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CmumuniratuiuQ. . [For the Ledger. Mr. Editor:?In submitting mv views upoif the Presidential Election to "Many Voters" of the District, through the columns of your valuable paj>er, I promised to lay before them at another time, my views upon the Bank,and the Free School system, as it now operates in this State. You will, therefore, be so good, sir, as to give this article a placein your noxt paper. The act of 1812, establishing a Bank, on behalf of and for the benefit of the State, and the act of 1833, renewing the charter of the same, equally establish the fact that the j>eople of this State are i? C if.. * I > 1_ 1 in nivor 01 uie uiwm ui ouuk arm oiaie. Tlioso act?, as Well as tlie several acts in relation to tlie Banlc, not only furnish the most conclusive proof, that tho people of tho State approve of the connection which has thus been established betwixt the Bank and the State, but they even render such a connection the settled policy of the State. The connection, however, which has thus been brought about betwixt the Bank and the State, and which has existed ever since 1812, to the present time, a period of forty years, is not indissoluble, but dependent upon the charter, which established it, and which will expire in 1856, and effectually sever all connection in future betwixt the Bank and the State, un4 K i : * less the charter be renewed. The question then naturally arises, shall we renew the charter of the Bank of the State of South Carolina and preserve the settled policy of the State, or shall we dissolve all conucetion in future betwixt the Bank and the State, by refusing to renew the charter? n eiccieu 10 serve you in tne next legislature, and this question conies tip, I shall most certainly vote for re-chartering the Hank of the State, and for the following reasons: 1st. Because the Hank is an existing institution, and ought, therefore, to be continued, until some sulhcient reason is shown why it should not be, 2nd, Because no such reason has yet been shown, as would justify its destruction. Complaints have been made, against the Bank ; but these complaints do not, to iny luiud, justify such a course. Nothing short of necessity Could atone for such a step. To repeal an act, is just as much an act of legislature, as to pass an act, and the same necessity should exist in both cases. But the Bank is the fiscal agent of the State?the depository of the public money?and for this reason its officers are accountable Tor the manner in which tire Bank is managed. Complaint is sufficient to justify suspicion, and whenever general suspicion exists against the man ngcment of the Bank, the people have the right to demand an investigation, and if need l>e, they have even the right to abolish the institution itself. To deny the people this right, would be equivalent to denying the right of repeal. Yet no one I presume will be so foolish as to deny that the same public opinion which passes an act, has not also the power to repeal, alter, or amend it. Much of the complaint against the Bank is owing, I believe, to the very injudicious course which some of its friends have taken, in order to defend it. Not a few of its friends both regard, and treat, as enemies,all those who desire a free investigation and thorough examination of the Bank, and who believe it to be absolutely necessary in order to secure the rights of the people, and to protect and preserve the Bank itself, that a thorough nunderstanding should be had, and that the l>eople'8 right* as well as the people's money should be protected and guarded. So far, has this measure of defence been carried, that a man rune the risk really, of being ostracized,if he dare to raise a warning voice to the people, of the dangerous abuses of the institution. Accustom yourselves to look upon the Hank from the very nature of its connection aa liable to abuse, and the agents to go astray, and the rights of the people will be more hkely ' to be protected, and the Bank itself to give satisfaction. Every effort on the part of the Bank to elude scrutiny, only awakens fresh suspicions against it. The uext subject upon which my views are asked is the Free School system as it now operate# in this State. This system was originally intended to aid and assist the people of the State in the great work of education. But as it called for taxation as a means to an end, many were not alow to attach more importance to the means by which the work was to be accomplished, than to tha work itself. This leads roe to smpeot the* iatiia r?r> rh.nK* nuvii^ uunuie to perceive, bow, or in what mom, the education of the people, could b? coneidered at all, a legitimate subject for legielation. As legislature is the highest act of sovereignty, "which one man it capable of exercising over another, they could not perceive the importance of education, aa finishing a necessity for the appropriation. That the sum of ?7,06f> dollars should be