Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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iafces place shall, without regard to the conduct of the officers, be liable in exemplary damages of not less than $2,000 to the legal representatives of the person lynched: Provided, further, That any county against which a judgment has been obtained for damages in auy case of lynching shall have the right to recover the amonnt of said judgment from the parties engaged in rsaid lynching m any court of competent jurisdiction. ARTICLE VII. COUNTIES AND COUNTY GOVERNMENT. Sec. 1. The general assembly may establish new counties in the following manner: Whenever one-third of the qualified electors within the area of each section of an old county proposed tfo be cut off" to form a new county shall petition the governor for the creation of a new county, setting forth the boundaries and showing compliance with the requirements of this article, the governor shall order an election, within a reasonable time thereafter, by the qualified electors within the proposed area, in which election they shall vote "Yes" or "No" upon the question of creating said newcounty; and at the same electioa the question of a name and a county seat . for such county shall be submitted to f the electors. Sec. 2. If two-thirds of the qualified electors voting at sncn e;ecuou man vote "Yes" noon snch questions, then the general assembly at the next session shall establish such newconnty: Provided. No section of the connty proposed to be dismembered shall be thus cut off without consent by a twothirds vote of those voting in snch section; and no county shall be formed without complying with all the conditions imposed in this article. An election upon the question of forming the same proposed n?w county shall not be held oftener than once in four ? years. 3C* Sec. 3. No new county hereaftci ' formed shall contain less than one one hundred and twenty-fourth part of the whole number of inhabitants of the State, nor 6hall it have less assessed taxable property than $1,500,000 a? shown by the last tax retnrns, nor shall it contain less area than 400 . square miles. Sec. 4. No old county shall be rednced to less area than 500 square miles, to less assessed taxable property than $2,000,000, nor to a smaller population than 15,000 inhabitants. See. 5. In the formation of new counties no old county shall be cn1 within eight miles of its courthouse building. Sec. 6. All new counties hereafter formed shall bear a just appor - * * * " * "? *? -r 4.1* ^ tionment ot" the valid lsuecmess 01 tut old county or conn ties from which they } have been formed. Sec. 7. The general assembly shal have the power to alter comity lines at any time: Provided, That before any existing connty line is altered th< question shall be first submitted to the qualified electors of the territory proposed to be taken from one county anc given to another, and shall have received two-thirds of the votes cast Provided, further, That the change shall not reduce the county from whiel the territory is taken below the limits prescribed in sections 3, 4 and 5 oi this article: Provided, That the prop er proportion of the existing county indebtedness of the section so transferred shall be assumed by the connty to which the territory is transferred. Sec. 8. No county seat shall be removed except by a vote of two-tbirdf of the qualified electors of said count) voting in an election held for that purpose, but such election shall not bt held in any county bftener than orcc in five years. Sec. 1). Each county shall constitute one election district, and 6hall be f body politic and corporate. Sec. 10. The general assembly may provide for the consolidation of twi x or more existing counties if a majority of the qualified eiectois of such conn ties voting at an election held for thai purpose shall vote separately therefor, but such election shall not be helc oftener than once in lour years in the same counties. Sec. 11. Each of the. several town ships of this State, with names anc boundaries as now established by law shall constitute a body politic and cor porate,. but this shall not prevent the general assembly from organizing othe; townships or changing the boundarie: of those already established; and tin geneial assembly may provide euci system of township government as i shall think proper in any and all tht counties, and may make special provis ion for municipal government and foi the protection of chartered rights anc powers of municipalities. Sec. 12. Until changed by the gen eral assembly, as allowed by this Con stitution the boundaries of the severa counties shall remain as now estab listed, except that the boundaries o the county of Edgefield shall undergc such changes as are made necessary lev the lormation of a new county from ! portion of Edgefield, to be known a Saluda, the boundaries of which arese forth in a Constitutional ordinance rm__ _i ? 