Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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phies. We were once ci-iIouu tenough to believe with Pope, that worth made the man ; we have learned that the men make them selves, and that Worth-who by strange irony of fortune, is a Paris ian-makes the women ! About a century ago, during a session of the legislatu:e of Connecticut, an eclipse of the sun happened, and it seemed to many that the Day of Judgment was at hand. Some p mber moved the adjournment Ithe House; whereupon an old Puritan legislator arose and said, If the last day has come, I desire to be found at my place doing my duty; for which reason, I move that cand.es be brought so that the House rnay proceed with its basineu. Near tho close of the year 1880, the Legislature of S. C was-in sessioo. The State was dark enef .y, an eclipse of the moral sun, and a petiti>n was present ed to the Legislature-a petitiou consecrated by the prayers and telre of five thousand daughters of Carolina-a petition seeking re form, imploring protection against the greatesV public evil of the age; whereupon, a grave and rev erend seignior who should be a scorner of scorn and hater of hate who should be an enemy of pub lie vice and a conservator of pub ie virtue,' arose and said-'The aim is .a noble one, but to grant .r. this petition would break up the Democratic party.' How comes it that this evil wbicb is an enemy of peace, virture, bappiness,respec ability and Heaven-this friend of discord, vice, misery, infamy and Hell, is also the friend of the SDemocratic party? Disrupt the Democratic party ! 'Ye Gods ! it doh amaze me' that - men in so fii places should stoop to advo cate -so low principles! Oars has -u .become a government of speech making , a government in which low wit and strong lungs too of. " .ten bear off the laurels from modest meiit. The sage of ?bel " ema once said: 'England contains Twenty-sevenl millions of h-uman beigs-mostly fools.' Our own gi%a country contains fifty mil ogsi~a of human beings-mostly pofiticians! In the mind of the ~ iea& -Scotchajan, the difference would not beihorth the toss of a ceopper. We Einst feel that ours a.peculiarly an age of change ; 'et destitute of merit in the way ofReform. To find the great 1eveling-equalizing power of our. *y,. it is not necessary to wthe signs of the zodiac or consalt Chaldean tables. There s in. power in the land that is l-iorir than Argus-and more than riarens; a power with a ihon .andeyes~ and a thousand hands Sand a& thousand .tongues, . con trolled by a 'thousand earnest, threbbing t~ns ; a power more cha1ngefab? :than Proteus and mightier than, the Titans ; wear ing, withal, the i-ing of Gyges. It ~oposes to public-scrutiny things that seek to -shu observation ; writes things that no one should read, auid tells things that no one - -should hear. It calls license lib erty. It often causes us seriously -to wonder whether the vestal - ires smoulder in the temple of the soul-and whether the trail left by ~ he serpent on the wicked human heart, is darker and broader in our -'own laad than elsewhere. To the Z>zheads of this, vast power, Salma Sgundi gives the significant title 'Slang-whangers.' You may write the songs as well as make the laws 'vf the nation, but I defy you suc cessfully to invade the liberties of the people, ifyou let public-spirited men control the Newspaper Press. ~-Yes, the Press is the great equali zing power--which attempts to reform every thing but itself. CLik.e lago, it is 'nothing if not critical;' and it often reminds us of the malignant deity in tbe Bat tle of the Books: 'Criticism dwelt on the top of a snowy mcuntain in. Nova Zembla. At her right hand, sat Ignorance, her father s and husband, blind with age ; at her left, 6Pride, her mother, dress i ng her np in the scraps of paper herself had torn. There was Opinion, her sister, light of foot, hoodwinked and headstrong, yet giddp and perpetually turning. About her played her children Noise and Impudence, Dullness and Vanity,Positiveness, Pedan try and Ill-manners.' There is much that is bad in the newspaper press, for the history of the press for the last decade mnirrors the human heart for the same time. And yet I know of no greater reformer or more powerful guardian of popu Lr right. The reformer needs re form, so far as the English Jan guage is concerned, in its idiomatic strength and purity, it would be 'well if nine-tenths of the news papers could be-suppressed to-day. -*Of t-he many ex;e!Fences that mark the superiority of our civili zation. few shed greater lustre on the age than the honored posi tion held by the advocates of li b erakfemale education. Not even ihfrare intellectuality of George Etiokand other distinguished wo Ineni who were as surely born for fame as their critics were born for oblivion, can silence the senseless carpings of some who deem it due to their own sex to disparage the di~nitv and reni~h nf' t h ~ hose who are wont to speak of 9adies' schools as places. "Where edication, in its nobler sense, (Gives place to learning's shallowest pre tense Where hapless maids, in spite of wish or taste, On vain "accomplishments" their moments waste ; By cruel parents here condemned to wrench Their tender throats in mispronouncing French, Here taught in inky shades and rigid lines, To perpetrate equivocal "designs;" " Drawings that prove their title plainly true By showing nature "drawn" and "quartered" too. In ancient times, I've heard my grandam tell, Young maids were taught to read and write and spell ; Of tongues, each maiden had but one, 'tis said, (Enough 'twas thought to serve a lady's head.)" However true these lines may have been, however true they way be, few men now feel cailed upon to illustrate the dignity of their own sex by sitting in judgment of the merits and wants and capabilities of the female intellect. It is a matter ofcongratulation that many of our standard institutions of learning no longer retain above their portals the forbidding moni tion. Who enters here must-wear oantaloons, but have thrown open their doors, and now offer the maidens of our land all the advan tages of liberal education. But while in the matter of female training, Reform is advancing and extending and developing sys tems and opportunities, it touches our male colleges with a quite dif ferent spirit. This practical spirit that always asks, Will it pay ? has taken hold of our college curricu iums, and with an aim far more bonest than commendable, seeks t.o remodel them at the expense ")f the ancient classics. Most of these would-be reformers who try to thrust Greek and Latin from b he proud eminence they bave so )ng held in our institutions of learning, are about as well quali ied for school-teaching as Caligu