fldsed by taxation annually for this purpose, seemed to the minds of such men, an act of monstrous tyranny. Accordingly, Itlievboiran to uuarrel over tlia money, and ) liner* tfie operation of the yBtcrt,,by making h'idtish application of the fund. The parishioner complained that he was taxed equally, to raise the fund, and that he ought therefore, to receive back, his proportionate amount of the fund, not according to the object of the fund, but acoording to the principle of taxation. Such complaints induced the legislature to establish representation in the House of Representatives as the basis of distribution of the fund, allowing to each member of the House ^300, as the proportionate part of the fund, to which his section was entitled. This effectually placed the system under the control of the I >istriets and Parishes, instead of tha State. 11 thus became a mere District, or Parish institution. That the Legislature had the power, to establish such a basis of distribution, can not be denied, but that she infringed the spirit and meaning of the Constitution, in the exereiso of the power, is equally clear to my mind. The Constitution provides, that |" no money sliull he drawn from the pubH<* tr^flSUPV. llllt l?U flirt lnnrlulol'iun nnfltA* j, J CUbUW I ity of the State." The plain, obvious purpose of this clause of the Constitution, is to establish the right of the State to all monies paid into the government by means of Uucatiofn. Taxation being the price paid by each individual to the government, for the protection it offers to his life, limb, and property?protection stands as an equivalent to taxation. The individual, therefore, has no right of property whatever, in the money which, he pays to ihe support of government, after he pays it into the hands of the Tax-collector, who returns it ovei to the State. It then becomes the exclusi^tf property of the State. If this bo true, what right had the parishioner to complain and insist that he was entitled to such a portion of the Free School Fund, as was equivalent to the amount his particular parish paid into the treasury for educational purposes ? Surely he had no right to complain. ti.? ?:?> i * - -- ' -? aiiv jikjucj litincu uy si uix ior iuis purpose, became as exclusively the property of the State, as if it had been raised for any other purpose whatsoever. The Legislature, therefore, infringed the spirit of the Constitution, when she established the present basis of distribution, simply, because she had the power, to establish what busis she pleased, by refusing to obey the injunction?render to C;esar the things that are Caesar's. The Legislature should have regarded the Free School Fund as the exclusive property of the State, and should have distributed it among the several Districts, and Parishes in the State, according to the number of poor and indigent children in each, who alone are properly, the subjects of the Fund. The importance of education, as well as the great want of it in the State, loudly calls for a change of the system in this respeet. Feeling deeply, the importance of the subject, our State was induced to adopt the present Free School system, with the hope of disseminating the means of education. The people, however, in the upper Districts of the Suite, have reaped but little benefit from it; owing to radical defects in the system itself, which, I have endeavored very briefly but clearly, to point out. In view, then, of the importance of the subject, and the wants ol the people of the State in this respect, it is to be hoped that the Legislature will eventually, so alter the present system as to allay just complaint, and render satisfaction to all. In thus replying to your call, fellow cit zens, I have endeavored to lay before you my views upon the several important subject", upon which, you asked my opinions, with a cAndor and frankness becoming my present position before you. May you receive them kindly and find them satisfactory. With sentiments of the profoundest respect, I am M. P. CRAWFORD. Correspondence of the Ledger. Chester District, Aug. 21st, 1853. Friend Bailey :?It is a wet day ; all morning the-wind stood to the West, occasionally a bright streak would appear, giving promise of fair weather, but directly would it again be overspread by a cloud, and the hoiivv rlrAr?. ...S_ ?