Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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? I ^ . / m4T--9 k * ^ # ?i "*??.? . 'm ? . * :J 5 1 f & v ?* % < * f*. r i v v#*v -'* 4 ?. V - *s 6 V I .? o? - " V - * ** > * . ^KMn i z \ * ? t jra^v ^ $2 PER ANNUM. * IN ADVANCE NEUTRAL IN POLITICS?DEVOTED TO LITERARY, COMMERCIAL, AGRICULTURAL, SCIENTIFIC, GENERAL AND LOCAL INTELLIGENCE. YOLPME III. LANCASTER, C. B., SOUTH CAROLINA. WEDNESDAY MORNING,JUNE 21.1854. NUMBER 19 amnmnm fllRT no I^ weinclined to aceeDlitnathelot.ieranliiitfliahniiin. TIwm nnnr W!?Si i n?? -? ? ?? T OCjUCjUI lflbEift. A LEIP FOR LIPB. DT WH.T.^AM HCRTOJf. After my discharge from the hospital at llavnni, I shipped in the American barque Independence, Captain Robert L , bound to Vnlparasio, and thence round the Horn to the wea'crn coast of North America.? She was a large VHWi, of some seven hundred tons register, with a handsome poop. , top gallant forecastle, and all othor points of a flash ship. The captain was a nntive of Jersv. and the crew were a mixture of Aincr can*, British nnd Spaniards, with n aprink ' ling of woolly-heads, or "anow bat la," m we called the negroes. * ~ We had not l?e?n a week out, ere very great dissatisfaction, prevailed am u g the r crew, for the captain, with unaceoutahlo perveraity, did not allow us ha'f erough jnnk ^ (i. i>. ultra betf) to our incala; and even what wc did g. t, wjh what sailors c.tll "ol I bone," viz., hard, tough, lean, stringy stu?", ^ devoid of nourishment. The usual ellov anco of jnnk on ship-hoard in one pound and ? half for each man per diem : but I mn sure wo did not get more than half that quantity The captain ua^d to come on d -ck every morning, and aUed by the stcwarl na he weighed out the junk from the ''h irtiess n cask," to aeo that we did not get an oun& U ? over what he had ordered. On the other hand, this captain nllowed na thrice na much grog aa i* usual.* But nnilors,although rery fond of rum, can't lire upon it; and three C quarters of a pound of "old horse," and a few rotten biscuit*,qnite alive with "weevila" was n poor day's allowance for a hearty fel- * * low. 1 " Our first mate often remonstrated with the edition on Ida conduct, nr.d plainly* told ' him that the ntefi would not long submit to ^ it; hnt tlie only reply the eapt tin made was to I ell hint to mind what he was about, or he 8 would 'l r-uk him and hue him up,"?mean ^ in.j that he would sen 1 the in itr forw r ! a ; r a common sailer, and work h'm b> dia'-h ? * At'icngth, after a long and fierce ?iscusat ?n * in the forecnstle, we all went nft one mor: - ^ iug in a Ixaly, and complained through the * carpenter, i s spokesman, that wc had not ' .rn<Mi,{ii in cm. v|?i;iin i.. ustieneo wunoni interruption, nnd then coolly turned round nnd s..i?l ? ' "Steward, go down in the cabin, nnd bring * tny pistols.** c Wo looked nt one ano'lier in alienee. In m ouple ??f minutes the steward return- " ,od with the pistols, ami, wi h a face us pn'e n a* death, handed them to the captain. The v 1, tier coolly placed hotli on full cock, nnd " laying thcui aide by aide o i the top of the ' binnacle, created hit artus, and glared round | at every *<?ul of ua ere he spoke. "Now, m?n,** cried he nt length, between , his teeth, "all I've got to any is, th it you are mistaken if you thin < you are going to get a the upper hand of me. 1 nm your captain, ' and the law gives inc power to do what 1 ' like. You did't ship to bully me. Go for- ' ward to your duty, nnJ the first man that ' hesitates, or gives mc any juw, I'll shoot him ? ns I would a pigenjj!" We tuiuhled to the foree;Uitlo in a bodv, ' and for hours after the captain walked the 1 big with hie achievement. I We hud light hiffl ing winds for mnny days " and the temper ol the captain grew perfectkf savage. By-and-bye came aoslm, nnd he r w.ts a complete m adman. He atortned and G swore from morning to night, nnd "liaved* c na all. from the cabin boy up to the mute a Our Allowance of meat wan worse than ever, nod he stopped fprog Altogether, nnd n* on half .ijlow.snso of wr.tef, nod ?r pretence that ho fearod to run short If the cnltn l?at??d ? fiot when a breeze sprang up ?t the expiration of four d?ya, our allowance remained the tame?half meat, half water, no grog! The tailor i grew half