Valuable Paper on Edegfield County in 1876 by Mr. Francis Simkins. (Continued from second page.) and yrite some in favor of Hamp ton." On August 15:, the Democratic convention met in Columbia, all del egates sincerely united in advancing the interests of the white race, but still divided as to the better policy to secure this end. Applause from the floor and the crowded galleries greet ed every word councilling unity. On the second day, the battle between delay and action was fought to a fin ish, the debate being between Butler, Gary, Lipscomb and DePass, of Ker shaw on one hand, and Conner, of Charleston, on the other. By a vote of eighty-eight to sixty-four the Edgefield leaders were triumphant. Butler, then amid enthusiasm nomi nated Hampton for governor. There was no other person in South Carolina better fitted than this nominee for the role of arousing white sentiment and of convincing Northern opinion of the liberal in tentions of his party. Hampton was the wealthy son of an illustrious and aristocratic house in the state of strong aristocratic traditions. His as sociation with the Confederacy as ranking officer from South Carolina and as sometime chief of cavalry (in the moment of defeat) made him dear to the hearts of a people who sherished so passionately a Lost Couse. He was of handsome physique a leader o? men without military train ing, and was filled with enthusiasm for the cause of white supremacy. To appeal to the negTo and Northern opinion were qualities of moderation not possessed by Gary and Butler. He always cherished a sincere love for the black man in the role of me niel; he had opposed Secession and was ready to boast the fact that he had early advocated Southern acqui escense in the recent amendments to the constitution of the United States, giving the negro full civil rights. But for his moderating influence, the plans of the South Carolina revolu tionists might have failed. Yet Hampton was by no means possessed of those full qualities of genius with which his uncritical ad mirers have since endowed him. He was a most ordinary speaker with little variety of utterance. He was possessed of a limited intelligence. Like the Julius Caesar of Shakes peare, his was a name, and personal ity to conjure with; others possessed of less reputation and more powers of understanding and action were destined to supplement the move ment of which he was nominal head by the use of qualities that he did not possess. In the opinion of Ball and Tillman, he went to his grave be lieving that his powers of eloquence in the canvass of the state converted enough negroes to secure his elec tion. The Democratic plan of campaign moved on two lines of strategy: The first was ih.2 Hampton canvass of ovations and words which served to arouse the whites and play upon the sentiment of the North. This supple mented by the real and effective use of force which was effectively hidden beneath the Hampton pageant. By these methods, in which the Edgefield leaders took leadership, the campaign of 1876 was won, and not by the oratory of Hampton. I shall there fore omit from my article consider ation of the canvas that opened at Anderson and closed in Columbia. Back of the conservative speech es of Hampton and the moderate editorials of Dawson was the deter mination of the advocates of the Straight-Out Policy to drive the Re publicans from power by the contin ued prudent use of force. For this purpose military clubs, which as early as 1867 had been recognized, as harmless social clubs, were by the summer of 1876, multiplied into for midable military organizations that in reality performed in their way, more of the functions of governmenn than the government; in Columbia. They were by express statute out lawed. The ostensible purpose of their .existence was the protection of whites against black organization then a real danger; their more im mediate purpose was to strike terror into the hearts of the black majori ty. Babbit, Chamberlain's private sec retary, enumerates with places or or ganization and names of officers287 of the "rifle clubs," "artillery com panies" and "red shirt brigades." In five counties no data could be obtain ed concerning their organization ow ing to the risk of securing informa tion. Multiplying 287 by 50 (average number in company) we have 14,350 men duly enrolled. We are safe in! concluding that the actual number of men included all the white males able to ride. Edgefield County led the list with thirty-five of these companies; Aiken came next with twenty-nine. Their activity consisted of: First, breaking up or disturbing Republi can meetings; second, defensive and offensive action against negroes guil ty of crimes; third, dexterous action on election day; fourth, making Chamberlain's attempts to be govern or of more than the state house a de facto farce. The first of these numer ated lines of activity demands detail ed treatment. On