- " ; vi uiii cununue to palter all day long! While with aching head and spirits depressed, I feel at a loss what to do with myself to drive away ennoi and scare off th>- " blue*." I have concluded to concoct a short speech, for the special benefit of onr Candidates, who wish to stump it a little pjevious to their going into the regular war of words, in which they expect to engage when clothed with the power of the people and wrangling for thefo right* in the hail* of legislation! SPEECH. Fellow Citizen*, Friends and Neighbors.? I appear before yon this day with a palpitating heart, and a miad Ailed with anxiety. Apprehensive that I may say something that might loae ma a vote, and at the same time studious to appear as If I were disinterested in the result of the coming eleetion. Bat, gentlemen, if I could persuade rnyI self that you would bear with me while I told yon a few aelf-evident truths, I would at the ontaet frankly own, that aelf aggrandisement?the poeseaaiop of a little brief authority?the having my aamo bias sued forth aa a member of the legislature, and printed in the newspapers at the pnhiie expense, and in after time# to hear my children aay that sneh and serh a thing occurred that year* Aii&mm m ( Pa wta a member oftho Lcgislature. These considerations, inv fellow citizens, I inus own, jire the moving causes which hnv< brought me prostrate, I might say almost or my knees, to beg buy or steal a vote, fron the poorest wretch in the District. But enough of myself and my motives And now, gentlemen, let us examine wha important matter we shall first discuss, foi we all know that secession is dead anu gone and his first-born Co-operation, for want o the waters of discord in the State, has pass ed from lite unto death. Poor lad, ho die* young, and like all the species of the mal* kind, was not endowed with the power o procreation, being the offspring of two dia tinct animals, his dam being ultra Unionism and sire the celebrated nag Secession. AloilA Ua dinH DAMP IVAPlKlocu nlf While his physicians crieil good healtl By breathing much he breathless lies, And low in scorn the scorner dies. And now my dear constituency, what shal I next say? Will I tell you of tha votes intend to give, when pla ed in the House o Representatives i | The Bank question, the election c President, and of Governor, the org; nizntio anew of our State Constitution, may al come up before the next legislature. Bu who will bring them ? For wo all kno\ > that few if any hills have ever originate; from the Representatives of this District,an although I am not at any loss for vanity heri among you, yet when I meet with the con gregated wisdom of the State, (though dont like to acknowledge it,) yet I must sa that it is then I feel my own littleness, an may (like some of my predecessors) ho cor ' venicntly out, not knowing how to vot 1 were 1 in, when the speaker puts th /?... ?i.:- i :? ?.i ? \|uvoiiuiij^uui< him * a.iy in uunnuviivu don't want any of my rival candidates t i know that we are so much alike.) . Fellow Citizens and Friends : I will denl candidly with you, I want yni suffrages, and I expect to got thein. But ' any of you think that I am to he forever yoi debtor for the vote you give ine, let me pi yon right on tiiat matter. That forever lasl 1 just so long as I am a candidate and no loni er ! The cordial shaking of the hand?th exhilerating segar?or the more exeitin horn, is nn longer to be expected from me and when I forget your names, and lose re< olection of having ever seen you befon don't fancy I am doing or have done you an injury or injustice. These were mere it conveniences I had to endure for thu sake < your vote, should I have the fortune to Ij elected we quit even ; should I lose my ele< tion, (which I do not expect,) the balance i in your favor. OLI) CHESTER. For the Ledger. Mr. Editor:?As your valuable p.ipt seems to be the source a great many has t: ken to express their views, ami pulTlhc proi pects of the growing crops, by your pc mission, 1 will publish ' ho performance of Threshing Mac! ine, which I tl ink will be < considerable importance to the planters < Ijincaster District. The facts are these. A few of my neighbors fiuding that I ha purchased a new Threshing Machine froi Mr. James T. Wade, Jr.* brought in the wheat,.and it was threshed in such a slioi time, and the grain so thoroughly separate from the straw, that all present came to th conclusion th .t it excelled anything of tli kind they had seen. I was, therefore, unx ous to try how much could be thrashed in given time, having no other grain but m seed oats to thresh out. I commenced o about three loads in the sheaf, and in tw hours and thirty-five minutes, threshed 01 sixty-nine and n half bushels, which wa cleaned and measured in the presence of th Overseer, (Mr. Sims,) and there was at lea.< 12 or 15 minutes lost by the large band la ing too slack, and falling off within the tim 1 At the same rate, the machine would thres about 360 bushels from sun rise till sun se Please give this a place in your paper, b so doing yon may perhaps bestow a grei favor on the farmers of Lancaster Distric JA8. D. McILWAIN. ICiinriTntrr TriWr Lnuraitervlllf, 8. C. wednesdayT^ept. i. m w antedim m e i) ia t e l y. A lad About 15 years of a go, as an aj prentice to tbc Printing business. Aj?p! at this office. To the Hon. VV. F. Dessau sure ar we indebted for Congressional favors. tw Our esteemed friend A. C. Dunl?