desperate, and cornea itoth loud and deep were bandied from qpnoth to mouth, anl indistinct mennee* '.mattered. Ry-md-bye it grew wliiapered in the ship that the eaptain h id a coupefe-eofei.', or aun atroko, b^Tere leaving fltvant, and that he ih id drank freely of bnndy ever since, and waa consequently re Ally insane to n certain ox tea L Tide would exphris hie eondoet ?1? . ^ Jfr This b a literal fret. The whims 6fers-ofAcers are often very Strang* lbdeed. I ones made n voyage In a flwedUh ship, and the captain being M4 up In the deekdMMM, almost In a dying state, the mate waa lord paramount.? lie was a gigantic Mow, and was always enm] peiaing that the men didn't earn ihdr salt; yet he treated them very wel, and gave them a liberal aBowsnee ed beef and poHt (both meet ea cmio*m in cpmavr.) MMi tap of grog. ji? < hhn*etf mrrmt wwMatitt 1 wmil ?Wi ' him In the eehhi Arty fee bmHj "JBP1^- MMi the only food he ?te ?w Ww*?-dlBBdi-fefe. < Thin ewn wrehl reed hie Ahwcdlah Mble hi ft' l |Mid moMtooooi role* fee en hour et ppeO* I end then bmk off to ?oj! ?m mo* h<htnm( < etoH>'?. ?* V tfc- : g proper solution ; but the captain had cert y never yet committed any net which \v< egnlly bo held proof of insanity; fo hat he did, although highly cruel and 'unnical, was within the bounds of that f rul amount of almost irresponsible po hat the law allows to sen captains. Wo had been three weeks out, win ,vns my morning watch * on deck. Six t seven o'clock) had just struck, and I ngaged coiling away the line of the vhich had been hove by order of tho ni ben in charge of the deck, when Cap !, unexpectedly came out of the< n. I noticed that he had a wild ncrv ook, for he glanced around and nloft, is a man might do when suddenly arm 'rorn n dream. ' What's the course ?** he abruptly den led of the tunn nt the wheel. "South cant by east, sir." The captain then stepped tip to the laele and looked at the compass. Turr onnd with an onlh. he struck the nu >low in the mouth that knocked him a' rom the wheel, :u d thundered? * Yon tako the spokes in hand! ' mow no more about steering than y nother !" (Such were the exact words, for I inctly remember them.) The poor fellow w ho w as one. of I he 1 lelmsmen in the ship took hold of the spe gain, tin* blood trickling down bis chin, fluttered? "I was steering to a hairVkbrcndlh." "What's that you say ?" 'I s ty I was steering ss well as any r onld, and you're a tyrart, c tun." m The captaiin's face grew black with | ion, and the light foam llcw from his 1 * he screamed? "Mr. Jackson, clap this fellow in iron* Vn, seize him up?make a ?prni?/-eagl lintt I'll teach liiin to too the inark !" The male. Jackson, in vuiu attempt. * uotlie the madman, w ho compelled his ieera to "seize up" the unfortunate sa lo bat i?. to Issh his wrists to the shrouds, v lis b: ck bare for punishment. This is i 11 makings "spread eagle."' I dare lilnto on the sick, ning scene th..t ? n*u hitlice it that the captain with his own h logged the ninn most brutally in preae ?f all hands, not a soul of dared to speal That night we all signed a "round io'i hat is, a paper staling a grievance, * r | ion, w ith the mures of the men w ritlen irelc, so thnt not ono can be pitched u s the ring-leader?addressed to tho e iiate, stating tint nil felt th it our Uiesw lot salf ill the hands of tho captain, n< cas obviously insane, nn.l requesting ante to take the command of the ship, dace the captain iu confinement. Wo i his to Mr. Jackson bv one of the 1m?\s. ii a quarter of an hour the mate c: tnc card. i>\|i.n " uiil Iik "do vah Lnovi- tvl.nl >rc about ? You are in open mutiny? ou know what the penalty for that i< 'or God' anke let tut have no morn of t Captain I#-? in captain, and hU wii :iw. We mint all submit to it. Wr o do my duty strictly, I should show t) minting to the round-robin, "to the capt >ut Pdon't want to m ike matters worst j?t us got *o port, and then complain as dease. But for your own sake*?nn I ny sake?don't mutiny. We all respected the mate, rnd his w node a greet impression. We consulted 'ether, snd the prudence of the m?jo wercaina the fierce Impulse of the b<^ ipirita. It was, however, tacitly underst hat if matters grew much worse, we wc iak the dreadful penalty of mutiny hy a ng the captain, for wc now considered ves undoubtedly insane, although