties. But we do assert that -diication is a n.cessity for one and the ier. and that it will help more than any )lne agency to remedy the evils from which re rare now suir-ring politically, and in :onsequence thereof ecouni.-ally. It goes to their roots, namely, ignorance, prejudice und 14ck of individual responsibility. In an ,ddress delivered in 1S78, at Sartog.a, be o:e the Bar Association of New York, Mr. Dexter lawkins, a prominent member of 1iw- profession, chose as his subject, "Edu -ationl the need of the South." It is by all )dds the best and most sensible treatise on the subject we hare ever read from that iectiorn of the country. It does credit to ais heart as well as his head. He discusses the question in all of its hearing., shows the itartling illiteracy of the South, and demon ,trates that only through education can jiniversul suffrage be made comipatible with rree institutions. He goes further and from i purely practical standpoint shows the itility and economy of intelligent over un ntelligent labor, and in proof adduces many -urious and satisfactory statistics. When ve consider the fact that fifty-seven per :entum of the population of South Carolina .rc illiterate we may well start back with istorishment and apprehension unless we take steps to correct it. It is a subject which appeals to the.patriot and the philan hropist, and wisdom and policy alike de rnand that we rise to the fullest measure of yur duty. The State has wisely taken hold .,f the subject, and we cannot be too liberal n our appropriations, so far as our means sill permit. Whether it is better to do it Dy general or local taxation is immaterial, provided the result is attained. With en arged means, increased facilities and engthened school terms the effect would in few years be perceptible on our condition. ro hav' good schools we must have comnpe tent teachers, and it is all impurtant that hey should be regularly trai.ned for the rork. To this end no n.ore beneficent in ititutiona can be established than Normal Schools. Teaching is a gift as well as an Lrt, and involves not only the idea of know ng but of imparting knowledge. A teach tr must have self-control, and his influence hould be felt morally as well as intellec ually. No bad, or ill-tempered man, should e permitted to teach. The methods of ;eaching and its disciplinary ideas have ma terially changed, while in text books and Lppliances st ll greater changes are notice tble. A teacher to be thoroughly -ompe tenr'must have the groundwork laid on a nost secute foundation. It is an immense responsibility. The Normal School insti tuted last Summer (1880), by ot.raccomplish .d Superintendent of Education, in wbich ie was so ably assisted by the incompara ble Soldan, the 'versatile atid br:lliant Ioynes, and the earnest arid talented Davis Lnd others, and to which Carlisle, Duncan ind Furman, names synonymous with earning. culture and piety gave their sup port and co-operation-did more Jor the :ause of education during Is sixty days ;ession In the training afforded the scores Af teachers in attendance than any other nstrumentality which could have been put n operation. With liberal appropri-.tions, "ull schools and competent teachers, the oundation is laid for a step higher in the ,ollegc and University curriculum for those aouth found especially proficient and wor hy in the various schools. The several J.olleges in tIhe State under the manage nent of their experienced and learned fa tuIties, and whose standards of edtucation ire so elevates! apd ennobling shou!d be ib. rally endowed and patronized, while the [Inicersity of t he State, the successor of that ;lorious old College, tIhe nursery of so many f her great men, and around whose venera >1e walls cluster memories and associations o dear to our people, an institution which ias been to Sogth Caroliia in the past what he, Academy of Plato and the Walks of the stagirite were to Athens, should be placed an the broadest and most comprehensive >asis. Then indeed will the State fultill the lestiny which blind old Milton saw, as in apt vision he contemplated the future of his ountry,, and renew ornce more her youth nd joy in the aitaintment, excellence and raining of the noble army of athletes which he will yearly send forth to build up h.