Cost of Burials.
Late dispatches from Paris agree
that rot xraly 'the living are havin:
their housing problems, but the deac
have theirs too. Indeed, the authori
ties are greatly concerned over the
fact that the principal cemeteries of
Fr?nce are full, and that, as people
\ continue ( to have a habit of dying,
the situation is becoming more se
rious every day.
Plenty bf room could be found, of
course, for new cemeteries in the su
burbs of the capital, but the French
man shrinks in horror from the
thought of burying his dead in a re
mote place. Custom is strong in such
matters, and Parasians have always
been, accustomed to holding their fu
nerals in Paris. Were a burial to be
held in some graveyard ten miles out
side the city, as is frequent in
America (where the body .and the
mourners are transplanted in auto
mobiles or in specially adapted trol
ley cars) it would be a difficult mat
ter to arrange. Automobile hearses
don't exist, and few Frenchmen can
as yet reconcile them with funeral
solemnity. As for a funeral trolley
car, it is unthinkable.
A French funeral is a function,
every detail of which is fixed accord
ing to immutable formula. The only
variation permitted is in the class.
The rich have a "first class" funer
al, writh a splendid hearse, under
takers' flunkeys in gold lace, and car
riages for all the guests. Postillions
ride ahead of and alongside the
corpse'. In a second class funeral the
hearse is less splendid, the liveries
are ' less decorative, the guards are
? fewer and unmounted, and so on
down the scale until you come to the'
'fifth, sixth or seventh class, where
the undertaker furnishes only an
"open hearse with driver, and all the
mourners walk behind.
Burial in remote places would ne
cessitate revising the whole scheme
of things, so is not even considered.
But room must be found and where?
. Cremation was thought, when intro- '
duced some years ago, capable of af- '
fording some relief. Crematories ex
ist at some of the French cemeteries.
The Church, however, has not sanc
tioned the plan, and while the num
ber of non church and even anti-!
church people, is large enough to fur- j
nish the crematories with a large '
clientele, the expense has proved an ?
unsurpassable obstacle. It costs in
fact six hundred francs more to have
a body cremated than buried, unless
a "party of four" can be made up,
? when the expense is reduced to four
hundred francs apiece. But as many
critics point out, it is frequently dif
ficult to get your friends to go in
with you in a proposition of that :
kind. ^
A solution that is getting some at
tention is to change the method of
burial. Until now it has been the al
most universal custom to bury peo
ple in a horizontal position. Some
body with a turn for mathematics
has discovered that by placing the
coffins on end, much space is econo
mized. Three times as many burials
can be accomplished in a given space.
A curious fact about this discussion
is the* flippancy with which it is con
ducted. The topic has already fur- ;
nished numerous quips for the humor
ous papers and for the vaudeville ;
stake. It is indeed rather shocking to 1
an American, until 'he remembers :
that the French are just as much
shocked with the "simple solemnity"
of our own mourning customs.-Co- ;
lumbia Record.
Entangling Alliances.
After practically pledging the
United States to aid France, in case
she is ever attacked again by her an
cient German foe, Secretary Charles
Evans Hughes, in an impassioned ad
dress, we are told turned to face 1,
100 persons at the disarmament con
ference and, with uplifted hands, de
clared: "There is no moral isolation
for this country when liberty and
justice is attacked."
We imagin? Henry Cabot Lodge
sat very still when that declaration
was made by the chief of the Ameri
can delegation. It has njbt been long
since the Senator from Massachu
setts headed a blow that killed the
Versailles peace pact so far as this
country was concerned. And what
was the chief reason for this vicious
attack on that pact, except that it
entailed this country to enter a war
on foreign soil if'war came? 1
We suppose that Secretary Hughes
meant something when he spoke of
defense alliances and practically
pledged the support of the United
States to France if she should ever
need such support. We can not and
do not concede that the qualifying
word "moral" destroys the interna
tional meaning of the Hughes sen
tence. Certainly the Secretary of
State did not mean to split hairs by
declaring that if France should be at
tacked by Germ?ny at some time in
the future, this country would be sor
ry for France, but would stand by
and see France destroyed as it would
.ave been had not the United States
:ome to its aid when it did.
Mr. Hegnes pledges this country to
he extent of the power and influence
,f the Harding administration to go
;o the aid of France if she shall be
ittacked during the next three years.
)utside of that period he can go no
curther.'If this promise is not an.en
;angling alliance we do not know
what an entangling alliance is, and
/et the Republican party, with mal
ice aforethought defeated the Ver
sailles treaty because a' compact with
other nations for mutual defense
would be an entangling alliance. The
treaty to that effect negotiated by
Premier Clemenceau and President
Wilson was defeated because this na
tion turned its back "on it.