the u ictcd rightly enough in holding aloof m-aent, as the eaptain had not yet ev d himself incapable of managing the sh Whether any whisper had leaked ou he ealdn, through the steward or offk [ cannot tell, but the ran tain nndotihU impeded what had paaeed. At noon teat day he came on deed, with a don barrelled gun in hi* hoada, and delibera oodod it with ball in onr preaenee. W la had done thia, he called all baada aft, >n language that sufficiently indicated, f ita wild incohorcncy, that h? wna undoub Iy inaane, he addressed the crew, winding with the word*? "You think to get the upper hand of to yen? Yoe will mutiny?yon will I the ahip away from m? t 1*11 make an imple^rjl show yon whom you htr ieei with 1 Mr. ieekaou, let thoae two be eeised up thia minute, for I'll mak ap tagle of em euro an I live." AaJk* inlm (he caatala nafcli it U of tiwewrwt mm?one fta AmorioBU, * Tb? "aioniing wWefc" b from faor a. i ?lgbt> a. a. Tb Snt uigfct ?nek b from < f. a. to twob# t. a. The mMdbtralebbl twelrr P. M. ko CrwtP k. a. "1Mb" ma * rrory half boar; (Imp, ?bn right belb a Uw wgtrk b out. lain* looked round at their rnesonates.und feeing juld how undecided all were, they suddenly turn- ] r nil ed and sprang into the tigging?running aloft , ty. for safety. I 'ear- The cnptain'e eyes gliired like n wild | wer beast's, nnd seizing his gun, he shouted? , "I-ny down this moment, both of ye, or I'll . ?n it fhoot ye !" , jells They saw the threatening movement, and ( was heard the command; but this only caused , log. them to run up tho rigging higher and high- , mte, or."1 Twico more tho c.iptnin .hailed them, | tain and then he raised his piece, and, quick as , rah- lightning, levelled nnd fired. A burst of ex- | oun ecration from us nil followed, for tho ball , just j had struck the Englishman, nnd broken his , iMed leg. He fell like a w ounded bird into the ( main-top, and screamed in agony. j jnn- "Oh, God! what have you done, Cnptniu I- r exclaimed the horror stricken < uiate. "You have committed murder!" bio- "No, I have not" answered tho captain- , ting "I ordered the fellow down, nnd if he won'j , ui n obey, it's mutiny, and the law will justify mc in killing him, or killing you either?so j what you say." # I. i'ou The mate turned aside, and when one of j J our the oldest seamen whispered iu his ear? "Say the word, sir,nnd we will clap the mad- | dis- man in irons." ho only shook his head, nnd ( buried his face in his hands. * , iwst Meanwhile the American, a fine young I ikes fellow, known by the mubriqitct of "Boston i and Bill," had ascended to the royal yard, nnd < Was lookinir down on to ?? .? course matters were taking. The enptnin I not satisfied with disabling one man, nt this i nrn moment pointed his gun nt him, and hoarse* t :ap- |y ordered liiiu on deek, threatening to shoot * him if he refused. j [>as- "Come down, man. for heaven's sake!" re- | ips, pouted the innte. > "He will flog me if I do, sir." i!? "Yes, I'll flog you, sure enough," yelled 1 e of the captain. i ."Then I will die before I como down!" i 1 to Without another word, the enptaio comof menecd taking a deliberate aim, and half a r? dozen roices shouted to the man whose life O'.h was in this fearful jeopard) ? rail- "Jump overboard, Bill, or you are n dead ' n<>l man! Jump for life!" 1 red * In an instant the sailor ran along the foof- ^ rope, and elung to ropal yard-arm-to lee- ^ "Ce ward. The alternative was indeed horrible. *' ? If he descended he would be floggtd?if he remained he would be shot?if he leaped overboard from that dreadful height he run a the risk of beinj dashed to pieces if he fell j'f'"j. sideways on the water, or of being snapped ' up by a shark or drow nod, let him fall whieh l way he would. The captain shifted his aim, ^ and hi* finger was on the trigger, j "Jump, Bill, jnnip!" screamed his mesr- 1 mates, and his resolution wus taken. He I would Imp fur life\ I < nd C I^.werirg himself from the yard-arm with his hmd* he pointed Ids feet downward, 1 arid clove the air with the velocity ot a can- ' ^ nan-ball. A second or two, and he had dis- ' appeared in the curling green sea. his. ' P?"* "P <'xt'*t<'ment ?