The Lexington dispatch. [volume] (Lexington, South Carolina) 1870-1917, June 19, 1901, Image 4
The Lexington Dispatci 1
G. M. HARM AN. Editor and Publisher.
LEXINGTON. S. C.,
WEDNESDAY. JUNE 19. 1901.
McLAURIN'S DEMOCRACY.
His Position Stated lieviews the 111?^
tory of the Party? Differentiates
the Principles of Democracy From
Republicanism?Declares He is Not
at Variauce With the Principles cl
the Great Men of the Past.
Benxettsyille. June i.?Special: The
following correspondence explains itself:
Florence, S. O., June 3. 1901.
Hon. John L. McLaurin. Beunettsville.
S. C.?Dear Sir: I have taken great interest
in the political outlook, and as a matter
of instruction ask that you differentiate
between your views and the views
held by leading Republicans. -Most of us
see no difference, but perhaps you can
show some difference: if so. please do it.
as I am not inclined to condemn you without
a hearing. Yours truly.
W. F. CLAYTON.
C* S* T 4 1AAI
JBXNSETT&YiL.bb~, O. Y>., o uue i?vi.
Mr. \V. F. Clayton. Florence, i>. C.?
Dear Sir: Iu your letter of J une i you ask
me "to differentiate between my views
and the views of leading Republicans, as
most of us see no diffe:enc I am very
busy at this time, but will dictate a few
thoughts as they occur to me in reply to
your question." 1 do this with the mora
pleasure because you have been opposed
to me politically, but show a desire to
seek the truth.
At the time of the adcption of the United
States Constitution there were several
distinct tns of government proposed.
Of tkeset ans the fight was made upon
two: the H .miltoniau idea and the Jetfer^
eonian idea. Alexander Hamilton openly
maintained that the British Constitution
was"the most perfect instrument of its
. kind ever in existence. He wanted all
laws for the government of the States to
De passea oj me ^ougress ui tue uuuru
States. He wanted the President of the
United States and the Senators to hold
office during good behavior. He wanted
the Governors of the States appointed by
the President of the United States and he
wanted the Federal Government to assume
the debts of the State. He wanted
a strong Senate and a weak House of Representatives,
and openly proclaimed his
belief that the people were incaple of selfgovernment.
John Jay was sent as minister
to England in order to make a commercial
treaty, which would have placed
our commerce under the control of Great
Britain. The Hamiltoniau idea was so far
carried out that he succeeded in preventing
the incorporation of a bill of rights in
the Federal Constitution. Under his
leadership the Congress imposed the
excise tax, which made . tha rich
escape the burdens of taxation and
placed those burdens upon the poor. This
Drought about the revolution iu Pennsylvania
and came very near disruptiug the
new Republic. Thomas Jefferson forced
the bill of rights into the Constitution as
an amendment. As minister to France he
succeeded in defeating the purposes of the
Jay treaty with England. Hamiltou favored
and Jefferson opposed the grantiug
of monopolies, the establishing of a United
States bank and the assumption of the
State debts by the Federal Government.
Associated with Jefferson were Madison,
Monroe, Samuel Adams, Albert Gallatin,
George Ciintou and Benjuiuin Franklin.
Associated with Hamilton were John
Marshall, John Jay, John Adams and
Pinckney. The Democratic party has been
in continuous existence ever siuce the
adoption of the-Constitution, while the
Federal party, of which the Republicans
are the successors, has passed through a
number of changes. The Federal party,
at first successful, finally committed suicide
by carrying their doctrine of a centralized
government so far as to pass the
alien and sedition law. Under this law
the President was authorized upon bisown
volition to expel from the country
any alien whom he might suspect as daugerous
to the peace aud liberty of the
country, etc. This radical measure created
a powerful reaction.
The Democrats then remained in power
almost without interruption until ISM.
During this time all of the territory acquired
by the United States up to lsyd
was secured except t tie ivrmory 01 Alaska,
and every foot of it was encountered
by tbe vigorous denunciation of the Republicans.
During this entire time tbe Democrats
were the progressive men. They lield to
the principle that tbe people should rule,
but that the General Government, while
keeping taxation at tbe lowest rate consistent
with good government, should expend
the fund thus derived for the good
of the whole people. In 1S5S they favored
_ ? *? subsidizing the Pacific Railroad. About
tbe same time they started the subsidy to
the Collins Line of steamships between
tbe United States and England. Based
upon the principle of the Jeffersouian
commercial treaty with France, they ha 1
concluded treaties with all the principal
nations,and those treaties are still" iu force.
They had built up our foreigu commerce
until it excited the wonder and admiration
of the entire world. Tuey had, under
General Jackson, stopped imprisonment
for debt. They had fought two successful
wars with foreign nations. They had es?tablished
a credit throughout ttie world
second to no nation on earth. They were
fighting for the principles of liberty of
thought and action and the freedom of
American citizenship. Matters of internal
concern the leaders of the party differed
about. General Jackson was the first to
make a reciprocity treaty. The ne 6 reciprocity
treaty was made by President
Pierce. John Randolph, acting against the
leaders of his party, voted agair : the
Embargo Act. and was finally successful
in defeating that legislation. Clay, Calhoun,
Cheves and Lowndes actively odr-,1
posed Pres dent Jefferson in the mutter of
decreasing the army. The first proposition
of a protective tariff for the purpose of
protection came from James Madison.and
Calhoun and Lowndes joined with Madison
in its favor. Tbe Federalists opposed
protection. Ciay and Calhoun favored
measures of internal improvement, and
Jdadison vetoed them. Our great distinct
tire foreign policy known as the Monroe
doctrine was a Democratic policy. The
Democrats defeated tbe scheme" of the
Republicans to turn over Oregon and
Washington to Great Britain.
The Democratic party has never yet dopied
to any man within its lines the privilege
of free thought and free speech. It
has never yet failed to correct mistakes
when it has made them. It has lost no
opportunity to build up the merchant
marine and open up our trade with foreign
ports. It opened up the Japanese ports
when all of the nations of the earth had
failed.
The party has never been inconsistent,
and yet it has never stultified itself by
adhering to previous platforms when the
conditions which demanded them had
Changed. Until 1S5C the Democrats had
denied the power in the Federal Government
to make internal improvements, and
Yet it was the first to advocate the great
Improvement of the Pacific railroads and
theXicaraguan Canal.
In the matter of tariff it was a protection
party under the leadership of Jame?
