The Lancaster ledger. (Lancaster, S.C.) 1852-1905, December 13, 1854, Image 2
THE LANCASTER LEDGER ,
, ra Published EVERT j,
Wednesday Horning ,?
AT L A N C AST E R VILI.F., 8. C. j
Terms.?$-2 00 a rear if paid in advance ; i .
2 60 if pnym't be delayed 3 m'a; ,,
3 00 aftertax months. 1 (
Advertisements Inserted at the rate of 76 j
rente per square of 13 lines for the 1st (
insertion, 374 Cents for every subsequent y
_ insertion. For announcing a candidate $5. ' .
H. 8. BAILEY. lj
^ Editor atul Proprietor ,
liutulred and twenty eight dollanqof which I ,
there had been paid on the twentieth day (
of November, 1854, the sum of twenty- <
' two million three hundred nnd sixty five
- thousand one hundred ami seventy-two '
dollars; leaving a balance of outstanding
iiuolio dob; of only forty four million nine '
hundred and seventy-five thousand four ,
hundred and filly-six dollars, redeemable ,
at ditfereut periods within fourteen years. |
There nre also remnants of other gover i- i
moot stocks, most of which aro already <
due, ou which the interest has ceased, but j )
which have not yet been presented for 1 '
payinet, amounting to two htinjred and |
thir^v-three thousand one hundred and (
seventy-nine dollars. This statement ex- 1,
hibits the fact, that the annual income of i
the government greatly exceeds tlie I
amount of its public debt, which latter 1
remains unpaid, only because the time of
payment bus not yet matured, and it can- j J
noi t?c uiscnnrgeu at once, except at the 1 (
option of public creditor*, who prefer to ,
retain tbu securities of the United States; |
aud the other fact, not less striking, that <
the annual revenue from all sources ex- I
ceeils, by many millions of dollars, the 1
amount needed for predent and econoini- I
cal administration of the Government.
The estimates presented to Congress
from the ditb rent Executive Departments,
at the last session, amounted to thirtv-eight
million fonr hundred and six thousand five |
hundred and eighty-one dollars ; and the
appropriations made, to the sum of fiftyeight
millions one hundred and sixteen thousand
nine hundred and fifty-eight dollars.
Of this excess of appropriations over cstimates,
however, more than twenty millions
was applicable to extraordinary objects, hav- j
ing ho reference to the usual annual expenditures.
Among theso objects was emhra- I
ced ten millions to meet the third nrticle of
the treaty between the United Flatus ami
Mexico ; so that, in fact, for objects of ordinary
expenditure, the appropriations were
limited to considerably less than forty millions
of dullars. I therefore, renew in> recommendation
for a reduction of the duties
on imports. The report of the Secretary
of the Treasury presents a series of tables,
showing the operation of the revenue sys
tern for several successive years, and us the
general principle of reduction of duties with j
u view to revenue and not protection may |
now be regarded as the settled policy of the i
country, I triwt llutf. little difficulty will be
encountered in settling the details of a 1
tneaiore to that effect
In connection with this subject, I recommend
a change In the laws, which recent ex- ;
perience has shown to bo essential to the
protection of the government. There is no
Uxpress provision of law, requiring the records
and papers of n public character of i
Iko ,.r <1... ........ -? - '
be left in their offices lbr the use of their
successors, no* any provision declaring it
. felony on.tlufUwWMfA
** absence of auth express provision by law,
fhe ootgoing officers, in many instances,
have claimed and exercised the right to take
into their own possession, important books
atid papers, on the ground that these were
their private property; and have placed them
beyond the reach of the government.
Conduct of this character, brought in .several
instances to the notico of the present
Secretary of the Treasury, naturally awakened
his suspicion, nnd resulted in the disclosure
that at four porta, namely, Oswego,
Toledo. Sandusky and Milwankie, the treasury
had, by falsi entries, been defrauded, i
within the four yiafh next preceding March, 1
1853, of Mie su.-u of one hundred and nine,
ty-eighty thou^aid dollars. The great difficulty
with which the detection of these
frauds has beon attended, in consequence
of the abstraction of hooks nnd papers by
tho retiring officers, nnd the facility with
which sitnilur frauds in tho public service
may be perpetrated, render tho necessity of
new legal enactments, in ;he respects above
referred to, quite obvious. For other material
modi He itions of the revenue laws,
which seem to me desirable, I ref**r yon to
Hie report of tho Secretary of the Treasury,
tbt report, nnd the *nblcs which nccom
piny it, furitUh ample proofs of the solid 1
k. found ition on which the financial security
of the country rests, and of the salutary
influence of the independent treasury ays- .
a.' tern upon CommefCe and all monetary opera !
lions.
The expcrien"c of the Inst year furnishes
additional reasons. I regret to say, of n painful
character, for the recommendation heretofore
ntade, to provide for increasing the
military force employed in the territory in
habited by the Indians. The settlers on
the frontier have suffered much from the
incursions of predatory bands, and large
parties of emigrants to our Pacific possessions,
have been massacred with impunity.