>f 'be crew found II js vent at this moment. One prrty rushed on ^ | the enptnin, and disarmed and bound him, lis" w''ile 'ho r?at put the helm down and threw tin- S'?P t',e motion of the ahip, 3 and sprang to the falls of the quarter-boat ' you tw 'owor oway to pick up the American, for "''fluid ''c "** 1? "urfnec. A breathless pause of very nonily a minute j (r(j4 ensued, and then we beheld the head of the I lf sailor emerge at the dUtanee of a hundred rily yards; and being a cipitd water dog, he l(|er struck out boldl for the ship, and amide ood 'ol"* bun* *'* pkked up. His "leap f? r >u'd bad been successful. eu- The other fellow w ho was shot aloft wrie , he lowered on deck in it sling. He wna tnoie nate injured by the fall than in hia leg, and died ' ftt the aauie night in extreme agony. Ine- The m ite now consented to take command iip. of the ahip, and CapUin 1/ was eloaeit in ly confined till we came to port. By th:>t we, time he was raving mnd, and he died within | idly three days after being conveyed to a hoepit| ? Ul ashore. te|y Joe, when you jrow up, do you mean j,( ? to be a lawyer, or keep a confectionery 1 storef lrojB ,4I Savn't rna.le up my mind, Tom, but ^ ma wants me to be a minister." I "Oh don't be a minister, Joe, for yon | f "P can't go to circuaea then." , "I know that, Tom, but a minister, ma | me, saya, is the beat profraaion. You know , Uke bow Mrs. Lonegrew adores Mr. Pretty face, ( n. and shouldn't you like to be adored, ' 9to Tom." 1 "Perhaps I should, but then ran can't B>*" drive fact hofaee.1* r "Oh, ye? you can, nt in inter* drive fiwt bone? now-? d*y?: and beside? that Tom, t?r* when they ham * bilious attack lb? worth* abipfxr? send them oa a foreign tear; th?y get? remembered in will? too, and often a. ha? nraaeot?, and ma aapt it won't bo right long nclueo every minister has bi? oountry bom neat, and a oollegiato to write bis sermon?, reek Won'' that b? bighr Kb? ' Tom acqnimeod, and then Um juvenile? indulged hi another game of marble?.1* cijijuu aiuwbu nuuseu, Bill I'ipkin hnd'nt boon married very long; hnd'nt got out of the habit of taking i little punch nt drinking frolics with his friends on particular occasions. He was first-rntc nt making excuses for staying out til night now and then; he was terribly pressed with business, and as he took care never to go home cross-legged, his wife lever suspected anything, and all went on rery well. One night, however, Bill got rather more than he could carry straight, but he did'nt find it rut until he was ot, his way home, lie wouldn't have Susan knowlie was in such a situation for the world, tnd he began thinking, as well na he could with his head spining round so, w hat was the best to be done to keep her from find- 1 ng hitn out. " I lie?I've got it 'racily," said he?(hlc)* 3u-Susan knows I'm (hie) terribly f-fond of o-milk. Well I'll jest take a big drink ;hic) that'll fix all right?so (hie) sh-she'll icver suspect nothing, poor girl." Home he went, practising straight walkng on the way, and studying how he should i ialk straight, so that Susan would not find lim out. When he found the latch, which was on^ ;ho wrong side of the door, which open-?4 .tic wrong way too, he felt around in the lark for more doors than were ever in the louse before, and into ever-so-many shaped room's till he found the pantry, where he xpceted to find some milk. Had no very dear idea a* to where it ought to be ; so after feeling about in overy jilnce but t|ic right one, he came to the conclusion to go to his room and ask his wife where it was The stair* seemed to be turned upside dow n ind the bed room changed places with the titchen, but he made out at last to fiqd the *oom. After cleaning his throat, and saying over Ilia speech so that he could not make any mistake, he npe'ie I the door and leaning itg dnst the door post, listened. t<> hear IF M*wife was awake. She was sound 44 All the better for that," thought \\$? 44 Susan ! Susun !" very low and plain. * EhP said Susan just waking out of a loze. " Is that you come home, my dear, ?o late r 1 Susan ! Susan !" said Dill, not payings iny attention to what she said?his head [>eing full of the milk ; 44 Susan ?" 44 What, my dear?" 44 Is there any milk in the house!" "Yes,dear?but what in the world?" " Susan ! Susan !" 44 What, dear !" 41 Where is the milk ? 