Madison; declared for free trade in PiiS:
for "incidential protection" in 1>6S; a
tariff for revenue only iu 1SS0, aud in 1SS4
the Convention said:
"Moreover, many industries have com?
lo reiy upon legislation tor successuu
continuance, so that any change of law
must be at every step regardful of the
labor and capital thus involved. The necessary
reduction and taxation can and
must be effected without depriving American
labor of the ability o compete successfully
with foreign labor and without
imposing lower rates of duty than will be
ample to cover any increased cost of pro
ductlon which may exist in consequence
of the higher rate of **ges prevailing in
this country."
In 1SS8 the platform still recognized that
other things besides revenue were to lie
taken iuto account in framing tariff legislation.
It said: "Our established industries
and enterprises should not be endangered."
For more than half a century every
Democratic Convention condemned a national
bank and firmly supported a metallic
currency. In 1S60, 1-64 aud Is*") the
Democratic party declared in favor of
gold and silver and paper convertible into
coin on demand. In IS'*",' it favored the
coinage of both metals under an international
agreement. In lvvs the Republican
platform read:
"The Republican party is in favor of the
use of both gold aud silver as money and
condemns the policy of the Democratic
Administration in its efforts to demonetize
silver.''
In 1892 the Republican platform was
identical in principle upon this questi >11
with the Democratic platform of 1880, 1884
and 1;8*.
There have been protection Democrats
ever since Madison and Calhoun favored
the protection doctrine. There have been
free trade Republicans from the foundation
of the Government.
-..Such men as fjajnuel J_, Randall. John
of Lexingtf
Counties?
of the W1
"When the
stop."
i
Today, the
chants of 1
centration
money on
willproduc
we fail to ?
!
MORE GOODS FOR SAM
GOODS FOR LESS MON
|
We are justly proud of the immeD
laudable ambition to eclipse any would
crowds, we name prices that will be a gi
|
KEEP YOUR EYE C
5000 yards White Checked Lawn, former f
price f\ a yard, now 4c. a yard. |
5 j0 d<.z=n Sewing Machine 6 Cord Spool
Cotton, guaranteed 200 yards on spool, we
sell 2 for 5c.
200 dozen Spool Cotton, lor hand or machine,
10 cents per dozen. , at
3 cases lovely Dimity Striped Muslins and
OrcaDdies. beautiful tints and colorings, C8
sold about town at 18 and 25c. a yard, cur
price 7c. a yard *0
4 cases Englh?h Corded Organdies, lovely
sprays and dowers, delicate shades, closed "
osu to us by Marshall, Field & Co., of
Chicago, wor'b 10 and 12c. a yard, price jj,
made by us 5c. a j ml. jj,
ICO pieces Novelty Organdies, Muslins pf
and French Lawns, many sp'endid patterns
in the lot, your choice of the lot 4c. a yard. w,
WHITE LAWN AND ORGANDIES.
We received today 160 pieces high class st
White Ureas Fabrics, in bars, stripes and ^
figures They were bought cheap Yon
can buy a lovely white dress or w..ist yy
lor little money, 4c., 6c. and 10c. the yard,
Pink, Hlae and Canary colored Organdies, ^
Solid colors, to be closed at 5c. a yard.
IS Hess Irt suite.?|
20 pieces Silk and Wool Dress Skirtines.
small and large figures, fcaudsome stuffs for
skirts, worth 08c. a yard price 50c. a yard.
40 inches wide. cl,
9 pieces Brillianteen, handsome as silk, y<
beautiful skirting, price 45c a yard, worth ev
90c. a yard. th
111 pieces Bleached Homespun, no starch, m
fuli one yard wide, (special' 5c >ard. a
All the standard brands of Bleached ^1
Homespun, sold at less than cost of man- T2
ufactcro.
fo
Shoes and Hats ea
to fit you and prices that will be a revelation
to your money in your pocket. 15
A Cordial Welcom
MAKE OUR STORE YO
WHEN IN T
Bat?s &
GSLUMBI
April 10, 1901.
The Best Prescription for Malaria, !
Chills and Fever is a bottle of Grove's tJ?
Tasteless Chill Tonic. It is simply w
ron and quinine in a tasteless form, pc
No cure?no pay. Price 50 cents.
Kanutapa ana uolin U. Caiaoun aiways nc
spoke freely and clearly whether or not tj(
they were in accord with the platforms of jt!
their parties. The Democratic party has ca
always favored freedom of speech and ac- sj(
tion. The Republican party has always ? m
sought to so centralize the Government as TO
to carry out the idea of Alexander Hamil- j fr
ton. The Democratic party has been a I jp
party that has had for its policy the great- | t0
est good to the greatest number, while the ; ey
Republican party, as a party, has believed w
with Hamilton, its founder, in bestowing j fe
benefits upon the few and only burdens ta
upon the many, until these "latter day I
saints'' have led tlie Democratic party | p*
into socialism, while as to expansion and j U]
subsidies the Republicans have taken ad- j CI
vantage of the situation and boldly got j cc
upon the Democratic platform. > o<j
1'hey are now upon the currency ques- ?
tion practically where the Democratic ' ]0
party stood up to 'StHJ. They are now ad- j
vocating the ree procity of Jac kson and ; 1K
Pierce. They a now advocating the i ju
Democratic priti' pie which is announced '
in the Democr.* ic Convention of 185S in f Jj,
the matter of ouilding the Pacific Rail- . a(;
road. They wan; to apply that principle 5 jn
to our foreign commerce. Whenever the J t?,
Republicans are forced to abandon their f
own policy they take up Democratic poli- ?
cies, and the Democrats are asked to op- 5
pose those Democratic policies because j
th y have been adopted by the Republi- <' ra
CJ.IIS. I pg
l'he Democrats of this country must i AV
stand together and restore their party to ' ar
the power which was theirs. They cannot >
do it by condemning that which is good n,
because the Republicans endorse it, nor ;
can they do it by going otT after strange i"
and unsound policies in order to secure }
some votes which might otherwise be Republican.
The light of Hamilton and j
Jefferson is still <>n in this country, and q\
will be until it is fought to a finish, i
Either we will have an aristocracy or w? m
wiljjiave a republic. .Are tjiy Democrats 1G
" I
I
on and Adjoining
-"The Backbone
lole Business"?
sy fail the wheels
wide awake merColuinbia.