Tho recurrence of such scenes can only be
prevented, by teaching these wild tribes the
nower of, and their responsibility to the
|k United States. From thu garrisons of our
frontier posts, it is only possible to detach
troops in small bodies ; and though these
have on all ocrasiont, displayed a gallantry
and s stern devotion to duty, which on a
I . --
fm ? i.irgor nuiu woiiiu nave commanded universal
admiration, they- have usually suffered
severely in these conflict* with superior
f> umbers, sn I hnve sometime s been entirely
- soeriflced. AH the disposable force of the
nfmy is already employed on this service,
Sad is kSewii to be wholly inadequate to the
# / protection which should be atforded. The
pvRb aiad of the eonntry has been recently
shocked by savage atrocities committed
upon defenceless emigrants and border
K( settlements, and hardly less by the unnecessary
destruction of valuable lives, where
IMMkpMte detachments of troops hsve an*
JBL (fortaken to furnish the needed aid. Wlth?
out increase of the military fores, these
ueesre will be repeated ; It is to be feared,
on larger su.de, and with more disastrous
consequence*. Congress, I am sure, will
4- pensive, that the plai.iest duties sod rebp
spomsi bill ties of Government are involvad
in this question, end doubt n >t that
prompt action may be confidently soticipa*
ted when delay must be attended by such
fearful hazard-.
The bill of the last session. for art increase
of the pay of the rsi k and file ef J
m. ?
Ik JTiJSiE"^.8 1
ini(c?rt*Mera?k>n wm not bwtoted M 0?? J
EF -A of"***, grha, in *l?nv nf ih- lv rb.im?Tflr ?mf 1
EP? ti)? tiw%- <o *w?mh*r <
B< a*"HMfMMt.'i'y # /:. t, iWivi' at pa.^t 1
HL ' * ttih is in my Ivli 1
|M>1< ' "
The valuable services constantly rendersi
by Hie Army, nnd its inestimable itnpor nnce,
ns the nucleus nround which the volinteer
forces of the nation can promptly
gather in the hour of danger, sufficiently
ittest the wisdom of maintaining a military
>ence establishment ; but the theory of our
ty stem and the wiso practice under it, rejuire
that any proposed augmentation, in
ime of peace, be only commensurate with
>ur extended limits and frontier relations,
iVhile scrupulously adhering to this principle,
I find in existing circumstances, a rvjessity
for increase of our military force
ind it is believed that four new regiments,
two of infantry and two of mounted men,
cvill be sufficient to meet the present exigency.
If it were necessary carefully to
weigh the cost in a case of such urgency, it
would be shown that the additional expanse I
would be comparatively light.
With the increase of the numerical force
of the army should, I think, be combined
certain measures of reform i > its organic
arrangement and administration. The present
organization is the result of partial
legislation, often directed to special objects
ind interests; nnd the laws regulating rank I
snd command, having been adopted many
rears ngo, from the British code, nre not ub |
ways applicable to our service. It is not
surprising, therefore, that the system should |
l>e deficient in the symmetry and simplicity j
ssentinl to the harmonious working pf its :
?evernl parts, and require a careful revision. |
The present organization, by maintaining j
large staff corps or departments, separates I
many officers from thut close connection j
with troops, and those active duties ip the i
Held, which are deemed requisite to qualify |
them for the varied responsibilities of high j
command. Were the duties of the army
itafT mainly discharged by olliecrs detached
from their regiments, it is believed that the
special service would be equally well per
formed, and the discipline and instruction
of the army bo improved. While duo regard
to the security of tho lights of officers
and to the nice sense ot honor which should
be cultivated among thorn, would seem to
uxnet compliance with the established rule
of promotion iu ordinary cases, sliil it can
hardly be doubted that the. range of promotion
by selection, which is now | radically
confined to the grade of general officers,
might be somewhat extended with benefit
to tho public service. Observance of the
rule of seniority sometimes leads, especially
in time of peace, to the promotion of officers
who, after meritorious and even distinguished
service, may have been rendered
by age or infirmity incapable of performing
active duty, and whose advancement, therefore,
would tend to impair the efficiency of
the uriny. Suitable provision for this class
of officers, by tho creation of a retired list,
would remedy tho evil, without wounding
the just pride of men, who, by past services,
have established a claim to high consideration.
In again commending this measure
to tho favorable consideration of Congress,
I would suggest that tho power of placing
officer on the retired list bo limited to one
year.
The practical operation of the measure
would thus he tested, and if, after the lapse
of years, there should be occasion to renew
the provision, it can bo reproduced will)
unv improvements which experience may
indicate. The present organization of the
artillery into regiments is liable to obvious
objections. Tho service of artillery is that
ot batteries, and nn organization of batteries
into a corps of artillery would be
more consistent with the nnturo of their
uunes. n inrgv pan 01 uie troops now ewied
artillery, aro, and have been, on duty as
infantry ; the distinction between thc^w^
*/7llfuVy'fti*o0f "service is entirely disproportionate
to the whole force, and greater than
the wants of the country demand. I therefore
recommend the discontinuance of a distinction,
which has no foundation in cither
the anna used, or the character of the acrjrlce
expected to be performed.
in connection with the proposition for
the increase of the army, I have presented
these suggestions with regard to certain
measures of reform as the complement of
a system, which would p*odueetlic happiest
results from u given expenditure,and which
would produce the happiest results from a
given expenditure, and w liieh I hope may
attract the early attention, an 1 he deemed
worthy of the approval, of Congress.
