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m COMMUNICATIONS,' For the Ledger. The Frte-School Systyn of 80. Ca. nvmbf.r II. We propose, now to examine the Justice, Equality, and Policy of the present mode of distribution of tho Free School Fund. As before stated in the first number, the Fund appropriated for Free School purposed is distributed under tho present system among the several Rarishcs and Districts in the State, according to Representation in the House of Representatives. The appropriation and mode of distribution is regulated under an act of the Legislature, passed in 1811, and entitled " an act to estaomh Free Schools throughout the State." Under this act it is provided, "That immediately after tlifc passing of this act, there shall he established in each Flection District within this State, a number of Free Schools eqnnl to the number of members which such District is entitled to sericl to tho House of Representatives in the Lcgjplaturc of this State," and also "that for the support and maintenance of the said Free Schools, the sum of Three Hundred Dollars per annum for each (member) is hereby and forever appropriated to be paid out of tho'Treasury of this State, in the manper hereinafter directed, until other sufficient funds may, by law, be provided." The HousG of Representatives is composed of one hundred and twenty-four members; and the constitution of the State prescribes the principle upon which the apportionment of members is to be "made. Under the 2d Section of the amendments of the constitution, ratified Dec. 17. 1808, it is thus expressed ; " The House of Representatives shall consist of one hundred and twenty .four members, to bo apportioned among the aoycral election Districts of the State, avoiding to the number of white inhabitants contained, and the amount of all taxes raisod by the Legislature, whether direct or indirect, or of whatever species, paid in each," &C., And ill section 4th of the same, ' In assigning representatives to the several districts this State, the legislature shall allow one representative for every sixty-second part of the whole number of white inhabitants in the State; and one representative also for every sixty-second part of the whole taxes raised by tho legislature of the State," &c. And lindor (tin fliU ?oofS,xn it If !H at.. M!V V?ll OVVMWII, II III I III* portionment of representatives under tliese amendments, any election District shall npappcar not to be entitled from its population, and its taxes to a representative, such election District shall nevertheless send one representative,'1 &.C. From which it is observed that representation in the House of Representatives is based upon Taxation as well as Population, and that,when there is not a sufficient aiyouat of taxation, and a sufficient population, to entitle an Election District to a member, still it shall have one. A member in the House of Representatives derives his power, partly from taxation, and partly from population, and it may be, Ex Gratia?in the absence of both taxation and population, as a constitutional basis. To distribute then, the fund according to representation in the House of Representa^iires. would be to distribute the same nceorAT ting to taxation and population among the election Districts. Taxation and population being the basis of such representation. This in effect would make taxation as well as population the ooension of the necessity for die Fund, and the application of it depend upon these; when in fact, the want of Education among the people of the Stab" originates the necessity for the appropriation. To show the unsoundness of this principle, we j- piust notice the relation in which t.i.Vb'on " and population stand to Education. First, ?> then, we rcirfhrk, the people only jus they stand in need of education, become' the subjects and beneficiaries, of the Fund, and in no other sense are they to be C0^n',aerO(] ;n onneetiou witb ^ The same may be said of the several Districts and Parishes. But, in no sense, whatever, can taxable property be considered the subject or beneficiary o f the FreeSohool Fund. It was clearly the 'intention .pf the legislature in voting the npt propriation, to meet, if possible, the wants cif Education in the several Districts and Parishes in the State, having regiird simply to the Educational wants of each or of the whole State. To effect this end, it was necessary to resort to Taxation, in order to furnish the means. Hence it is, that Taxation stands to Education in the relation of means to an Pinl- Tliii in/?nnrl So *1^ , ... ..II willy iciaiion which it sustains to education. The object of the Fund is Education, itnd the fund itself is but the means of attaining that object; '.vital more has taxation to do with Education ? Will any one say it forms one of the subjects of Education t If taxable property is to be educated, then the present mode of distribution is right! This is nn ago of rtew things,but we have yet to loarn this tot ...? Under any true system of Free Schools the Education of the'peoplc forms the object, *l/ t *t_ 1 - - - mio ycufjin ftrv mo smyecm, ana me land the 4 <; mean* of ^pkining the object, and reaching the subject* From the insufficiency of the ?, 0 Fund, under the present system, to educate the whole people, It becomes limifed to thd ^ fc poor indigent. # Such a mode of distribution of the Free School Fund, m will legitimately effect its object and purposes, la alone correct; any other is founded io error, and misapplies the flmd.' t The present mode of distribution miaap. plies the Find, because it is not made to defend upon muT to fMom strictly thofe^erifr of tha Fond the pospfc, but also makes Taxation nea^aary for Ha application. This Is Inconsistent with tho fitness of things, or the adaptation of tho moons to the end.? It thus attains imperfectly the object, and . lAcbae partially tho subjects; and hence it ia unwj*a legislation agd unwise in itsfoKrv. . > ^ % It also discriminates between tk? Parishes find Districta and on that accoifti* it Jts lino qual and unjust. It giv?g/lo the auore weal thy Parishes and Districts, where thdro if always to be found a fncer number of whit persons, n much larger share of the Fre< School Fund in proportion to their whit population ; and t<v the poorer Parishes an< Districts, where there is always a large white population a less share in proportioi to their white population. And in this ulaee. we remark? tha this discrimination docs not extend to th< Districts and Parishes as opposite interests it applies as well to a Parish when coiupnre< with a Parish, as when compared with a Dis trict; and to a District compared with a Dis trict or Parish. The principle is the same which entitles a Parish or District to a mem ber in the House of Representatives, (Taxa tion and population.) The inequality amonj the several Parishes and Districts results not from the principle of Representation it sell in the House of Representatives, (fo that principle is the same in all,) but becausi Representation is used as the basis of distri bution, when, at the same time, it depend upon two principles (Taxation and Popula tion.) which vary, equally, in Parish or Dis trict, as one or the other of these principle predominates. The Parish of St Helen: with a white population of 1,078 is entitle) to receive no more than St. Andrews with: white population of only 379. The present mode of distribution of th< Free School Fund is supposed by many ti have some connection with the peculiarity o Representation in the Legislature, unde the constitution of the State; and in that wa; it is viewed as an " up country," or " lov country" measure, and the nmount ofTaxei of the upper or lower division is introduce* to have its weight in settling the question But such is most certainly a mistake. Th difference in the jftinciple of Represcntatioi affecting the up country and low country, i found in the Senate alone, there each clec tion District (Parish as well as District) i entitled, under the Constitution, to one mem her except the Parish of St. Philips and S' Michael's, wh?'*h is entitled to two. I apportionment of ir.euioers in the Senate,ha nothing at all to do with the distribution c the Fund. The distribution depends npo Representation in the House of Rcjrrcsrnti tires, and not in the Senate. It likewise discriminates between the oil izens of the State, who are the subjects of th Fund, and interested in its benefits; and i is thus partial in its character." The subjects of the Fund are the peopl of the State ; and they aro benefitted or ir jured, by the distribution in their several r? lations ; cither as individuals, the recipient of the Fund ; or as Tax payers and citizen It" the State residing in the different Parisl: es and Districts. It operates partially upon the indigent.th recipients of the Fund, in this, that thos who happen to live in a Parish or District where Taxation contributes more or less t membership in the House, receive more o less from that circumstance. Where taxatio predominates in entitling an election Distric to membersuig, th?re, a fewer number of ir digent persons are to be found ; and the ("or sequence is, that this class of jfcrsons is e thcr fully provided for, or it is exteuded an made to embrace within it. those who in otl er Parishes and Districts, \\ here populatio predominates would be either, but partial! prov ided for or altogether excluded. In thi feature the. present distribution is unequal, not, unjust. It operates partially upon the Tax payin citizens of the State. They are intereste in the fund, not only in its general objet and purposes, but as a means of clTectingth education of their neighbors, and thus cor tribuling to their social advantage. As cit izens of the State, and Tax payers, they ar entitled to a more equitable distribution.? The present mode of distribution disappoint them not only in its failure to accompli! the general purpose of the Fund us an liary to the gen';;,,, diffusion of education | out In this, that it does not contribute, alike n> i iic enjuj mei.i in mi! social advantage* which result from education upon their neigh borhoods. And besides if the argument b good, that as Tax payers they arc entitle* to the full benefit of their taxes, it fails ii this respect, and produces moreover an ine quality, which is unjust. To illustrate thii latter view: A. lives in one of the Parishes o Districts, and pays in taxes to the