Conof
brains and
a given point
)e success. When
;ive you
E MONEY AND SAME
EY, WE WILL STOP.
se trade we control and with a
be competitors and increase the
reat saving for the trading public:
)N THIS SPACE.
I
Miing! Clothing!
Oar entire stock to be closed out
i prices to move them at once. You
in buy a splendid Suit of Clothes
ir just one-third leas than the price
as the first of th8 season.
GO Men's French Worsted Suits in hair
red stripes, perfect fit. form and finish,
egular $8 GO suits to be closed at at $3.50
;r suit.
70 Men's Clack and Blue Worsted Suits
orth $10.00, will sell you any one of them
$4 75 per suit. These suits are tailored
the best manner.
120 Men's English Serge Coats and Vests,
itched with silk, single or double breasti
worth $5 00, price io close $3.39.
200 pairs Men's Wool Cassimer and
orsted Pants, a big job lot, worth from
!.90 to S2 50 a pair. The whole lot to be
osed out at 98 cents per pair.
120 pairs Men's regular $1.00 and $1.25
ints to be closed out at 48 cents per pair,
iris is a big bargain.
Embroderies.
early a million yards of Embroideries
osed out by as from Mills & Gibbs, New
;rk. It was the biggest Embroidery deal
er in Columbia. 'Tis a tremendons lot;
e prices are next to nothing; cheap no
ime for them. lc. a yard, 2c. a yard, 3c.
yard. 8c. a yard lor wide, wide Flouncing
lover Embrodieries at 25c. and 39c. a
,rd. You canrot match any of these Euioideri-?
at-i times the price. The lady
iks rave over them. Five ladies cutting
1 day into the mountain of dainty edges
id insertings.
72 nice Percale Shirt Waists, to close 19c.
ch.
50 pieces Table Oil Cloth, special price
c per yard.
.e Awaits You.
UR HEADQUARTERS
HE CITY.
W alker,
A, S. O.
"TTTscar* lac.r runw omental Tufa oT Ot5
oerty of tbe individual aud freedom of
ought and action by refusing to recogze
as members of their party those men
ho have always fought its battles in the
ist. but who in the present believe that
me of its policies are not the policies of
e true Democracy I" The true Democracy
a progressive party. It progressed as
-> ~ *v.?
)otner pariy ever una uuuc, ?uu cue u.-con
prospered by reason of its wisdom and
5 administration of public affairs. It
nnot prosper if it is to oppose the extenon
of our foreign trade, the creation of
;w markets, the upbuilding of our comercial
and in<lustrial interests and the
eedom of the individual. If the Repub:an
party, the record of which shows it
have been a party forbidding the free
:ercise of speech, concentrating the
ealth of the country in the hands of a
w, burdening the people by excessive
xation and conducting public affairs for
e benefit of private citizens; if that
irty is to be allowed to turn its back
son its record and. by adopting the pro essive
features of the Democracy, beime
the party of progress, then the Demratic
party, having allowed its oppo ut
to appropriate its principles, can no
nger live.
I believe that the Democratic party does
>t exist for the more purpose of oppos
g whatever tiie Republican party may
ingest. 1 believe that it lives, as it has
red in times past, for the purpose of
lopting that which is right and rtiscardg
that which is wrong, and conducting
,e affairs of State so as to make all men
ual under the iaw.
The record of the Democratic party upon
,e money question has always been in
vor of gold and silver coined at such a
aio as will maintain their parity and
iper money convertible into coin at the
ill of the holder. There is not a line in
iv Democratic platform fixing the ratio
silver and gold prior to 1IS96. There is
a line in any Republican platform adTo
Cure a Cold in One Day
Take Laxative Bromo QuiDine
iblets. All druggists refund the
oney if it fails to cure. E. W.
rove's signature is on each box. 25c.
Lumill?w ew? I IITWMM
A Good Cough Medicine.
It speaks well for Cuamberlain's
Cough Remedy when druggists use
it in their own families in preference
to any other. "I have sold Cnamberlaiu'p.
Cough Remedy for the past
five years with complete satisfaction
to myself and customers,''eays Druggist
J. Goldsmith, Van Etten, N. Y.
' I have always used it in my own
family both for ordinary coughs and
colds and for the cough following la
grip, and find it very efficacious."
For sale by J. E Kaufmaun.
VocalinTo7 oppo.-Ti^ Tile "IjiTTooT iTTtTil
or any other particular ratio. There
were strong nun in the Democratic party
in favor of the tree coinage of silver; there
weie strong men in tne Republican party
in favor of the free coinage of silver. The
Republican party adopted the first free
coinage platform. Although silver was
demonetized by Republican legislation in
1873. the only objection to that Act made
prior to 18% came from the Republicans,
who had passed the Mintage Act, under
which silver was demonetized. After
twenty-three years' silence the Democratic
party condemned the Act of 1873. under
which silver was demonetized. The Republicans
answered by abrogating their
previous platform and indorsing for the
nrst time the monetary system for which
they were responsible. At that point both
parties split. Silver men withdrew from
the Republican party, and gold men, as
they were called, withdrew from the Democratic
party. There were more Democrats
who withdrew on account of their
belief in the monetary system than there
were Republicans who withdrew on account
of their opposition to it. The result
was that after a magnificently fought
campaign the Republiccus were successful.
and the Democratic leaders all agiecd
that this Republican success was due to
those Democrats whe had left their party
and voted either the Gold Democratic
ticket or directly for the Republican tick
?r. The Democratic party showed that It
was not dead, and when it is taken into
J J *1? A A
CODSlUeraUUU lu.it UJC
ministration went into power at the time
of one of the greatest panics from which
this country has ever suffered, it is remarkable
that the figures should show,
as they do. that had the part*- been united
it would have beeu continued in power.
Acting under their platform the Republican
partv pased certain legislation
which settled the financial question in accordance
with their wishes. There came
about a season of prosperity, not caused
by this legislation but by numerous other
matters whicli politics had nothing to do
with. This period of prosperity carried
with it great business transactions. These
transactions were conducted under the
financial legislation already mentioned.