This left France only such protec
tion as it can get under the League
of Nations. 1 Everybody knows that
the League of Nations was dis
tressfully weakened by the fact that
this country refused, through tne
s.e,nate,\ to back up the treaty nego
tiated by the President of this coun
try. Now another administration prac
tically agrees to the same entangle
ment. Can this be the same Repub
lican party that rode into power on
that isspe, facing about and entering j
the Wilson garden by the back door?
If it isn't what 1s the distinguished
head of the American delegation
talking about,' anyway?-Columbia
Record.
Prepare Early for the Potato
Crop. '
In the South early preparation for
the Irish potato crop is important.
In case of the first crop everything
should be gotten ready so that it can
be planted \ast as soon as the proper
time comes and 'the ground is right
To have, then to plow >and prepare
the land, may reduce yield a half. A
rain may intervene and planting may
be delayed three or four weeks:
Where practical, '"the land should
be manured ' and plowed before
Christmas so that all that will T)e
needed in spring will be to harrow,
disk, roll and plant. It will have a fur
ther advantage in hastening the de
cay of the manure and the sod that is
turned under so that the potatoes
will get greater benefit from the
same. Plant early so that the crop
will have made its growth and formed
most of the tubers before the hot
weather of summer hits it.
In case of the second crop also
early forethought and preparation
are very important. Moisture must
be secured if the crop is to be a sue
cess. This is best assured by plowing
the land at least' a month ahead of
tinfe and keeping it fallow. A crim
son clover or rye crop turned under
in May or early in June in some sec- ^
tions may well precede the potato ?
crop. The land will then . have a
month or more to be harrowed and
the soil fined while it gathers mois
ture from the rains. . This kind of
preparation with good seed makes the
second crop a success nearly any
season.-Southern Agriculturist.
New State Taxes to be
i Advocated.
A one per cent tax on gasoline,
a one per cent sales tax, in lieu of
other state taxes, an occupation tax
and other license taxes, are advocat
ed by the state tax commission, in a*J^
statement issued today. Such taxes
would eliminate entirely all state
property taxes on property, county
and local assessments, according to
the tax^commission.
J. P. Derham, of the tax co?imis
sion, in speaking of the situation,
stated thaf he feels, as do other peo
ple of the state, that there should be
tax reforms; that the tax burden, as
it exists today, is bearing down-;in
the wrong way; that there should be
a remedy, he said, lies in providing
new sources of revenue. The taxes
on gasoline, sales, occupations of va
rious kinds, and'other-assets not now
being taxed, will be advocated before
the 1922 legislature which meets in
January.
"If additional sources of revenue,
such as these, were provided;1' Mr.
Derham stated, "it would make pos
sible the elimination entirely of the
present state tax levy on real and.
personal property. * The burden on
the small ^ home owner would be
lightened."
'The United States government is
not suppdrted by any property tax,
but by special taxes. A comparison
of the two tax systems reveals that
the state burden is infinitesimal,
compared with the federal govern
mental cost. In 1920 the federal gov
ernment in South Carolina' cost
$3.28 per capita, less than one per
cent of the federal taxation."
"But after all," Hr. Derham said,
"the state's tax burden is the small
est part of the taxes paid in South
Carolina. By far the largest portion
of the taxes paid in of which a large
part is for schools. The people vote
special levies at home and then com
plain of tne legislature making taxes..
In Charleston, for instance, the t?x
-7-?-: ~
levy, state, c?unty and city, is ove:
100 mills. Of this the legislature ha
to do with' only twelve mills, the stat?
levy. The people of Chaileston an
responsible for their tax, and it ii
for their benefit."-'Columbia, Record
Americans, We Are Proud ol
Our Stand On World
Peace.
.The world was stunned, literally
by the. proposals of America for th?
limitation of armaments, or rathe]
by the proposal that there be declar
ed a? ten-year holiday in the matter oi
building capital- ships by the three
great naval powers-Great Britain
the United States' and Japan. The
newspapers of this country have al
mo?t as a unit commented most fa
vorably upon the American propos
als; in fact, most of them enthusias
tically applaud them; and down here
in the South they will meet with as
cordial support as anywhere in this
country. If the program is adopted it
will mean that at the end of the ten
year period it will be be renewed foi
another tem and eventually it will be
the means of sending warfare for
ever from the earth.
The Chronicle cannot praise the
boldness, the frankness, and the ab
solute sincerity of the American pro
posals too highly. -We are now the
second naval ower, pur resource*,
are greater than any of the others.