1 3 iUtt election oiucicu iu cuu ui uiuuui;i for the location of its county seat sha! be held under the Constitution, am laws now of force. And the genera assembly shall provide for the assess ment of property in the county o Saluda for the fiscal year beginniu; January 1st, 1896, and for the eollec tion of said taxes when assessed. Sec. lo. The general assembly raa; at any time arrange the various coun ties into judicial circuits, and int congressional districts, including th county or Saluda, as it may deem wis and proper, and may establish or alte the location of voting precincts in an county. Sec. 14. Hereafter no county line shuil be so established as to pa> through finy incorporated city or tow. of this State. ARTICLE Vni. MTNTCIPAJL CORPORATIONS AND POLICE j REGULATIONS. Sect.on 1. The general assembly | shall provide by general laws for the organization and classification of mn- | nicipal corporations. The powers of j j each class shall be defined so that no I I such corporations shall have any pow- j i ers or be subject to any restrictions ' i other than all corporations of the same i i _?.i ,,0 n/\Tf ovistin/r Class, wines nun luiiLo .jv.. ?0 , under special charters may re-organize under the general laws of the State, j and when so re-organized their special i charters shall cease and determine. Sec. '2. No city or town shall be organized without the consent of the majority of the electors residing and entitled by law to vote within the dis- j trict proposed to be incorporated; such j consent to be ascertained in the man- ; ner and under such regulations as may | be prescribed by law. Sec. 3. The general assembly shall j restrict the powers of cities and towns j to levy taxes and assessments, to bor- j row money and to contract debts, and j no tax or assessment shall be levied or I debt contra ted except in pursuance of law, for public purposes specified by I j law. Sec. 4. No law shall be passed by j the general assembly granting the right j to construct and operate a street or ! other railway, telegraph, telephone or f electric plant, or to erect water or gas ! works for public use or to lay mains : for any purpose, without first obtain- ; ing the consent of the local authorities I , in control of the streets or public' places proposed to bo occupied for any such or like purposes, t Sec. 5. Cities and towns may ac-I . quire, by construction or purchase, j !' ana may operate ?inn nwao , and plants for furnishing lights, and j may furnish water and lights to infii- j ' viduals, firms and private colorations ; for reasonable compensation: Provid ed, that no such construction or puri chase shall be made except upon a ma> jority vote of the electors in said cities ; or towns who are qualified to vote on the bonded indebtedness of said cities ( or towns. Sec. G. The corporate authorities j of cities and towns in this State shall j be vested with power to assess and . collect taxes for corporate purposes, j > said taxes to be uniform in respect to ' . persons and property within the juris- I diction of the body composing the j same; and all the property except such j as is exempt by law, within the limits of j ; cities and towns shall be taxed for the ! ? payment of debts contracted under au-1 thority of law. License or privileged j . taxes imposed shall be graduated so j . as to secure a just imposition of such I ? tax upon the classes subject thereto. Sec. 7. No city or town in this Staie j shall hereafter incur any bonded debt, , 1 which, including existing bonded in -! debtedness, shall exceed 8 per centum . of the assessed value of the taxable ? property therein, and no such debt ; thai! be created without submitting the Question as to the creation thereof to I the qualified electors of such city or | . town, as provided in this Constitution j ; for such special elections; and unless a ] ? majority of such electors voting on the j j i question shall be in favor of creuting : such further bonded debt, none shall J p be created; Provided, that this section ; . shall not be construed to prevent the j issuing of certificates of indebtedness j . in anticipation of the collection of r taxes for amounts actually contained J or to be contained in the taxes for the j . year when such certificates are issued j : and payable out of such taxes: And ! T provided, further, that such cities and | . I towns shall on the issuing of such j s I bonds create a sinking luud for the re ,' deinption thereof at maturity. Noth- j ; ing herein contained shall prevent the { ; 1 issuing of bonds to au amount sufficientj t | to refund bonded indebtedness exist| ing at tbe time of the adoption of this r : Constitution. , Sec. 8. Cities and towns may exempt r from taxation, by general or special . ordinance, except for school purposes, ^ manufactories established withiu their j limits forfive successive years from the i I time of the establishment, of such man- j ; ufacturies: Provided, that such ordi-1 nance shall be first ratified by a ma. joritv of such qualified electors of such ; I city or town as shall vote at an elec- ! tion held for that purpose. Sec. 9. No armed police force or ! > representatives of a detective agency ! r j shaii ever be brought into this State ; ?jfur the suppression 01 ciom-suc vio-> , j lence; nor uny other armed or unarmed i 1 j body of men be brought in for that t i purpose, except upon the application j ? j of the general assembly or of the ex- j . ecutive of this State (when the gener- j r al assembly is not in session,) a> pro-j 1 vided in the Constitution oftheUnited i States. The general assembly shall ! . provide proper penalties for the en- j . j forcement of the provisions of this j i i seetion. Sec. 10. It shall be the duty of the j f I general assembly to create boards of j j health wherever they may be ueces- ' ^ sary, giving to them power and author- j 1 ity to make such regulations as shall s protect the health of the community J I and abate nuisances. Sec. 11. In the exercise of the po-J s lice po^er the general assembly shall j have the right to prohibit the maun| facture and sale and retail of alcoholic \ j liquors or beverages within the State. . Tiio general assembly may license perf sous or corporations to manufacture t and soil and retail alcoholic liquors cr beverages within the State under such rules and restrictions as it deems proper er; or the general assembly may pro. hibit the manufacture and sale and reL) tail of alcoholic liquors and beverages e { wThiu the State, and may authorize e and empower the State, county and r municij al officers, all or either, under y ttie authority and in the name of the State, to buy in any market aud retail s within the State liquors and beverages s in such p ickages and quantities, una der such rules and iemulations, as it deems expedient ; Provided, that no li cense shall be granted to sell alcoholic f beverages in less quantities than one- ] half pint, or to sell them between sun- i down and sunrise, or to sell them to be ? drunk on the premises: And provided, t further, that the general assembly i shall not delegate to any municipal t corporation the power to issue licenses f to sell the same. i Sec. 12. All prize-fighting is prohib- ? ited in this State, and the general as- i sembly shall provide by proper laws 1 for the prevention and punishment of < the same. M ARTICLE IX. ("U?fU?Ai 1 vnrv. , j Section 3. The term corporation as < used in this article includes al? associa- ] tions and joint stock companies having ' powers and privileges not possessed by } individuals or partnerships and ex- J eludes municipal corporations. See. 2. No charter of incorporation shall be granted, chaDged or amended ] by special law, except in the case of ] such charitable, educational, penal or 1 reformatory corporations as may be under the control of the State, or may be provided for in this Constitution, J but the general assembly shall provide 1 by general laws for changing or amend- 1 ing existing charters, and for the or- 1 ganization of all corporations hereafter to be created, and any such law ] so passed, as well as all charters now : existing or hereafter created, shall be I' subject to future repeal or alteration; j 1 provided, that the general assembly mav by a two-thirds vote of each house ! ' on a concurrent resolution allow a bill for a special charter to be introduced, 1 and when so introduced may pass the : same as other bills. Sec. S. All railroad, express, canal and other corporations engaged in i transportation for biro and all telegraph and other corporations engaged j-i. _ i : r i Ill IUU UUMUfhH U1 11 ixikcjja- j gence for hire are common carriers in j their respective lines of busine s, and i are subject to liability and taxation as ! such. It shall be unlawful for any ! such corporation to make any contract relieving it of its common law liability or limiting the same, in reference to the carriage of passengers. Sec. 4. Every corporation organized or doing business in this State, other than religious, educational or benevolent associations, shall have and maintain at least one agent in this State upon whom process may be served, and at least one public office for the transaction of itq business. Provided, This section shall not apply to mercantile corporations: Provided, That nothing contained in this section shall be construed to prohibit the general assembly from providing for the service of process on any agent of a corporation so as to bind such coporation. Sec. 5. No discrimination in charges or facilities for transportation of the same classes of freight or passengms, or for the transmission of intelligence within this State, or comiDg from or going to any other State, shall be made by any railroad or other transportation or transmission company between places or persons. Persons and property transported by any railroad or any other transportation or transmission company or corporation, shall be delivered at any station, landing or port at charges not exceeding the charges for the transportation of persons and property of the same class, in the same direction, to any more distant station, landing or port. Excursion'and commutation tickets may be issued