The recommendation of the Secretary of
the Navy, having reference to more ample
provisions for the discipline and general improvement
in tiie character of seamen, aud
for the re-organization and gradual increase
of the navy, I deem eminently worthy of
your favorable consideration. The principles,
which have controlled our policy in
relation to the permanent military force, by
sea, and land, are sound, consistent with the
theory of our system, and should by no
means be disregarded. But, limiting the
force to the objects particularly set forth in
the preceding part of this message, we
should not overlook the present magnitude
aud prospective nxtension of our commercial
marine, nor fail to give duo weight tu.
the fact that, besides the two thousand
miles of Atlantic seaboard* we have now u
Pacific coast, strctc1 ing from Mexico to the
British Possessions in the north, teeming
with wealth nnd enterprise, and demanding
the constant presence of ships-of war.?
The augmentation of the navy has not kept
pace with the duties properly nnd profitably
assigned to it in time of |x?acu, and it is inadequate
for the largo field of its operations,
not merely in the present but still m< re in
the progressive'y increasing exigencies of
the wealth and commerce of the United
States, I cordially approve of the proposed
apprentice system for our national vessels,
recommended by tbo Secretary of the Navy.
The occurrence, during the last few
months, of marine disasters of the most
tragic nature, involving gnat loss of human
life, has produced intense emotions of
sympathy and sorrow throughout the conntry.
It may well be doubted whether all
these calamitous events are wholly attributable
to the nece uary und inevitable dangers
of the sos. The merchants, mariners,
and ship-builders of the United Stales, are,
it is true, unsurpassed in far-reaching enterprise,
skill, intelligence and conrage, by
any others in the world. But, with the in.
creasing amount of our commercial tonnage
in the aggregate, and the larger size
and improved equipment of the ships now
constructed, s deficiency in the supply of
reliable seamen begins to be very seriously
f..u fw.. i? : ?- ?
mm*. a wo lucunvouieiico HK/t P^rnAM, r>o
met, in part, by due regulation for We introduction,
into our merchant ships, of indented
apprentice* ; which, while It would
utl'ord useful and eligible occupation to oumerouc
young men, would have a tendency
to roioe the character of seamen at a cluaa.
And U is deserving of oeriou* reflection,
whether it may not be deatmblo to revke
the dieting (awe for the ranintonnoce of
dietfiy|M at iMA, upon whkh the Mount/ of
Hi cVproperty on the oecau must to eo
great an extent depend. Although mueh
tttention hoe already been gireo by Con |reM
to the proper conatruelion and arrangeneot
#f etwUh 'reeeele, and all passenger
Man, eMJt b beleived that the achiceoneots
of science and mechanical skill in
hia direction hare oot been exhausted. No
(%nd roaaCn uikui tor trie tuafti I tltatine!.??,
* nu-. i pp.- >(* upon ow iuimpc 'be-j
wcvii iiu- u*a for protecting Ins ithdjgro -wgPPW
' *4*
'!* V,1' V # f
l .<kl ahj/ rat- "
-M , v - J
on land. In mostot tlio Stitcs severe penalties
are provided to punish conductors of
trains, engineers, and others employed in
the transportation of persons by railway, or
by steamboats on rivers. Why should not
the same principle bo applied to insubordination,
cowardice, or other misconduct, on
the part of masters and mariners, producing
injury or death to passengers on the high
seas, beyond the jurisdiction of any of the
States, and where such delinquencies can
bj readied only by the power of Congress?
Tire whole subject is earnestly commended
to your consideration.
The report of the Postmaster General,
to which you aro referred for many interesting
details in relation, to this important
and rapidly extending branch of the public
service, shows that the expenditure of the
{rear ending June 3d, 1851. including one
mndred and thirty.three thousand four hundred
and eighty.three dollars of balance
due to foreign offices, amounted to eight
million seven hundred and ten thousand nine
hundred and seW>n dollars. The gross receipts
during the same period amounted to
six millions nine hundred and fifiy-five thousand
live hundred and eighty-six dollars;
exhibiting an expenditure over inconio of ;
oiio million seven bunder and I. fly-live thou- ;
sand three hundred and twenty-one d liars, !
and n diminution of deficiency, as compared
with the last year, of three hundred
and sixty-one thousand seven hundred and
fiftv-six dollars. Thu increase of the revc- 1
nuo of the dep irtmen', for the year ending
Juno 30, 1854, over the preceding year, was
nine hundred and seventy thousand three
hundred and ninetv-nine dollars. No proportionate
increase, fiowevcr, can bo snticipited
for the current year in consequence
of the net of Congress of Juno 23, 1854,
providing for increased compensation to all
post m tsters. From these statements it is
apparent that the Post Office Department,
instead of defraying its expenses, according
to the design at the tiina of its creation,
is now, and under existing la?s ihust continue
to be, to no am til extent, a charge
upon the general treasury. The cost of
mail transportation, during the year ending
June 30, 1851, exceeds the coat of the preceding
year by four hundred and iiincty-five
thousand and seventy-four dollars. I again
call your attention to the subject of mail
transportation by ocean steamers, and commend
the suggestions of the Postmaster
General to your early attention.
