Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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VOL. XXIV- LEXINGTON, S. C., WEDNESDAY, JUNE 20, 1894. NO. 31. DESERT THE DEMOCRACY. that is the advice gfa disgusted democrat. Hopeless cl Ke^el Through ihc National Democracy, He Advocates Union Wl>h PcpuJl?ta?Pi cul'ar Views SCongly Stated. Columbia, S.C., June 13.?The ietler below was published in the State of last Monday. The State editorially says it is a remarkable letter, still the more remarkable because it proceeds from a lawyer and a Straightoui Democrat, who is known to us as an honest and earnest and conscientious man. Here is the letter: To the Editor of the State: The decision of Congress against free b^nks is a fateful turning point in the affairs of political parties in the United States and most particular in this State. The developments of the past twelve months have wrought a great change in the views and feelings of many, if not most, of our conservative South Carolina Democrats. We no longer regard the designation "Cleveland Democrat" as a proud badge. The bugle call to the defense of "National Democracy," once awaited with eagerness, no longer could wake in our hearts a ready response. We are as unanimous in our disgust with the so called Demoorftt.io firiminftitration AS we Were in our ioyal enthusiasm for it a year ago. We have beheld the party's principles ignored, its pledges violated, corruption (or at least sectional and clas3 selfishness) rampant in some departments or government now presided over by this time-honored and hitherto much trusted and well beloved party. At last we had only the State bank tax repeal to place our trust in, and we were looking with alternating hope and fear as the day approached for the execution of this promise, which was, after all, merely to restore what had been unlawfully taken from us, but to return it at a time when it would be such a reliet that our hearts swelled with thanks for it as a beneficent gift. Alas, bitter disappointment! Nero fiddling while Rome was burning is a weak counterpart of the present spectacle. As meD, we must do more than repine. Perfidy must be rebuked, be UIHJ HI UUUJSUCU, LUC lOLLluvcu V? taught a terrible lesson. Else what hope for the future ? What guarantee that political servants will not again refuse to do the work which their masters have appointed and paid them to do? What means of securing the legislation which the people decide upon ? What ground for voting for a party because of approval of its platform ? What hope of preserving enthusiastic confidence in party or in leadership (so essential to a high morale in the ranks of an army) if the rallying cry is still to be that which by s id experience has become inseparably associated with craven impotence or unblushing treachery? Hope, trust, redhot fusion of hearts into one great purpose to do battle against the common enemy are impossible to an army demoralized by such leadership, unless it be completely reorganized and given new officers in whom confidence may be placed (if not by knowledge of its being deserved, then by the absence of knowledge of its beiDg undeserved.) Hut the people's condemnation of foithlcaa taarter<! in nrri#?r to 8?rve as a wholesome warning for the future, cannot safely discriminate between leaders and party, exponents and the thing itself. A party must be judged by its performance, and, failing to carry out its pledges, for whatever reason, should be repudiated in disgrace. The corruption or incompetency of its servants is its corruption or incompetency. It matters not that we are pained to give up our historic party and that the principles professed in the platform are still cur principles. The ready free lance of the independent in politics Is the best stimulus to healthful vigilance in pursuit of the right path. Any attempt to cliDg with affection to a discredited party and to reform it from within, to degrade its recognized leaders and subsuiuce new ones is up-bill, unwise and weilnigh Utopian. .Revolt in the ranks and a stunning blow alone teach the needed lessons. Opportunities are cot tote ignored with expectation of their return. A party which after thirty years of striving aEd waiting is given a brilliant opportunity must use it or never have the impudence to ask for it again. The Democratic party has damned itself. Xo one can satisfactorily explain the present putlic course by laving all blame on leaders. It is evident that its members are discordant and are yoked together unfitly. For those in its ranks who adhere to original principles, believing that there is still in them life and promise, it is folly to seek to hold up their standard against triumphant and entrenched treason. ^The faithful should draw out from surroundings which, like the Augean stables, it were the task of Hercules to purify, and separating themselves from degenerate companions, should drawup their line of battle in a new field and rally to them all free HDd bold spirits who would fight the hostile garrison of the perverted government. Rebellion finds a response in the v manly heart. A bold stroke for the right arouses enthusiasm. A new organization is instinct with life, is not hampered with the dead weight freight that m time it gathers. ODly the wide nwrabft ar.ri dpad-in-earnest take the - step. The slave to habit and the half hearted are left to burden down the old organization. The new broom sweeps c.'eaD, and the new machinery will move off with the perfection in every detail that comes from the application of the newest improvements without the drawbacks of patched work and cramped quarters. New wine can not be put in old bottles. The apathy, the grove-like administration of many details that narrowiDg precedents and growiDg negligence bring, the ever lookiDg back with hardly a glance forward, the unconscious individual subordination of thought to habit and au thority, the stagnation and decay will be left; and by as many years as were neeeasarv for the accumulation of this collection of evils, by so maDy years at least-, shall we probably be in a better party tban we are in. Such is now, I believe, the spontaneous, though prooably undefined feeling of us all. But what shall we do? There can hardly be a doubt that had we arrived at our present feeling in national affairs without our experiences of the past four years In State politics, we should be clamoring for a new party of all those who wish to check this legislation in the interest of the few moneyed men of the country, and consequently against the great middle and lower classes and against whole geographical sections. We would take our stand against the enemies of our State and the enemies of the honest, struggling, but on-capital-dependent masses of the people of the United States. We should put