Some of the strongest advocates of the
free coinage of silver in both parties took
a conservath e view of the situation, and
held that it had required over twenty
years and two pinics to change from the
f .rmer system to the present op.e, and
that a change back again would require
equal time and cause a great disturbance
to our business interests. They believed
that, although the question has been settled
wrong, business had been so adapte 1
to the present condition that any change
of a radical character would cause widespread
disturbances. Showing that the
fundamental pu.ic'ples which have always
divided the Republican and the Democratic
partes were unchanged, those
Democrats who were c< nvinced that the
unlimited coinage of silver at a ratio of
16 to 1 would prove disastrous nevertheless
remained in their party, and in several
States the delegation sent to Kansas
City were composed of {Democrats who
to a man opposed the iree slver plank.
It was undent ;od that William J. Bryan
should once more lead the party. It was
also understood that those opposed to the
10 to 1 plank were not opposed to his
leadership. They had no requests to make
of the Kansas City Convention concerning
candidates. They went there determined
as far as possible to have their party,
which abandoned its past principles and
stultified itself in 169 i by an unhollv alliance
with the Populists and Socialists,
placed backed upon its own old moorings
and ndnnf. a utr.-iirrht. and Democratic
platform. They were willing that the
Populists should have the candidate if
they were allowed to preserve the principles
of the grand old party.
What did these men iind when they
reached Kansas City? They found Western
delegations in which not a single man
had been a Democrat in 181*2. These men
demanded a reiteration of the 16 to 1 plank
of the Chicago platform. The proposition
was made to them that they could have
both caudidates, and they could have any
planks they wanted, which-are not Socialistic
or Anarchistic, and all the Democrats
asked was that their party be preserved
by maintaining its reputation as a safe
and conservative organization. John W.
Daniel, of Virginia, as thorough a believer
in the free coinage of silver as any man
in his party, and one of the grandest
characters in the United States Senate,
worked liked a beaver day and night to try
to convince these Western delegates
that their policy were suicidal. Governor
Smith. of Maryland, told them that
the Democrats could carry Maryland without
that plank and could uot cary Maryland
with it. Gen. St. Clair, of West Virginia,
worked until 4 o'clock in the morning
with that committee and then went
back to his delegation, saying: "Boys,
we are ruined." Tom Taggart of Indiana,
himself a silvei man. worked liked a beaver
to keep that pi.ink from being inserted
aud served notice upon his party that,
the Democrats of his state were not in
sympathy with it and would not vote for
the candidate if nominated upon such a
platform. The vote was taken and only
fifteen States voted in favor of 16 to 1.
The Western dele ntes weakened on the
night ot July 4 and so apprised Mr. Bryan.
By telephone message to his leader, Mr.
Metcalf, of Nebraska, he informed the
Convention that he would not accept the
nomination if the iteration of 10 to 1
was not in the platform. It was then too
laoe to select another candidate, although
meetings were in progress by at least
twenty State delegations, denouncing the
man who would so far dese.t the Democratic
principle that the majority shall
rule as to refuse to accept a nomination
upon a Democratic platform that did not
contain this new principle of Democracy.
It was *oo late to concentrate upon another
candidate and Mr. Bryan was nominated.
The remark was general among
the Democrats on the trains as they went
to their homes that they had betn compelled
to surrender and there was no hope
of Bryan's election. The Eastern leaders
were not surprised when Bryau was defeated
by a greater majority of popular
and electoral votes than in the election of
l*9o.
When such men as Senator Vest, David
B. Hill, Grover Cleveland and Don M.
Dickinson discussed the reorganization,
Mr. Bryan replied in an editorial in the
Commoner, the plain purport of which
was that he considered himself the Democratic
party and declined to be reorganized.
He has on various occasions in the
Commoner read out of the party all men
who were not willing to sacrifice all Democratic
principles to the interest of the
silver (j .estion. He attempted to defeat
Carter Harrison in Chicago and the regular
Democrtaic nominee for mayor in tho
city of St. Louis iiecause thev were Demo 1
crats first, andtlid not believe that tho <
Democratic party should sink into oblivion
by reason of an issue which has been
gallantly fought for, but irretrievably
lost.
The old line Democrats declined to be
driven from their party by a man who,
during ten years of political life, had been
a Democrat, a Populist and a Socialist.
The only office which William .J. Bryan
ever held he was elected to by the Populists,
it being impossible for the Democrats
to secure an election in that district.
He acted with the Democrats in ,
Congress, but distinctly stated that he
was not bound by a Democratic plat- I
ivnu.
A3 a side partner of Mr. Bryan, and
sharing with him in the nomination of (
the Populists in 100'. is another brilliant
orator from the State of Minnesota. I refer
to Charles A. Towne. Mr. Towne, i
like Mr. Bryan, became famous in a day j
by reason of his oratory and has remained
famous as a political lightning change artist.
His autobiography, published in the
Congressional Direc tory of the 54th Con- ,
gress. reads as follows :
"Charles A. Towne, of Dulutli. was born
November lil, 15>"?S. in Oakland Countv.
Michigan; educated in common schools
and the University of Michigan; admitted
to the Bar in IS&'i: removed to Duluth in
1890; took p.rt in every campaign from
1876 down, but never ran for office until
elected to the 54th Congress as a Republican,
receiving 3 ,437 votes, against 15,83d
votes for Mel via R. Baldwin, Democrat,
ami (5.475 votes for Klttel JIalvorsen, Populist."
The next issue of t h ? Congressional I)i- i
rectory conveys the startling information
that Charles A. Towue was d-feated on '
the Populistic ticket by the Hon. Pago
Morris. The most icmarkable speech that
Mr. Towne made during his term in Con- i
gress was one in which fie said that, while j
young, "his record as a Republican was ,
unimpeachable." He had inherited it J
'ifrom his lather and his xr rand fat her." t
}ie""uad "been r roc?.e<i in a itepuoi cln
cradle" and had always lifted up bLs voice
in behalf of the Republican party." t
Within a few weeks after this remarkable
speech he had walked out of the oniy Re- t,
publican Convention to which he had" ever
been a delegate and joined the Silver Re
publican party. lie Wont home as a Silver 1
Republican and two weeks later was nominated
for Congress as a Populist and endorsed
bv the Democrats. He was nomi
nated as Vice President by the Populists I
and then went to Kansas City and proclaimed
to the Democratic Convention
that he was only masquerading as a Populist
and Silver Republican, and, as a c
matter of fact, was a simon pure Democrat.