44 In the pantry in the dining-room, dear but you had better come to bed now, it's Bill did'nt say a word but took some tor rihle long steps in the dark. He found tho Jining-room again and tho pantry, hut he ;ou!d'nt find the milk anywhere. Afler j trying five minutes he went up stair* and leaning against the door to steady himself tsked his wife again? 44 Susan! Susan 1" said he, very emphatically. ?Eh?what" said she, waking up again. 44 Is there any milk in the house!" 441 told you there was some milk in the pantry, dear? ** Down went Bill agiin. This time he felt everywhere and upset every thing, making a terrible rocket nmong tho crockery ; but not a drop of milk to be found. 44 Confound the milk," said he, "where tou'd they have put it." In a minute he was at ti e bed-room door igain. 44 Susan! Susan !" said he. Suaan snuff d the snore short off in the middle. 4 What P said she, rather cross this time. M Is there ?ny milk ?n house P 44 Yes, I told you P "Well, where is itP "I told you on the shelf?in the pantry ?in the dining room," said Suaan, breaking it off in short mouthful*. That rather scared Bill antf put Mm off his ffnird M Well, Susan," ui<l, ha, it it tied up in anything or it it tai/in' about loote This was enough?Hie eat was out of the bag, and no help for it. Mrs. Pipkin was bright awake in a minute, and the way Bill got a eandle " that night, was enough to eber the drunkeoeat husband in creation. He ipver got corned again?and it wee more than n year afterwards before be could drink milk in his coffee, when Suaao was at the table A women in slteo-pting to conjugate % certs said : "1 will marry, thou wilt marry , be will merry, you wi'll marry, and we'il ell feed the bebiee togetherd." "Look there P exclaimed a returned Irish soldier to s gaping crowd ss be ss. hi la ted with some pride, his tell hat with ft builet-hoto in It. ?L?ok atthal boia, IT I you f You ? * thai if it bad baa* ? low crwooad bat I have baao kit lad ouUtgbL Poar aad moU alia Hah * w * netiKA?KA ANL> KANSAS. SPEECH OF ~?. W. BOYCE. Of Sonth Carolina. Iti (hr ffotisr of Representative.*, May 20, '54. The House being in the Committee of the Whole on the state of the Union? Mr. BOYCE said: Mr. Chairman : I propose to make some remarks on the Kansas and Nebraska bill. The important feature of this bill is a repeal of the Missouri restriction. I approve of this repeal, for I consider this restriction unconstitutional and unjust. The authority thus to restrict slavery is attempted to be derived front two sources : First, under the clause authorizing Congress " to dispose of and make all neodful rules and regulations respecting the territory, or other property belonging to the United States and, second, as an incident to the tro ity making |K>\ver. In reference to the first source, I insist with entire confidence that the clause is not in the slightest degree altered by the insertion of the ward territory and, and that the power conferred would be precisely the same if the words "territory and other" were stricken out, and the clause made to read thus: The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting, the property belonging to the United States ; property being a comprehensive won! which embraces "territory*' as one of its species. That I am correct in this construction is apparent in the clanse ifsolf, which says. " territory or otiter property," evidently treating territory as one kind of property. To make the matter still plainer, suppose tho clause were: "The Congress sh ill have power to dispose of, and make all needful rules and regulations, riiurti'otInrr tKo l??#?#* ? ? - . v-j-voui|ra ui ?? ? f guntv cauiiuiin. nnd other property belonging to the United States. Would the insertion of the words " alii ps-of-war, guns, cannons," give any more authority than the single word property T Certainly not. If I am right in this construction, it follows that the onlyauthorty conferred upon Congress by this clause over the territory, is in their character of ownership, nnd with reference to it as property. In other words, the power of Congress over the territory under this clause is a property power, tho same power which every individual has over his own estate? simply this, nnd no more. Now, what is the extent of this power of ownership T Tho answer to this question is at once suggested by considering the nature of property. Property h:i3 but two characteristics?to