State One Hundred Dollars: 15. lives in nuothe Parish or District and pays the same tax.? B's Parish or District receives perhaps, dou hie as much of the Free School Fund as A'a Is A. and B., both of whom are equal as Ta: payers,affected alike? Does it not produce ai inequality ? If the principle be a just one, tha as property pays the tax, therefore, tin tax payers should receive the corresponding benefit of such tax ; then, the present distri bution miiiiaics with this principle, in tha regard, and the argument, if good in the om case should be good in the other and apph there also. But this principle which Taxa tion calls for will be considered again in it proper place. It is merely used here ab ar guendo. ' Tjiere is no reason founded in justice,*o equity, for this discrimination. We hav? but one government in 8outh Carolina; ant every citizen stands in the same relative po sition to this government. All stand, aiik* no matter wherefrotn, whether from Ivincas ter, Kershaw, or any where else. All an alike, citizens of the State, no matter whai their geographical position may be. Thej are all constituents of the aame body politic Thesdbject of Free Schools is mainly one ol Stato policy. The Shite is benefitted in thi education of the j>eople; and the people, in tarn, arc benefitted to that extent. Buf^t may be said, that as the Parishei and Districts pay the Taxes, and receive th? benefit of the distribution of the Fund, thai therefore the present mode of distribution ii just and equitable. Here, the jvhole difficulty arises, viz: in considering the Free School System ss a mere Dixtrnt snd Parixh institution, and not ttriefltt a State institution. If the State wsm 4n > '? * ? .. >. -J== i a Federal Head, consisting of separata at ereigaties and Independencies. If the E tricts and Parishes stood to the State, in t i same relation as the States to. the Fede s 'government, then, there might be some j s; tice and propriety in the principle. 1 8 the State of South Carolina is a governor 1 integral, and consolidated jbi ita character r The State is bounded by North Cnroli i Georgia and the Atlantic Ocean. It is ah divided into Parishes, and Districts, for 1 t presentative, judicial and other purposes,! 8 for conveniences generally. But the Si ; as such, is one government?it is a whole 1 The State entrusts to, and imposes upon - Districts and Pnrishes, the management - many things within their limits, such as i, roads, bridges, the Poor, and other matteri - less importance; because these can more c - veniently be nttended to by the I J tricts, nnd, at the same time, the St i, is relieved of so much extra govcrnme: - but the education of the people, like the , r dieiary is of higher importance and becoir e peculiarly, the subject of State protect - and State regard. # s In tho Consideration of the mode of i - tribution, we are not to look at the means - which the fund iB raised,?we arc not s look to the source from which it comes a we must not settle this qttrstion by the p i eiple: that as wealth pays the tnx.thercf a it is just and equitable, that wealth sho receive its benefits. That is entircl e different matter, and doe* not apply h 0 To raise and collect taxes, is one thing; f to appropriate money from the Treas r another. Taxes are raised, to meet f wants and necessities of the State; nnd w r collected, they become the property of 9^ State, nnd the subject of State conti 1 thoy go into public Treasury, to be a{ i. expended for* any legitimate purpose, e man who pays fifty dollars in taxes to a State, after he has mode the payment to s Tax collector, has no more claim upoi !- than any other citizen of the St s no more, than tho man who ha? "p.,},! i- one dollar. He h-- p.,id the ;,~ty jol -? j as a tax upon |11S property, nnd this Tn ? j but Ihe price for its defence. ? man, who pays liny dollars us a tax, d more property at stake, his property is ? teeted, in amount, larger than the man, pays "but one dollar, and, hence, his gre Tax. He has paid, and done, no more, I t- the just principles of Government requir e him. If the more wealthy iurnieh the me it the hardy yeomanry of the country si ready to protect them in the enjoymen e their property, and to sustain and defend State. '* When the State requires a military fc 8 and a coll is made to arms, the levies are 8 then made, according to the pecuniary ir ests, or ability of the Districts, and Paris not according to membership in the Horn e not accordingto Taxation and populatic e 110, a different rule then obtains^-all si t, alike, and bear the same "relation to o State; and every District and Parish n r furnish its respective quota of men, nc n ding to its strn,gth.?according to its a it population, the subjects of military duty. 1- this principle bo acknowledged in war, 1- it then be observed, and carried out in pe i- and let the good as well as the ills, be sh: d equally. "It is a bad rule which does 1- work both ways." n But let us attempt to carry out the pri y pie, that as wealth pays the taxes, therel is the distribution is just, and where do if end? In the first place we stop short, cause the individuals who pay the Ta ? cannot possibly receive back benefits in | d portion to what they