-r vaste places, develop her power and utilize rer resources. We indulge in no Utopian Iream. The supply will keep apace with the lemand, and the d.emand will necessitate an ncreasedl supply. Let us rse how trained nen wi!l be- tneeded, and thus practically pply what we have briefly attempted to ormulate. We must have trained men or the paulpit, npon whose sboultders the naurtles of the good and pious who have naintained true religion can fall, and who >y the learning instilled into them in the dvanceed cour ses of our Colleges; and Sem nraries cant dispel thte imnpre'ssions and infiu nee of the n.odern school of infidelity, re resented by Darwin, Huxley, Tyndal!,Stu rt Mill, Spencer and others ; men who have *xhibite.i wonderful research in the domain 4f thought and science, but have counter ected it all by their attacks on rel;gions aith, and whio, withyt iaith themselves, ave in theira"estructive mania substituted othing in lieu thereof on which to hinge a ope or base a bclief. It is, however, the nosi subtle attack that has ever been made an religion, anrd it will not do to pooh-pooh t. It riust be met by learning and by ounter aggression. We must have mnen a fill our chairs of learning. Men who can ise to the level of the LeContes, Toy, Vtena 'le, Gilderslecye, DeTei-e, and numerous therf who by their learning are now shed ig lustre over Southern scholarship. Men rho in history will carryv on the work of asmsay, Rivers and Davidson, of Timrod nd Hayne in poetry, and of Sims in fiction.1 Ve mut t have men trained for public life, rho by their character, education and att a,inmntus will advance, if possible. still< iglier the proud reputation of the f Id Stare. ublic office is a high tryist, and its duties de raa<4 capucitf and patriotism. Every citi- - in bf a government should take a deep in trest in its welfare, nnd ours especially, rade by the people and for the people, de-t tands the love and watchful care of every itizen, for only thus can its blessings in meir essential and purer elements be pre ar-ved. The vast area of on,r country, its amparative sparsity of-population and scope< rindiv idual' action, serve at precent asi afety 'rilves, but the premonitions of the :>ntest between capital and monopoly on the I ne hand, and the great mass of the people a the other, gart already be seen, and unless irtne, wisdom and patriotism are exercised ad cherished to counteract these tendenciest oubles of' portentious magnitude threaten I s, Macaulay, ts far back as 1858, in a let-I r to Randall, the author of the Life und Torks of Thomas Jefferson, foresaw andC retold it. Our faith and hope lie in theC tople of the country, There must be men f the future who will influence them by cading themselves the paths of patriotism I ad of virtue. There Is an associaticia al" I ady in eistence for'ths diffusion or high iitical and economical views, and is dis-< ibuting the best works and treatises a both of these subjects. Its object most praseworthy and it shtould ber utronized. We have to steer between tmagogueism in all of its features mis-t admng the people on the one side, andt igarchical and autocratic tyranny and ex ,tions oppressing them on the othef. 4 - j tve the happy mean vgill lie struck. And I though changes -iave ensued and its ideas id wants have changed too, yet let us in alge the hope that the whole country will come more closely and indissolubly uni-t d, and that its coming statesmen freed om the passions of strife or the sCars of I ar may p"sess in the language of one of1 st-olina's - ''rilliant sons, ''.h asyeile naplicitg Or -' ps astii4e vVrtue, the subtle ( adfeloquent reasoning of Jefferson's won crful intellect; the broad and a le sweep HBamiltoo's national pride, the bpetuons d abounding patriotism of the elderAd A ams, the varied excelleney of Pineknrv. :lngt Morris, and Monre: w- l:v - sure Jul.ment ui iiin in wi m"e ti.e. pre.ence even these men bowed " We na:-t i tv- men trained for the iobe prot'es,ions of Li v ;:ndl icine. 'The for:ner deals with -he Its of :Ie uis.:ut.! he eiviliz:tion of i .-r rtefiete. i tie ch r:.eters ,f it. Jud:;e, :nd lawyers. South Cari!ina: has :ln:, stoe tcUpi, dI a pioud position in tcl p:ir ticular, aid is greatly indebtcd to the legal prof!e:.ion for much of her pre-cminencce in the past. Ihe litter progressin.t alno-:t yeairly nith won:erful strides has especial need of am:wad men. By its discoveries and :iyp;ic!es cea!:b h:s been improved, p:iin amelio:ated, and the happiness of mankinid promoted. No greater benefactors to the hunvan race h:ve ever lived than Harvey, .Jenier, and Crawford Long. We require trained men for that great lever of modern public opinion the press. which has been so aptly styled the fourth esta:e. It is amighty engine, and its influence on our people of in calculable importance. Here lies an inviting tield to our ambitious youths. It is, how ever, when we reach the domain of Dractical pursuits. and consider agriculture, commerce, rail ronds, factories, and mines, that we strike the cords of our material developnent, and enter the fields where lie the hopes of our future, and are encompassed our greatest demand for training. Through these means mtst we rise to the fullest measure- of.our advancement. We must develop our agri cultural'capacities, and strive for the maxi mum ofproducion on lie mininum 6f soil, and seek to make the State self-stoporting. We inu. kiw the conr-tituent elements of our soil,and c-rrect or supp!enent them bythe use of the pri.p-r app!iunce. '.'e must look not ouly ti priteli-l farn:i;. ,ut att,in the higicest theocetCcal kcowledze clso. The former must of cour.