life into the hackneyed phrases, "government for the people," and "equal rights to all, special privileges to none." We should point with pride and threatening warn ing to the fact that we of the South are the true modern representatives of the herces of the revolution; that the population of the Xortb.in large measufe foreignized, or else rendered unfit for responsible and beneficial government by the abasement of individuality consequent upon the modern trend of the politics of great municipalities, may be willing to submit to the rule of their favored few, but that we are not of the stuff to submit to being longer made their slaves by the sunversian of the general government. We should welcome the assistance of the West and of the bold-spirited and uccorrupted, though somewhat ignorant or erratic primitive classes of all sections in a righteous fight to settle the question. n.hof moot rinfh this? f?nr I {J puu VY LICbij uvvu VM?V } vrv-Cae3ar, feed that, he is grown so great V" Alat! does not truth compel therecognition of this as very much the position of a great organization of the agricultural masses of the last few years? We saw no justification for their position when they took it, we saw much to condemn in the extremes to which they seemed to be goiDg; we tried to suppress their "uncalled lor" rebellion; we felt righteous disapprobation of them; we became prejudiced against them; we shall never find it easy to say that they were right and we were wrong, cr even that they were partly right and we partly wroDg. It i? hnman nature; "Can anything good come out of Nazareth?" Honesty compels the following concession to those to whom we least expected over to concede anything: (1) We felt secure in the ship of State except tor the tariff leakage, to which ; alone were we aroused. The Farmers' i Alliance movement first sounded the alarm that called attention to our financial laws as bringing us to the verge of wreck. Yet little heed was paidtili we were caught in the whirlpool, and cries from all sides then so drowned the first note of warning that few gave the credit of it to a source so "unworthy of recognition." Whc of our fac- 1 tion appreciated the need of more j money, of elastic money, of local money as bearing upon the prosperity of our 1 * ' rtf Knpin QCO on _ section?me uepiessivu ui vuom VU- I terprise? It was all new to us, we had 1 not studied it and we ridiculed those i who, though not as well educated as we, prated of it so learnedly and conn- ' dently. ''Respectable" authorities are < everywhere now pressing these three : points. Who o~ us knew the relation of j "money" to commodities and to gold ] and silver, the robbery of debtors as well as creditors that results from a variation of these relations, the fact that gold had appreciated as much as silver had depreciated, that our government had let "monev" appreciate ' with gold, and that hence with the gold i standard the debtors are being robbed lully as much as they would "rob" : ^rcHitnrs if "mnnfiv" were deDreciated to the basis of silver by its free coin- i age? If robbing mast be done there would be less cruelty in inflicting it ] upon creditors. The masses of debtors who seemed to wish thus to retaliate j might be reasoned with aDd urged to i go no further than securing j ostice, but ; they should not have been goaded with i denial of the truth or their contention i that they are victims and with epithets j for wishing to make the "other fello ws" ; change places with them. In their just ; and desperate determination to get s themselves out they are excusable tor ] not first devising absolute safeguards . against employing means that might < get them out at the expense of others, < especially when they believe those oth- i ere have put them in the hole. j (2) Who of us thought of the income : tax until brought to the front by those 1 people? If it and certnin other ap- < proved new demands were heartily carried out by the democrats, our party : would have gotten ail t he credit (the i poor pioneers being lost sight of!) and i proved itself the people s party, leaving no room for the "People's party." The j income tax has been shown by Mills to : be intrinsically just, but its happening i to bear chiefly upon certain sections and classes renders it peculiarly right : at this time, to offset in a measure the streams of money that have flowed and will flow from South to North by pension?, from poor to rich by protection. (3) Those who have charged to at dealing in futures causes a combination of capital to 11 x prices and injure tne producer and is also a means of corrupting legislation, and that the money power ("Wall street") does consciously and systematically machinate against the people in insidious ways are no longer to be regarded as "fools" charging "absurdities." We now approve these seDtiments coming from other lips. (4) The warning against Cleveland as "the tool of Wall street" though at the time indignantly resented by us all as not only a slander but a gratuitous in suit to a noble man, has been justilied by time; and, though we may not endorse the lneinuatiou of turpitude, we owe recognition to the prophetic insight and the courage of those "infamous resolutions." (5) There is enough of common ground in our present views and the views of the turbulent pioneers whom we have denounced to give us some ouslms of conscience, some humiiia ation of our pride of intellect, some generous impulseto fellowship in union for a common cause. In fact the agricultural uprislDg (little as we realized it at Qrst) i3 now seen to have inaugurated a revolution. At the close of a century its undercurrents of thought are forced to the front. Virile thought is now ripe in our country. Struggling, rebellious ideas are clash iDg with those that reign. Change, more or less radical is upon us. For revolution there is always cause. When the blinding confusion of the storm has passed a God-sent, man developed truth is seen to have been enthroned by it. The wrong that in its evcuuuuu accumpsuieu u, is iur uac most part left behind?the world has taken a step. The stouter the resistence to the revolution by those who wickedl7 or from want of sympathetic appreciation oppose the change its success involves the more is its human passion lashed, its flood tides of wrath piled up, its power to overcome increased by mutation of more delicate energies Into the resistless energy of rude violence. Could the conscientious men who light it at every step until its spent force bursts with destructive fury see the good in it and unite to strengthen the hands of the conservative revolutionists who seek only this good, the step forward in the world's progress would be taken without incurring the lameness that usually results and impedes its making the most of its new vantage