be used, and to be disposed of. The owner of property can do hut two things with his property?use it, or dispose of it. Congress, frcin the very words of the Constitution, nnd the very nature of things, can only exercise one right that of disposing of the territory. The whole power of Congress over the territory " hath this extent, no more." Congress has the power to dispose of the territory, and to make nil needful rules and regulations to effect this purpose. Those who claim that this clause authorizes the prohibition of slavery in the territories, must show that such prohibition is a necessary means to the disposing of the territory; but I apprehend no one would attempt so absurd a t ask Indeed the contrary is evident from the slightest reflection; for Congress, though owner of the territory, is only so an trustee for the States; and in disposing, or, which is the same thing.seiling the territory, is bound, by every conceivable trust, obligation to thus dispose of or sell to the best advantige, which implies any thing elae but restricting the snle of the territory to those who are not slave holders, but looks to the largest competition of settlers, whether from the North or the South. ! think this portion of the argument is sufficiently clear alro idy ; hut, while upon | this point, it may not be inappropriate to show that the eongtitntion itself distinguishI etween this property power over the territory to which I have been alluding, and a more comprehensive governmental power; for in another clause of the Constitiution, a governmental power, under the terms " exclusive legislation," is conferred upon Congress "over the seat of the Govern men , forts, arsons'*," Ac, the framers of the Constitution thus showing their conception of the difference in the nature of the powers conferred by the two sections. When they speak in regard to territory, they use very guarded language; when they provide for the Mat of Government, they use the strong terms " exclusive legislation.** 1 will now proceed to the other source, from which the power to prohibit slavery in the Territories is derived, as an incident to the treaty-making power. Assuming our right to acquire territory, it U insisted the right to govern U follows ss a necessary ooooqusnce. Admitting ws have the right to govern the Territory,is this sn unlimited power of government or nott Undoubtedly there ere express limitations sod implied ones. The territory of IjOuMmm was eedsd to the United riutea. Whs* are the United i - Suites ? A union of several States. Tac equality of the Suites is the foundation ot the Union; the (iovernraent rests on this theory. The Federal Ciovernment as the agent of the Stntes in go^rning the Territories, is hound to regard this principle of equality; it is, therefore, in violation of the fixed principle of equality ; it cannot disregard it without a gross violation of its interests. The prohibition of slavery does violutc this principle of equality; it is therefore in violation of the implied limitations on the governmenUd power of Congress over the territories. Again.it is a received maxim in the law, that you cannot do that indirectly which you caunot do directly. You caanot expressly prohibit the citizana of the southcru States from emigrating to the territorie? If you prohibit them from taking thcii slaves with them, you practically exclude them; therefore you cannot prohibit them from taking their slaves with them. When we consider -that the Constitution recogn ized slavery in its most extreme form, the importation of slaves; that it required fugitive slaves to be delivered up! That it admits this institution as an clement of representation, is it not a monstrous assumption of power, for Congress, the mere creature of the SUites, to undertake to stigmatise this institution, and put it under the ban in the Territories, and all under an implied power derived from a principal power itself of doubtful validity! It is clear, 1 think, that the power U> prohibit slavery in the Territories cannot be derived frotn the power to acquire territory. There is one view of this subject which arises out of the treaty acquiring this Kansas and Nebraska Territory, to which it may not be amiss to allude. According to the treaty "the inhabitants of the ceded territory shall be