He theu received as a Populist from t.
the Populistic Governor of Minnesota a
thirty-day appointment as Senator of the 8
United States, and placed himself under
the direct management of Senators Pettigrew
and Hutier. oue a Republican and v*
the other a Populist. r
When a p irty of men are willing to see o
their party go down in defeat in order
that one issue may be maintained they c
either believe that this issue lies at the
very foundation of all government, or else
they have some ulterior motive. In the ^
case of the silver issue experience has g
proved that, whether or not the free coinage
of silver is beneficial and the wisest a
system of tiuance, yet the perpetuity of
our institutions does not depend upon it.
It is not an issue of such magnitude as to
justify the disorganization of a political f
party in a \ain attempt to establish it. t
And yet there can be no doubt that the
leaders of the Democratic party, who were p
responsible for forcing that issue in IbOO,
knew when they did so that they were en- c
dancering the life of the party, without ?
in any way making it possible to carry out ?
their design, even though elected. Had
the Democratic party succeeded the Democrats
from the states which voted against ii
that plank would have voted against the
legislation. This would have defeated 8
any Act sought to be passed for the free ^
coinage of silver.
Had every state which voted for the free t
and unlimited coinage of silver in the convention
of 1'JitO elected every congressman V
a Democrat they could not have carried .
that legislation. The Democrats them- 1
selves from the st .tes opyo-cd to it would g
have defeated It. If the tntire house of
representatives had been Democratic a
majority of this membership, as shown by
the votes of the states in the Democratic 8
convention, would have opposed the free a
coinage of silver. Then wnat was the ob- ..
ject of these men* It would seem that J'
there could only be one solution. The ii
delegates from the West were personally *
interested in the free coinage of silver for
the reason that, if carried out, it would e
open up the Western silver mines and jj
double the value of Western property. ^
The east would have been injured only by
the unsettling of business. Tue East and 1
the West could by a coalition obtaiu com- n
plete control of the finance and commerce
of the south. All contractswould have been 11
gold contracts. Under the free coinage law f(
there would undoubtedly be a provision q
by which the Western bullion would be ^
Eresented to the mint by the Eastern r
anks and form a basis of permanent and
constant credit for all Western transactions.
The banks would control the bullion
and the rates of exchange, and thus
what they would lose by the depreciation ^
of contracts not already in gold they
would about make even through their I
Western connections. But the South produces
no bullion. It would have no need '
for maintaining a reserve in the East such ^
as would lie created for the benefit erf the
West by the bullion. n
All of its contracts would be gold con"
- " - 1.1 t
tracts, r or an 01 its money u woum l?c ?
dependent upon the East and "be compel led
to pay whatever rates the Eastern banks
saw fit to charge. Then a part of the
same scheme was to prevent the Democratic
policy of the repeal of the tax upon
State banks, in ordt r to prevent the Southern
States from having any circulating v.
medium whatever for local purposes. The
West would have its silver as a basis for
obtaining the gold and the East would
control the gold; the South would be pre- D
vented from even having paper, and would c
be under the absolute and complete and
perfect control of the East and West. a
When I made a fight in the House for
the repeal of the 10 per cent tax Mr. Bryan It
voted against it, and I invite your atten- n
tion to his utterances at this time, which 1
fully confirm what 1 say. Congressman j
Bailey of Texas, one of the ablest men in
the United States, called my attention to o
the sinister attitude of Mr. Bryan at the
time. The Western silver mine owners
were supposed at the time of the Convention
to put up the money for the cam- x
f>aign. But the East had become so largely J
nterested in the newly organized industries
of the South, and so much Eastern (
money had been withdrawn from the e
West, and found profitable employment n
in the South, that the Eastern bankers
saw that they had as much to lose by such P
an arrangement as they could possibly g
gain and declined to enter the arrangement
demanded by the Western mine 0
owners. At this point, which occurred n
when the campaign was at its height, the 8
promised contribution to the Democratic .
treasury failed to come in and several "
,1-nnltK,. cili'nr mioa nirnoK rrv-Jflp visits tO p
New York, then returned to their homes
and joined the Republican party.
Think of Senator Stuart forgetting the ft
"crime of ;73!'' h
Up to this time a number of States j
were admittedly doubtful. Those of Maryland,
New York, West Virginia and Indiana
were notabh* so. But when the
financial scheme ^1 through there was
no longer any doubt as to the outcome of ^
the election, and the doubtful States till
pave greatly increased Republican ma- p
jorities.
The trouble with the South has always
been its clinging to traditions and its lack
of practical wisdom in preventing the
other sections from imposing upon them
by under-handed means. The South is
solidly Democratic, for nowhere in the
world is there a greater love for freedom fc]
of speech, liberty of thought and action,
and absolute justice, which are the foundation
stones of the Democratic party. Si
But they were asleep in 1S96 and 1900, and ^
totally ignorant of the reasons for this
new issue being forced upon them. It
was in the Democratic platform and they, 1
therefore, voted for it. Now it behooves
them to consider why it was in that platform,
and they will learn that instead of
being Democratic it was a counterfeit to
be spurned and cast aside.
The South should now take advantage y
of the fact that it controls the Democratic
party and see to it that thosa principles of it
iustice and eouality which lie at the foun- ,
dation of Democracy are not again der K
parted from, and that no scheme for the
enrichment of any section for the benefit P
of any other section shall ever again be p
incorporated into a Democratic platform. *
When I called you over the 'pnone for
permission to make my reply public I did
not expect it to grow to such length, but
it is a great theme and its importauoe is
my apology. Yours respectfully,
John Lowndes McLacrin.
Wanted. ?
ii
Trustworthy men and women to r<
travel and advertise for old eetab- ^
lished house of eolid financial standing.
Salary $780 a year and ex- Ti
pensee, all payable in cash. No can- ?
vassing required. Give references c
and enclose self-addressed stamped
envelope. Address Manager, 355
Caxton Bldg, Chicago. 51 ^
a
Dots and Dashes.
After a man is buried in his little
lot he has no kick coming.
Pyny-Bal*am Relieves Right Away
and makee a epecdy end of coughs and colds.
Only the fool husband everattemj t I
to satisfy a wife's $50 want3 with $5 I
bill.
A surgical operation is not nrces- ij
sary to cure piles. DeWitt's Witch ^
Hazel Salve saves all that expense fc
and never fails. Beware of counterfeits.
J. E. Kaufmann.
The boys and girls of Atlanta hive O
Drgauized a vigorous n i-cigarette p
league. a(
No need for you to have the grippe
And other ills will let you slip,
Tf vnn will use L. L and K.
- . J W W
Which cures and keeps disease '<
away.
Bottles 25c, 50c and Si 00.