at special rates. This section shall not prevent the rail road commission from making snch competive rates as shall, in their judgment, be just and equitable between the railroads and the public, at all junctional and competive points or at points where water competition controls the traffic or at points where the ; competition of points located in other } States may make necessary the pre- j scribing of different rates for the pro- i tection of the commerce of this State, i Sec. G. Any railroad or other transportation corporation, and any telegraph or other transmitting corporation, organized under the laws of this State, shall have the right to connect its roads or lines, at the State line, wi th j those in other States, and shall have the right to intersect with or cross any other railroad, street railway, transportation road or transmitting line, and shall each receive and transport the freight, passengers, cars (loaded or empty) and messages delivered to it by another without delay or discrimination. Sec. 7. Xo railroad, or other transportation company, and no telegraph or other transmitting corporation, or the lessees, purchasers or managers of any snch corporation, shall consolidate j the stock, property or franchises of such corporation with, or lease or purchase fhe works or franchises of, or in any way control, any other railroad or I other transportation, telegraph or other j transmitting company owning or liav; ing under its control a parallel or corc| peting line; and the question whether | railroads or other transportation, telegraph or other transmitting companies are parallel or competing lines shall, when demanded by the party complainant, be decided by a jury as in | other civil causes. Sec. 8. The general assembly shall not grant to any foreign corporation | or association a- license to build, operi ate or lease any railroad in this State; i bnt iu an cases wiiere a ranroaa is xo | be built or operated, or is now being , operated, iu this State, and the same ' shall be partly in this State aud partly j in another State, or in other States, J the owners or projectors thereof shall lirst become incorporated under the laws of this State; rror shall any foreign corporation or association lease or operate any railroad in this State, or purchase thesame orany interestthere1 in. Consolidation of any railroad lines ' and corporations in this State with J others shall be allowed only where the ; consolidated company shall become a | domestic corporation of this State. No t i jeneral or special law shall ever be jassed for the benefit of any foreign orporation operating a railroad nnder in existing license of this State or unler any existing lease, and no grant of iny right or privilege and no exernpion from any bnrden shall be made to my such foreign corporation, except ipon the condition that the owners or stockholders thereof shall lirst organze a corporation in this State under :he laws thereof, and shall thereafter operate and manage the same and the msindso thereof nnder said domestic charter. Sec. 9. The general assembly shall have no power to grunt any special charter for banking purposes, but corporations or associations may be formed for such purposes under general laws, with such privileges, powers and [imitations, not inconsistent with this Constitution, as it may deem proper. The general assembly shall provide by law for the thorough examination and inspection of all banking and fiscal corporations of this State. Sec. 10. Stock or bonds shall not be issued by any corporation save for labor done, or money or property actually received or subscribed; and all fictitious increase of stock or indebtedness shall be void. Sec. 11. The general assembly shall provide by law for the election of directors, trustees or managers of all corporations so that each stockholder 'hall be allowed to cast, in person or bv proxy, as many votes as the number of shares he owns multiplied by the number of directors, trustees or managers to be elected, the same to be cast for any one candidate or to be distributed among two or more candidates. See. 12. Corporations shall not engage in any business except that specifically authorized by their charters or necessarily incident thereto. Sec. 13. The general assembly shall enact laws to prevent all trusts, combinations, contracts and agreements aeraiust the public welfare; and to pre vent abuses, unjust discriminations and extortion in all charges of transporting and transmitting companies; and shall pass laws for the supervision and regulation cf such companies by commission or otherwise, and shall provide adequate penalties, to the extent, if necessary for that purpose, of forfeiture of their franchises. Sec. 14. A commission is hereby established to be known as "the railroad commission," which shall be composed of not less than three members, whose powers over all transporting and transmitting corporations, ard duties, manner of election and term of ollice shall be regulated by Jaw; aud until otherwise provided by law the said