During the last fiscal year eleven million
seventy thousand nine hundred and thirtyfiv?
acres of the public lands have been surveyed,
and eight million one hundred and
! ninety thousand and seventeen acres brought
into market. The number of acres sold i?
seven million thirty-live thousand seven
hundred and thirly-nvo, and the amount received
therefor nino million two hundred
and eighty-five thousand five hnndred and
thirty-three dollars. The aggregate amount
of lands sold, located under military scrip
and land warrants, selected as swamp lands
by States, and by locating under grants for
roads, is upwards of twenty-three millions
of acres. The increase of lands sold, over
the previous year, is about six million* of
acres ; and the sales during the two first
quarters of the current year present the extraordinary
result of five and a half millions
sold,exceeding by nearly four million* of
seres the sale* of the corresponding quarter*
of the last year, thus increasing to nn
extent unparalleled during any like period
in our past history the amount of revenue
provided from this source for the Federal
Treasury.
The commendable policy of the crnveinment.
in relation to acting nparf public do
: t .u. . ..a. i -- m?.a.-counfry'ih
(Tine h? war, 's illustrated by the fact,
that since 1790 no less lhan thirty millions
of acres h ive been applied to tliU object.
The suggestions, which I submitted in
my annual message of last year, in reference
to grants of land i i aid of the construction
of railways, were loss full and ex-plicit than
the magnitude of the snbject and subsequent
developments would seem to render proper
trill 1*1 ) >1 i ? I ! " IKa UAIinrln.iaa *1...
principle then asserted with regard to the
limitation of the power of Congress, I en
tertiin no douht: hut in its application it ia
not enough that tho value of lands in a
particular locality may be enhanced; that
in fact, a larger amount of money may probably
be received, in a given tiinu, for alternate
sections, than could have been realised
for all tho sections, without the impulse
and influence of the proposed improvements.
A prudent proprietor looks bey nd limited
sections of his domain, beyond prrs nt re*
suits, to the ultimate effect which a particular
line of policy is likely to produce upon
all his poss salons and interests. The gov.
eminent, which is trustee, in this in tttor, for
the people of the States, Is bound to bike
the same wise and comprehensive view.?
Prior to and during the last session of Congress,
upwards of thirty millions of acres of
land were withdrawn from public sale, with
a view to applications for grants of this
character pending before Congreaa. A careful
review of the whole gubject led me to
direct that nil suih orders be abrogated, nod
the lands restored to market; and instrucr
tions were immediately given to that effect
The applications at the Inst session contemplated
the construction of more than five
thousand miles of road, and grants to the
amount of nes'ly twenty millions of acres
of tho pnbiic domain. Even admitting the
right on the part of Congress to be unquestionable,
is it quite clear I hat the proposed
giants would bo productive of good, and not
evil ? The different projects are confined,
fordhe present, to eleven States of this Union,
and one Territory. The reasons as
signed for the grants, show that it is proposed
to put the works' speedily in process
of construction. When we reflect, that
since the commencement of^ho construction
of railways in the Unitod States, stimulated
sa they have been by the large dividends
realised from the earlier works over the
great thoroughfares, and between the most
important points of commerce and population,
encouraged by State legislation, and
pressed forward by the amazing energy of
private enterprise, only seventeen thousand
miles have been completed in all the States
in s omuter of s century;?when we see the
crippled condition of many works comment ei
and prosecuted upon what were deemed
to be sound principles, and safe calculations;
?when we contemplate the enormous ah
Horpnon 01 capital wiinar.iwn rrom the ordinary
channels of busineaM, the extravagant
rates of interest at this moment paid to continue
operations, the bankruptcies not merely
in money, but in character, and the inerttable
effect upon finances generally;?ean it
be doubted that the tendency Is to ran to
excess In this matter? Is it wise to aug.
ment this excess by encouraging hops* of
s'.iddeo wsalth expected to tow from tn igniftcent
schemes dependent apon the action
of Congresst Dots the spir t, which has
produced each results, need to bi stimulated,
or checked ? Is it not the better rale
to leave all these works to private enter-'
prise, regulated, and, when expedient, aidem
i?v the eo operation of States ? If constnOer
toff by private capital, the stimulant and the
check go together* and furnish a saintor/
restraint against cpeealatirs sehemes and
tfitraVfcgsnce. But it In manifest that, with
the most effective guards, there Is danger of
tort f vijjt m>d tnafar. TT .
jWvlWlrtre?? : . -/ ,,n
i'tontenvpttlinff n stmultrfftfftWfmwffilcnt for
ihmi rooelmction nf n>hhe*i, hflwh.lfl ?*
t qaftkiirL M
? * a. * fcjjl
t.mt, will equal, exclusive of the great Pacific
road and all its brunches, tleurly onethird
of the entire length of such works,
now completed, in the United States, nnd
wlijch cannot cost, with equipments, less
than one hundred and fifty millions of dollars.
The dangers likely to result from
combinations of interests of this character,
can h :rdly be over estimated. Hut, independently
of theso considerations, whercis
the accurate knowledge, the comprehensive
intelligence which shall discriminate between
the relative claims of theso twentyeight
proposed roads in eleven States nnd
one Territory ? Where will you begin, and
where end ? If to enable these companies
to execute their proposed w rks, it is necessary
that the aid of the General Government
be primarily given, the policy will present
a problem so conipreheusive in its bearings,
and so important to our political and
social well being, as to claim, in anticipation,
tlio severest analysis Entertaining
these views, I recur with naiisfnuUoii to the
experience and action of the last session of
Congress, as furnishing assurance that the
subject w II not fail to elicit a careful reexamination
nnd rigid scrutiny.