pay. A man may t a large Tax. and from the circumstance ol 0 living in a District, or Parish, where Tj 1. tion contributes but Tittle to members f. he will not receive a corresponding hem e through the distributive share of his I - trict. There can be no rule to reach s case, and to enable liiin to receive back " |propoTt'.CTi in what he pays. And in - next place, ir we attempt to carry it out 1 the case of the Parishes and District, ?, consequence will be, that those Distr and Parishes, which pay the largest Ta: 1. should have all their public buildings, Cc P Houses, Jails, Ar c., upon a scale more gri i and in a style, more costly,?should recc t more of the services of the Governor, of _ Judges, and of every other public officer 8 State sallnried functionary; in a w< r should receive back in some way or ot 1 the additional sum which they pay, over 1 r above the other Districts and Parishci . the State. This principle would be sesi . ly tolerated in South Carolina; > ct it is, 1. effect the same, as the on<* involved in s present mode of distribution of the I* ! Sehool Fund. t Apart from nil considerations of just ? equality, and wise State Policy, the F ^ School System is (in its practical opcratioi . beneficiary institution, and ns such, it me i r m?re liberal policy, and a more oxtem B philanthropy. <1 To sum up the argument, the prea ? system is defective in its organization, it H much, as the distribution of the Fund is c . trary to the object, and true purposes the institution; and on thnt account, oppo to a wise State Policy. It is partial in # benefits to the beneficiaries, and to the 1 j paying, and other citizena of the State, a therefore, unjust and unequal. It opera j na a mere Diatrict or Parish institution, i is sectional in its benefits ; and, therefore s becomes altogether unjust, unequal, i t unwise. r Wc will continue the subject next we "MoCottry.1 (For tho Ledger.) 1 John Bolton O'Neal. 1 Mr. Editor:?Since the e?/abliahmdl| 5 Lancaster of a pre** of "onr own," we hi 1 perused its columns with an intewst unfol 1 the perusal of any otber paper and in jnal ot yourself we confess that thin interest 1 i been attended with no small degree of gi i ifixation and pride. We mast, bowes I take the liberty to any, that w^ioticed w i regret, and read with pin end mortificati e * 4 i ~ 9 * >v- the article in the Ledger oflaat week, copied is- ftoin the South Carolinian, and headed the "Bitter Word*," which in oiir humble opinral ion reflects with unmerited severity upon us- one of Carolina's most valuable citizens and Jut most faithful public servants, ent It is not by anj means our purpose, Mr. .? Editor, to attempt a defense of the truly na, "great and good man," to whom thnt article me alludes ; for, sir, well aware are we that the He- name of John Bclton O'Neal is of itself a ind bulwark impregnable to the attacks of any fate foe, and amply sufficient to afford protecat J ?J la 1? uun unaer any nnu every hwuuii. 111 penthe ning these lines, therefore, wo simply net in > of obedience to that better part of our nature, the to whose influence we trust we shall never i of be insensible, and which prompts us, nt all on- times, and underfill circumstances, to "render )is- unto Caesar the things which are Caesars." ate We think that the remarks of the Cnrolint; nian are calculated to create erroneous imJu. pressions in the minds of some of your renies, derswhomny not have seen Judge O'Neal's ion letter in the Temperance Advocate of April 1st It is evident even from the extract which dis- elicited the strictures alluded to, that the i by Judge had been virulently assailed through to the columns of the Winnsboro Register by t,? two several correspondents, because he had rin- thought proper to defend Mr. White (of ore, whom wc have not a word to say) from uld charges which ho nt least, believed to be y a false and unfounded. It is farther apparent, ere. that the expression, "Fanatic of Temperance and ?nd submission'!st in politics!' did not origiury nate with his Honor, but were the epithets thc uncouricousiy used by iliesc correspondents hen towards him. If the Judge's remarks in reth0 fercnce to tlrc.se assailants do savor somcrol; what of severity, We would respectfully ask. raji, if no allowance can be made for the expres* A sionsof a sensitive and noble spirit.conscious the of the purity of its motives, and the disint),c terested benevolence of its intention;, when ? it, chafed, palled and "'oundod by th- wanton ate; ?n?' ungenerous ?w-;|g0ftll0se for whose but I benefit jt devoted n long life of unparnllars' lolcd toil and incessant labor ? lx is will trespass no longer upon the pa* The tienee of yourself and readers than simply to has ftdd, that whether Judge O'Neal be destined pro- to hve 'onf? or die H?on. he has already who erected for himself, in the hearts of the good '.iter an<* virtuous, a monument of glory more than enduring than the pyramids of Egypt, upon 0 (,f which the Christian and Philanthropist, for inns, "Res to come, may feast their admiring vistand 'on' while it shall teach a lesson of terror it of ni,d dismay to sin and folly, vice nnd imIthe morality, so long as time shall last! From the above, you nnd your