protected in the free enjoyment <f their property." Now, is it not clear that any inhabitants of Louisiana, living at the time of the treaty, and now living would have the right to Like their slaves yito Kaniwy? or Ncbraska<4o tho same extent now as at the ratification of the treaty? -If so, titer the Missouri restriction is in violation of tlu treaty? If so, then the Missouri restriction is in violation of the treaty as to them, and void. But the Constitution provides that Hhe citizens of each Slate shall be entitled to all privileges of the several States." Il therefore any citizen of Louisiana have :i right to go into these territories with theii slaves, the citizens of eveay other State havt the saute right. I pass on to consider this Missouri restriction by the test of that groat principle of justice, which, above all things else should characterise the Federal Government in :b a action towards the States. The argument on this point will bo brief; for the teaching of Justice isr.ottobo worked out by a rigid logic ; it is a light froni above which flashes upon the truthful soul. How did we ac quire this territory ! By purch ise. When did the money come from ? From the Souil and the North. What is the irresistabh conclusion? That the territory so acquired should be administered by the Federal Gov ernment for the mutual benefit of both North nnd South. This exclusion of slavery is a practical sequestration of it for the exctu sive benefit of the North. Is this justice ! it is a perversion of terms to speak of such action and justice in the same breath. Il is the justice the wolf extends to the lamb the justice unrelenting power extends to its defenceless victim. It is wonderfully like the justice arrogant Rome granted to ox hauatcd Carthage, forbidding her to touch Suguntum or pass the Ibcr. It is an cstab balled principle of the Equity jurisprudence thcgmost beautiful system of morality extant out of the Bible, that if A purchase land with ths money of B, there is a result lag trust t ist A shall hold the land for the benefit of B. Should not this persuasive morality apply to tho Federal Government in reference to the purch ase of thsse tsrrito ries? Government in its most sublimt aspect is bat the highest in inifest ition ..t i* ?? a ??? iiuiii<*u junwvo ia t *-"? n ^itinu vuijvjbjj Uon of n greit king which induced tho sentiment, that if joitiee Were banished from all the rest of tho enrlli, it should at last find refuge in tho breast of kings. lioo much more appropriate lh.it this sole rue?, ing place of justice should bo in thi council of the gre.it R. <pubtie. The Missouri restriction, being liable t< muh vit.il objections, should be repealed But its rcpe.il is resisted by a large portior of the North on various grounds; principal ly on the ground that it is a violation o good faith. This assumes that the Missou ri reatriction was a compact, which I csnno1 udmit. Rut granting, for the sake of the ar gument, thnt it was s compact, its violation) by the North in reference to Oregon and th< Mexican acquisitions absolve the Soutl from obligation. But, by vary spec! I pies ding, H is eon tends 1 that K referred only t the Louisiana Territory. Bet if there wa any principle hi it, it applied to aU territory otherwise why waa it applied to Texas ind ao applied as a principle T But admit liner U W MMmIb (a Ke asass If J to iki ?? ?-v*/ ? w w i,r I LoniaUo t Ter-itory, there are tSe .ironies ' grounds for insisting that it included Oregon ns a |>art of Louisiana. Tlie United States constantly claimed Oregon as a part of Louisiana from 1803 up to 1819, w hen Florida was purchased, after which wc claimed additionally u der the Spanish title. In 1805; under the Louisiana title, Lew is and Clarke were sent upon their expedition to the Columbia river. In 1814, under the treaty with England providing for the restitution of ' conquered places, Astoria was surrendered ' to the United States. The convention for the mutual occupation of Oregon, in 1818 ? between this Government and England, made while Mr. John Quincy Adams was Secretary of State, went upon the assertions of our title under France. It is true we nl> so insisted on contiguity of territory and ' discovery ; but the only paper title we had , ' up to 1819, was under the French treaty. Our title to Oregon, as a part of Louisiana, was sustained by the first statesmen in the i country, by Calhoun, Clay, Buchanan, nni , others. I insist, therefore, that Oregon was a part of Louisiana. At any r. to, this Government, by its declarations and acts, is estopped from denying it. I submit, therefore, that the repudiation of the Missouri line in regard to Oregon put an end to any compact, if one ever existed. 