| Esq., will accept our thanks for late Nei York papers. Owing to the ncoessary absence c one of our hands during the week, and th sickness of another, we have not been abl to give as much reading matter this wee ss we would deeire. We have, however, er gaged another printer, and all things wi Those person# who hare kindly furni#he u# with job work, arc informed that thei job# will be executed very shortly, now tha every thing is in fall blast with us. Rain, Bain I For several days last week we had a eon tinuation of heavy washing r*tas,which hav proved of injury to Cotton. We regret to learn that in consequence o so much rain, a large quantity of Com ha been destroyed* the stajka being so proetral ed, that the ears will have rotted be for harvesting. T?Wa Das4{ <p-?v >WM?UMH flWUW. The Poet Maeter at thia place feqtfeete w to aajr, that mo transient paper will be mm from thia oAee, onhma prt.pau*. Thia rata he iaya, will not be departed from In an] \ Hiwimniii i ? > Parties?Slavery?The Presidency, &c. t f- 1 ' v ' ' * 5 Tho old Party line dividing ono school of 1 politicians from another?the Whigs and 1 Democrats?is at this time nearly obliterated. Retaining the distinguishing appellation, but exercising different functions, controlled by 1 various and varying interests, the two pnrr ties in name only, continue to shape and carry out their peculiar designs and purposes. ^ At one time the Whigs of the United States composed thal'class of the people,who placed all power in the federal government, all niat? tors requiring adjustment, or fraught with T Interest, the Whigs believed should be left l* to the decision and sole supervision of the ' General or Federal Government; whereas, the Democrats believed in the policy as n correct one, one imbibed and breathed into ' the very Constitution, of giving the utmost possible power to each State. That this is ; more in spirit with the Constitution, admits " of no doubt That this is more the Repub' lican principles inculcated by Jefferson, no f one can question. At this time, though, but little consideraf " lion is given to the ultra bearings of each n party, so much is wished to be accomplished, | " and in the accomplishment of this purpose, I both Whigs and Democrats unite. Losing I v sight of the first principles of their party, ' ^ they care not whether the power be dele* '' gated by States separately or from the Fede1 ral head ; this power they wish, and this are l* they striving for. 1 We allude to the abolishment of slavery. >' So far have the feelings of men been enlisted, j d niul by various and multiplied reasons, that i >- all parties would sacrifice separate State ' authority, or Federal autlmrity, and looking | e to what tliey call a IIkiiikr Law, carry ont I their nefarious measures, o Let us revert a moment to past times.? Sinco this government has thrown off the yoke of British tyranny and oppression, she ir has waxed strong and mighty, and as her j if strength nnd potency has increased, so also ir has presumptuous and impotent power.? t When the Declaration of Independence was 's submitted by Mr. Jefferson in its original f- form, the supervision, and the closest scru10 tinising supervision, submitted it necessarily ? to many changes and alterations. To note \ these particular changes, the observer will ~~ find that the tenor of the language or con?? structioli, implied a spirit of too great hos)' tility to the mother country, therefore these - particular sentences were obliterated or ?f modified, making the instrument to appear e as one adopted by the colonies only as a last 5* extremity, and solely as a defensive, and not is hostile measure. For example, in the original draught, Mr. Jefferson had written ; "and such is now the necessity which constrains them to expunge their former system of gov"r eminent." "Expunge' was made " alter." 1 "He has dissolved representative Houses rcpeatedly, and continually, for opposing with r- manly firmness his invasions on the rights of " the people." *"And continually" was strick?f *n not fn the amended Declaration. "He d has erected n multitude of new offices by a self-assumed power'?the words italicised d were stricken out. It is unnecessary for our purposo to give all the eases where the >r Declaration, as drawn up by Mr. Jefferson, rt was so amended and modified as to appear d in the leaet objectionable manner to the Unit? tish Government; suffice it to say that every i? expression which bore the semblance of too U delegated a right was altered, and every a place where the word "States" wns used, it >' was obliterated, and Colonies inserted. Ren pouted aggressions, and unbearable taxationv o and with every probability of a continuance it and no diminution, aroused this country to draw up this declaration, and even then it e was maturely considered before adopted, and met with opposition from many. And obJ serve, evenjthen, after having insult upon ini*. suit heaped upon us, it was couched in a h manner dignified but very respectful, t. The fratners of our American Constiti:y tion looked particularly to the independence it of each State or Colony. and each State was t. to Mtercise its own