renders, iree, ^r- Editor, may be able to form some idea of not the opinion of, and the feelings towards iter- John Belton O'Neal, which pervade the lies, breast of at least one, who you will admit Ie possesses a tluulow of claim to the title of a '-rabid Secessionist." Land ? jjinrnstcr Crinp. If E4Mi4,n*l4>r?il(4>. S. C. WEDNESDAY. APRIL 14. m. red " ??: not The Spring Term of the Court of Common Pl?u commenced its session here inci- on Monday last, Judge Frost presiding. It 'ore, is unknown to us if they are uny cases of we material importance, we believe not. True be- bills were found in a number of State cases, xes, Several of the*o?a*o? reflect but little credit pro- on our District: assault and battery, rape, pay selling liquor without licence, &o. This The business of the Court, we presume, xa- will occupy it the remainder of the week. efit, The Credit System. >is his We received an anonymous communication 'D some tiinc since, in which the writer in ?d0 verting to the Homestead Exemption, re',n marked, that if the svstt m were abant'ie doncd, there would be no use to exempt ,c any property from levy and sale. No one *e"' is in favor of tho Cash System more than ,urt we are. and could it be adopted, it would inTMpend greatly to decrease the amount of our !'T^national expenditures, but, it is perfectly the I ?? i - ?_ l; L ? 0 uocivcw iv ret uuiiijr>iai a ojaicui wnicn fan' or not be adopted. Man is a (fcpendant being, and in nil the relation* of life each member ',er of society is dependent on hi* brother. In nn<^ fact, this dependence is the connecting link ? ,n which uaites man U> man, and is the impulrco* sive power which generates feelings of pr.it> >n itude in the heart of man* the M Individuals are made thus dependent upre* on each other, in ordeMo render harmony, peace, and mutual assistance, their interest lco' as well as their doty. Where men are milrcp tually dependent upon each other, the proa11 perity of one is the proajwrity of all; and the adversity of one i? the adversity of all. ^ No one can ' *njoy many of the h!easing* which God has intended for him. only in so <>nt lar as others enjey them also ; and no one ia*" can be deprived of them, unless others are on* deprived of them to a considerable degree 1 also. Thus, we aee that the individual prort<H* press of man, is, by the constitution of things imlissolubly conaectcd with, if not absolute^a* ly dependent on, hie^K Ul?f>rogres8.,' ^ The more numerous are exchangee, the ^ better it ie for every community, this* is evi t dent to every one who understands the first principles of Political Economy. Now w'e conceive that if a law were enacted reatricting credit, that tho exchanges of such com? ' munity would naeataarily be decreased. Jh) the city of New York or Charleston, it Jms not sppesj that the credit system is so much adopted a* hire 19 LdRaeter, or in any port fjjf jv of our upper conn try, yet it is equally extcn?H' Mife only in a different form. A Dry Gooda *4?. 'fl^ hant diaoount* a tote in tlte Bank for af!PHundred or Five Hundred DollarJwr t in borrow* thin money and give* hi* notel^h lice proper security payable at the expiratlen of has aixty oy^nety day* aa^the ease may he. mP By Ifflr mean* he in enxbjj^l to pay ?Mh r*r, for his Groceries and other necessaries, eooh 1th fidenf that he wftl be enabled to |qp P| on, notp when du<y from the proceed* derMq " > I W % # * % from the sale of hie dry goods. This Is wholesale credit system, ho borrows hi friends endorsements; and then borrows fror the Bunk. Whether this bo the best mcftl we cannot say?i' m ?y be t'rdln the fnct.thr the purchaser finds by cIobu calculation, tlu the amount saved from paving ' i'sh? far ej coeds the interest he pays to the Dank f< the loan ot the money. There are one or two reasons why thi plnn could not be adopted in our up countr; In the first place Banks are not conveniet to us, and in the next place rs most of 01 community are farmer*, they should n< borrow money from the Bank. This is the reason why ihev should no It is impossible for a farmer to promise I can meet the payment of a note, which rut but sixty or ninety days, when he is umb to say if his crop will brine him sufficient \ meet the payment, and he could only bo row it the sixty or ninety days preceedir the period when the note would becon due. He may have his note renewed. 5 he may, but it is not always such ntt arrange ment can be effected, and when pressing n cessity comes, he will be obliged perhaps sacrifice property to pay his note. A fan er has no business to meddle with Bint his business does not require much finnnci knowledge, and as it is an avocation ,?nlo lnted to bo freer from the troubles and tn moils of life more tlinn any other, it shou be the aim of the farmer to trv and make so. So soon as he pets in inveigled financii ing and money speculations, he loscsarelii for that which he intended to devote 1 time and attention to. In our Stores.ami who is known to have the property to p his debts, can obtain poods on one year's ci dit, or at least he is expected to settle t first of every January. If his crop hay,, f led to brinp him in a sufficient Bum v/ui would enable him to ;,rtV 1hMC debts. | gives rt pmmisorv note paying