ta's horse was for the consulship. the course of instruction which they would dictate is like them selves, "fearfully and wonderfully made." It is as refreshing as the bill of fare of the hapless indivi dual who took br.ead and soup for breakfast, soup and bread for din ner, and for supper, bread and soup. They would give us first, riti ng. reading and 'rithmetic thben reading, 'rithmetic and 'riting -and as a capstone to this superb monument of wisdom, 'rith metic, 'riting and reading. The people are diffident of their ability to to mark out a proper course of in struction ; and, though they feel that much time is devoted to the study of Greek and Latin, with nost unsatisfactory results, they are content to let the question rest with the school-men on the one hand, and the practical re formers on the other. But while much of this fault finiding comes from men of balf-ilarning, the op position in some quarters is strong and dignified because it is carried forward by men of scholarly cul ture, trained faculties and capa cious minds. On this account, it is not out of place for us to inquire what is the true position of Greek and Latin in our colleges. With out attempting a refined or ex austive investigation of the sub ject, let us see whether the con servatism cf the school-men is contemptible or judicious-wibeth er this dcsire of change is suggest ed by true principles and control led by proper motives-whether these literary coroners should be allowed to told a post mortem ex amination, and bury tbe ancient lssics because the verdict is "Dead." Why should not the an cient classics be banished friom the school-room ? You answer. First you tell us of the voluptuous rich ness and flexibility of the Greek, and the admirable precision and perspicuity of the Itatin ;you cannot sufficiently praise and ad mire the wealth of wisdom of an cient sages and statesmen; and you never grow tired of extolling the honeyed eloquence thbat sat on Attic lips . Ah our own is the noblest tongue that ha.s b2en in the mouth of man for hundreds of years ; a tongue that sweeps in its wide embrace every shade of beauty and force, wit and humor, pathos, grace and sublimity ; the tongue that "Chatham spoke. Milton, Shakespeare sung." And the wisdom of ancient sages is now found in vigorous English, polished and beautified by the maii of luminous modern minds. You indulge in honeyed commendation of the language of' "dark-haired, spotless, sweetly-smiling Sappho," and the tongue that thrilled the sweethearts of Wrace. Now you are flapping your wings against the base of Parnassus ; let us avoid that, and be practicai. You say surely there is something worthy of consideration in these last. ing monuments of Livy and Thuey dides, Herodotus and Cicero, Homer and Virgil; these monuments that outlived the crumbling Corinthian coluns and the glittering pageants that swept along the banks of tagny Tiber. Ah, but have not Pope and Bryant given us this wealth of poetic beauty in our own language ? Have not our own great historians shed light upon the masterpieces of Livy and Thueydides ? Have not modern sages visited the shades of Tusclum and brought back the riebest wisdom of noble Tully ? You say it would be1 inhuman to place the works of Homer .r~A Yg~ntmhnn T~pjrn~ 'nd I-Tt~rnoc~ Eid monumei:: raread by the matehh ess renius of Niiltoo is "-sprinkled 6vith ti; aiau.c ntd du t" of c!aszie beauty. Yes, but Milton's Latin poems idd little to his fae ; and, you re mIIIember, Macauiay says. nf noble work of iwagination as far as we eau recollect, was ever cowosed by arny man except in a dialect which he had k-erned without remembering haw or w ;:--arid which he had spokin k h perfect ease before he had ever ana lyzed itS structure." You become earnest and make an appeal that stirs our sympathies when you say that in order to coipare and analcze-in eerder to investigate divine truths and u..derstand their uice shades of mean ing, the student of the Bible must understand Greek. Ah ! mark the fact that the committee appointed to revise the Bible comprises some of the most scholarly winds, and most criti cal judgments, and most cultivated tastes of the age; they have materials that will never reach the private stu dent; they investigate and translate under the most favorable circun stances. Must it not be a bold and adventurous wind that will investigate beyond the reach of the new edition of the Bible? Then why teach our young men to praise the Greek, in bad English? The true aim of the study of the classics-as I understand it--is not to extract the wealth locked up in them ; it is rot to cultivate the ha wanities; it is not to prepare the di vinity student for independent re search; it is not to attain the high and pure mental delights that thrill the soul of the devotee vho kneels at the crystal waters of Attic fouutains; no, it is these, and wore than all these -it is to reach the mental develop. weut that can be attained by no other branch of study known to our schools. Education is not the getting of facts-it is discipline and develop went. The value of Greek and Latin as means of Edpcation is due to the very fact that they aee dead lanvua,es ; that their structure is widely different from that of our own ; that to analyze and construct them accordiag to our laws of speech, is an exercise of per ception, memory and judgment that can be found in no other study. Away with the absurd belief that we go to school to learn facts-that only what we remember is valuable ! The student is not more reasonably ex pected to remember all the Greek, Latin and Mathematics of the college course, than he is expcted to carry trough life the barrels of fl-ur and poik eaten it' youth. What ditTerence does it nmakec to me whether 1 re memrber a single particle of the Gre< k or a single syllable of the Latin learn ed at school. What do I care for the ability to 'espe-ak no cense in several languages ?" ~The business of the studlent is to assimilate. The r-ationmal question is not whether I kuow Greek and Latin now, but whether I dili gently studicd them at school. The ancient clamsies are valuable because of their severe discipline-because by the conseusus of the fir-st educatcrs of the age they are best suited to insure symnaetrical mental development. It is true that too little attention has been given to our own language -and few changes cause a more hon est pride than that felt in the in creaing interest bestowed upon the study of Anglo Saxon. I trust that our Alma Mater may, at no distant day, be distinguished by an endowed chair of Philology and Literature; that our young men may enjoy the advantages of a ,critical study of En glish classics; that, while honoring the Greek and Latin, they may learn properly to appreciate the