In other words, if we wanted war we
could get ready for it on more gigan
tic a scale than any other countryV
With our mlilions of men capable of
bearing arms, with our already mag
nificent shipyards and with the "mon
ey and the harbors to build more and
more, we, the United States of Amer
ica, have laid our cards on the table,
taboo all secret diplomacy and say
"come in fellows, let's get together
and end|^ war." It is not to1 be sur
prised that it will be some days be
fore the rest of the world gets over
the shock. Indeed, it took Americans
themselves by surprise, while the dip
lomats of the older nations of the
world, accustomed to secret treaties
and alliances about which their own
people know little or nothing, were
no doubt stunned. That they have,
in guarded statements, expressed ap
proval of the American plan is dis-;
tinctly encouraging. .
Of course, it is a long way from the
present stage of the proceedings to
disarmament. There is a vast amount
of things to be worked out. There
must be concessions made on every
hand; there must be some giving and
taking in the interest of humanity it
self; in the interest of saving the
lives of future billions and saving bil
lions of dollars of property from dej-;
struction. But, with the memory of
the graves in Flanders and other Eu
ropean battlefields, with the thought";
of the thousands who went down fn
the brine of the Atlantic as the vic
tims of a merciless war, the states
men of. the woid dnow assembled at
Washington should certainly be lix
deadly earnest {to make the world
frSte/frorn such carnage in the future
as has blotted civilization in the past.
We feel hopeful over the peace
conference, very, hopeful, after the
magnificent . proposal of America
made at the very beginning. Indeed,
we are prouder than ever of Ameri
ca, proud she is assuming the lead in
the world of a world that must be
forever freed from the sword, just
as she is -ever in the lad in matters
that pertain to the benefit of all man
kind. There is no other nation like
us; we are young, free, with ideals
that none others possess. We have
pointed the way to peace and we can
not see how the nations of the world
can ever tolerate for a moment the
thought of permitting the vold order
to continue; of seeing one half of
the world armed to the teeth against
the other half. The Christian prin
ciples that the Son of man himself
has taught us, should be a beacon
that will lead us to the pursuits of
perpetual world peace and harmony
among the nations.-Augusta Chron?
?ele. \
- I .
FOR SALE: Iceberg and Boston
Head lettuce plants, now ready; 50c
per 100; 30c per 50.
lt. v Mrs. G. F. MIMS.
Few Dogs Being Registered.
Edgefield county has about 3,000
dogs, only 22 of which have been
registered for the tax of $1.25 im
posed by an act of the 1920 session
of the legislature. Dog owners have
until December 31st to register their
dogs. After that time dogs found
without tags on their collars, show
ing that they have been registered,
will be reported and their owners will
be liable to a fine not exceeding
$20.00, nor less than $5.00, half df
which goes to the person reporting
the delinquent and half to the school
district in which he lives.
J. L. PRINCE, -
County Treasurer.
Why I Believe in the Tractor
(?By Henry Ford.)
The reason why I believe that h
tractor has a great future ahead c
it is because I believe that it will ii
crease happiness and make life moi
worth liging for more people througl
out th.e world than any other devic
which has ever b?en given to mar
kind.
I believe it will-make farming whs
it' ought to be-the most pleasan
the most healthful and most profil
able business in the world.
This may at first appear - like, a
exaggeration, but when you thin
what the tractor will do for million
of people all over the world, it doe
not seem so.
Compare the Chinese coolie wh
works 14 to 16 hours a day, carryin;
great loads and who drops down, ea
hausted, in his hovel for a few hours
sleep only to awake and repeat th
daily grind-compare him with th
American manufacturer or workmai
who labors eight to ten hours a da;
usually under comparatively pleas
ant conditions and then goes hoim
with from 14 to 16 hours out of thi
24 in which to sleep, improve him
self and enjoy life. ,
( The difference between the two i:
this:. The coolie ?is working under th<
same conditions that men worked un
?der thousands of years ago, before
t|iey began to use their brains to de
vise machines'and harness power tc
work for them so that they mighi
produce more than they could wit!
their hands alone. ? .
The coolie earns little and mus?
work long hours because he produces
little with his' physical strength un
aided by power and machinery.
7 The American workman earns
more and works fewer hours because
pjower and machinery enable him tc
Produce more.
.; As a result, he gets more of the
things that he wants and more time
?i which to enjoy th?m. . The coolie
gets none of the things he wants with
the exception of enough food and
shelter to enable him to eke out a
mere existence. And he gets no time
m which to enjoy l\fe.
j Ip every age and in every section
bf the world the happiness and pros
perity of the people, generally speak
ing, -can be measured by their success
in devising machines and harvesting
power so that each individual can
produce more with less effort.