Oil has been found in Wayne coun- ?
;y, Kentucky, and one well is sending
id 100 barrels a day.
II
Eczema, saltrhecm, tetter, chafing,
vy poisoning and all skin tortures T
ire quickly cured by DeWitt's Witch -JHazel
Salve. The certain pile cure. 1
F. E. Kaufmann. ^
/
It might be well to remember that
he oldest families are likely to have
he most to be ashamed of.
Iff CURES WHERE ALL ELSEFAILS.
U Best Couth Syrup. Tastes Good. Use IQ
J3 iu time. Sold hy druggists. gf
IT -VVB-FIKi,.
There are 210,000 different ?pe
ies of insects on earth. Some of
bese are only equal to a grain of
and.
"The Doctors told me my cough
?as incurable. One Minute Cough
lure made me a well man.', Xorris
iilver, North Stratford, N. H ?Beause
you've not found relief from a
tubborn cough, don't despair. One
linute Cough Cure has cured thouands
and it will cure you. Safe
enrn _T 1?. T\ onfmonn
UU OUi V*. xj . JL-I J.XCtUlUiUUU<
Lite tests made at the Kansas exleriment
station prove conclusively
hat the smut ears on corn are fatally
loisonous to stock. Thus when the
orn is husked all such ears should be
;athered and burned.
The Democratic State Convention
q Ohio to nominate a candidate for
;overnor and other State cffices, is to
13 held at Columbus on July 9, and
here are already indications of a reival
of the old controversy between
he democrats in northern andsouthrn
Ohio.
Ycu may as welt expect to run a
team eDgine without water"as to find
n active, energetic man with a torpid
ver and you may know that his liver
3 torpid when he does not relish his
ood or feels dull and languid after
ating, often has headache and semeimes
dizziness. A few dose9 of
Ibsmberlhin's Stomach and Liver
"ablets will restore his liver to its
ormal functions, renew his vitality,
mprove his digestion and make him
eel liko a new man. Price 25 cents,
iamples free at J. E. Kaufmann's
few Drug Store.
Columbus, Ga., Aug. 24,1872.
Dr. C. J. Mcff.'tt?Dear Doctor:
Ve gave your Teethina (Teething
Vwders) to our little grandchild
rith the happiest results. The effects
rere almost magical, and certainly
aore satisfactorily than from any- .
bing we ever used.
Yours very truly, Jos. S. Key,
Pastor of St. Paul Church.
(Now Bishop Southern Methodist
Jhurch )
France still holds the record for
ational debt. She owes $151 per
apita. Great Britain stands second
nd owes $91 per capita. Germany
3 third with a debt of $65 per capita,
.'he United States has the smallest
ebt of all the great nations, and
wes only $28 per capita.
Mr. W. T. Whedon, Cashier of the
""irst National Bank of WiDterset,
ovra, in a recent letter gives 6ome
xperience with a carpenter in his
mploy, that will be of value to other
mechanics. He says: "I bad a car
i 1 1 LI'
euier wording xur me woo was oongd
to stop for several days on account
f b?iug troubled with diarrhoea. I
lentioDed to him that I had been
imilarly troubled and thatCoamberlin's
Colic, Cholera and Diarrhoea
fcemedy had cured me. He bought
bottle of it from the druggist here
nd informed me that one dose cured
im, and be is again at his work."
'or sale by J. E Kaufmann.
A Boston man is so mean that he
rants his landlady to reduce the
irice of his board because he has lost
wo teeth.
If the Baby is Cutting Teeth
Be sure and use that old and well
ried remedy, Mrs. "Winslow's Soothig
Syrup for children teething. It
oothes the child, softens the gums,
llays all pain, cures wind colic and
5 the best remedy for diarrhoea,
'wenty-live cents a bottle.
It is the best of all.
In Sandanga pond, near Jacksonille,
Vt., is a floating island two feet
i thicknees and nearly a mile in
ingth. The wind shifts it from one
art of the pond to another. It is a
rolific cranberry farm.
A Sprained Ankle Quickly Cured.
"At one time I suffered from a
evere sprain of the ankle," says Geo.
1 ,Cary, editor of the Guide, Wasbjgton,
Ya.. After using several well
Ecommended medicines without sucess,
I tiied Chamberlain's Pain
aim, and am pleased to say that
slief came as soon as I began its
se and a complete cure speedily
fllowed." Sold by J. E. Kaufmann.
Harris Lithia Water, Ginger Ale,
loca cola and other summer drinks
t the Bazaar.
I
rlUUOl
Jyspepsia Cure:
Digests what you eat.
his preparation contains all of the 1
igestants and digests all kinds of
>od. Itgivesinstantrelief and never 1
tils to cure. It allows you to eat all ]
te food you want. The most sensitive ]
omachs can take it. By its use many i
irMikzn nrlo s\f rl vcrmnt i Born hno n
iUUOttliUO V-'A V4 J Aid ? V 11 j
ared after everything else failed. It
revents format ion of gas on thestomih,
relieving all distress after eating,
ieting unnecessary. Pleasant to take, j
t can't help t
but do you good '
spared only by E. 0. DeWitt& Co.. Chicane
'be $1. bottle contains 1V\ titu -s the 50c. sizo. 1
J. E. KAUFMANN. \
When writing mention the Dispatch.
BEESWAX WANTED
I LARGE OR SMALL QUANTITIES a
' WILL PAY THE HIGHEST MAR- \
ket price for clean ani pure Beeswax,
'ice governed by color and condition, r
RICE B. HARMAN, I
I the Bazaar. Lexington, S. C.
/
/
nitlw money aodwe\
FRANKLIN CHEMICAL COMPANY, Dept.
April 17?13w33.
PERKINS MANUF
YELLOW PI J
MANUFACTI
FLOORING,3CEI
FINISHINGS, MOULDINGS,
DOORS,SA8H
AUGUST
^ESTIMATES CHEERE
February 1?ly.
When writing mention the Dispatch.
riS CAPACITY, J0,000 JOB
HI]
BUCri
|[ Somt 4?*!ert push the m1< of
.vfj tbo profltc ir? larft. I>oo't allot
Sato bujiaf a shoddyjob la orii
. " ROCK HILL" fluffie? arc ?*A
: ? But?'* thoy stand up, look wall
jtj AWAY FRO* THE 8110l'-nal
tad. Sold bj Urst-slsss dsaltrs
1 a your tow*, writ# direct.