ground. Since now we have reached a point in the progress of the pending revolution to see with some distinctness a worthy i goal, wnich must now soon become more and more visible, it is our duty to speed its attainment, in our own State we shall remove a fretting obstacle, we shall give counsel in friendship (and in no other guise will it be heeded) to discard excrescent fallacies, to sooth brutal violence, to guide mo3t directly and with least possible incidental evil the great Truth to its throne ! (6) When one has come to think, then one cannot desire a complete re, turn to the quiet, unenterprising leadership that was succeeded by the present foment. The country i3 in the.' throes of travail to bring f-jrth a better order of things, aDa there are now few who do not look forward, more or les3 vaguely, to a new birth that will be a blessing. We would not wholly change doctors and iisK a miscarriage. Whatever personal repugnance we may still have for such doctors, (not of our choosing) we feel a certain unacknow-1 ledged, but self-asserting faith that in the divine Providence they are the men for the time until better men have caught the proper inspiration. It is a foolish, stiff-necked pride to refuse to recognize that great popular movements are due to the blind, but divinely guided instinct, of the masses, which, in obedience to the law cf evolution, direc's them on truer lines than the reason of the wisest statesman could have mapped out in advance. "The people as a mass, have no understanding. but an unfailing iDstinct." Yet, especially alter the darkly groping stage has been passed, there is need of the light of all the intelligence rhat can be brought to bear. "To recogDize, try and guide this ins:inct i3 the func tion of a statesman." rne "Drain ana leadership" of the "minority" in our State are like Achilles sulkiDg in his camp, if in this great crisis they fail to put tnemselves in touch with the people and to put forth their powers for a victory that shall bring honor to the whole State. If the fore going find response in the inner consciousness of once ardent Cleveland Democrats, once violent denouncers of the Alliance, once bitter haters of Tillman and Tillmanism, then it is the part of honesty and courage, of patriotism and self-interest alike to speak out and work for the success "of these ideas. If the national administration should yet give ground for endorsement we can rally to it, but the best hope of such action by it depends on widespread and out spoken defection from it. At present, however, I firmly believe that a great movement for a new party i3 surely coming, that our Conservatives find it now hard to resist sympathy with it and cannot much longer, and that it is now their duty to examine themselves, to refuse to be content with half-hearted with "me too's," to clarify their thoughts and speedily and vigorously assume a positive attitude. We are slaves to Tillman if his attitude must determine ours, if his choice precludes our making the same choice. Another thought carries force and gratification. A semi-superstitious belief often decides conviction, as does a favorite prejudice. Of late we have been ashamed of South Carolina?a most unwonted and painful emotion for a South Caroliaian. Meantime, in jest, a strange analogy was pointed out as apparent law of her historj: "South Carolina goes mad every thirty years.' After the laugh there has lurked a thought that brought a twinge Inextricable from our minds 13 the association of 1830 and 18G0 with the glorious assertion of great principles. Could there be, hidden from our view, a principle in the third "mad" movement? In the midst of so much that we abhor, can it be that our little State is taking her staDd (in obedience to fate, which has always assigned her the van) as the leader id a great struggle that shall become famed in history and extolled by men? Could it be? Should we * ave retarded it, have we no 3hare in winning for her her deserved place of honor? How was it in 1830? A.s bitter differences of opinion prevailed then as now, but what the majority lid was the act of the State and, as her collective decision, it has been eulogized by us from State pride, if not from intelligent thought?18G0 was the culmination of much the same light, and in thirty years the people had come to be nearly unanimous. Yet there was still earnest individual disapproval of the act of the majority, though private opinion yielded to the public purpose. Peace has its duties as well as war, and tbis may be a time that demands of loyal citizens concurrence in the general purpose of the State. I admit that these answers and this suggested ground for concurrence are hardly to be accepted by the mind until individual opinion has come to a degree or approval of general purpose. Let us shake ourselves together and try to contribute to the correct solution of" tho npAhlam that ia hpfnrp t.hp Vi L'UU j^/i VW4V"* J iU ??rv * Vk V *? ?v country?for we 110 longer doubt that there is a problem pressing for immediate solution. Let us join the great South Carolina Movement to reform the Uaited States government and usher in the era of the Twentieth Century. X Middled Irorn imbasb. Hampton, S. C., June 1G?Captain James Mixson, one of the best known citizens of the Stafford's section, was terribly and fatally shot near the Steep Lottom Cross Koaus Monday niirhr w-hilft on his wav home. The murdered man was shot from the rear with a load of buckshot, twelve of these entering his back. Considerable excitement instantly ensued in the locality as soon as the news of the tragedy became pretty generally circulated. "When Mixson was shot he called loudly for help, his cries attracting a colored man, Sylvester Jones, who came to toe spot, to lind the unfortunate victim frightfully wounded. Mixson was conveyed to his home where he expired in a short time. Excitement became enhanced by the mystery of an assassination whose victim was known to be without deadly foes and as a man of sobriety, friendliness and industry. Efforts-were at once made to locate and capture the guilty party, and as a result Cordry *lii2is?, a colored man, has been arrested and lodged injaii here. The evidence against, him is purely circumstantial, but is very strong. It is the opinion that Mims mistook Captain Mixson lor a negro named Elliott Rivers, whom he suspected of buing intimate with his wife and had said he had intended to kill. Mims was near the scene of the sub- ! sequent murder on Monday afternoon, haviug with him his gUD, and an examination of this gun showed that one barrel had been recently discharged. It is s rid that he could give no accouat of his whereabouts Monday night and that he was not at home.?Guardian. Postponed. Columbia, S. C., June 12.?Arguments as to the cOLStiiutional'ty of the registration