August 12, three days before the Democratic convention, the prac tice of forcibly disturbing Republi can meetings as first resorted to in Edgefield by six hundred mounted and fully armed white men under the leadership of Butler and Gary. Gov ernor Chamberlain, Judge Mackey, and Robert Smalls, a colored mem ber of congress-the speakers of the I day-were forced to listen to the two Edgefield Generals, backed by the drawn pistols of their retainers, roundly denounce the governor. Chamberlain's speech was interrupted by jeers. Butler replied in bitter words in which he demanded that the charges of the governor concern ing the Hamburg Riot be proven. The third speaker, Mackey, fearful of the personal safety of the Republican leaders, was very mild in his words. While he spoke the improvised stand collapsed. The last speaker, Gary, ac cused Chamberlain of fraud and per sonal dishonor. He, at a later meeting declared "that the Democrats would carry this county peaceable, but car ry it they would." Chamberlain left the village of Edgefield in hot haste, never to return. At a later date on which he was scheduled to speak here', the train en route was searched vain ly at every station by armed men in search of the illusive governor. The conduct of interrupting Republican meetings, begun in Edgefield was re peated in Newberry, August 18, and at almost every meeting at which Re publicans tried to speak. Only at Chainhoy, Charleston County, did the negroes get the better of the day; there the whites were driven away and six of their number killed. The effect of this practice of di viding time is obvious. The Republi can orators and audiences were frightened into a timid campaign of defense. The governor himself, the equal of any South 'Carolinian in peaceful debate, became thoroughly frightened by the "rebel yell" and the open display of revolvers. The timid leaders became so discomfort ed that the Union Herald, Chamber lain's organ, declared: "Public meet ings are not necessary to arouse Re publicans or inform them." , Cham berlain's frequent trips north during the heat of the campaign were ascrib ed to fear. The conduct at Hamburg bore in another riot in Aiken County known as the Ellenton Riot; impor tant because the series of events growing out of it lead to the procla mations of the governor and the pres ident of the United States demanding the dispersion of the rifle clubs. These orders were not obeyed. On August 17 came the war department order to General Sherman ordering the dis patch of all available troops in the military district of the Atlantic, to South Carolina as reinforcements to the eight companies of 589 officers and enlisted men already in the state. General Ruger, the general in command at Columbia, divided the troops sent to him, which on election day consisted of 1,526 in all, into sixty-seven different units distribut ed throughout the state. 113 men were sent to Edgefield, the largest contingent except at headquarters.* All evidence indicates that the tem porary benefits derived from the re inforced military occupation mpre than offset effect expressed in the justified alarm of those fearful for civil liberty and government. Accord ing to General Conner the troops did not in any instance interfere with the voting. The Democratic members of the committee later charged with the investigation of the situation in South Carolina in 1876 said that the bear ing of the troops was "prudent and wise." The testimony of B. R. Till man is to the same effect. The troops, in fact, resolutely refused to inter fere with either side by force pre venting the other from voting. While they were in the state there was only one serious riot. Hampton's advice to the people of Aiken to submit was obeyed. The people of Charleston feted the gentlemanly West Point officers. Intense excitement and remarka ble good order prevailed on election day, November 7, 1876. The slowly arriving returns indicated as doubt ful who had a majority .Robbins Box Barnwell county, having been thrown out. There the voting place had been fired upon, and the box removed to an abandoned school house from (Continued on sixth page.) *Reynolds, Reconstructionn in S. C. is in error when he says 5,000 troops were in state. For Sale and Rent. I have Some good mules, a nice mare, some Jersey cows and farm tools for sale at attractive prices. Also wagons and a practically, new buggy. My home dwelling with water and modern fixtures, farm well, fenced and several pastures, for rent. Will give a desirable working man a good chance. Come and see. G. D. MIMS, 10-12-2t. Clarks Hill, S. C. FOR SALE: One fine pointer bitch, well broken, good qualities. 10-5-2t S. W. MILLER. The Edgefield Mercantile Company offers its entire stock of buggies, wagons, furniture, rugs, stoves, etc., at unheard of prices for cash. Come one and all and see our goods and prices and buy what you have needed for a long time.