J ROCK Hill BUGGY C(
nAAif mi i nun
IfUUIl HILL DUb
For Sale by
w. p. roof, 1
GREGORY-RHEA MULE CO.,
Columbia; S. C..
May 11?ly.
When writing mention the Dispatch.
^^Vestibuisd
emiiHB jiMiio
Double Daily Service
Between New York, Tampa, Atlanta,
New, Orleans and Points South,
and West.
IN EFFECT JUNE 3rd, 1900.
__ SOUTHWAED.
| Daily. | Daily
i No. 31 | No. 27
lv New York. P. R. E.. 1 00 pm 12 15 am
lv Philadelphia, P R R. 3 29 pm 7 20 am
lv Baltimore, PR R... I 5 50 pm| 9 34 am
lv Washington, P R R.I 7 1/0 pa )0 55 am
lv Richmond, SALRj 10 40 pm 2 35 pm
lv Petersburg, " 11 35 pm | 3 30 pm
lv RidgewayJct. | 2 25 am 6 17 pm
lv Henderson, ' 2 53 am 6 40 pm
lv Raleigh, " 4 06 am 7 50 pm
lv Southern Pines," 5 57 an. 9 42 pm
! No 403
lv Hamlet, " j 6 50 am'lO 32 pm
! No. 31 j J
lv Columbia,^ " jlO 35 am|l2 55 am
ar Savannah " 2 57 pm 5 00 am
ar Jacksonville, " j 7 40 pm 9 10 am
ar Tampa, " \ 6 30 amj 5 30 pm
no 403 I
ar Charlotte, " 9 31am
lv Chester, ' i 9 52 am
lv Greenwood, " 1142 am
lv Athens, " I 1 48 pm
ar Atlanta,? " j 4 00 pm|
ar Augusta, CAW C . ( 5 10 pm
lv New York, a Y f & hi f8 00 am 9 00 pm
lv Philadelphia. " 10 20 am 1126 pm
jv New York, U DS SCO f3 00 pm|
lv Baltimore, B S P ;f6 30 pm
lv Wasb'ton, N & W SB' ! 6 30 pm
No. 403[ No. 41
It 'Prti.tcTm/vri*V, s a T. "R\ 9 20 Dm I 9 30 am
lv Weldon, " 12 05 am; 12 01 pm
No. 31 |
lv Ridgeway Jet, " 2 25 arm 1 20 pm
lv Henderson, " ; 2 53 am: 2 13 pin
lv Raleigh, " 4 06 am! 3 51 pm
Iv Southern Pines," 5 57 am 6 12 pm
No. 403
lv Hamlet, " i 6 50 am 7 30 pm
No. 31 No. 27"
lv Columbia.^ ' 10 35 arull'2 55 am
ar Savannah, " 2 57 pm 5 00 am
ar Jacksonville, ' 7 40 pin 9 10 am
ar Tampa. " 6 30 am 5 30 pm
1 lso. 4u3 rso. 41
lv Wilmington. | 3 (5 pm
ar Cn iriotte, | 9 31 amjl0 20pm
iv Cnester, " j 9 52 amuu 55 pm
lv Greenwood, " 11 42 am 1 07 am
lv Athens, " 1 1 48 pm 3 43 am
ar Atlanta, ? " . 4 00 pm 6 05 am
ar Augusta. C A W C1 5 10 pm
ar Macon, (J ol Georgia 7 2U pm 11 10 am
ar MoDtgom'r*, A A W t 9 20 pm 11 00 am
ar Mobile, LAN j 3 05 am 4 12 pm
ar New Orleans. L A N 7 40 am 8 30 pm
ar Nashville. N C A L 0 40 am 6 55 pm
ar Memphis, " : 4 00 pm 8 10 am
NORTHWARD.
! Daily Dailv
! No. 44 No 66
lv Tampa, SAL Ry.... i 8 00 pm 8 20 am
? T -' !>i- ii I u on 7 a1;
IV dUUKSUUVlue, 1 VJ 1""
lv Savannah, " 12 35 ptu 11 59 pin
lv Columbia^ ^ | 5 45 pmj 5 45 am
jvTlempbis. M <J A StL 12 4o pm ? 45 pw
iVNasville. " | 9 30 am 9 10 am
lv Mew Orleans, L & N; 7 45 pm 7 45 pm
lv Mobile " |12 20 am ;2 20 am
lv Montgom'rv, A. & W Pi 6 20 am 11 20 am
lv Macon, C ol Georgia 8 00 am 4 20 pm
lv Augusta. C & W C ... 9 40 am
" ~ ~No. 402 Mo. 36
lv Atlanta, 3 SALE} 1 00 pm 9 00 pm
ir Athens, " 2 50 pa, <1 23 pm
ir Greenwood, " 4 44 pm 2 05 am
ir Chester. " 6 28 pm 4 30 am
[f Charlotte. " 8 30 pm 5 00 am
lv Wilmington j 12 05 p u
i Mo. 44 No. 68
lv Hamlet^ _ 0 05 pm 0 20 am
lv Southern Fines," 10 0J pm 10 u5 am
lv Raleigh. " 11 40 pm 11 56 am
ir Henderson, 12 50 am 1 13 pm j
lv itulgewav Jet _ 1 20 am| 1 45 pm j
lv Petersburg, ** | 4 15 am 4 40 pm i
lv Richmond, " 5 15 am 5 40 pm I
ir Washington, P R R! 8 45 am 9 30 pm
ir Baltimore. P R R.... 10 08 am 11 35 pm .
ir Philadelphia, P R R: - 2 30 pm 2 56 am
ir New York, P R R 3 03 pm 6 13 an
No. 402 No. 38
v Rid'way Jet,S ALE} 3 00 am 140 pm j
^ir?itt 1 oni 5 (in nrn I
V M C1UUU, *, vw v? w I
ir Portsmouth " 7 00 am 5 .70 pra
ir Wash'ton, N ?fe W ci jbj j 7 00 am
tr Tsaltmiore. 15 S P Ooj fO 45 am
ir New York. 0 DSSCu _ f 1 30 pm
ir PbiladeIphia,NYP<fcNit5 43 pm 5 iU am
.r New York " ' 8 38 pm 7 43 am i
Jote?fDaily Except Sunday.
Dining Cars between New York and Richnond,
and Hamlet and Savannah on Trains
fos. 31 and 44.