law were appointed to he heard before the Supreme Court this morning, bat the hearing was postooued until the next term which begm3 on the fourth Tuesday of X jve.nbcr. This vras done on motion of the Attorney General who stated that he had just seen the supervisor of registration and did n^L have time to prepare his return. This mi 'hA Tv*acnhir,t.v of Lhe move rkuuwfvo c% ts WAW i' ^ ^ ? ?.j ? meat efl'ecliog this election, even if it should be declared unconstitutional. All Were Diowned. Brewsters, N. Y., June 10.?The sisters named Maggie and Bessie Bia ney, and Thomas Soanlon and John McCluskey, ail of Brewsters, went boating this atfernoon on Southeast lake, about two miles from here. The boat up3st and the four were drowned. One body has been fouDd and a large crowd i3 looking for the other three bodies. LABOR TROUBLES SOME OF THE RESULTS OF THE HARD TIME'S NOW ON. Foreign Miners on Strlk?, K'dnap and Maltreat Four Workmen?lie?calnc Deputies K?!led Several Slavs?Troubles Elsewhere?Troc pt Callc1 Out Uniontown, Fa., June 10.?A bat tie between seven armed deputies and a mob of 300 strikers occurred this morning at 9 o'clock attkeLemont No. 3 works of the McClure Coke Compaay. One striker, a Slav was killed instantly, and two other Shv strikers were fatally wounded. The deputies were surrounded and fired upon by the strikers before they shot. The incidents leading up to the battle last evening, when a mob of several hundred strikers, mostly from the Trotter works of the Frick Company, gathered at the Pennsylvania Railroad depot at Xew Haven and took prisoners four workmen, who are employed at the works of the Fnck Company and were on their way home at Leisenring. The names of the workmen are John Eela ney, Oliver Attlebv. John Britt and John Furlough. When they stepped cff the train the mob surrounded them and marched them away. The f(.ur men were covered with chalk and big placards with ''scab," "blackleg" and other epthets lettered thereon. The men were then marched through the streets escorted by the hooting mob and takeu back to the Trotter and Leisening plants, where they were paraded through the streets between the company houses. The strikers jeered them and the women spit upon them and hit them with stones and clubs. They were even marched past their own homes and their wive3 and childreu permitted to view them in their helpless ucssa. Sheriff Wilhelm dispatched Deputy Sheriff Allen with seven deputies to rescue the workmen. Allen arrived at G o'clock. At no lime wa3 he able to overtake the mob having the men in charge. Ailen finally learned that the men were being passed trom mob to mob. It wa3 found that the four men had been taken to Morrel and from there to Youcgstown and then to Lemont, where the battle occurred. Early this mortiing, after placing the deputies to prevent the strikers from taking their prisoners elsewhere, Allen return to Un. iontown for further orders and was directed to rescue the prisioners. Returning to L?mont, he found two deputies retreating before a bowling mob of Slavs. As AUen roade up, a Slav fired at him with his revolver. The ball passed over his head. Several of the mob then began firing at the officers. Allen' j revolver was detective aud only two shot were fired by him. Fiee of hi3 assistants came up and began firing with their Winchesters. Abcut fifty shots were exchanged, the mob slowly advaniug, the deputies re treating, until reinforced by other dep ? ?t* rrrr\ n fvtn/^A rMh a UiiCS, VYUCU a Oiauu nao LUauc j? uo mob then begaa to disperse. Sheriff Whilhelm was again notified and sent thirteen more deputies. An hour later twelve of the mob were arrested and brought to Tail. The Slav that wa3 killed was found lying in the road, shot through the body by a Winchester bullet. Two other were found in houses near by, both said to be mortally wounded, LaviDg been shot through the thighs. The strikes refused to give the name of the Slav killed, or of those injured. Thev wanted the officers to take the dead striker with them when making the arrest, One of the men arrested was shot in the arm. At 4 o'clock a special train took down ten more deputies, and then took the wounded men to the hospital at Concellsviile. Many others are believed to have been wounded. None ct the dep uiie3 were injured. At 5 o'clock a posse of twenty-five deputies, in charge of Field Deputies Allen, Altebaugh and Richards, armed with search warrants, leit torcooi spring Hollow, alter searching the Lemont houses. It is believed that four workmen were taken during the trouble and are hidden away In the monument hou3cs. It is believed that the four men at all hazards. Several hundred strikers live in the vicinity oi Cool Spring and a conflict may occur. Tney have not returned or been heard from. Sheriff Wilbelm said tonight that he would not ask for the militia on account of today's trouble. He says he is growing heartily tired of the warfare, but, so long a3 hi3 deputies are not overpowered will fight away in attempting to maintaifi peace and order. Several hundred arrest3 are expected to follow for the kidnapping of the men. At Pana, Illinois, the mining situation still remain unsettled. A comnanv , of strikers, numbering; about 200, are camped on the Sibley farm about two miles from Pana. About 500 members ot the First Regiment of Chicago with a Gattlicg gun, arrived on special train this morning at 6 o'elolck and were followed at 9 o'clock by compantes from Clinton and Bloomiogton, aud they are all in camp at the baseball park. Crowds ! of strikers are located ia the timber and near the railroad biidge all around j the city. It is variously estimated that I there is from 1,500 to 4,000 foreign stri j kers iu close proximity to the city and they cau bo massed on short notice. The local minners vow they will not enter the mines while the militia remains in the city. So no attempt will be made to operate the shafts tomorrow. A MardfTous Aiken, June 13.--A brakeman on a freight train of the Georgia and Carolina T-? M J t_:ii _.i ?u;l? :? Lviuroau was kuhsu nait uigut nuuo iu ihe discharge ot his duties. He wa3 riding on top of a box car in an erect position, and while the train was paseiDg through the Aiken cut his head struck Laurens street bridge and he was knocked elf the car and died in a short while afterwards. Ilis name is J. D Craft, aud it is said his home was in Charleston. The coroner of this county su onioned a jury of inquest this morning with Mr. Jesse C. Petty as foreman. After viewing the bodv the jury adjourned until 12 o'clock on Thursday, when testimoney will be taken. Several person have been killed bv this same bridge in the same way. The bridge is oo low and should be raised. It is the duty of the road to construct and maintain all the bridges irar, 8pan mis cui.?