interest fro the first of the year, and freipientlv it is thi or four years before he finally pays up full, but he is known to he pood for t amount and is not perplexed and troubl as lie would be with a Hank note. ' From these facts we think the credit s; tern will always be adopted, and we do c Utility think it better by far for the farn to become indebted to the merchants of J District than the Banks of the State. - Palmetto Sentinel. Blackvlile S. C Our vnknatrn brother, tlip editor of t Sentinel replies to our notice of his pap and more particularly to that portion which We say as follows: " Somehow other we cannot understand this support! Southern Institutions, and yet, po with t State for weal or- wo. Suppose Sou Carolina renounced slavery, how then ? T Sentinel apprehends no danger on the p: of the State departing from the principle has ever believed to be to her interest, a coalescing with other States opposed s'a\ery, and says: "As we apprehend no d..tiger on the |V of the State, we expressed no fears. We hardly think even now. th;.t wo eh ever be called npOu to follow n St te, wh? efforts have, at all times, been ze. lously ? magnanimously put forth, to build up, fos and defend the* rights of the St to and in? , tutions of the South, into th >t strange si version of policy to tear down and deinoli that which she has with steady and fix purpose aimed to establish ..nd perpetuut This is all right enough, but we will gi our unknown brother our reason for pi pounding the inquiry. Kvery p iper that started now n d vs in the Southern Count takes slavery as the hobby to ride on into p< ular favor and not unfre<pi.'ntb[ the editt who may be North rn men,* take this their str<mg fort. \ lie, declare war gainst the free St t- s. . ml pr?>f?-ss to be t thuM .atic admirers it .1 s'flhiste Tein. '1 his is th? gn t h?/oby , hut si there is another, though ol less ni gnitu i well calculated to est bii?h and promt I their interests?this is to go tor the Mt; for weal or wo?n0ht or wrong to go 1 I it,,. St,.la \ntt' W ' VI..I.M a.....v. self deficient of ?I1 [? 'riotism to ndvoc. or oven sanction oil the Mote would do. I ?n? ? secessionist, and the St..Us doc id on remaining in the. U ion. muit I profess be satisfied that the St to is right, when heart my desire is to s e Iter leave t Union I Col. J. Chesnut, Jr. This gentleman has Keen nominated the Columbia Staff-Hi )ht.i Hepubliran,I one of its ?orre*|H?n?leiit."s a> the success of the Hon. J. A. Woodwind, in the I*. Congress. Co! Chesnut is well knov to our readers to Ik*, not only an aeeoi plished gentleman, but also an able ai distinguished political).? FairJiildHrrai We know of no gentleman in eit er District, comprising this, the third Co gressional District, more able, or better c. filiated to represent us in Congress ih Col. Chesnut. His well known ability, ndded to'fiis sfl ble and courteous manners, renders him o our people lovo to honor, and certainly I better, or more judicious selection cou 1 L 1_ iiuvo ucvii intuit-? ?? i ?-? Cotton Gina. We invite attention to the advertiseme of Mr. McCreight, of )j"w P*!* ran vouch for^Tti^^ffiQ^|E^HBBK?Lu our readers he can fiirnish^^HjJHA good Gins as can %A"procurod ffl^fflPPre. HT Messrs. Cureton Si Maaeey ha Aevcral tlipt of advertisements, in this pap ?though short they give much informatia , Bacon, Iron, Floor and every thing in tl Grocery llne'they have for sale. ^ [ *m m m m ?! A #_? IL - Al a. taw " 'Wna nun wimuy sent as he nui here of Arthurs Ciax*ttc, containing the 04 olueioo of-Mr. Hernt-Ume," wi4 Mr.Boo be to berry." wbioh wU! wWi wh I stab the story nest week. The eofcjoin letter ores sot Met fbr publication, bat show >9 wtwt rstintatfoo Arthurs Gazette * " # 4 I I I " L+mrnUmm a held by our friend, and at the Mine time for t a the purpose of doing Mr. Arthur what ser- ? n i vice we can, wc give it n plucc in our pa- i le per: i lt # Camdes, April 9, 1852. ' it r. S. Daily, E?q. ?Drar Sir: In your | t- last paper I see you want some numbers of * >r Arthurs Home Gazette. 1 take pleasure in ' supplying you with those you wish, and 1 is the two numbers received sineer. In this 1 v. package you will receive numbers 28, 29, 1 t on ....,1 oi IV j OV <111VI ?? I . ir I ntn glad you like tluit paj?er ho much, 1 )t It is, in my estimation..one of very best fam- I ly newspapers in the United St-tcs. so valu* t- ahle do I consider it that I t ke two copies, ic one to file, and one to (rf\c any friend who ' \h may desire it, or to whom I may recommend le it and wish to furnish with a specimen. If to my influence could have that < fleet, every r- house keeper in Ameeica. who is able to pay ig for it, and can read it or have it read, would be a subscriber. Mr. Arthurs teachings 5o have such a tendency to smooth down, sofc ten, and purify the roughness rind unevenly ness of our natures, that if any honest man, to will tell me, after rending it carefully ono n- year, that ho is not wiser, better, and more virtuous, I will agree to refund thesubscrippr tion money, and in sorrow set him down in u. my mind as a case most h pcloss of improve ir. ment. Id I have taken the paper from its commence* it mcnt. and have the file complete, which I r- prize