J Centra) Tir?. ? Eastern Time.
L 3SIK SKIRT FREE!
ou can get ihii Handsome Siik Skirt cr a Fine
'atc-li, Camera, Jewelry, < r any o her valuable
KM AID" It EN MKT TAHLKTStt lOcer.u a
Acs 10 quarts of delicious Frozen Custard
, every family buys a package every week. Send us
d we will mail you one dozen free and a beautiful
ETItl'ST vor. After you sell them send ^
vill send you immediately the premium you select.
A. A. 830 Filbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. ^
AflTIIRINC HO.
viiiivi# vvi|
[E LUMBER,
JBERS OF
3-EADE3 ?
LING, SIDING,
SHINGLES AND LATHS,
AND BLINDS,
'A, Or A.
TTLLY furnished.^
When writing mention the Dispatch
S PC A ANNUM.
Si
L.H.
Lr X I
T cbeap bufflea b???uM I
v joumlf u> b? TiLtio JsJ
rr to Mrt adollar or to. H "? *
LittU Jllfber la Prle?( igjj
. and. abova all, KZKP ||j
ilac tb?tn cb**p#r la tb? ijj?j
onlj. If atta4 on tala 0
)., Reck Hill, S.C. I
GY COMPANY.
^exington, S. C.
MATTHEWS & BOUKNIQHT, Leesville,
S. C.
When writing mention the Dispatch.
In Effect November 25th, 1900. 7
45 am lvAtlanta(SAL)ar 8 00 pm
10 11 am Iv A'hensar 5 28 pm
1116 am lv Elberton ar... 4 18 pm ' ^
12 23 pm lv Abbeville ar... 3 15 pm ? '
12 48 pm lv Greenwood ar. 2 48 pm S,
1 35 pm ar fClinton lv... 2 00 pm
10 00 am lv ?Glenn Springs 4 00 pm
11 45 am lv Spartanburg ar 3 10 pm
12 01 pm lv Greenville ar.. 3 00 pm
12 52 pm lv J Waterloo ar.. 2 06 pm
1 16 pm ar t Laurens lv... 1 38 pm
fDinner. J(c. & w. c.) ^Harris Springs
No. 52 *No. 2T
11 08 p. m lv..Columbia, .lv 9 20 am
11 20 a m ar. .Leaphart.ar 9 40 am
11 27 a m ar... .Irmo . ..arlO 15 am
11 35 a m ar.Ballentine .arlO 40 am
11 40 am ar. White Rock.arlO 58 am
11 43 a ra ar .. Hilton., .aril 15 am '
11 49 a m ar. ..Chapin. ..aril 49 am
12 03 a m arL. Mountain ar12 25 pm
12 07 a m ar.. .Slighs.. arl2 35 pm
12 17 p m ar.Prosperity..ar 110 pm
12 30 p m ar. Newberry, ar 2 37 pm
12 43 p m ar. ..Jalapa.. .ar 3 05 pm
12 48 p m ar... Gary.... ar 3 15 pm ?
12 55 p m ar.. Kinard. ..ar 3 30 pm
1 02 p m ar..Goldville..ar 3 55 pm
1 16 p m ar.. Clinton., .ar 5 00 pm
1 27 p m ar .. .Parks.... ar 5 20 pm
1 35 p m ar. .Laurens, .ar 5 30 pm
*Dai)y freight except Sunday.
RETURNING SCHEDULE.
No53 *No. 22 ?
1 35 p m lv. .Laurens, .lv 7 30 am
1 41 p m lv.. .Parks.. .lv 7 40 am
1 55 p m lv. ..Clinton...lv 9 00 am
2 05 p m lv...Goldville..lv 9 25 am
2 12 p m lv. ..Kinard.. .lv 9 40 am
2 17 p m lv Gary .. .lv 9 50 am
2 22 p m lv...Jalapa.. .lv 10 00 am
2 37 p m lv. Newberry .lv 10 50 8m
2 52 p m lv.Prosperity.lv 11 20 am
3 02 p m lv.. .Slighs.. .lv 11 35 am
3 06 p m lv L. Mountain lv 12 25 pm
3 20 pm lv.. .Chapin... lv 1 00 pm
3 25 p m lv.. .Hilton...lv 115 pm
3 29 p m lv.White Eock.lv 1 30 pm
3 34 p m lv.Ballentine.lv 2 00 pm 3
43 p m lv.. .Irmo... .lv 2 45 pm
3 49 p m lv..Leaphart. .lv 3 00 pm
05 p m ar..Columbia, .ar % 25 pm
Daily freight except Sunday. . ->
4 15 pm lv Columbia (a c 1) 11 00 am
5 25 pm lv Sumter ar 9 40 am
8 30 pm ar Charleston lv.. 7 00 am
For rates, time tables, or further
information call on any agent, or
write to
W. G, CHILDS, T. M. EMERSON,
President. Traffic Manager.
J. F. LIVINGSTON, H. M. EMERSON.
Sol. Agent. Gen, Ft. <fc Pass Agt?
Columbia, S. C. Wilmington, N. C
C0CA'NE"?WHISKY ^
gu 0 93 3f| Habits Cared at my San a to rKj
g3 iurn, in 30 daya. Hundreds
3 H ?f references. 25 years a ?o?c^iity. Bock on
531 1!^ TT???,. 'IV- VT!CV
r??~J B. M. WOOLLEY, hh. O., Atlanta, Ca.
July 25?ly.
Money to Loan
ON FARMING LANDS. LONG TIME,
Easy payment. No commission. Borrower
pavs actual ccst of perfecting Loan.
E. K. PALMER, -t
Central National Bank Bnilding.
COLUMBIA, S.
COL. G. T. GRAHAM. *
Lexington, S. C. - *
July 18-ly.
W I RECKLING,
ABTIST,
COLUMBIA, S. C.
IS NOW MAKING THE BEST Pictures
that can be bad in this country, ^
md all who havS never had a real fine piciure,
should now try some of his latest
styles. Specimens can be seen at his Gallery.
up stairs, next to the Hub. #
When writing mention the Dispatch,
|1 HILTOIT'S
I OUGH CURE,
^ A MHUP.
Unique?unlike any other cough prepaation.
The quickest to stop a cough and
o remove soreness from the lungs. 25c.
THE MTJRRAY DRUG CO.,
COLUMBIA, S. C. ^
For Sale at THE BAZAAR.
Aug. 18?ly.
i