-e always be fiist cnd the substratum of the lr.tter, but this know ledge is essential to its higbest development. Agricultural chemistry as a study and science is all important in producing this result. Liebig has done the world incalculable ser vice in this respect, and we have in our own midst a gentleman, Dr. St. Julien Ray enel, who by his scientific acquirements and experiments has demonstrated the useful ness of such knowledge. The establishment of an Agricultural Bure-an was a wise meas ure, and its service hus already proven its beneficence, while its efficient and zealous Commissioner. is himselr a practical exam ple of what training will do. Its operations will grow larger each year and its usefulness become more and more apparent to our peo ple. What blher funcrions can. any citizen exercise than to help develop the agricultu ral resources of ibe State, and every f.tcility and opportunity should be extended to our young men to qualify them to :;dvance its in terests. We are as yet comparatively in our in fancy in the results which can be achieved. The 10th U S. Census, 'tis true, showed for South Carolina, 516,490 bales of cotton, 11, 763,729 bushels of corn, 2,715.443 bushels of oats and 962.431 bushels of wheat; but the time is coming when we will doauble the yield of cotton and quadruple, I trust, our yield of cereals. It can be carried to such perfection as not only to feed and clothe the State, with factories at our doors. but give us such a ?urplas of production which constitutes the real wealth of every people as will enable us to grow richer and stronger each year. As the basis of all reel and substantial material progress our agricultural interests must be promoted in every possible way. In it is in volved our economical status, and as our people come to ;omprehend more and more their tre nterests, and learn to utilize their powers, and understand better the economy of life and management of labor, in both of which they have progressed astonishingly in the last few years, will they develop the State as nature in her beneficence intended they should do. Our soil, climate, and the remunerations of farmaing must attract a large increase to our population. Their fore runners are already among as and they are but the vanguard of the thousands who are now gravitating in this direction. Increase of population will enhance the vaue of our lands and stimulate enterprise. Our young men must as far as possible be prepared for that time. Next in importance to our agri cultural development is the "tilization of our magnificent water power now running to waste in so many of our rivers and water courses. It is beginning to attract attention and the outlook for its developtnert is most encouraging. Wilh the superior advantages of a constant supply and the raw material at hand, thgs insnring steady and uninterrup ted work and higher profits, capital will seek iuvestment in factories. There are now a bout 120,000 spindles in operation and fully 30,000 more in process of erection, and their ;goods find a market even itt distant China, while the average profit over Northtern and English Mills has been com~puted at 20 per cent. or more. 1Mere is a field which re oniras tained men, and our young men must lie c.apactitated to take hold of and manage them. A knowledge of mechanics in all of its branches, and of engineering, chemistry, geology and mineralogy will not only fit them to do this but to turn their attention to Rail R?oads and mining enterprises. Tbere are already 1,500 moiles of Rail Roads In the State, with several hundred more under con tract, and in titme they will penetrate every portion and corner of the State. We have mineral wealth also to be developed, and about ai million of capital Is now invested in gold mining alone. There Is one mine in Lancaster County and another in 'Obester field County which, it is said,are t.urning out more gold than 21i citee mines combined of a neigl:boring State, which has considerable reputation for its mines, and the find