It was my intention to present, on this
occasion, some suggestions regarding internal
improvements by the General Government,
which WMtt of time at the close of
tha 11st session prevented my submitting on
thuTeturnto the House of Representatives,
with objections, of the bill entitled, "an act
til iking appropriations for the repair, preservation
and completion of certain public
works heretofore commenced under authori
ty of law but the space in this contmunication
already occupied with other matter
of immediate public exigency constrains
me to reserve that subject for n special message,
which will be transmitted to the two
Houses of Congress at an eaily day.
The judicial establishment of the United
States requires modification, nnd certain
reforms in the manner of conducting the
legal business of the government are also
much needed : but as I have addressed you
upon both of these subjects at length before,
I have only to cull your attention to
the suggestions then made.
My former recommendations, in relation
. I . ? _1 C
10 suiumc provision lor various oujms ui
interest to the inhabitants of the District
of Columbia, are renewed. Many of
these objects partake larjjely of a national
character, and are important, independently
of their relation to the prosperity of the
only considerable organized community in
the Union, entirely unrepresented in Congr-ss.
I have ill.is presented suggestions on such
subjects as appear to me to be of particular
interest or importance, and therefore most
worthy >f consideration during the short
remaining period allotted to the labors of
the present Congress.
Our forefathers of the thirteen United
Colonies, in acquiring their independence,
and in founding this Republic of the United
Slates of America, have devolved upon
ns, their descendants, the greatest and the
most noble trust over committed to the
hands of m in; imposing upon nil, and especiilly
such as the public will may hive
invested for the t'uno being, with political
functions, the most sacred obligations. We
h ive to maintain inviolate the great doctrinc
of tho inherent rijjht of popular selfgovernment
; to reconcile the largest liberty
of the individual citizen, with complete
security of tho public order; to :enJer
cheerful ub.-di- Ace to the laws of the land,
to unite in enforcing their execution, and to
.?a all combinations to
resist them to harmonize a mvcm ?..
dent devotion to tlie institutions of religious
faith, with the most universal religious toleration
; to preserve the rights of all by
causing each to respect those of Uie other ;
to carry forward eVery social improvement
to the uttermost limit of human perfectibility,
by tho free action of mind upon
mind, not by the obtrusive intervention ol
misapplied force: to uphold the integrity
and guard tho limitations of our organic
law ; to preserve sacred from all touch ol
usurpation, as the Very palladium of our political
silvation, the reserved powers of the
sever-d States and of the people ; to cherish,
with loy.,1 fealty and devoted affection, this
Union, nstho only sure foundation on which
the hon.-s of civil liberty rest; to administer
government with vigilant integrity Hnd
rigid economy ; to cultivate peace and friendship
with foreign nations, and io demand
nnd exact equal justice froip nil, but to do
wrong to none ; to eschew intermeddling
with the national policy and the domestic
roposu of other governments, nnd to repel
it from our own ; never to shrink from wai
ivhcn the rights and the honor of the country
calls us to amis, hut to cultivate in pref
rence the arts of peace, acek enlargement
of tho rights of neutrality, nnd elevate and
liberalize the intercourse of nations ; and
by such just and honorablo means, and such
only, whilst exalting the condition of the
Rcpubic to assure to it the legitimate influence
and the benign authority of a great exaiupie
amongst all the powers of Christen
doin
Under tho soleinpity of these convictions
the blessing of Almighty Qod is earnestly
invoked to attend upon your deliberations
and upon all tho counsels and acts of the
oovcrnmenL to the end that, with common
zeal and common effort*, wo may, in huinbU
submission to the Divine will, co operaU
for the promotion of the supremo good ol
these UniUd States.
Fraxklin Pikrce.
Washington, Dec. 4, 1854.
Statistic* of Muscular Poster.?Mar
lias the power of imitating every motion
but that of flight. To effect this he has
in maturity and health, 00 bones in lib
lioad, 80 in his thighs and legs, 62 in hu
arms and hands ami 67 in his trunk, lie
has also 444 muscles. His heart make
64 pulsations in a minute; and, therefore
3,740 in an hour, 02,160 in a day. There
are also three complete circulations of hi?
blood in the short space of an hour. In
respect to the comparative speed of animated
beings and of impelled bodies, i|
may be remarked that size and construetion
see an to bate little influence, nor hat
comparative strength, though one body
giving any quantity of motion to anothci
is said lo lose so much of hit own. The
sloth is by nib means a small animal, and
yet it tun travel only fifty paces a day; a
I Al I 1 l^ ZlC*
vr?wm uill J live Hicillf* III fill J
eeond*, bat a ladybird can fly twenty million
time* iu own length in lew than an
hour. An elk can run a mile and a hah
in seven minute*; an antelope a mile in a
minute; the wild mule of Tartary hae a
peed even greater than that; an eagle
can fly eighteen leagaes in an hour, a
Canary falcon can even reach 200 leaguer
hi the abort "pace of aixioen how*. A
Mpt wind travel* nixtv miliwin an hour;
jpnd, 1,142 Englieh feet in a ueoai
HoothCaromra Coixaoc.?At a meeting
of the Board of Triuteen, on Saturday
evening last, the reeigcuUoa of Preojdmt
THE LEDGE
-9" 1 f* ^ ? __iLANC
ASTERVILLE. S. C.