right and prerogative? no State having the power to trammel, or interfere with the rights of another. All the States collectively were engaged in a common cause?n cause as dear to one as another, but only so far was it considered a :. common motive. As a centripetal power is the Federal Government to be considered?to enact laws ) conflicting with no right of one State?as a ! power by which may he called into action j the combined and collective strength of the J United St;.te? to resist foreign interference. ? So f.ir is to Iks considered the functions bey longing to the Federal Government. No laws must she enact,which will sacrifice one ~ portion of this Union even for the benefit of e another, much less shall she enact a law detrimental to one state or section of the Union, to gratify the whim, or foster the am j onion (Minrmion oegouen by nn increase of v | pop lation, &c.) of another state or section. The Northern section of these United | States or the Norhern States, arc opposed to ?f Slavery. Not content to be absolved of the e , sin themselves their pretended sympathy e knows no bounds, but they must sboliah k slavery in the Southern States; n section of l- these United States where slave labor has II been found to be profitable, profitable alike to ourselves and our opponents. The greatd est portion expunged from the original delr rlaration as drawn up by Jefferson, was on it this question. Jefferson said: "He (alluding to the King ef Great Britain) has urged civil war against human nature itself, violating its most sacred rights of life and liberty h in the persona of a distant people who never e offended him, captivating and carrying them into alavery in another hemisphere, or to inf curs miserable death in their transportation # thither. This piratical warfare, the oppro^ biom of IsriDKL powers, is the warfare of the t Christian King of Great Britain. Determined tn Irun nun a market w-hr-rn M*n should he bought and sold, he has prostituted his negative attempt to prohibit or to restrain this execrable commerce And that t thie neaemblage of berxe** might want no i, fact of distinguished die, he ie now exciting* r those very people to rise in arms among na, and to porch*** thst liberty of which he hae deprived them, by murdering thd people mi ' whom he also obtruded tliem; thus paying off former crimes committed nguinst the IjbEKTies of one people, with crimes which he urges them to commit nguinst the I ives of another." Jefferson was nn avowed aboli- j tionist?ho believed, und sincerely and ear- i nestly believed slavery to bo a moral evil, and from the dictates of his own mind did | he insert this clause, hut the assembled dele- I gates expunged the whole, even the trafic of the slave trade, which our Government is ns strenuous to repress as any other?even the Slave Trade our forefathers did not consider. Believing negro labor profitable to ourselves, and knowing neffro laborenn nnlv be obtained by owning slaves, at the same time, ] having this population, and which the combined wisdom of good and great men who have gone before us, could never find an expedient by which we could get rid of this po- ! pulation, we say, notwithstanding nil this, the Northern States will go to a Higher i Law, a law they delegate to themselves, and create discord in these States?States which j are bound together by the cord of equal liberty and justice. In no event has it over been found by the wisest Statesman, that this slave property could be go ten rid of.? It is a known fact, that negroes cannot subsist to be supported by their voluntary labor or exertions:?it is also well known, that to have such a body cast loose, and then with ' starvation and misery staring them in the face, a consequence may be apprehended even fearful to think of,?ai.d we know the Northern pi ople, in spite of their professed philanthropy, dispise negroes in their midst ?it is also well ki own. that a great portion of the Southern country is composed of this slave popula ion, and this property has been bought and paid for, a great many Northern abolitionists, or their ancestors being or having been the rccepients of the money?all this being the, ease, can any expedient be : adopted by which the so-called evil can be I eradicated and the Southern country suffer I no detriment ' We ask the question, and J i pause for n reply. The first aggressive measure, and the one which sowed the seeds of secession in South ; Carolina, was the introduction of the so. ' celled Wiluiot Proviso. It was to quell the | s|?irit of discord and dissatisfaction caused j , by the adoption of that law, that that great 1 j statesman left his home, and by his ceaseless j L!??rs to ell'ect a compromise measure, that j he sacrificed his life upon the alter of his country's honor. Henry Clay hoped to see j ! peace and tranquility restored to a distracted j country, when :.ll should he indissolubly connected by the tics of Brotherly I?ove. So tar, the effect of that