highly. Its circulation now, is over ?h eighteen thousand copies. ii8 Hoping that your ledger in y prove a un benefit to the people of mv native District, av I remain, yours respectfully. *- J. R. hi. | Saturday, which is generally an pIj idle day with us, we paid a visit to the store jjp of Messrs. Billings and Belk. These gentleincn have a perfect museum opposite the w Court House, having almost everything, jn man, woman or child might need. Dry j. Goods. Hardware, Groceries. Saddlery, &c. See their advertisements. South Carolina Papers. yser We design to give a brief notice of the ler J . I different papers tn our State, showing in as i brief a manner as possible, the leading characteristics of each paper. I Thf. Charleston Courier.?This paper is published in Charleston, by A. S. Willingl ton & Co. Daily 810 per year: tri-weekly or wkjeor. Col. King, insisted oceasionin ?Uy bv Mr. Veadon, and constantly by Mr. ,,r Alexander Carroll4 formerly of the Palmetto n? State Bonne."- superintended the Editorial |,e department. Sii.'ee Mr. King's death, we it)t presume Messrs. YeaJoii arid ( arroll control |H. the paper. The Courier is about the best j lrt commercial paper in the State- It is a neujt tral paper, fearful at all times of rendering itself unpopular; and has always h. d 'he j0 largest subscription list of any paper in ti:e State. irt The Mercurv.?This paper is also pub? I -iished in Charleston. Daily <rll> per year; l" j tn-weekly $5 per year. Messrs. Hart and Taberurothe editors and proprietors. The tor Mercury is an enthusiastic advocate for Seiti | cession, and has contributed no little to fer?h ment the blood in the veins of the members of the Secession party. Still we adurire the j t, ? Mercury, and have always admired it for the . independent stand it hasurer taken. No ^ bribery can make it *wcrv?iTroin the course it has once taken. The Mercury is also the is ' organ of the Democratic party. * The Southern Stasdard?Ik C. Pressirs '?y. Editor, assisted by Dr. Skrino. Dailey j I,s j Ixt year; tri-weekly :i. and weekly a.! per year. This paper likewise is published J 511- in Charleston. During the excitement last !'s-' Spring. this paper win est blished to adlill v "re the intcri'iU of the Co-op r ition party, jt. and consequently is still devoted to their interests. The Srandard is one of the rtand,tt. j anl pipers of the St'te. .Mr. Presley and for I ssist >nt are not as h.zy s some of our upJr_ j per country brethren, but every copy we t(0 , receive, bears upon its/are the truth of their jf untiring exertions to make the St.iiid.-ud in|t.B ; teresting and instructive. to [ Evenikg News?W. Y, P ixtnn, l'roprieln tor. Dailey ?8 per year: tri weekly $4,and ho weoklv 9- per year. This paper is published in Charleston, and edited, we believe, : by J. N. Cardotto, Esq. The News is a CoI operation sheet; and from the editorials j which appear in every number, we judge the ^(y intellectual capacities of its worthy editor or | are as brilliant as they were in his more S. youthful days. There is more good logical vn reasoning in this paper than any paper in the m- [ State. y i Tejui-ekahcb Advocate, Ch .rleston?Ed,j " I win Ilerriott, Editor and Proprietor; pubn lished weekly at per year. Thi^iupcr is , devoted to the interests of the Tefflberanes "* I cause, hut also contain* articles on Agricul; tare, literature, &c. Mr. Bowman, of the State Banner, formerly edited this paper ' n<a but it has suffered no detriment under the no supervision of Mr. Ilerriot. Id; South Carolinian, Columbia?This paper is published daily at S?> per year; triweekly at $3, and weekly at $*J. Johnson it Cavis, Publishers and Proprietors?\V. j B. Johnson, Editor. nt The Carolinian is death on Co-operation, er and energetically, enthusiastically, and f.in*- ? ticall. in favor of Separate Secession. The re Carolinian is a good news pi|>er, in the strict ** literal sense of the word ; for in its columns will always be. found scraps of news which will interest every one. Mr. Johnson formve erly edited tb? Camden Journal. Ha is a er good, graeeful writer, very particular In rein gard to the othography and etymology of his fie editorials, thai In alm?d every csae they would be ? to be published in the Southern Quarterly. ?. n- PALMim Statb ^kncr, Columbia?J. O- C. Publisher and Proprietor. Jro, V 0. Bowman, Editor Tills pper Is pab ?> Ikhsd wssklyaft *3 peryeer sd Mr flrwam Is s food writer, bis sdfcoto rials read srett, sad ehsjtoteriie (1m satose hi to he s free, ??wr writer. We tffce thMl i *** .' * ' '1 C L . . 1 ' ** ,? ioine man aoid he never rubbed out word I Oil ifU-r he had written it; and that ia juat ibont the way we do. Mr. Bowman aleo ] leema to write ahead, and hia editorials dia- ^ play much thought and practical reasoning. 