_\V?I)NESMY.1)EC. 13.1854.
Agents for the Lancaster LedgerNew
York V. B. Palmer.
Philadelphia E. VV. C<4t.
J Charleston W.u. Dewees East Bay
CurnJen Z. J. Dellav.
lerms oi the ledger.
One copy, one year ?2.00 |
Fivo copies (eneli ?1.75) 8.75 I
Ten do " ?1.50 15.00 j
Fifteen do " 1.38$ 20.00 i
Twenty do 44 1.25 25.00
Cash in advance always. No paper will
be stopped until paid for unless we choose to.
We have a fine assortment of Job 7'y/>o, and
are prepared to do snv kind of Job Work,
with neatness and despatch.
LAWS OF NEWSPAPERS.
1. Subscribers w ho do not giv? express
notice to the contrary, are considered as
wishing to continue their subscriptions.
2. if subscribers order the discontinuance
of their pnpers. the publisher can continue
to send them until nil arrearages are paid.
3. if subscribers neglect or refuse to take
their papers from the office to w hicli they
are directed, they are held responsible until
they settle their bill, mid order the paper
discontinued.
4. If any subscriber remove to another
place without informing the publisher, and
the paper is sent to the former direction,
they are held responsible.
6. The Courts l ave decided that refusing
to take a newspaper from the office, er removing
and leaving it uncalled for. is j/rirna
ftuca evidence of intentional fraud.
??fln consequence of the extreme length
of the President's Message, arid desirous
also that our readers irny get the latest news
from the legislature, we have withcld any
thing from our own pen.
New Advertisements.
We would csll attention to tho sale advertised
by tho ndministrntcrs of the Estate
of the Into Cnpt. Curvton. Wo have un.icrsiooa
tho negroes lo he uncommonly
1 likely, nnd every thing else to be deserving
of attention. '
See also the ad* crtisement of II. W.
Kinsman dt Co. This is decidedly the
bust house of the sort in Charleston,
p. Notice the sales advertised by the Commissioner.
Those lands should command
the notice of purchasers.
"Goods at cost" deserve notiee.
Xfgiolrttiiif.
Columbia, Monday, Dec. 4, 1854.
SENATE.
1 After the reading of the fonrnal of Sa.
turday,v several resolutions were offered of
I no general importance, when
Mr. M.isyck gave notice that lie would
' ' aak leave to-morrow, to introduce a bill to
provide for a Bank of Discount and Deposit,
| and to define the business, powers arid priv.
| i leges of Banks.
i j Mr. McAlilly, pursuant to notice and
' ' with leave of the Senate, introduced a bill
to amend the charter of the South Carolina
and Charlotte Railroad Company; which
received its fiyat roading and was committed
to the Committee on Incorporations.
Tlie report of the joint committee of the
' two Houses on attending the College comi
I inencemont was rend, agreed to,and sent to
> the Houne of Representatives.
!' Mr. Chesnut, pursuant to notice and w ith
1 leave of the Senate, Introduced a bill to
provide for tho elecli jn of Electors of Pres.
ident and Vies President of the U. States,
which received its first reading, and wiyi re1
ferred to the Commutes on the Judiciary.
The Chair announced, from the Presidea t
| of the College tbst the seats on the right
t hand of (lie centre aisle of the College Cha,
pel were reserved for the Si'nate.
i Mr. Tovrnsend moved that the Senate
i now suspend business in order to attend
i the College Commencement.
1 After the Senate had returned to tho 8en1
ate Chamber,
Mr. Witberspoon moved that when the
Senate adjourns, it stand adjourned to meet
iI to-morrow at 13 o'clock.
Mr. Drayton gave notice that ho would,
, to-morrow, with losve of the Senate, iotroi
duce a bill to extend to the judges in chambers
the power to appoint Commissioners
> to value lands lying on tho liue of Railroads.
Mr. Mojdccai gave notiee that he would,
, to-morrow, ask leave to introduce a Bill to
afford compens ation to physicians for post
mor em exa minations.
On motion of Mr. Witherapooo, tha Sen- ]
to adjourned.
Houes or RiPiiiiitatitii*
The House Ms*mbled at 9 a. m.
After ?length of time ft qoonuu wee #bUi.ted,
when the Clerk proceeded u> read
the journal of Oatordajr* which ?? appro v.
4 oC . ML.
The 8perdie? thee oaounccd that all too
toto with the exemption of three oe the
dQpliqM*, hud bffn t>y the Prreh
"U of tbw rtoolu ''aroUrm' Collrfjo to (he
,' eir?K-if of M.r r-ef^TnlAfdrs'.
w
A * >
' > 'M* ^ ^
_ jl"* ,..'^s',lMfcw; -k,1
Mr. W. D. PeSauMure printed the petition
of the Columbia Hotel Company praying
nn act of incorporation.
The hour having arrived assigned by the
House to Join in the procession to attend
the commencement exorcises, on motion of
Mr. Sullivan, the houso proceeded to join
the procession.