compromise has been to restore peace, but the thread is in. deed small and easily broken which would rouse the secession spirit, in a more ngmvatcd form than ever before known. Let the Fugitive Slave Law be repealed?and civil war, which was no larger before than u man's hand In the distant Imrrison, may appear to ua too.prcdominent to be magnified. These are facts. Some two or three months ajo, wc received a letter from a distinguished tn tnber of Congress, an extract from which we here give:?"Parties are in great confusion. It is supposed that the candidates of neither of the national parties j will give any pledge to carry out the Fugitive Slave Law. The repeal of that law was < prevented by the call of a Convention by South Carolina; but secession being eon sidered out of the question, parties have again begun the game of bidding for Free Soilerv-, and the law would now be repealed, but that it b :s been found by experience. th t it cnnnot be executed, and Free Soilcrs have therefore grown somen hat indifferent about it. Hut I do not think it will remain on the Statute Hook beyond another Presidential election. Indeed, I am sure it will not." We are now on tha eve of the Presidential election, and electors should cast the vote of the State for the candidate who will do us justice; but we believe it will coinport more with the manifested character exhibited by our people, to " throw away the vote" rather than bestow it unworthily.? Wo can not expect a candidate for the Presidency to be alike the choice of the North and the Sou'li, neither can we expect one who will use his authority for Sourhern interest at all times?such a candidate could not be elected?but wo say, rather than to vote for a candidate merely because he Is classified with the old school of Democracy, far better be it for us to wash our hands of | the stain of treason against ourselves, ami ( c.tst away the vote. l'eace, prosperity, ami the univeraul happiness of this Union, wo earnestly implore, ami whatever measures he adopted, or whoever may fdl the Presidential chsir, no trust the result will be this desirable and earnestly wished for end. The candidates for the Legislature in Kershaw District, have been called upon for an expression of opinion on the three important questions which have been propounded to our candidates. Col. J. B. Kershaw, a candidate for the house, has given his reply in thejast Canulen Journal. He is in favor of ra-chartering the Bank of the State, and in connection with that subject, makes the following very sensible remarks ; 14 But I nm no blind partisan of the Bank of the State?I can feel ti e force of many of the objections to such an institution, nrged on general grounds of public policy. / regard them however, at applicable rather to the (juestion of the establishment of a State Rank, in the first instance than to that rf a re-charter. I think the Bunk of the State in its management, as little amenable to censure, as any -*1. 1 ?!'-?!? -* *L uwicr uiiiiiuuun ui me Mine rixricter thai ever existed. It is not perfect, nor is anything else, creuted and administered by human agents. M To this may be added the fact, that many of the gronnds of complaint against the management of the Bsnk, either an not now exist, or have been so fcr modified as to cease to be objectionable.' Col Kershaw is in favor of giving the election of the electors for President and Vice President to the people, and gives very good reasons for adopting that opinion. On the subject of the Free School system, wc make the following extract fVom Col. K'a reply : The only mode of distribution which I C deem reasonable, is that predicated on the H actual necessity Ixst a survey l>e made to ^ ascertain the wants of the State in this re- v spect. Ia?t the humber of poor scholars in each District be ascertained, and distribute * the fund among the whole number equally. * I think, if necessary, that the appropriation c should be increased until the object of the expenditure shall be fully met,and the means t of education afforded the poor. The details 1( of a system of public instruction are dithenit to be settled, until we have obtained results by actual experiments, and I will not tres- { pass longer on the time and attention of your renders by going at large into a discussion ! of that plan which 1 have submitted to the 1 people in private conversation, nnd on sevc- * ral occasions when I have hnd the privelege c ,i i.i.- .i.. i? i at..