4?] The Banner formerly advocated the do?, Vl Irincs of the Secession party rlrut Mr. Wor* d* gnu, finding that party in the minority, aold Ihe political i^erest of the Banner to the Cooperation party. It is now a strong Co-operation sheet. Thi* States Rikiits Rr.rTBi.icAN iaa ^ kind of auxiliary to the Banner This is *<j published daily at 86 per year, and tri-week- -tfr ly at 83^er year. The Family Friexd, Columbia?8. A. j 1m Godmnn and J. J. Lyons Proprietor*?8. A. Godmnn Editor. The Friend is n striclJyv" Literary paper, and published weekly at #3 *f per year. There is no lit< nry paper South ^ of the Potomac Riv-r. v liioJi. i.e a literary Th ^ paper, gives the scbscrjhor flic toll worth of p his money more than this dn?w. -* * ! Jours At., Camden?T J. Warren. Editor j -o and Proprietor. This p p r is published ! Semi-Weekly at 83 50 p r vc r. and Week- H ly at 8'J- The Journal is . .Secession sheet, * f though for some months p *t. relaxing in severity towards the other p rty. It i**9 I J so quite a strenuous advocate of the Home- ' stead Law. rwlUrv. ftOrtSotono*9i\a/1 tnato in KU AIL. J Iiv UUIIVI w*vit>ioi ^ ? ? ?' ections, and his editorials evince consider*- ,j ble ability. His piper deserve* the patron- I njjc of the citizens of Korsh iw District .name ,3 \ particularly so. if his efforts were engaged <1 1 to put down the Homestead I aw instead i "t of sdvocatinjj it, This list will be resumed until nil of our exeh-,n<jes hive received the benefit of our ' criticisms. ?r 'jf q ei>itw'tahlk- y i ' - v .*< Sou. or TiiF. South, Colnmbua, Ga: . *rhis v. In ible agricultural paper wo have* V n roc.-ivod for April?the Mnrrh nwnher nev- if * er reached us. As usual it leWftR filled 1 > with valuable original article* ow agriculture. Published monthly nt $100 per year. When we first started our papes we sent one to the Agriculturist, Augusta Ga^ and' the publishers of that jounml' \0ty promptly sent us their February rtkirnbcfl"; itt'iV tHov requeated us to notice tlieie pnpeit which we did, and. although unsolicited^ pHHil> cd their prospectus. Sirs* tHen we hav^T not received the Agriculturist We haveheard of Northern Publishers being gtrffty .J / tv of such conduct, hut never before in a If Southern State karrwe knowu of n similar I n stance. 1 ? .i v Mk. Dork's (JouvVIin*.?We-twice tbe i following from the Edgefield) Adv?r- ft ltA*r ' / | The yield of of Mr, DornV goitf mine ? exciting, ha it should, sonux inliwit in the midst of dtir ritiena. True, tie eredulky of m* ocrosional reader is at. -ely IrWty the reports of his enormous profit*. Bit such persons should remember that MM| time* " truth is strong.*?stronger even ti;nti fiction." Ami although it may Mm "passing strange" that Mvb qnsntitM of gold should be found in theneold bask woodA of floulh CarnHnn, y$t it is never- " thelesa indubitaMy ^ulettantintefi, by mere than two or three witnesses, that such is I the fact. And the with holding ofthecredence of any one, he he ever ?'? .-cientifleor M Bhrewd does not weaken the fnCt one wbit. ?4 The King of Siam swore lliMtbe taaveHei,. w ho told him of ice was a lier, became . A he (the King) had never seen it. /Bat thia Aort of ratiocination won't pees in this great age?no, no. ^ B Below we give the sum and sob- Sstance of an exact and true aoooaot of B) j March. M Total produce, 20,167 pennyweigbto, , milking an average for each working day of alout 1,000 pennyweight*. ? This daily yield ia worth nearly ono / ^ i thousand dollars, which is proved hy | fact that 4,032 penvw. _rhts,; nlreadyjcafl 1 ried to the mint bv a re-[?>nsihb? 'ngeid has been sold for fc<-mething over &4.3<% ' Pretty fair, we repent, for 8 hands, in South Carolina diffiHiio! * ^ One of tin* first waltzes we leimtrt Mt make our flute discourse was called the * | "Silver Miner's Waltz." It is high lime, we think the "Gold Miner's" should bo composed. Where is friend Ogdea o4 Laurens memory! 'Since |>enning the foregoing rtmolau we learn that Mr. Lorn him hail tmBv in this places by a skilful" druggist, pounds of gold dUsk# There's the M fashioned weight for you. tp ,m \ Shocking affair.?a negrfrj^oy b*" 1 longing to mr. a bra in hit. ot this district, i a few days since, murdered his splitting her head open with an tie if whilst she was asleep. The reason be ?* n signs for so brutal an art is, that he lieed" U unhappily with her, ami jealousy promptill him to it. aftereominitu^i thetnur- i der, he mdkle no attempt to get out of the -way, hut informed his maa'.er of it, and of his own accord canm on h? the village sad gave himself up to the jailor, after a bill confession ot' the aft'a r. lie will be tried Is tore j. g. bask in, esq, on Wodaaiav This is one of the most cold lludMfv murders that ever occurred in our dkrid, A and argues on thf part of tha perpetrator a degree of madness bordering on iauilty. ?Abbeville Banner. J The Burlinrton Gazette states tint *. curious instance of the, reco*?ry of loot property occurred in thnt plncelMt week. In 1820 n lady lost some silver spoon*, and subsequently the funiily removed, but returned to their residence last winter. The gardener last week while diggiag in the garden turned up the spoons, which though A black and corroded, were recognized to be the same. A Who Caw Bkat It!?An Ox, fctUaed by Mr. John F r a n t ye* i d in^ne-v WiTmwU?ro' Franklin Co, T\i. Mfe&d last week * * slaughtered by that w*U know* butcher, Mr. Samuel Newman of this place, wrigta ing 906 p> imda, had a tafrgw aattidty fat (we have the authority mtmukKfcr sayiagso) than any other (0 p| tm , weight that has ever tw-c* iftaaigh *?L Bougfc fct m ibs-|mtonr fct m IW * ?total ifi lbs. a^ipln