beauty and strength and richness of our own noble language. Qectlem eu, you will permit me to suggest that Newberry' Cpliege right ly expects something from us. True, we are few-yet it is gratifying to feel that we arc rnot aimlessly drifting I have reason to know that four of our number are unable because of business eng-agements and matrimonial dliaces, to stand where I stand to day. We should not let small ob stacles prevent our annual pilgrimage to this shrine of our love. We should earnestly seek to control public senti ment in favor of liberal education fr so far as or jnendowed colleges are concerned, "the v'oice of the peo ple is the voice of Goed." The College should never be long out of our thoughts. It is our duty to cherish her hopes-to illustrate her worth and to vindicate her claims. May her aim e our aims-h er aspirations our aspirations. May we neyer .dislodge a single spray from the taurels of her success-may we never ruffle a single feather in the flight of her hopes. When others withhold the hel1 ing hand and sustaining mrm--whcn ad versity, if it come, airms it unkindest thrusts and seeks to steal her dear life, T;, niay ompr A hua Mlater never turn to one of us and wound him with the reproachful accents-TJhou too, my son : We understand our duty in this matter; miay we have the courage to discharge it. WVho does his duty, does nobly ; he does-his duty. May we so aim and so live as to merit a reward mno;e precious than the splen id tiara of the Pope, or theglittering diadem that sparkles above the king Ly brow-the highest eulogiumu known to pure hopes and noble ambition the sinple words, Here was an hion st man, wcho lired in pursuit of Truth, and died in discharge of puty. HaunItedi Me. A Workingman says :"Debt, pov arty and suffering haunted me for ears, caused by a sick family and arge bills for doctoring, which did no ;ood f was completely discouraged til one y i- ag by the advice of ny pastor, I procured Hop Bitters I mlcmecdterus,adi n l'ie Nea-es%ity of' Education to Mle State, ::nd tMe Deia:ud for Tri :ed Meii. Address Before the Literary Societies of New berry College, Delivered by Lt.-Gov. Jnc. D. Kennedy, of Camden, June 21, 1881. When I consented, my young friends, to deliver thi' Annual Address before your Literarv societies two motives actuated me. One, the love I bear for voting people, the other the hope that my hwmble effort might be of some service. And as I look into your manly and bright faces I feel assured that you will pardon me if the practical address I am about to deliver my lack the flowers of rhetoric or the finish of the schools. My .uhject is "the : ecessity of education to the State and her demand for trained men." In the present condition of South Carolina what theme can be more appro priate or suggestive. It recalls the past, grapples with the present and stretches far out into the future. comimensurate with the demand, which the State has from time to time made upon her sons has ever been their love and devotion to her. And this reflection encourages the hope, that the time will never conic when she will be want ing in a suflicient number of them to ad vance her interests, defet.d her honor, and sustain her pride. You are enlisted in the noble army of recruits she is now drilling and training for her service, and she looks forward to your career with the deepest anxiety. Let us then counsel together to night and see, on the one hand, what is demanded of the State, and on the other your duty to her. The South Carolina of to-day is not the South Carolina of twenty years ago. In institutions, social relations, and political ideas a great change has come over her. Irving's hero of the Catskills was not more astonished at what he saw all around him on his return to his native vil lage than one would observe here who had returned after an equal length of time. Conservative, exclusive and opposed to change, her peop:e possessed m.ny of the noblest traits which could adorn humanity. They were hospitable, generous and brave. The peculiar institution, however, which developed in a great measure their peculiar type of civilization was not calculated to loster enterprise or develop energy. Its ultimate tendency was to enervate and in time must have deteriorated them. With so large a preponderance of the servile class as laborers, there wa too narrow a field for competition, and the elevation and dig nity of labor as a principle was neccssaiily correspondingly depreciated. There was no inducement to the influx of white popu. "tion in such proportion as to k-ep pace with the dtnands for fresh material, and at the ratio of increase in the iiferior race, which statistics show, it rEquired no special foresi,ht to have predicted what, in one hundred years more, would in all human probability have been their condition. The tendency was growing more and more to the enormous aggregation of lands, and slaves in fewer and fewer hands. White depopulatiori by enforced emigration won1ld inevitably have ensued and effeminacy and degeneracy, if history had repeated itself, in those that remained. Almost exclusive ly agr icultural the attrition of competitive industries was lacking, while there was an absence Qf diversitied pursuits so necessary toj give a people material strength and power. This was ilhytrated duriog~the late war, and sorely felt at every stage of it. England's machinery, it has been said, is equal to myriads of men, and has been a to'wer of strength to iaer in eyery crisis through she has passed for generations. It was of immense advantage to the North. The intellectual culture of the State was directed to the abstract and tosthetic ra ther than the practical. Her roil of. great names will ever fill their posterity with priae and emulation. In letters she could point to Nott and Legare, and in oratory to Preston and McDuffie. In the pulpit she had Thorn well, Capers, Er.glanid and Fuller. On the Bench she had Harper, O'NeaIl, Johnstone, the Wardlaws, and a galaxy of lumiinaries, as pure in character as they were r-and in intellect, while in statesman ship and finance Calhoun, Lowndes. Hayne and Cheves were giants among a race of giants. In every epoch of their country's history, wherever national honor was to be vindicpted, or national faie aphieved, her sons won for ~ hem.salves imxperishable re notwn, and covered her with a halo of glory. And when in 1860, in obedience to what she deemed her duty, she summoned them to the field of arms, they folloned their country's flag for four long, weary years, amid alternate triumph and defeat, with a heroism and deyotion the splosador of whipb timecan never dim nor malice lessen. And now after sikteeni years hiave cotme ind gone since the curtain fell on old Carolina we can look back from