-?, wi nuuicnniu^ iiivin jiuuuuiv. it in nuiiiviuilt ] to say that it embraces the mode of a seertaming the numlter of scholars tobeeduca- ^ ted?provides for the election of a Commissioner in every beat Company?establishes 1 school limits, and ascertains the competency 1 of teachers. A superintendent of Free ? Schools constitutes one of the proposed c changes which I nm prepared to advocate. I do not (latter myselfth.it I can originate a ] plan of public instruction which will bo val- ] uable in itself, but my thoughts have long been interes cd in this subject, and I have deemed it my duty to advocate such mens- 1 ures, as my judgment approves. j The National Era. This paper, tho organ of the abolition ^ Party, published at Washington City, is a | new exchange wo have recently received.? The. ""Era," though devoted to the principles of that party, contains many articles of interest, among which are Grace Greenwood's ( European Letters. We modestly direct the" attention of the " Era" to an article of ours j in the Ledger,headed " Parties, Slavery, &c." i jar To the author, Col. W. II. Can j>- | ' bell, are we indebted for a copy of "An Ad- 1 dress delivered on the 124 th June, 1R52, before Recovery Lodge, No. 31, A. F. M." We are pleased with the style of the address, but no doubt we should appreciate more if we belonged to the order. ; Our friends of the Vnitmrille Jotirtnl and Carolina S/>artan will please direct their papers via Columbia?we will then get tlietn several days earliei than we do now. EDITOR'S TA B L Ej III.acKwood's Edinburgh Magazine: The August number of this valuable Mng| azine bas Iwcn received. Contents: j Dies Horcaies, No. ix. From Ktainboul to Taboir. Katie Stewart, Part it. Cold?Emigration?Foreign Dependence? Taxation. The Moor and the Ijbck. My Novel; or Varieties in English Life. Part xxiii. The Earl of Derby's Appeal to thcCountrv. i From the slight perusal we have given this nuii)bur, wu find "From Stamboul, die.," an Interestingarticle; "Gold,&c-,n bun article of interest. "Wo ngain direct particular attention to these republished British periodicals. See Prospectus of Messrs. Leonard Scott &. Co., the publishers, in another column. The Southern Cui.tivator for Sopteini her lias been received. We have inserted , in this paper several of its interesting agricultural articles. The I.adies Wreath; The Septoriil>cr number came to us by last mail, in which there appears to he several interesting pieces of light reading. A steel engraving, "View of Naples and Vcsuuus," decorates this number. From Washington. Cnrresn/tnrimrfi nf Washington, August 24, 1852. The prominent question before Con, grew, in a political ami constitutional aspect, is the Uiveraml Harbor Dill. It has been warmly congested in the Senate by Judgo Butler and others. Judge Duller , describes it as a general bill for local im- i provements, and denies tho constitutional power of tho Government to pass such a bill. The doctrines and votes of Mr. Calhoun, on some poiuts connected with this subject, had been appealed to by the friends of tho bill; ami Judge Dutler expressed his disapprobation of these opinions ami votes, and said that ho had told Mr. Calhoun that ho had* made a mistake on that subject. Works which concern a number of States have been held, even by j ( Mr. Calhoun, to be of a national and con- , stilutiona! character. This is no longer a party question, tho ' , Democratic. 55?n?tnM I ? l > wvi.l^ MMIVICll UJRIII it. For instance, General Cass goes for it, and Mr. Douglass against it. Party platforms aro so shaped ns to accommodate wide differences of opinion, on the most vital questions. Judge Butler complained that platforms were substituted for the constitution. A select committee has been appointed ; by the House, on motion of Mr. Olds, to investigate the connection of Mr. Corwin 1 with the Gardiner claim. The committee I were Messrs. Johnson, of Tcnnesseee, Dun- : can, of Mississippi, Howard, of Texas,! Chapman, of Connecticut, and Preston King, of New York. If the committee report the facts they will be considered as a vindication of the Secretary; but still the main fact that the claim is of a doubtful or spurious character will be used as a strong weapon against the Whigs, and especially In Ohio, which is to be one of the chief battle grounds of the next I'residential election. Tl*e election will he h-_ I for? Gardiner'* trial, and l>efore it can be legally ascertained that the claim was a forgery. But some of the Congress Committees will report testimony of Mexican and other witnesses, going to show that it was a fraudulent claim. No Whig member consented to serve on the House Committee. Mr. Duncan was the only one appointed, and ho declined serving. It will be left to Mr. Corwin's political opponent* to make such a report as tbey deem fit. There Was a bit of a row ia the House, yesterday, growing out of a political speech of Mr. Polk, of Tennessee, against, 11 1 1111 11 111 Jen. Scott. Mr. White, of Kentucky, ,htl Mr. Cullum, of Tennessee, took up he matter, and from words the dispute rell nigh came to blows. Party feeling, is to the election, is rising in Congress, ?ut there is not much general excitement n the subjecti Congress has added twenty per cent, td lie salaries of Clerks of $ 1200 salary, itid ten percent upon salaries of $'2000 ind over. The increase is limited to the >resent fiscal year, and is based on the act that the inflation of the currency has aided much to the expenses of