I And all this time producers .in
other fields were outdistancing him.
. Mining gradually came to be done
almost entirely by machinery.
. Manufacturers devised wonderful
machines with almost human intelli
gence and marvelous speed to' assist
them. A hundred years ago they har
nessed steam power as well as water
power to drive these machines, thus
multiplying ten to twenty fold the
productive capacity of each individ
ual.
And the result has been that the
farmer has been at a disadvantage. t
His production in proportion to
the amount of work expended has
been small compared with that of
the city manufacturer or workman.
It has been, limited by the physical ef
forts of slow moving, costly main
tained horses. >
'"' The life of a plowman and Inc joys
ol his existence may be poetic-to a
poet a lon'g way off. But there is noth
ing more tiresome-more deadening
to the mind and ambition than to
tramp mile after mile and hour after
hour in a furrow following a slow
moving team of horses with only an
occasional whack in the ribs from the
plow handle* to vary the monotony.
. This is not theory with me, for I
was born and raised on a farm and
have followed the plow many a weary
mile. I have been both a farmer and
a manufacturer. So I know what an
advantage power and machinery has
given to the latter.
..Can you imagine anything moi
wasteful or inefficient for an intelli
gent man to be compelled to spend
days and days following a slow mov
ing team without a chance in the
world of using his brains or his in
itiative to speed up that work beyond
the leisurely rate at which the horses
choose'to navigate?
" 'And then at the end of the day
what has he to show for his 12 to 14
hours of labor? An acre or two of
ground plowed up.
Imagine a modern manufacturing
concern producing under such condi
tions.
And the result has been that each
individual farm worker h?s been able
to. produce so little that he has had
to work long hours, even to get his
30 to 50 dollars a month and board.
Is it any wonder that farmers and
farm workers have left the farm
where they could get neither the
thingsthey want or the time to en-,
joy them and have gone to the city
where,'by the aid of power and ma
chines, they have been able to pro
duce more and thus get more of tne
things they want and more leisure tj
enjoy life?
vx . ,
AIM TO ANALYZE
MARKET REPORTS
"Bulk of Sales" Quotations Are
likely to Prove Confusing
to Many Farmers. /
FIGURES WILL VARY WIDELY
On Day Wheh Low-Grade Hogs Are
Neglected Higher Grade Anima!?
Are Finding Ready Sale at
Attractive Prices.
-
(Prepared by the United States Depart
\ ment of Agriculture.) ,
"Bulk of sales" quotations appear
ing in live-stock market reports are
likely to, pn/ve confusing to the farm
er who atterjpf.s to keep liimsetf in
formed on selling conditions, yet a
present-day market report would not
be complete without such quotations.
K the farmer confines his attention
only to "bulk" and "top" sales, and
ignores the factors of quality and
weight in the market receipts, he ls
almost sure to form a wrong opinion
of the actual market conditions, say
market specialists of the United
States Department of Agriculture. I
May Vary From Day to Day.
Bulk of sales figures should always
be studied In conjunction with the
quotations on grades which are btised
on weight and quality. The bulk of
sales figures-may vary widely from
day to day without "indicating that the
market is unstable. This situation
frequently arises from a limited trade
in low-grade hogs on the same day .
that high-grade animals are finding,
ready sale. The butte of sales quota
tion for such ao'day will reach a rela
tively high figure. On the following
day a larger number of low-grade ani
mals may be included In the sales and
the higher gradey neglected, with the .
result'that the bulk of s?les quota
tions will be far below that of the
preceding report. On sessions when
the average quality of the animals of
fered is low1 the bulk of sales report '.
will reflect this condition, and the ;
farmer who has animals ready for ?
shipment may be misled as to the
actual state of affairs, unless he takes
into account the other factors which
have an important bearing. Because
the bulk of sales report from one mar- ;
ket is much lower than that from an- ?
other city he may decide to ship his <
product to the market which appears
to offer the highest prices. As a, mat
ter of .fact, for the grade that he.hafe
to offer, the market quoting the lower .
bulk figures may offer the higher price
to him.. It is undoubtedly true that
country buyers often take advantage .
of low bulk of sales reports to depress/ I
nurchasing prices In their localities. 1
The Wise Farmer Learns to Analyze H
His Daily Market Report. U
This can be done if the farmer is
In the dark as to the quality of the
stock comprising the bulk transac
tions.
Shows Quality and Grades.
To be of practical use to the farmer,
the bulk of fales quotations must be
considered with the knowledge of what.