that event to her birth as a sovereign State and take a calmer re trospect of her development and growth, anid obser!e in her, and her sister States of the South, their weak as well as their strong points. We have briefly alluded to some of each. We have not the time on this oc casion to do more, nor is more necessary for our purpose. While the epoch in which we live demiands energy and progress, at the samne time we have no patience with the ry so often raised of "Bourbonism", when ever that past is alluded to or its virtues extolled. Let it be our aima to utilise so much ol it as may serve good and wise pur poses. No true people will ever turn their backs on their past history with shanme or contempt, or apologetically cringe before the new order of things. It would be as base as it would be senseless. We cannot hold to its exclusiveness or int4nse indivi duaity, or perhaps itolerance of opinion. They do not suit our condition now. But the sense of honor, virtue, courage, chival ric courtesy to woman, and appreciation of the amenities of life, which characterized that past, let us cling to and abide by as anchors of safety and guerdons of hopt'. Time, necessity and circumustances have changed us. It is the fate of existence, and 'peoples and governments htave th'oir mutations as well as individuals. Events in their history seeni to succeed each other in rapid succession and each leaves its impress. Wars and their results, increase of popula ton and material progress devel'op new ideas and create new relations. Here in these United States changes so momentous have occurred in comparatively a few years that if the fc,unde-s of the govcrntnent, tose sage meVi wlo' organized~ it as they fondly hoped .on so sure and stable a basis that neither internal dissension nor foreign wars should ever disturb it, could have been permitted to look down upon its internecine cont1iet and its culmination in the complete overthrow for years of their most clherished hopes, they would have started back aghast at the exhibition it presented of the falli bility ci'hn;ani vwisdorm, the fplhy of'human calcuations, and the instability of human institutions. A few years 'tis true had only elapsed when the prescient eye of Jeffetrson beheld its nmutterings, and his soul was troubled with the same fears which had at the adop. ion of the Constitution alarmed enry and Mason, but none of them ever imagined that the struggle would eventuate s it did. It came at last and shook the :ountry from centre to circumference. It as passed into history and we shall not inter'its to;4,b Lo rake up its aae or at .empt to analyze its princip'es, measures r events. When the sun set on the 9th of1 pril, 1865, it set on a country in whose oity changes were to be wvrought which ill influence its desting for all time. Slave -v and Secession were there buried in one ommnon grave, and the South lost forever he peculhiarities which had marked her civ-< lipttion and polity. We draw the veillihke vis owve. tbe ,n years whi4h followedt prejudce and corruptior. l time the ameliorator of human condition, and tLe h~nd-maiden of change was at work, until when forbearance cou'd forbear no lrmngcr. I the people of ,ow'lh ('arolina by one sn premne. unit rd ctI":rt once more aSsune d con:rol of the State, and now for nearly five vears they have had lighter hearts and brighter hopes. "Civil wounds" says Dra per in his Civil Policy of America, "heal quicker than foreign," and its tr,uh his re,t: in : reat measure verified in our own i:on. Tnere is a growing and ttrei.gt eninr feelin: of fraternal regard between the North and the SouLh which promises beneficent, and lasting results ro the whole country. Startling changes have occurred in the 1 .st few years, and manifold wrongs have been perpetrated, but the conserva tive principles which lie deep down in the Anric nn heart, and are the bed rock of our institutions, have been a-serting them selves, and will continue to do so. We are a part of this great country and its fortunes and destiny are ours. An.1 instparably connected as we are with its destiny and and fortunes we have our duties to p.rform and our responsibilities to meet. We live as it were under a new order of existence and must adapt our.elves to its changes, its ideas and its relations. We must take it as we find it, and make the most of it. The pressure opon Us in soie respects is enormous, but let. it only stimulate us the more to rise to the fullest requirement of duty and of responsibility, and lrt us take our reckonings as the bold and confident mari ner does when the clouds above him are d.ark, and the waters beneath stormy and boisterous. And if true to ourselves, we will yet behold the sun come forth from these clouds, bright and beautiful, and the storm-tossed waters grow calm and peace ful. To do this we must act wisely, reso lutely and hopefully. We live in an age of restless activity and of unwonted energy, an age of progress and development, when the dreamer, and the ideologue as Napoleon was wont to term the abstractionist., will be ontstri--ped by the practical pushing work er. It is an age in which individual efforts tell with prodigious effect. and yet when the mass of workers moving apparently on diverging lines, are converging to the ac complishnent of astounding results. South Carolira possesses advantages, and inducements which are attracting a portion of the tide of capital and labor in this di rection. She has 'tis true but thirty-four thou,and square miles of territory, but with her climate, soil, products, streams, mineral and phosphate wealth, a.nd commercial ad vantages is capable of supporting five mil lions of people. The State of Ohio with only five thousand more square miles has already four times her population. The movement of capital is now perceptible and the tramp of advancing population can already be heard, while the whistle of the loco:' otive, the hum of the spindle and the pick of the miner will awaken in the near future the echoes of her hillsides and val leys. It is a subject which demands the most earnest and serious thought. It will not come in a day or a year, but come it will and %%e must be prepared. for it. The current is beginning to be turned South ward, and once it is thoroughly turned it will force its way by its own momentum. Its result will be increased activity and vigor, with new fields of enterprise. We must prepare for it and to do so must look tihe situation squarely in the face. And the question which presents itself with a f-ree that will not down at our bidding is this: Shall we suffer our young men for want of training and adaptability to the ezigencies a:id deman-Is of that future to be forced back, and inistead of becoming leaders and important factors in