1 here is nothing in this idea of violated faith. The objection to the repeal of the Missouri restriction lies deeper than this. I It oriirinates from thn slrnncr anti-alavaro feeling of a large portion of the North. This anti-slavery feeling is the master.passion of the northern heart. Its intensity is npp.rent from considering its nature and incentives. Its basis is a conscientious antagonism to slavery. A conscientious belief, however erroneous, when it acquires entire possession of a single mind, absorbs every other feeling. When it possesses entire communities, it becomes a real madness. These moral manias are social tornadoes which sweep over the surface of society at intervals in history. The followers of Mak hornet devastated th$ eastern world under i such an impulsion.* Th^ crusades were an; other instance of this moral madness. The i thirty years' war, which made Germany I bleed at every pore, was another sad instance. History is full of them ; they are the melancholy blot and blur of many a r page.. They are the only passions which i admit of no settlement. They must run r their course ; it is the law of their being. To reason with them is idle, because they arc founded on some higher law than reason?a belief, a sentiment, a peremptory ab straetion. This anti-slavery feeling of the North rests, then, first, on a moral fannti, cism the most powerful and most dangerous of all the social elements. Besides this, < it is impelled by two strong additional motives?the love of power and of place. It is k natru il for man to want power. Each in,11' iduol desires it for himself, or his com? munity, or his State, or his section. This ? feeling is the prolific cause of personal and . national struggles. In a vast Confederacy | like ours, there are practical ndvantagos in controlling the Government, and moulding i its legislation to promote special interest, i Mankind have never been scrupulous in thus grasping at power, and turning it to their own advantage. The magnitude of i the object obliterates all sense of injustice. , Upon the admission of .Missouri, this teel; ing was first strongly developed. The North i were apprehensive they would lose the pre, ponJerance of power, and hence the oppo. sition to her admission. This idea was i openly avowed by Rufus King, Otis, Tuy. lor, i'lumer, Cook, Holmes, all northern , representatives. This foeiiug still operates with increased intensity, i In addition to this sectional power feeling, the anli-slavory agitation is urged on by aspiring politicians There is no mode ! by which uinbition can more readily climb upwards, than by connecting itself with a popular idea. This popular idea has been > presented to ambitious men at the North in this snti slavery feeling. It is not strange that many of them have availed themselves of it. We have thus the North impelled forward by the strongest possible motive* to 1 human action, fanaticism, love of aeetionnl ' p >wer, and pert mat ambition. It i* only from such strong inotjve* thin idea could have to fully poatoteed the northern mind ?a mind signally prudent, reflective, and , sagacious. Nothing could morn strongly illustrate the intensity of thi* pastion, than , the excitement at the North in reference to the bill now before us. One who vaa not ^ f i (formed upon the subject would suppose , there was some remarkable concession |q l the South in thit bill. la it eo? I/et ua - ** ' Mm ? This bill repcale tho Missouri reatriotlon, l but rcvivea no local law protecting slavery, a The effect is simply to remit the South to i. their ?n Itw I'errttofjr nnder U>? U?nr> stitatlon. AH that the Mil d.?en te to m.iko ? tlM Constitution operative in the Territory! * f And UiU slightest conceivable net of niiaplo I, jn?t?rf ban njfit itod pnblie s>nt<m;nt at the ? North to it* deepest depth?. ? Thin nr.tWnfery feeling U tf?? evil got o|os of the Republic Muikiud are *e?fr