Is being offered for hogs of various
grades and .qualities. Studied in this
way the' bulk of sales reports are of
material value, for theyshow the qual
ity und grades that make up the prin
c.pal supply at any market for any
period. Bulk quotations also give 0
more lucid idea of general trade con
ditions on those sessions of ? the mar
ket when the values from the opening
to the closing vary widely.
The clarification and standardiza
tion'of market reports and classifica
tions throughout the whole country is
one of the big tasks on which the bu
reau of markets, United States De
partment of Agriculture, is working.
When this has been accomplished and
the live-stock trade begins to grade Its
receipts with reasonable uniformity
the need for bulk of sales quotations
will not be nearly so great as at
present
NECESSITY GOOD FOUNDATION
FarmersN interested in Co-operative
Organisation When Facilities
Are Lacking.
Necessity Is a good foundation for
a co-operative organization. If the
farmers in your community feel a
need for an organization they will be
Interested In lt, unite with It, support
'it Tilla need may show itself In a
lack or marketing facilities or unsat
isfactory marketing conditions.
Trespass Notice.
Notice is hereby given th^t hunt-'
ing 'and all manner of trespassing
jpon my land is prohibited and the
aw will be enforced against 4ll per
sons who fail to heed this notice.
This is meant for everybody, without
any exception.
Mrs. ELLEN W. STROTHER.
11-9
"Trespass Notice.
Notice is hereby given that al]
hunting, fishing and traspassing of
every manner whatsoever on the y
land of the undersigned is hereby
prohiblted. Cattle must not be allow
ed to run at large on land.
" W. A. CARTLEDGE.
For S. F. Cartledge.
ll-23-3tpd Colliers, S. C.
Eyes scientifically examined and
glasses properly fitted. ,K
GEO. F. MIMS,
Optometrist-Optician,
Edgefield, S. C.
J. S. BYRD
Dental Surgeon
Office Over Store of
Quarlei & Timaierman
?ffi ce Phone No. 3
Residence Phone 87
STRAYED: A fine young Jersey
heifer, butt-headed, strayed from
my premises about the first of No
vember. Any information will "oe
appreciated. I have for sale a steer
four years old. .
11-9 - M. G. PARKER.
COTTON 25 CENTS A POUND!
F. O; B. Columbia, S.,C, in exchange
for tuition; Act quick. Bowen's Bus
iness College, Columbia, S. C.
ll-23-2t. .
WANTED: Peas. Any?ne having
peas to sell, bring or send. tov the
store of R. M. Durst, Johnston, S.
C., where I will purchase. ,
H. C. STROTHER,
Johnston, S.. C.
FOR SALE: Spread-On cenemt
Cor painting gutters and metal roofs,
guaranteed for ten years. An oppor
tunity to get a first-class ro'of paint
it a low price. Apply at The Adver
ser Office. ,
Lombard
Foundry, Machine, Boiler
Works and Mill Supply
House "?
AUGUSTA / GEORGIA
Cotton Oil, Gin, Saw, Grist, Cane,
Shingle Mill, Machinery Supplies and
?epairs, Shafting,( Puileys, Hangers,
5rate Bars, Pumps, Pipe, Valves and
fittings, Injectors, Belting, Packing
Jose, etc, Cast every day.
GASOLINE AND KEROSENE
ENGINES
Pumping, Wood Sawln? csd Feed
Grinding Outfits
WEAK, NERVOUS,
ALL RUN-DOWN
?k.
Missouri Lady Suffered Until She.
Tried CardnL-Says' "Result
Was Surprising."-Got Along,
Fine, Became Normal
and Healthy.
Springfield Mo.-"My back war iv
weak I could hardly stand up, and 1
would have bearing-down pains and
was not well at any time," says Mrs.
D. V. Williams, wife of a well-known
farmer on Route 5, this place. "I
kept getting headaches and having to
go to bed," continues Mrs. Williams
describing the troubles from which
she "obtained relief through the use of
CarduL "M* husband, having heard
of Cardui, proposed getting it for me.
"I saw after taking some Cardui
... that I was Improving. The result,
was surprising. I felt like a different
person. r
"Later I suffered from weakness
and weak back, and felt all run-down.
I did nob rest well at night,.!,was so
nervous and cross. My husband. said
he would get me some Cardui, which
he did. It strengthened me ... My
doctor said I. got along fine. I was in
good healthy condition. I cannot
say too much for lt"
Thousands of women have suffered
as Mrs. Williams describes, until they
found relief from the use of Cardui.
Since it has helped so many, you
should not hesitate to try Cardai u>
troubled with womanly ailments. .
For sale everywhere. BUS