the march of events take subordinate or unimnportant positions in the temple of progress. It is only hy fitting them for the futture that they can grapple with its necessities, or fulfill its re quiremients. Thorough !raining and sys temnatie culture will alone enable them to do so. It can, it muet. he done. Tile fu ture of the State demands trained men. What do we mean when wve speak of train ed men 9 We reply in a homely way, men who by their edug.ation, htabits of thought, and~ purposes in life, are adapted and ca pcitated to fill to tile fullest measure the duties which may devolve upon them in the different avocations in life which they rmay select f>r themselves. These avoca tionis wvill depend not only on the bent of their dispositions and adaptability, but the requirements'whichl the State may have for their services on the particular lines of ac tion they may select for themselves. And as changes have occurred within the last few years ss startling as thley were unex pected, and inamc as we are more than ever dependent on our own exertions, and our development of mind and fiaterial pro gress to hold what we have already achiev ed, and to open up new avenues of enter prise to promote our future so must we meet these requirements and demands by a system of school and college traininugadap ted to puir present and future condition. We must not only specialize our education and pursuits, but extend the facilities and opportunities of acquiring tIhe one and ad vancing the other. We must, if possible, be more liber.d inl our educational interests, and not hesitate to spend money in their advancemelnt. In the enhanced digtnity of labor arisitg from our tecessities and changed relations, and the tndapcy of the country tow.ardOs enterprise and material prgress, unless we do trainl our youths for the avocations whlich lie before thlem, we must suffer untold evils. The effort must be made to develop and utilize their intel lects, energies and-capacities. Turn where soever we may we hlave gravTe arnd ce,mple; problems to solva, but it is useless, If not criminal, for us to fold our armls, or take counsel of despair. We have besides light enough already, and hope sufficient to war rant every effort we are making to better our condition and urge us onward. We are in oneC of those tra.nsition periods though w haieh time, patience and work can alone carry us. We have ir. in our power in a very grteat degree to mastpr th;e pres ent and fo'rec.'st oh'r futuro. And let us in view of our conditica and necessities, tnot only look to the training of the intellects of the young aind their adaptability to our m.a reial watms, but alsO to the inculcation of igh standards of virtue antd of morality. Iu tile effort to comnbine them there can be no retrogressiotn, but a healthful, inivigor ating and laating progress. Uc'w sh.dl we sodtct our educattonal systein to mleet the :emands <:f our condition ? To intelligent y understand it. we must necessarily take brief retrospect of our past educational system, n hiehl was excellent for tha~t pe io,1, but. not adapted altogether to our present status Every system of education akes its complex:on in a great m:esure roml the inst itmlio:ns of a people arid its deas, and maethcidi Er's those best adapted tc 'o4ter their peculiarities, in South Jarolina, for instance, before the war, there ,as conmpa.-atively no0 common school sys em, and tihe general education of her peo. ple, in consequence thereof, was more or less restricted. The pursuits of her people eing mtostly agricultural, the demand for ractical or scienific education was comn aratively liimited. The avenlues to successi d prormotion were confined almost exclu-t tively to the pulpit, tile bar, atnd the politi al arena. As a consequence her educa joal traitning was direeted more to azeta ihysies, tile classics, and the softer humanii is Exc!usive in her social systemh, atndi trong in the ass.rtion of her politic-il and conomtlical idras, it was natural that such a ys:em of edlucation should be pursued. But I great changte, as we have said hlas en tcd hc a eesiie ht~ o ned, wich our necesitialted a chntange not lyc iour oiti al and economical, bet ducaona wrie'we alcetanl Whbhrogh ieto a IV. l",eation t:f the people as : - ...t:.. irti nedt 11wn" fo parti "ular det parit,ents seem to bt" .t8 ' ; !., i d . Timt adapt onr,ch- to then. Let - tl t t' t!P one ly i et i : 0111r th:" ti. N1en t - e il :h-- r I :' h 1 a "i"::hI t duc1e tioi' 1:: C.t iie :t t i,l,i-; r: itih- !t: tit - ;vho inl the lot: .rgradtes pro,:.- 1theit iL.he,tion and( ad.tpt:tion to Ik-- ..:d imi "ovt' it. We do not prciertd to say that t ..tion: alone willin ke tt. a great cr goond pt'tph"-, nor do we look to common cl:ools or college traiiingn alo>"e to solve the proh'ens before its, or ovecoie al! of ou" difficulties. But we do assert that education is a ntcessity ior one and the o her. and that it will help more than any one agency to remedy the evils from which r:e -,re now suferitng pcliticaiiv, .nd in ctnet(uence thereof econonti.ally. It goes to their roots, namely, ignorance, prejudi::e and lick of individual responsibility. In an atld:ts delivered in 1S7S, at Sara:og.r, b to-e the iar Association of New York, Mr. Dexer Hi.twkiis, a prominent meiier of th-' profession, chose as his subject, "Edu eation the ne I of the South." It is by all odds the best and most sensible treatise on the subject we have ever read from that sectiorn of the country. It does credit to his heart as well as his head. HIe discusses the question in all of its hea.ring;, shows the startling illiteracy of the South, and demon strates that only through education can universnl suffrage be made comdpatible with free institutions. He goes further and from a purely practical standpoint shows the utility and e..unomy of intelligent over un intelligent labor, and in proof adduces many curious and satisfactory statistics. When we consider the fact th3t fifty-seven per centun of the population of South Carolina are illitera*e we may weil start back with astonishinent and apprehension unless we take steps to correct it. It is a subject which appeals to the patriot and the philan thropist, and wisdom and policy alike de mand that we rise to the fullest measure of our duty. The State has wisely taken hold of the subject, and we cannot be too liberal in our appropriations, so ftr as our means will permit. Whether it is better to do it by general or local taxation is immaterial, provided the result is attained. With en larged means, increas(d facilities and lengthened school terms tie effect would in a !ew years be percaptible on our condition. To have good schools we mnust have coinpe tent teachers, and it is all important that they should be regularly