^sws auu v^uuner. Blowing L'p Bridges. Washington, June 11?A special from Birmingham, Ala., ssys: The big iron bridge of the Kansas City, Memphis and Birmingham Railroad, at Carbon Hill was blown up with dynamite to-day a few moments before a train reached the bridge. Bridges at I'atton, Mable Mines and other points have been burned within a few days and several attempts have been made to burn a long trestle. All these actt are charged to strikers.whose purpose is is to prevent the.transportation of coal., wofford's commencement. -j A I.^ige Graduat'.iiK CHss-An Occasion <2 Loag to bs K*member*d. Spartanburg, S. C, June 12.?The WoiTord commencement is almost past ,? and there is jov ia many a student's heart tonight. Another scholastic year is ended and has been added to the forty years of WolTord's reputatio", which has been slowly but surely rising uDtil today she stands at the head of j( every literary institution in the State. e Altogether this has been a verv prolitable session and instruction has been j given to 150 young men. The management considers this number up to the usual limit. The commencement exercises began f Sunday with the baccalaureate sermon j which was delivered by Pishcp P. K. Hargrove of Memphis. JIereadashi3 ? text: Isaiah 11 6: "The wolf also shall ? dwell with the lamb and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the voung lion and the fatling a together and a little chiid shall lead e them." He preached a very impressive 3 sermon which was listened to by a large and appreciative audience. 0 Yesterday morning Dr. .Tames H. p Kirklind, Chancellor of Vander'oilt ? University, delivered the literary address before the Calhoun and Preston a societies. His was a masterly speech, ? spoken entirely oil-hand, and showing * careful thought and study. His re- t] marks about returning to his native land were very touching. A short ?. synopsis would not do him justice. At The conclusion of his address he was loudly cheered and completely loaded down with beautiful ilowers. Last night the chapel was again u crowded by friends of the institution to ii hear the junior debate. The query: Resolved, That the American laborer p has just reason to be discontented with h his present conditions, was ably dis- ti cussed by Messrs. F. H. Shuler and G. b C. Leonard for the allirmative and S. H. McGee for the negative. The com- c mittee, consisting of Dr. Kirkland as d chairman, decided in favor of the neg- d ative. a A gold medal is given each year by v the societies for the best essay and i' they were awaded last night.* Mr. v H. J. Shoemaker or Orangeburg won p the Preston medal and Mr. S. H. Mc- ti Ghee of Greenwood won the Calhoun v medal. ~ d The regular graduating exercises ii took place this morning. The follow- tl * 4Wai'. _ lDgyoung meu ueuYereu iuch giauua- r ting speeches very gracefully and re- g ceived their diplomas: t; O. M. Abney, Richland, "A Remnant o of the Past." VV. P. Baskin, Sumter, h "The Royal Faculty." II. L. Bomar, ti Spartanburg, "Our Debt." w. T. Duncan, Anderson, "The Wandering Min- ti strel." P. H. Eiwards, Marion, -Tudi- r. vidualism iu Modern Society" W. M. r Eilerbee, Marion, "The Three Ele- s< ments." A. B. Harbin, Greenville, e "Great Carolinians." E. S. Jones, Rich- ]i land, "Our Future." G. F, Kirby, a" Spartanburg, "A Conquering Race." a F. M. Lander, Anderson, "A Collection {j of Celebrities." E. M. Lanham, Texas, "The Decay of the Artistic." W. Y. c Muckenfuss,Jr., Charleston, "The Wiz- d ard of the South." " W. J. Snyder, Beau- ti fort, "Identity." Smilie Taylor, Flor- t< ence, "Electricity of the Twentieth a Century." W. E Walker, Spartan- a burg, "Our Poet." D. D. Wallace, Rich- p land, "Gladstone." W. W. Watson, o Abbeville, "Our Estimate of Manhood." r< P. B. Wells, Charleston, "One Increas- p ing Purpose." R. L, Daniel, Spartan- t< burg, "The Force of Pqrpose." Mr. M.L.Banks of Orangeburg is r< also a member of this claes and left for t< home a few davs azo on account of t< sickness. His diploma will be seat to o him. ii Mr. Muckinfuss Is totally blind, bat p has finished his course at Wofford College. It was indeed a touching sight I to see that man, deprived of his sight, d delivering his graduating speech. He fj will take up law for a profesion. q CRthe twenty graduates seven will ri preac-D, six will be doctors, three lawyers, two teachers,one farmer and one ti journalist. n Commencement closed to night with fi the alumni address, which was deliver- tl edbyHon. T. M. Raysor of Orange- tl burg. He came with a stroDg, well 31 prepared message for his brother alum- d ni, his subject being "The Science and q Philosophy of Government and the fi Duties of the Citizen in Relation h Thereto." He began by giving a dell- tl nition of government and showing how h it was developed from the family circle on through the tribe up to the nation. He clearly and forcibly pointed out what the individual lo3t and gained in the organization of a general government, showing that the true end and aim was the development of the o man in relation to all the other men. v, The irvin heel of the despot aDd the r< absolutism of the Democratic majority 5 were alike oppressive ana unjus^. He ^ emphasized the fact that our constitu- ^ tions and statutes were the law cf the ^ land and not the arbitrary rule cf the people. The framers of our conslitu- c tions were neither demagogues nor 0 communists. ? An incorruptible judiciary is the 0 great breakwater that keeps back the surging of a devastating and riotous ? Democracy. The speaker then showed ? certain strong points of our Govern- t1 ment and he pointed out some of the ti dangers that confront us. Centralize- n tion on one hand and Communism on g the other were shown to be two of the c dominant tendencies of the time. The k power and influence of doctrinaires and r demagogues and the willingness with :j which the people followed and sup- . ported them was a standing menace to ? our free institutions. Hence we have .1 the army of the unemployed, the con- b slant revolts against law and order and ii the great unrest that prevails all over C the land. p But there is hope m the wisdom of a the people. Au intelligent citizenship will correct the evi!3 and cast aside the v errors arising from ignorance as wen t, as Che selfish machinations of evil and a selfish politicians. His address received = the earnest attention ot the large an- I dience present. After his address theie * was a big banquet served to the alum- . ni and the senior class. All the stu- 1 dents will leave to-morrow. 