of gold is pronounced by experienced metallurgists to be (qual to the finest veins of California. Our phosphate deposits, which have revolu tionized the production of cotton, seem al most inexhaustible, and after paying a roy alty of $100,000 to the State, yli a large profit on the capitag invesied in them. Nor must we ontit the necesity of trrining in commei-cial pursuits. No citizen plays a more imeportaut part in building up the State th an the merchant. It is to his brains, pluck and money that great enterprises owe their origini and success. And while It is nearly always by starting at the lowest trands of the ladder he works his way to the top, yet in no avocation win a liberal education and training i,ell with better effect. They will fit him 'all the better to fulfill his mission and :lestiny. In every great crisis which over take nations, no people have more influence, and while Kingdoms, States and Warriors wage wars or win renown the men who are st their backs and without whom they could tot move are the Rothschilds, Barings and Vanderbilts of the world. South Carolina das cause to bie pro.i4 of her merchants. rtey have e'nr iheen amonrg her most useful, ;ble andc~ enterprising citizens. Let our foung men aspire to fil their places and be :rained to do so. To this end the establish neat of a Commercial College would be a seful and valuable institution. Those at New York, Poughkeepsie, Baltimore and lsewhere have demonstrated their useful tess. There are avocations every wldare, and il around for the youn?' ue,n of the State, ad the outle.og is as bright as a full moon >n clear 'night. We must awake to our ue essities, and spare neither time, money nor >ains to place opportunities before them. UI avocatione are honorable, and their dig ity and usefulness will be enhanced in pro >ortion to the adaptation of our young men o fill them. Labor is honorable, and the rue man will di.ganfy any position. Epam nonas aiter Leuctra was ordered by his un rateful countrymen to sweep the streets of us native city. He obeyed, saying "the oc apation will not dishonor me, I will honor t." The demand for brains, pluck and push nvites all who are worthy to enlist and work' or progress and development. And we be eve the demand will produce those who vill rihe to its fullest requirement. It was uch a demand that developed those bold in ovators in the arena of mind, Bacon and bakespeare; Newton and Davie in Physics; teynolds and West in Art, and Watt, Fullon, Iephenson and Morse in Mechanics. As the id can never grow young again, so the past an never return, and it wopl4 lte stapreme oly in us to sit down a,td 4at fcj some pro >iions wing tg waft qs .qL a haven of pros city, or art mute despaif repine at what we ave been, or curse the %aes that things are ot as we might wish ~em to be. I'he fable if ercules and the Wagoner is as applicable o anankind to-day as it was when .Esop trote it. Nor let us indulge in gloomy. an icipations of the future of the country. T ome it is dark and gloomy, and tite gonflicts hey see ahead of us, wh.ether between capi al and the masses c,f the people, or in the testreetive syrcead of e6mamunism, fill their ouls 'with ineffable horror. To those who elieve in a God in history, and have faith iu he possibilities and outcome and conser-va im of this great country, and are workiug nih brave hearts and strong arms to bettet heir condition, the future preset4 Anthter sad brighter aspect. WYe lAage faith in its ature based44n ograith in its people. And se lAve 'espediai raith iti the energy,' deter nination and courage of the people of Soutsh 5trolina. Their history for- sixteen: years as been that oi a brave, self-:contained and4 ramest people, who haves grajpled wth ditli alties, sustained trials, awd ehiblted a for iade and hope amid surrounding+ .lhich were enough to have crushed in_ but such :is t!ev are, ::d have gradually forfiveyears worked themse!es up to their prezent poi:ion, from v.hich thev e1:1egirn with veerul hearts to cat their horo.cope for ak 'ittnc And from it they do not intend tv rro:ralle, ether politically or' ecotnmi cai\. But determined to maintain 'the one for whiea we have no apologies to make, and worki:z mantully to enlarge and develop the other, we have but to beun ited and hopeful andI exercise wisdom and. liberality, and ac c.1i juit;cc to all classes of our people to grow stronger and more prosperoU We. l:ive grave problems to solve, and vexations question, or duty and responsibility to meet, but time, increase of population and materia development will carry us through and out of them all. It is no time for pessimism or de-pondency, but