trained for the work. To this end no n.cre beneficent in stitutiona can be established than Normal Schools. Teaching is a gift as well as an art, and involves riot only the idea of know ing but of imparting knowledge. A teach er must have self control, and his influence should be felt morally as well as intellec tually. No bad, or ill-tempered man, should be permitted to teach. The methods of teaching and its disciplinary ideas have ma terially changed, while in text books and appliances still greater changes are notice able. A teacher to be thoroughly compe tent'must have the groundwork laid on a most secure foundation. It is an immense responsibility. The Normal School insti tuted last Summer (1SS0), by ot.r accomplish ed Superintendent of Education, in which he was so ably assisted by the incompara ble Soldan, the versatile a.td br:lliant Joynes, and the earnest and talented Davis and others, and to which Carlisle, Duncatn and Furman, names synonymious with learning, culture and piety gave their sup port and co-operation-did more for the caulse of education during its sixty days session in thej training afforded the scores of teachers in attendance than any other instrumentality which could have been put in operation. With l':beral appropriitions, full schools and competent teachers, the foundation is Jaid for a step higher in the College and University curriculum for those youth found especially proficient and wor thy in the various schools. The several Colleges in the State under the manage ient of their experienced and learned fa culties, and whose standards of education are so elevated apd ennobling should be lib. rally endowed and patronized, while the University of the State, thesuccessor of that, glorious old College, the nursery of so many of her gree t men, and around whose venera ble walls cluster memories and associations so dear to our people, an institution which has been to South Carolin~a in the past what the Academy of Plato and the Walks of the Stagirite were to Athens, should be placed on the broadest and most comprehensive basis. Then indeed will the State iullill the destiny which blind old Milton saw, as in rapt vi.sion he contemplated the future of his country,, and rene w ornce more her youth and joy in the attainment, excellence and training of the noble army of athletes which she will yearly send forth to build up h,-r waste places, develop her power and util'ze her resources. We indulge in no Utopian dream. The supply will keep apace with the demand, and the demand will necessit.ate an increased supplv. Let us see how trained men will be needed, anid thus practically apply what we have briefly attemp~ted to formulate. We must have trained men for the pulpit, upon whose shoulders the mantles of the good and pious who have maintained true religion can fall, and n~ ho by the leartning instilled into themn in the advanced com!ses of our Colleg'et e,nd Sem inres can dispel th3 imnpre'ssions and influ ence of the n,odern school of infidelity, re presented by Darwin, Huxley, Tyndal!, Stu art Mill, Spencer anmi others ; men who have exhibitel wonderful research in the domain of thought and science, but have counter acted it all by their attacks on religions faith, and whot, withyL fith themselves, have in thleir ilestructive mania substituted nothing in lieu thereof on which to hinge a hope or base a belief. It is, however, the most subtle attack that has ever been made on religion, an]d it will not do to pooh-pooh it. It niuRt be met by learning and by counter aggression. We must have men to fill our ebairs of learning. Men who can rise to the level of the LeContes ,Toy, Vena ble, Gilderslcece, Def"ere, and numerous oterf who by their learning are now shed ding lustre over Southern scholarship. Men who in history wltl carry on the work of Ramsay, Rivers and Davidson, of Timrod and Haync in poetry, and of Sims in fiction. We mus t have men trained for public life, who by their character, education and att tainmients wvill advance, if possible, still igher the proud reputation of the (Jd State. Public office is a hig;h tru,st, and its dutries de tag caphe.ity and patriotism. Every citi tn of a government should take a deep in terest in its welfare, and ours especially, made by the people and for the people, de mands the love and watchful care of every itizen, for only thus can its blessings in their essential and purer elements be pre served. The vast a'ea of o;r country; its 3mparative sparsity of. popula'tion and scope or individual action, serve at present as ~ifty vailves, but the premonitions of the :ontest between capital and monopoly on the ne hand, and the great mass of the people >l the other, can already he seen, and unless Rtue, wisdom and patriotism are exercised nd cherished to counteract these tendencies roubles of portent:ious magnitudle threaten is: Macaulay, as far back as 18-58, in a let er to Randall, the author of the Life and h'orks of Thomas Jefferson, foresaw and oretold it. Our faith and hope lie in the eople of the country, There must be men n the future who wilt influence them by reading themselves the paths of patriotism Lnd of virtue. There is an association al'. -eady in existence jor~the diffusion ot high solitical and economical views, and is dis ribuing the best work-s and treatises in both of these subjects. Its object s most prutiseworthy" and it should be ~stromzed. We have to steer between lemagogueism in alt of its features mis eadmng the people on the one side, and ligarhical and autocratic tyranny and ex .ctions oppressing them on the ether. r t'0 leve the happy mean vt.ili lhe struck. And lthough changes -have ensued and its ideas iid wants have changed too, yet let us in lge the hope that ,he vhnole conntry will am s, th e v aried ex ce ei nc o r M ri'wsk av . :'r Miorris, and Moun-: - sure jnd,ment vi iian in ttu eii t.". pre(ence even these min 'hd " li i:-1 t'. :n trained for the no !'e protest: r' ii :w : l med ii' . i 4)( torm r '-: la !:> aln:: o cup )da t, ud po iinin ti:: r tteniar, .ait i-; grcat! l i::deiCd to the le ;' p:rt):,,,on for mnuch of her pre-eminenc( in the pa t. !he bit:er' Irt;reh . iin.: i ainu: year'.v n itii t"on it rtul s:ri,ies ha- e'=peci. ne':it 4r n:' : ! enti. BY its d icoveries t:t a: eli e ated, and the happiness of manki:d promoted. No ;reater benefactors to tli huntan race h:-ve "ver lived th:m Harvrv .enner, and Crawford Long. We rqittrc traine'1 men for that great lever of io, hru ;ublic opinion the press. whi.h ha s been s( aptly sty ed the fourth esta:e. It is a i;ih ty enginhe, 'ad its influence on our pcoc le of in calculabie importance. Here lies :n invnitn: tield to our ambitions vouitih-. It is, ho10c ever, when we reach the domain of Dractical pursuits. and consider