At 3$ o'clock, p. m. the Speaker took the
Chair, when Mr. Middleton, from the Committee
of Ways and Means inadu favorable
reports on the Bill to nmend the Charter of
the Bunk of the State of South Carolina ;
also, An the petition of tho City Council of
Charleston, praying an increase of an appropriation
for the support of the trnncient
poor of Charleston, and recommend that the
appropriation bo #7, 00 per annum.
Pursuant to notice Mi Cunningham introduce'
a I? II to authorise the United States
to purchase certain lands pertaining to tho
Suae for the erection of light houses.
Pursuant to notice, Mr. Simons introduced
a Bill to vest in the Commissioners of
Free Schools the vacant lands of this State,
and for other purposes; Referred.
Mr. Cunnin ;hain moved that the House
do now adjourn.
Mr BoyUton said that lie hoped the House
would not adjourn everyday immediately
alter the call of Charleston district.
Mr. Cunningham said if that was the construction
placed upon his motion, he would
withdraw it.
Mr. Middleton then moved that the House
do now adjourn.
Mr. J. B. Campbell proposed to debate
the question, hut was knocked down by the
Speakers gavel, and tho House refused to
adiourn.
Mr. M* Queen give notice that lie wauld
to-morrow introduce n Bill to ninend thu
License Laws of tlii* State.
Mr. Boylston gave notice that to-morrow
he would ask leave to introduce a Bill to
amend thu charter of the Charlotte and
South Carolina Rail Road Company.
Pursuant to notice Mr. It. P. Perry introduced
a hill to nutharizc the State to aid in
the construction of the Bine Ridge Railroad
Company, uUo introduced a resolution authorising
the Committee on thu Judiciary
to enquire into the expediency of establishing
County and or inferior Courts in this
State, Mid for the establishment of an additional
Court of Appeals.
A Bill to authorize tie State to aiJ in the
construction ot n Blank Bond from Conway
buro to Fair BlulT, North Carolina, was
read tho fust time the Committee of Ways
und Means.
Tt'KsDAV, Dee. 6
SENATE
Mr. J. I). Allen of Barnwell, introduced
his hill to niter tho timu of changing the
election of Senators and Representatives.
Mr. J. S. Johnson was declared elected Assessor.
A Dill loamend so Act ineoiporaling the
North-Eastern Railroad so ns to allow it
| the privilege to enter Charleston, passed a
second rending.
Bills to rc|>cnl the Usury Iawts, amend
the charter of the Merchants Bank of Cheraw,
and amend the charter of the Bank of
the State, passed a second reading.
Mr. James Chcsnnt, of Kershaw, reported
a Bill to amend the laws re ating to tho introduction
of Free Persons of color.
Thu Senate then adjourned.
HOUSE.
After the presentation of petitions, the
klli'i'i > 1 ur.i.iP rvr IKa <!.?? - * ? ? ?*
?.... VIMVI *?? MIV uuj raiir i t>|'? wncn
Mr. J. SV. Tuvkur of Spirtonhnrg, in Committee
of the Whole, spoke nt length in favor
of hi* Bill to improve the seltool system
of the State, and at the conclusion of hit
remark* the Committee roue, reported progress,
and naked to ait again on Monday
nest.
Various bills to incorporate different asnociations
H ere presented.
Mr. ?. T. Hammond of Lancaster, introduced
n bill giving the election of Governor
and Lieutenant Governor to tho people,
which was ref. rred.
The house then adjourned.
C'omjmbia, Dee. 6
SENATE.
Various petitions and memorials were presented.
Mr. McAlily.of Chester, presented s resolutian
asking the President of the Bank of
the State to inform the Legislature what
amonnta have been lost by the Directors in
the last four years.
Mr. M. H Corn, of St. Bartholomew's,
offered a resolution to adjourn on the Doth
instant
Mr T. P. Brock man. of Gieenville. reported
that Senator Butler's term would expire
next M trvh, and soggosted that it was necessary
that an eviction should take place to
fill the vacancy.
A Bill to divide Pendleton District into
two Election District* came up ss the special
order of the day, and finally passed by
35 yeas to 9 nays.
Mr. Allen introduced a Bill to provide for
the election of members to the legislature.
no oil i to amena an Acl tor the inapce*
tion of Flour, ?u passed.
I b? Senate then adjournad.
HOUSE.
Mr. W. O. IhsSHUMure, of Charleston
presented the petition af the Charleaton
Chamber of Commerce, praying the repeal
of the Usury laws
A majority of the Committee of Ways
nod Means, reported favorably on a Bill to
afford aid to the Blue Ridge Railroad Company.
Mr. A. H. Boy tin of Korahew, on
the bahalf of the minority, pr mooted an ad.
iorae report.
A Bill to repeal the Homestead low urns
rend a A ret time.
i. 8, O. Riehardaon, Esq., was re-rleeted
State Reporter.
8 M. Boy kin, Faq.,?n elected Surveyor
Oeneral. ^
Thti House then adjoerncd
Cet.i'M?is, Dee. f.
iHTUSTM.
frtm ?H<* 1-fcmsia, tot
* ' 4*
* w ^
adjdurn on 20th, wan ordered for considcration
to-morrow.