6 Everything now is over and once t more tne old Wofford campus i3 desirt- f ed.?Register. e Skinned A!1ve. j Wayciioss, Ga., June 10?A negro ? assaulted a highly respected young a lariv daughter of Mr. Mo3e Ilerrmg of Pierce County, about lifteen miles < Southeast from Blacksher, early Monday morning. Alter accomplisbinghis purpose he escaped to the woods, but c was pursued and caught by a mob numbering twenty or thirty men, who, v after hanging him awhile, took him & down ana skinned him alive. He lived t six hours after the skin had been taken e from his body. There is great excite- i; ? . ^ 'nrtkor trnnhlo iu PYnPfit.. v LUCIJ l, UUli Ula 1UUUI.1 uuu./iv ^ .*r ? ed, as it is the general opinion of both a white and colored people that he got r his deserts. . t Far G iv^roor. C Columbia, S. C, June 12^?It is ru- v mored in this city that Col. Geo. I). f' Tillman may enter the gubernatorial 2 ace. i.? CHE MATTER OF PARDONS. T CME INTERESTING INTERROGATORIES ANSWERED'he President ol ?he Colorado State jj Hoard of P?>r<l?ns Propounds Some 1 a Oucutlons to Governor TMlman, vrbo n Answers Them, Glvlog HJs Vjtwa. tl Columbia,S. C., June 14?The fol- u owing letters will be of interest and 0 xplain themselves: c Denver, Col., June 9th, 1894.* t, ".o His Excellency, B.K. TillmaD, Governor of the State of South Carolina, c, Columbia, S. C. g Dear Sir: I would esteem it a special ^ avor if you would reply at an early tl ate to the following interrogatories: ? First. Should executive clemency be r ranted in any case, except upon pusi- g ive testimony as to the innocence of he convict? y Second. Is a Board of Pardons, or n Advisory Board, necessary to a Gov- c, rnor to aid him in dispensing the par- e: oning power? Third. Should pardons be conditional Ci r would the general doctrine of the 0 arole system be better for the protec- (j inn of society ? Fourth. Would the parole system t, ct as a deterrent for criminals to a a reater extent than unconditional re- y ;ase either by pardon or by serving out ? he sentence Very respectfully, d J. L. APPEL, a 'resident Colorada State Board of Par- j? dons. d TIIE GOVERNOR'S LETTER. > In answer to this letter Governor Till 0 :an has written Mr. Appel the follow3g. J Dear Sir: Your favor of June 9th ropounding certain interrogatories ^ as been received. 1 cannot tafce time V o answer fully?that is giving reasons, y ut will answer briefly by numbers. L To the first question I answer yes. ;iemency does not mean, always, a par on. but includes commutation from a eath penalty to a term of imprison- d ient as well a3 a change of sentence rhere the punishment appears excessve. There are also cases where coniction follows evidence that may apear conclusive to the jury, but not so d the executive. The reasoning by rhich juries reach agreement in a ver- c ict of guilty is sometimes altogether ^ ivisihle to the executive and while ^ he innocence of the prisoner may not l est upon "positive testimony," the Jj uilt being equally shadowy or uncer- 0 ain, I have given prisoners the benefit f doubt the especially If there was a ? ick of motive or previous good charac- f er proven. i To the second question I would say hat a Board of Pardons or an Advisoy Board, while not necessary, would , ilieve the Governor of much work and J cme responsibility. If such Board * xists, however, it should be frequentj changed throughout so as to insure ^ thorough examination of petitions ? na prevent the possibility of any traf- z. eking in pardons. J To the third question: I think under ? srtain circumstances conditional par- * ons are desirable, and I have urged ae adoption of the intermediate sendee system by which the crime, after conviction is secured, is punished by jr. maximum or a minimum term of imrisonment depending on the behavior f the prisoner and the evidence of his ? ^formation. Punishment is for the ' urpose of reforming criminals and de- ? jrring others from committing crime. 7, Judges are very capricious and unjasonable sometime in passing sen- " mce, and by such a system the Peni entiary directors could release a pns- , ner or recommend a pardon whenever i their judgment the purpose ofimrisonmenthad been accomplished. g To the fourth question: In general do not like the parole system of con- g itional pardons. Such men are not T ree in the full sense of the term, and I p rould prefer, as a general rule, absolute p elease or service of the full term. J? I have never granted but two condi- p ional pardons. One was a man who laltreated his wife while under the in- t. uence of liquor. The other was a boy }J hirteen years old. The condition in ^ he first case remanded the man to pri- p on upon proof that he r! rank any liquor or maltreated the p /oman. Of course the wife begged ^ or clemency. The boy was allowed to * ;ave the penitentiary on condition J* hat he went to a reform school where Jr e was practically a prisoner. ? Yours respectfully, B. R. Tillman, Governor. Indicted. c< Darlington, June 13.?The Court d f Sessions adjourned todav, having raited since yesterday to receive the final ^ sport ot the grand jury. This body has 1 een considering various complications oat arose from the receDt tragedy here rought on by the counstables. The oai presentment made today in this a ase, to be hereafter known as the State w f South Carolina versns the State of Car- w Una, was unexpected and acted like a ^ oomeriiDg. a Assistant Attorney General Birber n ras here to have the case of the State c gainst certain citizens, for firing into a ' y ' ?1?* ^ ??>/4 \Trv Kdrn \ Lj6 OQciriCSlUii, auu xii/nxuviu ? ra n on the day of the tragedy properly &l resentej. After hearing the evidence v gainst seventeen of our citizens in this " ase the jury presented true bills against, n Capt John C. Bteckwell and others" * jr thi3 cllecce. It will be re nembered b hat at the time or the tragedy McLen- s, on, who was wounded, was carried to u ail bv Sheriff Scarborough, he having r, ieen delivered to the sheriff by the Darl- t! agton Guards, who nad been in charge. )a the day after the killing unknown cities were allowed entrance to the jail nd McLcndou was spirited away. 7 Fall particulars concerning his escape M r-ere published ia The Neva and Cour- ^ er at the time, and i-ll details were 55 . e iveu, even as to now nis mustacne was . imrced and how the change of his ap- * arel was effected. This matter was troughs to the attention ef the grand tj ary an i they aave it most careful coo- j( ideration. As the result Sheriff Scar- ^ >orcugh and his deputy were presented a 01 allowing McLendou to make such aa I xit Irom durance as he did when charged a eilh theg.ave cr.me of homicide, and it dtesrs W. J. VV. Skinner and Simpson a ikinner were also presented tor having P .ided McL'-ndon in eliectiDg his escape. a Tne jury was composed of mixed ma- D erial. with a majority of Tillmanites, w iod gave this case lo^g and most careful onsideration. Couasiable Newbold, has been s porking here for some time, and it was tl mown la-.t week that the names ofeigh- 1 eeu prominent citizens would be pres- t mted for having fired on the Charleston, juoiter and Northern t-ain. Nothing 2 pas known until today, however, of the ? iCliou taken in reference to the ^resent- ? ueut against Sheriff Scarborough aua * lis deputy and the Messrs. Skinner for r fleeting McLendon's escape when he ^ vas charged with such a crime. The ac- (_ ion of the jury seems to have been fair t ind non-partisan, and for this all thanks. 