agriculture, commerce, tail roads, factories, and mines, that we strike the cords of our material developn:vnit, and enter the fields where lie the hopes of our future, and are encompassed our greatest dem::nd for training. Through these means nust we rise to the fullest measure of. our advancement. We must develop our agri culturalcnp:witie., and strive for the maxi mum Or protiue-ion on he min imum of soil, and see; to mnke the State ellf-su1pting. We mti. ki.l w :i- co:1iituent2 el.nevt of our soil,anl correct or suppteinent them by the use o f the prep --r a pp!li:a e . . i' m)/ u t iook nti (4u:yT ;t ra tical' f.Zrm2t.. but att,in the highest theti,ccl k li iow*dec : nsc. The t'ormer must of cour-re a:vars be fist :and the substratum of the h-.ttcr, but this know ledge is essential to i:s highe t development. Agricultural chemistry as a study and science is all important in producing this result. Liebig has done the world incalculabie ser vice in this respect, and we have in our own midst a gentleman, Dr. St. Julien Ray enel, who by his scientific acquirements and experiments has demonstoated the useful ness of such knowledge. The establishment of an Agricultural Bu:e-u was a wise meas ure, and its service has a4ready proven its beneficence, while its efficient and zealous Commissioner. is himself a practical exam ple of what training will do. Its operations will grow iarger each year and its usefulness become more and more apparent to our peo ple. What biaher functions can any citizen exercise tl(an to help develop the agricultu ral resources of the State, and every f.teility and opportunity shoutd he extended to our young men to qualify them to advance its in terests. We are as yet comparatively in our in fancy in the results which can be achieved. The 10th U S. Census, 'tis true, showed for South Carolina, 516,490 bales of cotton, 11, 763,729 bushels of corn, 2,715.443 bushels of oats and 962.431 bushels of wheat; but the time is coming when we will double the yield of cotton and quadruple, I trust, our yield of cereals. It can be carried to such perfection as not only to feed and clothe the State, wita factories at our doors, but give us such a surplus of production which constitutes the real wealth of every people as will enable us to grow richer and stronger each year. As the basis of all real and substantial material progress our agricultural interests must be promoted in every possible way. In it is in volved our economical status, and as our people come to ggmprehend more )nd more their tr;e interests, and learn to utilize their powers, and understand better the economy of life and management of labor, in both of which they have progressed astonishingly in the last few years, will they develop the Stare as nature in her beneficence intended they should do. Our soil, climate, and the remunerations of f'armning must attrac~t a lar-ge increase to car population. Their fore r-unner-s are already among us and they are but the vanguar-d of the thousands who are now gravitating in this direction. Increase of population will enhance the value of our lands and stimulate enterprise. Our young men must as far as possible be prepared for that time. Next in importance to our agri cultural development is the utilization of our magnificent water power now running to waste in so many of our rivers and water courses. It is beginning to attract attention and the outlook for its developmnent is most encouraging. With the superior- advantages ot a constant supply and the r-aw material at hand, thus insiaring steady and uninterrup ted work~ and higher profits, capital will seek investment in factories. There are now about 120,000 spindles in operation and fully 30,600 tmore in process of erection, and their goods find a market even in aistaint China, while the average profit over Nor-thern and English Mi!ls has been ce,ted at 20 per cent. or more. lire is a field which re ouires rt:ined men, and our young men must be capacitated to take hold of and manage them. A knowledge of mechanics in all of its br-anches, and of engineering, chemistry, geology and mineralogy will not only fi them to do this but to turn their attention to Rail Roads and mining enterprises. There are already 1,500 inles of Rail Roads in the State, with several hundred more under con tract, and in time they will penetrate ever'y nortion and corner of the State. We have nineral wealth also to be developed, and about a million of capital is now invested in gold ining alone. There is one mine in Lancaster County and another in Obester tield County which, it is said,are turning cut more gold than e.l cithe mines combined of a neighboring State, which has considerable reputation for its mines, and the find of gold is pr-onounced by experienced metallurgists to be c qual to the finest veins of California. Our phosphate deposits, which have revolu tionized the production of cotton, seem al most inexhaustible, and after paying a roy alty of $100,000 to the State, yld a large profit on the capitaf in,'ated in them. Nor must we oniit the necesity of tr.ining in conmercial purs.uits. No citizen plays a mor-e imnportanit part itn building up the State than the merchant. It is to his brains, pluck and money that great enterprises owe their origin and success. And while it is nearly alwvays by starting at the lowest reands of the ladder he works his wray to the top, yet in no avocation wm a liber~al education and training hell With better effect. They will fit him 'all the better to fulfill his mission and destiny. In every great crisis which over take nations, no people have nmore influence, and while Kingdoms, States and Warriors wage wars or win renown the men who are at their backs and without whom they could not move are the Rothschilds, Barings and Vanderbilts of the world. South Car'olina h as cause to be pro.gt! of her merchants. They have e':r 'geen amng her most useful, able ad enterprising citizens. Let our young men aspire to fill their places and be trained to do so. To this end the establish ment of a Commercial College would be a useful and valuable institution. Those at New York, Poughkeepsie, Baltimore and elsewhere have demonstrated their use';.1 ness. There are avocaitions everyv!.re, and all around for the youno n;or of the State, and the outlo ia as bright as a full moon one. clear niight. We must awake to our-ne essitics, and spare neither time, money nor pains to place opportunities before them. All avocations are honorable, and their dig nity and usefulness will be enhanced in pro portion to the adaptation of our young men to fill them. Labor is tenorable, and the true man 'will digni'y any position. Epam nondas after Leuctra was ordered by his un ratef'ul countrymen to sweep the streets of is