livimr in * . o liis city. Hut the sumo* fact exists as to ill cities, and to all employments. The iffieers of State Governments, of banks md other corporations, the officers of the irmy and navy, might all be entitled to idditional pay on the same ground. The ncasuro adopted in regard to the clerks nay be considered as a prelude to a general increase of the salaries of civil offi ers of the Government. The Steam Safety Hill is before the [louse. The late awful calamity on Lake ?ric is another appeal in behalf of the iteainboats. No regulations will afford iny thing like ample protection to passengers; but wholesale destruction of life may hj rendered less frequent by the adoption jf tho measures proposed. The members are already preparing to jret away. This day week tho greater portion of them will be gone. Congress. The Senate, on Thursday, took up tho Civil aud Diplomatic bill. Mr, Sumner moved an amendment having for its object the repeal of tho fugitive slave law, in a speech of four hour's duration. His reply also consumed three hours. Tho amendment, however, was ultimately rejected, only four Senators voting in its favor. Tllrt llitiun nf . ..v .-v?wv ?? ??vj..vwvi?unifVAj the Senate bill providing for a tri-wcckly mail between New Orleans and Vera Cruz. The amendment of the Senate to several appropriation bills were eonenrred in by die House, when it adjourned. Caution*.?Two bank bills were shown to the Editors of the New-Orleans J'icyiiiie, on Friday, an old issue of the Hank of the State of North-Carolina, and another of the Hank of the State of Georgia, which had been verv ingeniously raised from a small denomination to $100 each. They are well calculated to deceive without tho closest examination. The notes were remitted by a merchant in Arkansas to his agent at New-Orleans. A Poubi.f. Arrest.'?We learn from tho Edgfield Ad ft r liter that an individual, named McCrary, was arrested ten miles above that place, a few days ago, on the charge of murdering a man in Alabama. A reward of $500 hail been ottered by tho father and brothers of the person killed. The gentlemen who am?ted McCrary iMessrs. White tseyly and Harris, of Jdgfield district,) have taken him on to Alabama, where he is by this time perhuj lodged in jail to await his trial. Another McCrary was arrested by tie* saiue gentlemen, as a fugitive from justice, and carried on with his brother, a reward of $200 having bceu offered by some Alabama jailer for his delivry. Invasion of Cuba.?It is stated that arrangements are actually making for a public meeting in New-York, with a viewto enlist tho active sympathies of the people in favor of the renwed attempt at revolution in Cuba. The meeting will bo Hold at Metropolitan Hall, about the middle of September?earlier should the next news be of an exciting character. The Fishery Question.?The news by the Asia states that iu England public feeling respecting the Newfoundland fishery question is somewhat calmer, but more ships are fitting out at tho Navy Yard to proceed to the ti -hing grounds; among them II. H. M.'s sloop-ot'-war Vestal and four screw steamers. A committee of naval officers have also been ordered to assemble at the Admiralty iu Loudon, to decido on ? sutuioie armament i??r ttie mail steaniert belonging to the British Government in cuae they should he required for warlike purposes. Arrivrl of the Steamer A*ia. IJaltimork, August 26, 1852. The Asia left Uverpool on the 14th inst. Cotton wm firm when she sailed, and the week's sales reached 58,000 hales?16,000 of which were on speculation, and 6,000 for export Fair Orleans ; upland H; middling Orleans 5 9-16 ; middling uplands 5 7-1 . The imports of Cotton during tho week were 44,000 bales. Holders met tho demand freely. On Friday the sales amounted from 12,0t'0 to 15,000 hales. Havre cotton market steady. Flour was firm at an advance during the week, but at the close the article was dull at 21s 6d, a 22s. Corn unchanged. Wheat slightly advanced, l ard dull ahd unchanged. l'ork declining. Rice active at 6 and 8d. Spirits of Turpentine 35s. Sugar and Coffee firm. Tobacco firm. Money abun~ dsnt rnnanU ' two 'in-- . ? am ? no i ratio or Manchester is still healthy. The general aspect of the crops is good, and more favorable than had been supposed. Political matters are not very important. Earl Derby's conduct regarding the fishery question is generally condemned by th British public. The press denounces the action as shamefully precipitate, showing an utter disregard ef consequences. It is rumored that Thomas Baring,*! the ** ? house of Raring Brothers, will proc^l to the United States to manage tho fishery dispute. f General Urquoxa effected m coup d'etat at Buenoa Ay res. The publitfpreee is gagged and the Chamber of Representatives dissolved. Sevsml refractory members were orA*9t?A lev nail iKn ? ? f ? ???/ Louk Napolean'a marriage has been dtr bmd. Nome rout aecret nocietta* are forming In Franee. There ia nothing e|ee of moment.