commissioners shall have the same powers and jurisdiction, perform the same duties and receive the same compensation as now conferred, prescribed and allowed by law to the existing railroad commissioners; provided, that ^he members thereof shall be elected at the expiration of the terms of the present railroad commissioners, who are hereby continued in office for the terms for which they were elected. Sec. 15. Every employee of any railroad corporation shall have the same rights and remedies for any injury suffered by him from the acts or omissions of said corporation or its exployees, as are allowed by law to other persons not employees, when the injury results from the negligence of a superior agent or officer, or of a person having a right to control or direct tne services of a party injured, aud also when the injnry resnlts from the negligence of a fellow servant engaged in another department of labor from that of the party injured, or of a fellow servant on another train of cars, "? * A - J'ax* x or one engaged aDoui a umereub piece of -work. Knowledge by any employee injnred of the defective or unsafe character or condition of any machinery, ways or appliances shall be no defence to an action for injury caused thereby, except to conductors or engineers in charge of dangerous or unsafe cars or engines voluntarily operated by them. When death ensnes from any injury to employees, the legal or personal representatives of the person injured shall have the same right and remedies as are allowed by law to such representatives of other persons. Any contract or agreement, expressed or implied, made by any employee to waive the benefit of this section shall be null and void; and this section shall not be cons;rued tc deprive any employeeof a corporation, or his legal or personal representative, of any remedy or right that he now has bv the law of the land. The general assembly may extend the remedies herein provided for to an\ other class or employees. Sec. 16. All existing charters 01 grants of corporate franchise under which organizations have not in gooc faith taken place at the adoption o! this Constitution shall be subject tc the provisions of this article. ? 1 f 1 v v See. 17. 1 lie general assem.uy snai never remit the forfeiture of the fran chise of any corporation now chartereil, nor alter nor amend the chartei thereof, nor pass any general or spe cial law for the benefit of snch cor p >ration, except upon the conditio! that such corporation shall thereai'tei hold its charter and franchise subjec to the provisions of this Constitution and the acceptance by any corpuratioi of any provision of any such Jaws 01 the taking of any benefit or advantogt from the same shall bo conclusive!;; held an agreement by such corporatioi to hold its charter and franchise undei the provisions of this article. Sec. IS. The stockholders of all in solvent corporations shall lie individu ally liable to the creditors thereof onb to the extent of the amount r? mainin; due to the corporation upon the stoel owned by them: Provided, That stock holders in banks or banking iustitu tions shall be liable to depositor therein in a sum equal in amount t< their stock over and above the fac< YaiUU VI IUV caixiv.. VSec. 19. Nothing prohibited in this ' article shall be permitted to be done by any corporation or company, persons j or person, cither for its or their own benefit or otherwise, by its or their i holding or controlling in its or their j J own name or otherwise, or in the name I of any other person or persons, or oth- { i er corporation or company whatsoever, j a majority of the capital stock, or of bonds having voting power, of any rail- ! i road or transportation company, or I ; corporation created by or existing nn- ! | der the laws of this State, or doing , I business within this State. Sec. 20. No right of way shall be i | appropriated to the use of any corpor- j | ation until full compensation therefor ; ! shall be first made to the owner, or se- j ! cured by a deposit of money, irrespec- ! ! five of any benefit from any improve- i | ment proposed by such corporation, I j which compensation shall be asccr- j : tained by a jury of 12 men in a court of j : record, as shall be prescribed by law. J J Sec. 21. The general assembly shall j j enforce the provisions of this article by j j approprite legislation. ARTICLE X. FINANCE AND TAXATION. Section 1. The general assembly j ] shall provide by law for a uniform and ; j equal rate of assessment and taxation, i and shall prescribe regulations to sej cure a just valuation for taxation of all ; ! property.real,personal and possessory, j { except mines and mining claims, the ! products of which alone shall be taxed; and also excepting such property as ! may be exempted by law for municipal, j educational, literary, scientific, re-1 j ligious or charitable purposes; Pro- j i vided, however, That the general as- j , sembly may impose a capitation tax J upon such domestic animals as from | their nature and habits are destructive . of other property: And provided, j j further, Thnt the gpnernl assembly j ' inav j>rovide for a graduated tax 0:1 i ; incomes, and for a graduated license on j i occupations and business. j Sec. 2. The generable assembly 1 shall provide for an annual tax sufI ficient to defray the estimated ex] penses of the State for each year, and , whenever it shall happen that the orj dinary expenses of the State for any j year shall exceed the income of the State for such year the general as- j | eeinbly shall provide for levying a tax i for the ensuing year sufficient, with { other sources of income, to pay the : deficiency of the proceeding year to- ! | gether with the estimated expenses of 1 the ensuing year. i Sec. 3. No tax shall bo levied except in pursuance of a law which shall : distinctly state the object of the same; j I to which object the tax shall be ap| plied. ! See. 4. There shall be exempted : from taxation all county, township ! and municipal property used exclu! sively for public purposes and not foT ; revenue, and the property of all schools, colleges, and institutions of learning, all charitable institutions in the nature of asylums for the infirm, deaf and dumb, blind, idiotic and indigent persons, except where the profits of such institutions are applied to private uses; all public libraries, churches, parsonages and burying , ! grounds; but property of associations , ; and societies, although connected ( ! with charitable objects, shall not be exempt from State, county, or municipal taxation: Provided, That as to real estate this exemption shall not extend beyond the buildings and premises actually occupied by such i schools, colleges, institutions of Iearn ing, asylums, libraries, churche^, j.ar: sonages and burial grounds, although connected with cnaritable objects. I Sec. 5. The corporate authorities of j counties, townships, school districts, j cities, towns and villages may be vestj ed with power to assess and collect taxes for corporate purposes; such ! taxes to be uniform in respect to persons and property within the jurisdiction of the body imposing the same. All shares of the stockholders in any bank or banking association located in this State, whether now or hereafter ^ 7 incorporated, or organized under the | laws of this State or of the United i j States, shall be listed at their true . j value in money, and taxed for municipal purposes in the city, ward, town l or incorporated viilage where such , I bank is located, and not elsewhere: Provided, That the words "true value | 7 I in money" as used in line 12 of this section shall be so construed as to i mean and include all surplus or extra ' - > :? i moneys, capuai, uiiu eveiy tsjjccMcn ui ; personal property of value owned or t ' in possession of any such hank: Pro' ' vided, A like rule of taxation shall api ]>ly to the stockholders of all corporaj tions other than hanking institutions. _ J And the general assembly shall require _ I that all the property, except that hereI j in permitted to le exempted within . t the limits of municipal corporations, I shall be taxed for corporate purposes ' j and for the payment of debts contractI ed under authority of Jaw. The ' J bonded debt of any county, township, 'j school district, municipal corporation ' ( or political division or subdivision of " | this State shall never exceed 8 per " ( centum of the assessed value of all the " J taxable property therein. And no 1 j county, township, municipal corporar ! tiou or other political division of this k! State shall hereafter he authorized to ' J increase its bonded indebtedness if at 1 \ the time of any proposed increase : | thereof the aggregate amount of its 31 already existing bunded debt amounts 7 j to 8 per centum of the value of all 1 ' taxable property therein as ascertained r by the valuation for State taxation. And wherever there shall be several "! political divisions or municipal corpo" j rations covering or extending over the 7 I same territory, or poitiona thereof, ? I possessing a power to levy a tax or c j contract debt,then each of such po" j litical divisions or municipal corpora" tions shall so exercise its power to j increase its debt under the foregoing 3 j 8 per cent limitation that the aggregate 3 j debt over and upon any territory of j this State shall never exceed 15 per centum of the value of all taxable property in such territory as valued for taxation by the State: Provided, That nothing herein shall prevent the issue of bonds for the purpose of paying or refunding any valid municipal debt heretofore contracted in excess ot 8 per centum of the assessed value of all the taxable property therein. Sec. G. The credit of the State shall not be pledged or loaned for the benefit of any individual, company, association or corporation; and the State shall not become a joint owner of or stockholder in any company, association or corporation. The general assembly shall not have power to authorize any county or township to levy a tax or issue bonds for hdv purpose except for educational purposes, to build nrui repair