1 ?New and Courier. I THE MILI TAKY COURT. hey Make Their R part to tho Governc r. Columbia, S. C., June 13.?The miliary court of inquiry has handed in beir report to the Governor. It covers 10 pages of closely written foolscap nd was received too late to publish tore than a synopsis of the {ladings of tie court. As to Mayor Metis the court finds tiat his conduct was unbecoming an fiicer and prejudicial to military dis ipline in counselling the Guards not j so to Darlington. As to the Governor's Guards the ourt says Capt. J. II. Bateraan was uilty of disobeying orders but in doig so he was iDlluenced by a belief bat to attempt to carry the company ut of the army would precipitate a Lot. No other officer or member was uilty of any disobedience of orders. Those members who threw down heir side arms In the presence of the rovernor were guilty of unbecoming onauct but were laboring under great ypi rnpnf P. ivate B. G. Mills and E. C. Cathart disobeyed orders in not turning lit under arms on March 30 when orered to do so by their captain. As to the Richland Volunteers: As d Captain Alston refusing to put his jen in line when ordered by Col. J. G. Patts the court expresses no opinion* .eaving that out of consideration he isoyed no orders nor was guilty of ny conduct unbecoming an officer. He i commended for his determination to 0 his whole duty leaviDg a sick bed. lo officer or member was guilty of disbeying orders. As to the Zouaves: Captain Capers ras guilty of disobeying orders and of onduct unbecoming an officer in ecouraging his officers and men to disbey urders; that with the exception of /ieut. Frost and a few members the ouaves were guilty of disobeying orers. A3 to the Jenkins KillYork, they rere guilty of deliberate disobedience 1 refusing to go to Columbia when orered. As to the Gordon Light Infantry, of Vinnsboro, Captain Jordan was guilty f premeditated disobedience, and is olely responsible for the failure of his ompany to come to Columbia. As to the Catawba R iles, Rock Hill, lapiftiu xv^eu auu ijieuucuauu xiam on Were guilty of disobedience, al dough Captain Ileed had been elected ut had not received recognition by the tate. As to the Gordon Volunteers, comDis3ioned officers and ten men disobey o orders. Other members did bul rom business considerations and nol rom desire to shirk military or the ervices required of them. The court of induiry made the fol >wing report as to the Fourth Bri ade: That Brigadier General T. A. Huge in was guilty of disobedience of orers issued b7* Governor B. R. Tillmar larch 31. He issued no verbal oj rritten orders to any officer or comany of his brigade to go to Darlingon or even to turn out on March 2C cd 31. That Maj. B. H. Rutledge, comlanding Second Battalion, was guilty f conduct prejudicial to discipline in ttending two conferences of officers Lthe 4th Brigade and Cap:. DjBcss f the Navy Battalion and participatig in discussions relating to the proriety of obeying orders. Maj. A. W. larshall of the Washington Light Ininfrtr tx7Qo rrnilftr olurt u<j \f-ji T?nt. *un j n ug g uti\jj u*uv mu ajamji v?w !dge,he having attended three conferaces. Capt. Schochte of the German Fullers also attended these conferences f the same nature and is likewise uilty. The same applies to (J3pt. J. J. Reaan, of the Montgomery Guards. The same report is made as to Capt. . F. O'Gara, of the Irish Voiuoteers; apt. D. MacMuliin, of the Palmetto uards; Capt. T. T. Hyde of the Sum )r Guards; Capt. F. W. Jessen, of the ermanHuzzars. Capt. Wagener, Lieut. J. F. Lilienael, Capt. J. E. Cogswell, commandlg Company 13. Washington Light ofantry; Capt. 'Edward Anderson, arolina Rifles, are liable to reprimand nd for attending these conferences, apt. Anderson at flrstexpressed himflf willing to obey orders and therefter acted as to indicate his willingees to obey all orders and his desire to ~ J * U /vf r% m rv? i n rapuuu uu tuuar ul mc k/;iuui.iuu(i i?j hief. Tnat except such as are hereinbefore numerated no officer or member of ie brigade has been guilty of any onduct unbecoming an officer or solier. That no member of the gatling gun juad wa3 guilty of any conduct unbeoming an officer or men. Met De?th While L?t?nchij?. Quarantine, IS. I., June 16.?Acording to the identification of husband nd brother-in-law, the body of the roman found yesterday fioatirg in the rater off Fort Wadsworth is that of Irs. Isaac XewtOD Lemon, who lived 1603 ISixth Avenue, New York. A umber of valuable rings and a gold hain bracelet were found on the lady nd served to aid in the identification. r - - 1 - 1 i: U-P O onli'nr irc3. JU^mULI IU3L 1I1C uj a pctunai ccident. While dancing on the pa ilion of Ulmer Park Hotel, Long IsiLid Beach, Mrs. Lemon and her parter lost their balance and fell iato the rater. She disappeared at once, and it ras thought at the time that she must ave been rendered unconscious by triking the rail. All efforts to find he body were unavailing until it was ecovered yesterday, many miles from he place where the accident occurred Locnats B?ak Up a Picnic. Keyfout, June 16.?The seventeen ear locusts appeared in swarms to day i Broch's Grove, on the banks of the laritan Bay, betweea this place and outh Amboy. There was picnic in the rove. The locusts covered the trees od clung to the seats. They covered he dancing platforms, and in a short Ime so many were crushed beneath he feet of the dancers that the pavilra had to be abandoned. The picnic era were discussing the locusts when swarm of millions decended on them 'he insects alighted on women's hats nd clothing, and caused a high-kickag contest not down on the bills. The ir seemed full of the pests, and tht arty fled from the grove, shrieking "'.llirri net if nnronu^ H17 TT71 1 H ! V. I LIU JTCillUg ao 11 ^uieucu kij nnu uui ials. Several women fainted, and ?ere carried to farm houses. A Kentucky Sensation. Lexington, Ky., June 14.?The sen ation in political circles here today n he published statement that Genera! iasll Duke, of Louisville, the editor ol he Southern Magazine and brother-in iw and chief of stalf of Gen. Jno. Mor an, the famous Confederate raider, ha< -?