native city. He obered, saying "'the oc. cpation will not dishonor me, I will honor t." The demand for brains, plack and push nvites all who are worthy to enlist and work for progress and development. And we be ieve the demand will produce those who ill rh~e to its fullest requirement. It was uch a demand that developed thiose bold in oators in the arena of mind, Bacon and Shakespeare; Newton and Davie in Physics; eynolds and West in Art, and Watt, Fulton, Stephenson and Morse in Mechanics. As the ld can never grow young again, so the past an never return, and it woul e suprerne foly in us to sit down arnd w,:at fi.r some pro itious twind t;; wafg a~s into a haven of pros eity, or iu'mute despair repine at what we ave been, or cur-sc the fates that th ings are ot as we might wish them to be. Fhe fable f Hercules arnd the Wagoner is as applicable o mankind to-day as it was when .lsop rote it. Nor let us indulge in gloomy an icipations 'if the future of the country. Tc' some it is dark and gloomy, anid thte mnflicts hey see ahead of us, wheti;e, between capi al and the mnasse:i cf the people, or in the testrctive spread of comimaaismn, fill their ouls \vith ineffib!e horror. To those who elieve in a God in history, and have faith in the ossibilities and outcome and conserva tism of this great country, and are woikiug 'ith brave hearts and strong atrms to bette; ifleir conilition. the future nreseats~ an~-ith~r were enough to have c:t,ed -1ny Out such !t! v an-. ":::t jive :-1I I:ily :or five venrs - : "-:w .t l tl-d 'en:. .~ . up to : eir ire tt ., a , t,:m v. 11:(; I l: v e he. oI w : e i:1 l;e:o t- t t t.enr ho e cope or .;me .And : it they do uot Intend , w .ra:le, tler pl,titicaily or ecoonmi e . ut !mtri n::IC to maint.tin the one f ;ho we have no apl)ogie :o make, and wa:ki:-: man:uliy to eularge and dev!op the 'tIw; we have but to bie united and hopeful an! exe rc :'e t udon and iberality, and ac (,.1 ju-t ;ec to all classes of our people to grow stronger and more prosperons. We hi:'vc grave prolems to solve, and vexatious Ior duty and responsibility to meet, out time, itciease of population and material developmieit will carry us through and out of them all. It is no time for pessimism or Ie.,porden1cy, but for resolution, hope and energy. A tew words to you, ycung .gentlcmen, in appiicatio; of what I have said, and I am dune. You are uow being trained to take your places among the workers to whom the tiate is looking forward with anxious con cern. You are coming on the s:age of. ac tiorn with inviting prospects before you. The wrecks and debris of the past are fast being cleared away, and the foundations of the new order of things, be its merits o demerits what they may, for we must take it as we fiud it, are being laid sufficiently strong and sure for you to step in and play your parts with assurance and hope. Let your deter minatioi be ti-xed that whatever avocation in lite you may select that you will succeed in it. To do this you must work. It is the pu,hin'. working men who move the world an<l acieve success. "Man," says a distin guished auther, "i: a miracle of genius, be cause he is a miracle of work." Having se lected your avocation concentrate all of your energies upon it. Carlyle has eloquently sa;l, ":iie weakest living creature by con centrating his powers on a single object can accompliah somct;uing, whereas the strongest by di-persing his over many may fail to ac complish anything." Cultivate self-control and supplement it with courage of convic tion, intensity of pnrpose, and entire truthful ness in all of the i elatious of life. "Do noble things, not dream them all day long. And thus make life, death and that vast for ever one grand, sweet song." Do your duty wheresoever -your lot may be cast, or in whatever circumstances in life you may find yourselves. I have always ad mired the character of old Davenport, of Stamford, who on that memorable day early in this ceniury, tcben an eclipse of the sun enveloped the earth in darkness, opposed tho adjournment of the Legislature, which was being urged on the plea that the end of the world had come, and rising in his seat said, "if the last day had come he -desired to be found in his place and doing his duty, and moved that candles be.brought in so that the house.might proceed with its business." Let your love for the dear old State burn as bright as vestal fire, and never be extin guished on the altar of your hearts. Emu late the devotion of her sons who have in every epoch of her history defended her honor and cherished her interests. You are the de-eendants and kinsmen of men who have proven their loyalty to her; many of them by laying down their lives in her be half. You are to take their places in new sl here. of action with new responsibilities. Be as true in your several spheres as they were in theirs, and she will never have cause to question your devotion or censure your couduct. MYIarried, June 16, 1881, by Rev. S. P. Hughes, Mr. WXM P HIOUsEAL to Miss KATIE A. HIVES -all of New berry. POST OFFICE, NEWBERRY, S. C., Jue 18, 19SL List of advertised letters for weel. ending June 18, 18S1: Adimey, Prof. W. H. G., Marshal)., M~rs. Lam-. Adaims, Mrs. E. F. vinia Bouknigh t, Philip iNeal, John Cannon, Miss Alice INeel, J. Barton. Hlun ter, Mrs.Dollie (2) Varters, Mrs. Frances James, J. E. Wicker, Mathias Long, Mrs. Jane A. l'arries calling for letters wili please say if advertised. R. W. BOONE, P. MI. .Xew .Jdvertisem ents. The grand catreer of Newberry College for the lasr twenty-five years is upparmoast in the minds of the people, and lends ethu siasmn to the youthful h..ro of to-day ; we a-e enthused, and infused, and ask to be ex cased in calling attention to the attractions PLAIN and LACE BUNTINGS. DRESS GOODS, SILKS AND SATIN. 30) Pieces Dress Goods marked with Red Ticket down to 6te., St-e., 10c., I2te., 15c and i50c. 00TTONADES AND LfNENS. Just ereived a r.aw kot of LAWNS, which are marked low down to suit the times. We present to you our little chief, fait iarly and aftectionately called by the peo pIe of Newberry, LITTLE JACOBY!I Who is known to his customers all over the country through the thunder of his j.rices. We are closing out our FANCY LAWNS from 5c. to 12.bc. AYard wide BLEACHING sold for 1Jc, now at Se. FANS at all Prices. PARASOLS AT COST. SPECIALS. 15(dez. Lidies' White IIese~ for Sc. per 15 doz. Ladies' Whlite Hose, for IOc. per p.Lir, In doz Ladies' Fancy Hose, for 10c. per pair, worth 21)e. 1, doez. B3albriggan Ilose, at 25e, 1l, dez. i Hose, at Se. Linen IIandkerchiief.a, from 5c. to S(c. We wouild invite all who visit the cry to cali and examine our stock. Polite and courteous attention given to every visitor, whether purchaser or not BEN. H. CLINE & CO.. June 21, 25-tf. I CREAM!