for resolution, hope and euergy. A few words to you, ycung.gentlemen, in applicatioi of what I have said, and I am done. You are now being trained to tWke your places among the workers to whom ti State is looking forward'with anxious. col cern. You are coming on the stage of 7 tion with inviting prospects before you; JU wreck., and debris of the past arefast bein cleared away, and the foundationsof th-eew order of things, be its merits or demerits what they may, for we must take it as we tind it, are being laid sufficiently strong and sure for you to step in and play' your parts with assuranca and hope. Let your deter mination be fipcd that whatever avocation in lite you may silect that you will succeed in. it. Td do this you must work. -It is the pushing. working men who move the world and aculeve success. "Man," says a distin guished anther, "is a miracle of genius, be cause'he is a miracle of work." ivWg se lected your avoeation concentraft all of your energies upon it. Carlyle has- eloquently said, "tLe weakest living creature by con centrating bi- powers on a single object can accomplish something, whereas the strongest by di..perslng his over many may faiT fo ac complish anything." Cultivate self-coAtrol at!d supplement it with courage of convie tion, intensity of purpose, and entire truthful ness in all of the reladons of lifM.- r : "do noble things, hot diim them iif Nay long. And thus make life, death and that vast for ever one grand, sweet song." Do your duty wheresoever -your lot may be cast, or in whatever circumstances In lfe you may find yourselves. ' f iave always ad- V mired the character of old Davenport, of Stamford, who on that memorable day early in this century, when an eclipse of the sua enveloped the earth in darkness, opposed tho adjournment of the Legislature, which was being urged on the plea that the end of the world had come.,.and rising.iu his :seat said, "if the lasrday had1~fiAe Mtlredobe found io his-place and ding 4isWdatj, saif moved that candles 4,b9ngbS ig sohat-the house.might proceed wh its basiness." Let your love for the-ddar old 'S 'barn ; as bright as vestal fire, and never be extin guished on the altar of your hearts. Emui late the devotionaof her sons--wb1ravet every epoch of - hie istory ld'.ed boe honor an<Leerished bef intWrests.: You ae the de-cendants and kinsmen of men who have proven their lolalty to her; many of the:n by laying down their lives in her be half. You are t6 take their places in new -s bere. of action with new responsitilites. Be as true in your several spheres as .they were in theirs, and she will never have cause to question your devotion or censure your couduct. MVa"ed., June 16, 1881, by Rev. S. P. Hughes, Mr. -Wx P Housf.z to Miss KATxz A. 17aiSe -all of Newberry. POST :0SICE, NzwnERRY, S. C., June 18, JWL, List of advertised letters for week. eadin.. June 18, 1881: Adey, Prof. W. la. G. Mar'shal, Mrs. Lan Adaims, Mrs. E. F. vian Bouknight, Philip Neal, John Cannon, Miss Alice INeel, J. Burtok Hunter,-rg.Dollie (2) Varters.Mrs. Fancei, James, J. E. : Wicker, Mathias Long, Mrs. Jane A. 'ar#ies calling for letters will please say if advertised. E.W. BIOONE P. M. New aidtertsensi TO-DAY I The grand career of Newberry ColHege for the last twenty-five years is uppermaeta in the minds of the people, and lendseuthu siasin to the youthful hero of to-day ; we are enthused, and infused, and ask to be ex cused in calling attention to the attractigna -OF PLAIN and LACE BUJNTING8s DRESS COODS, SILKS AND SATIN. 30 Pieces Dress Goods marked with Red Ticket down to 6tc., 8tc., 10c, 12j-e., 15c. and 20c. COTTONADES AND LINIENS. Just tereived a new lot of LAWNS, which are marked low down to suit the times. TO-DAY! We present to you our little chief, famil iarly atnd affectionately called by the peo ple of Newberry, LITTLE JACOBY I Who is known to his cussomers all over the country through the thunder of his j.rice. We are closing out our FANCY L AWNS from Sc. to 12tc. MYard wide BLEACHING sold for oe., now at Se. F'ANS at all Prices. PA RASOLS AT COST.. SPECIALS. ~ 15 dez. L-idies' White Hese,h for k. per pair. 15 doz. Ladies' White Hoe, for tOc. p i pir, 10 dos Ladies' Fancy Hose, for 10c. per' pair, worth 20c. 10) doz. Baibriggan Hose, at 25c. 10 dez. t Rose, at 5c. Linen Bandkerchiefs, from Se. to SOce We would invkte all who visit thie city to call and examine our stock. Polite and courreus attention give4 every visitor, whether purchaser or net. BEN. H. CLINE & CO ICE CREAM! ICE CREAM4it 10E CR&EAX, pure and well fluet.d from 10 o'clock in the morning uatil o'clock at night..Ord,ers for -toan patis &4 promptly attended to At AC,J