/4 If < \ ^ I If,nrtT PIott \f nnMTfil 33 U.1 UU xTJLdJ . JLXCiai J v/i hat he will stump A3hlaad District foi im and against Col. Breckinridge, ii he latter is nominated, Maj. McDowel esides in Ashland, Henry Clay's estate ils wife being the grand daughter o: Hay and he has practically consentec o be the Itepublican candidate, i Jreckinridge is renominated. Genera )ake is a stalwart Democrat. ! READS LIKE A NOVEL. A STRANGE CASE BROUGHT TO LIGHT RECENTLY. K*g u! s In Two Pardons lfalng Granted oy i 1 he G ivtraor?Soma R im-in'ic Featares ? Tiia Camplate S ory IqOd Ch *p *r. Columbia, S. C, Juae 14.?A case 1 was brought to the atteatioa of Gover? nor Tillman yesterday the details of ; which read like the plot of some frood ovei. as a result oi tne presentation of matter to the Governor a*small, quiet i looking white maD, who went Insidetiie penitentiary walls only two days ago as a common convict, came forth again yesterday afternoon, after a brief experience of prison life, with a full pari don in the pocket of his coat. His brief stay in prison had changed his appearance very materially, for nis hair had been clipped and hi3 face had been clean shaven. The strange part of it all is that, even though pardoned, and a free man, he does cot even know what legal relations he bears to the young woman whom he sometime ago wedded. It is truly a most remarkable case. The story, as told to the Governor, is romantic in extreme. The man iD the case is John W. Hodge, of Clarendon county. The womaa is Hester Hodge, nee Gibbes. It seems that about two years ago Hodge married the girl, who is said to be strikingly pretty, the i ceremony beiDg performed by a f Ml f\ 1 -1 linf I /?A m >*/ ** 1 1 MM i uiiai xucjr iivcu uuKctuoi as man and wife and things wentaloog without any trouble until a short time ago, About four months ago a child was born to the couple. It appears that there was another man who himself wanted to marry tne girl. She preferred Hodge, however, and the other suitor attended the wedding. The statement made to the Governor was that this jilted suitor, alleging that the girl had colored blood in her veins, had a warrant .lsssued for her i and Hodge charging them with "unlawfnl intermarriage." Thev were arrested, tried and convicted. Hodge was sentenced to one year in the pen!ten tiary. The woman was sentenced to i pay a line of $500, but, owing to the i illness of her child, the judge released her from imprisonment temporarily , without the pay meat of the fine. Upon the showing made to the Governor, there is no doubt as to Hodge's beiDg a white man. The girl's grandmother and mother were of pure white blood. Oa her father's side, however, there seems to have been a strain of Indian or some other kind of blood, the interjection of which into the family extends back beyond the Revolutionary war. To all outward appearance, and as far back as the neighborhood history goes, no trace of any other blood but this can be found. The girl's family has always been considered white and has associated with none but white people. Her father fought as a Confederate soldier through the recent war. The family has always ? I ,1 n1 I . ? .U? . . .ini.n rPk/uin b.UUU WCil 1U LUC CULULUUUltjr. xucoc . are the facts of the remarkable case as i presented to Governor Tillman yesterday and which he considered justified . a pardon. Now the question arises whether, after conviction, in the court of General i Session?, the parties to the marriage i contract can now be considered legally married and whether their child is legitimate or not. It is understood that some effort will be made to have this question decided in the courts.? State. A SAD TALE. A Wretched Firnily, Who Tramprd to Chariest )a for Saccor. Columbia,S. C, Jane 14? 3aniiy morning when St. Michael's run for early service and the air was laden with the perfume of flowers the bell of fViQ nAmriint rtf A tr T.aHff nf Vfar/?r in ? uo v/v/u tv.uv vL vat r v*. Queen street wa3 ran?. When the good samaratan of that holy place answered the call she was horrified to see before her the ghastliest sight of want and suffering that she ever set eyes upon. Her heart was touched at the spectacle before her and it was with difficulty that she could command herself to speak. "For God's sake give us something to eat, we are starving," said the voice of a child. The sister started at the words and looked into the pale, haggard face of a boy of nine summers. The boy's rugged countenance was distored with pun. lie looked dirty and miserable and was almost naked, his clothes hanging to his back in tatters. A thin cadaverous looking woman, pale and worn with suffering, held him by the hand. This was the boy's mother, poor soul! The clotnes that hung on ber back were like the boy's pacthes and travel stained. A little old man bent with age brought up the rear. This was the father sn whose face the marks of suf, fering were Indelibly stamped. He ; leaned heavily on the arm of his sou, an elder boy eleven years old, who like his brother, war also ragged and dirty, tired and hungry. This was the picture that met the good sister's eyes. A party of four hungry people stood staring her in the ! tace. The sister's heart was touched, she called for assistance and in a very tew moments four tired souls were | seated before a table on which steamei | the most delicious yiands, hot coffee . and rolls, a meal for a king. When the ' meal was over and the party had eaten their full, the mother with a deep sigh i related the following sad story: , "My husband, myself and two little boys lived at Marion. We lived happily together until my husband became ' sick. The little money he had was expended in doctors' bills and medicines. But that is not all, what properity we p" had was mortgaged to keep the wolf , from the door. The blow came the other day when everything we had was , taken from us. Then we dectded to leave the old homestead and come to Charleston. We had no money to pay our fare here and we had to walk. We tramptd the entire distance my sick husband, mvseii two boys, aaa waeu we arrived here we were tired and worn out. The sisters were deeply touched and expressed their heartfelt , sympathy. For the remainder of the morning , the sister did everything in their [ power to make their guests as comfort. able as possible. To wards evening the party of four were transferred to the [ station house where they were housed until an early hour ^ yesterday morniDg wheo they were sent back to Marion, there . fare on the railroad having been paid. i The sisters collected an abundance of I clothing an other necessaries for I them and they went away much - happier than when they came. The old man was a sight to behold. 3 Bent with age, his wrinkled and pallid 1 countenance had the marks ot much r suffering. At the conveat he moaned J i-U A _ [ uiimriy ri:;u caueu upuu me axauci w 1 take care of his poor wife that he was i going; to die. He asked the sister's f permission to lie on the piazza. "I cant i walk anymore," he said,''I am going f to die." The names of the party are 1 Patrick HaDks, Marry Hanks, P. E. Hanks, and Jon. J. Hanks.?The Sun.