An adverse report waa presented on tho
bill to prevent citizens from voting more
thnn onco nt general elections.
An unfavorable report waa made rn the
bill to establish a Branch Bank of the State
at Sumterviile. The bill providing for a
change in the mode of the choosing electors,
w as made the special order for to-inorrow.
James Patterson wns elected Secretary * t
State.
Resolutions were adopted declaring
Messrs. R. W. tiibbes 6l Co., Printers ftr
thi? session, and Messrs. E. II. Britton &,
Co. for the next, and granting an extension
of sixty days to R. W. Gibbcs &. Co. to
finish their contract in consoqnenoe of the
loss they sustained by fire this morning.?'
It is due to Messrs. E. II. Britton & Co. to
say that on hearing of the disaster to the
property of Messrs. R. W. Gibbcs fit CV/
tlicy withdrew their bid for the public print'
nig this session.
The Committee on the Jud'ciury reported
adversely on a Rill to give the election
of Governor to the people.^
A Rill to provide for banks of discount
and deposit ? as taken up in Committee of
the Whole and discussed, and on motion of
Mr. Thompson the Committee rose and reported
against the Bill.
Mr. McQueen introduced a Bill to amend
the License Laws.
Mr. Bovlston introduced a Rill to provide
for the appointment of electors.
Mr. Henderson gave notice of a bill to
amend all rail toad charters so as to compel
the different companies to enclose their
respective lr. ckx.
The bid to allow the City of Charleston
to lax the real estate of the Banks in the
city passed a second rea ling.
The bill to divide l'ciulleton Distiivt into
two election districts was again taken up.?
A motion to mako it a special order for tomorrow
was lost. There was considerable
excitement, but eventual'y the bill passed
by a vote of DO yens to 15 nays.
The llouae then ndjourned.
Columbia, Dec. 8.
SENATE.
After the presentation of various petitions,
Mr Brockman reported a bill to provide
for the election of the Bo:ud of Regen'a.^
Mr. Chesnut reported a bill more effectually
to prevent the iutroduetion of free
negroes.
A bill to authorize the City Council of
Charlcdou to collect luxes on real estate
owned bx Banks, was ordered for a second
resiling to-morrow.
A b II to divide Peryilclon District into
two Election Districts, was finally passed by
33 yeaa to 8 nays.
Mr. Porter, from the committee of priviIvgen
ami elections, reported on the contested
seal froiu Prince Williams, that the seat
be vacated and a new election ordered.?
The report a as accepted, but afterwards rocouaidertd,
and made the special order for
Monday.
A bill to punish assaults committed with
coucualed u capons, passed a second reading.
A message was sent to lite House proposing
to go into an election for Governor
and laeu'enant Governor on Tuesday.
Various bills of minor importance passed
a second reading.
A bill to aipeud the law in relation to tho
Courts of Appeal, wna ordered for a second
reading la-morrow.
'i... ?j . .? ?
It iic tviii ui uivn wijiiurnvd.
HOUSE.
| Mr. Middleton reported unfavorably ou m
I bill to uRicud lli?i clurirr uf the Farmers and
Exchange Bank of Chsrlestou.
Mr. W. U. OwS.iuiMiiru rcp<>ited a bill to
arrange the Male uilo Judicial Circuits, and
provide for Uio election of a new I aw
Judge.
The House then went iuto Committee of
the Whole, and Mr. McCrady delivered a
speech,advocating hi* bill to provide for tnu
uloetion of eleetora hy the people.
Mr. lluunuond followed in favor of lire
bill, but opposed some of Mr. McCr?dy%e
views. The Committee then rose.
Mr. Cunningham introduced a resolution
in favor of the acquisition of Cuba.
Mr. '1 oouier gav" notice rf bill to amend
the Constitution,MO* to prevent Presidents
or Directors of Banks holding scats iu the
(Jeaersl Assembly. ' *
The House refused to n'greo to the message
from the Eenale to go into an eisetion
Tor Governor on Tuesday next, but selected ,
Monday, at noon, as Uie time ; and mewsage
to lb t elfect wse accordingly sent to
the Senate.
Tk. Il?.. ?1 J! *
. ,WV uvw uwn aujOUrRM.
COBfflHlOML
Wurimiw, Dec. 8.
la lb? Senate, Mr. Adame introduced *
bill to repeal the existing naturalization Uw?
and to establish a uniform rule on the cub*
ject
The Home refuted to lay on the table
the resolution of Mr. duller*, calling for informs
ion relative to the recent meeting of
the Atneriern Diplomatists at Oetead, and
the eebjeel wee referred te the Committee
on Foreign Allaire.
I The River and Harbor Dill wan taken ep
and n vote bad on its pannage, not withstand*
ing the I'reeMeot'e objection*. There vm
however, no I'oirlilMioaal Majority?the
vote l*-i.g M aye# to BO oaya.
WaamnoTon, Doe. 7.
The death of the He*. V. Being wan announced
in both !Jounce, the cuaiomarg
AMolntiona were pwuwd.and thejr adjourned
over ta Monday next. 4
ft gRMtttt OfiMgiiUwi itOtlialh?
A fro broke out two o'olook life
mermjj to tfc? Oror*?rv ?t*r? etf tit. Wptgfc.
r.H. ?- .? h " , ,1 ?
'' ' m'2