public roads, buildings ana bridges, to maintain and support prisoners. pay jurors, county officers, and for litigation, quarantine and court expenses, and for ordinary county purposes, to support paupers, and pay past indebebtedness. Sec. 7. No scrip, certificate or other evidence of State indebtedness shall be issued except for the' redemption of stock, bonds or other evidences of indebtedness previously issued, or for such debts as are expressly authorized iu this Constitution. Sec. 8. An accurate statement of the receipts and expenditures of the pub- ^ lie money shall be published with the laws of each regular session of the general assembly, in such manner as may by law be directed. Sec. 9. Money shall be drawn from the treasury only :u pursuunce of apj ropriations made by law. Sec. 10. The fiscal year shall commence on the first day of January in each year. Sec. 31. To the end that the public debt of South Carolina may not hereafter be increased without the due consideration and free consent of the people .of the State, the general assembly is hereby forbidden to create any further debt or obligation, either by the loan of the credit of the State by guar anty, endorsement or otnerwise, except for the ordinary and current business of the State, without first submitting the question as to the creation of such new debt, guaranty, endorsement or. I loan of its credit to the qualified elec! tors of this State at a general State I election; and unless two-thirds of the I qualified electors of this State, voting I on the question, shall be in favor of ini creasing the debt, guaranty, endorsement or loan of its credit, none shall ' be created or made. And any debt contracted by the State shall be by loan on I State bonds, of amounts not less than ; ?50 each, bearingiuterest, payable not j more than 40 years after final passage I of the law authorizing such debt. A i correct registry of all such bonds shall be kept by the treasurer in numerical order, so as to always exhibit the number and amount unpaid, and to wLom severally made payable. And the general assembly shall levy an annual tax sufficient to pay the annual interest on said bonds. Sec. 12. Suitable laws shall be passed by the general assembly for tho safe-keeping, transfer and disbursement of the State, country and school funds; and all officers and other persons charged with the same shall keep an accurate entry of each sum received, and of each payment and transfer and i shall give such security for the faithful discharge of such duties as the general assembly may provide. And it 6hall be the duty of the general assembly to pass laws making embezzlement of such funds a felony, punishable by fine and imprisonment, proportioned to the 1 amount of the deficiency or embezzie! rnent, and the paity convicted of sucl? I felony shall be disqualified from ever holding uny office of honor or emolument in this State: Provided, however, that the general assembly, by a two! thirds vote, may remove the disability : upon payment in full of the principal ' ' * ' < ?1- I I ami interest 01 tne sum kiuucwicu. Sec. 13. The general assembly shall provide for the assessment of all property for taxation; and State, county, township, school, municipal and all other taxes shall be levied on the same assessment, which shall be that made for State taxes; and the taxes for tho Subdivision of the State shall be levied : and collected by the respective fiscal ! authorities thereof. ARTICLE XI. EDUCATION. Section 7. The supervision of pub! lie instruction shall be vested in the ' State superintendent of education, ; who shall be elected for the term of' j two years by the qualified electors of i the State, iu such manner and at such j time as the other State officers are 1 elected; his powers, duties and com[ pensatioo shall be defined by the genj eral assembly. See. 2. There shall be a State ! board of education, composed of the : governor, the state superintendent of i education, and not exceeding seven ! persons to be appointed by the govornor every four years, of which board the governor shaP be chairman, and I the state superintendent of education, ' secretary. This board shall have the | regulation of examination of teachers applying for certificates of qnalitica| tion, and shall award all scholarships j and have such other powers and duties ; as may be determined by law. The ! travelling expenses of the persons to j be appointed shall be provided for by j the genera] assembly, i Sec. 3. The general assembly j shall make provision for the election } or appointment of all other necessary : school officers, and shall define their I qualification, powers, duties, compensation and terms of office. 1 -i XV- Qx-x? j Sec. 4. 'llie salaries vi me j and county school officers and comj pensation of county treasurers for colj beting and disbursing school moneys | shall not he paid out of the Sfchool j funds, but shall be otherwise provided I for by the general assembly. * j Sec. 5. 'J.he general assembly shall provide for a liberal system of fres