-Advertisement. Notice of Sale of Real Estate. In the District Court of the United States for the Western District of South Carolina. In the matter of S. J. Neal, bank rupt. Pursuant to an order signed by S. M. Smith, Esq., Referee in Bank ruptcy, I will proceed to sell at pub lic outcry in front of Edgefield Court House, at Edgefield, South Carolina on November 7th, 1921, the follow ing described realty: . Tract No. One : That tract contain ing two hundred acres, more or less, in Edgefield County, Ward Township, and bounded by lands of Huiet, Wil liams, Clark, Neal, Holmes and being on the Augusta-Columbia road and known as the Jack Holmes Mill Place. Tract No. Two: That tract being in Edgefield Counnty, Ward Town ship, containing twenty-three acres, more or less, and bounded by Neal, Lott, Posey, and being a part of the S. J. Neal estate. Terms of Sale: One-half cash and the balance in one year or all cash at the option of the buyer. Any information relative to the above may be had by applying to the undersigned at Edgefield, South Caro lina. O. B. ANDERSON, Trustee. 10-12-3t. County Treasurer's Notice. The County Treasurer's office will be open for the purpose of receiving taxes from the fifteenth day of O?-? tober, 1921 to the fifteenth day of March, 1922. All taxes shall be due and pay_ aWe between the fifteenth day of October, 1921 and December the thirty first, 1921. That when taxes charged shall not be paid by December the thirty first, 1921 the County Auditer shall pro ceed to add a penalty of one per cent, for January and if taxes are not paid on or before February the first 1922, the County Auditor will proceed to add two per cent, and five per cent additional, from the first of March to the fifteenth of March, after which time all unpaid taxes will be collected by the Sheriff. The tax levies for 1921 are as fol lows: Mills For State purposes_12 For Ordinary County_ll For Past Indebtedness_5 For Constitutional School tax__3 For Antioch _8 For Bacon School District_14 For Blocker _8 For Blocker.Limestone_4 For Colliers _}4 For Flat Rock_8 For Oak Grove_3 For Red Hill_8 For Edgefield _10 For Elmwood No. 8_8 For Elmwood No. 9_2 For Elmwood No. 30 _2 For Hibler _8 For Elmwood L. C._3 For Harmony _3 For Johnston_16 For Meriwether (Gregg) _2 For Moss _3 For Brunson School_4 For Ropers_1_2 For Shaw_4 For Sweetwater_v'_4 For Talbert_8 For Trenton ._14 For Wards _ 8 For Wards No. 33_4 For Blocker R. R. (portion_6 For Elmwood R. (portion_6 For Johnston R. R._3 For Pickens R. R._3 For Wise R. R._3 For Corporation_30% All male citizens between the ages of 21 and 60 years, except those exempt by law, are liable to a poll tax of One Dollar each. All owners of dogs are required to pay the sum of $1.25 for each dog of the age of six months or older. This is not included in the property tax but a tag must be purchased from the County Treasurer for each dog be tween October 15, and December 31, of each year. The law prescribes that all male citizens between the ages of 18 and 55 years must pay $4.00 commuta tion tax. No commutation is included in the property tax. So ask for read tax receipt when you desire to pay road tax. Time for paying road tax will expire February i, 1922. v J. L. PRINCE, Co. Treas. E. C. 3 Car Owners w? hardest; more gu powerful carcass. Skid tread with a sure traction. F the car owners. Recon Cord Tires buil way could not f mileage. Every da the country, comes 10,000, 20,000 or ? frequent and con Firestone Tire & Rubber C Jacksonville Branch, acksonville, Florida. Gentlemen : I submit herewith the h ?tone Cord tire. This tire I have retreaded it seven mileage to each retread ing was about 7.DOC. I think you will agree this is a remarkable record. It is especially unusual as I know the owner to be a severe driver. How ever, he gives his tires proper inflation. The tire in question is not yet out of service and has every indication of bein; ?ufneiently strong for an other retread. I am mailing photographs un der separate cover. C. ?. Pennty, Plant City, Fla. YONCE Lombard Foundry, Machine? Boiler Works and Mill Supply House AUGUSTA GEORGIA Cotton Oil, Gin, Saw, Grist, Cane, Shingle Mill, Machinery Supplies and Repairs, Shafting, Pulleys, Hangers, Grate Bars, Pumps, Pipe, Valves and Fittings, Injectors, Belting, Packing Hose, etc Cast every day. GASOLINE AND KEROSENE ENGINES Pumping, Wood Sawing esd Feed Grinding Outfits Eyes scientifically examined and glasses properly fitted. GEO. F. MIMS, Optometrist-Optician, Edgefield, S. G. J. S. BYRD Dental Surgeon Office Over Store of Quarles & Timmerman ^ Office Phone No. 3 . Residence Phone 87 PURE BRED DUROC JERSEY -HOGS I am breeding nothing but absolutely Pure Bred Duroc hogs, all registered, and have pigs, both sexes, ready for delivery. Edgefield farmers can get the BEST in hogs right at home, without paying express. Express is a big item now. See or write me. W. E. B. Tompkins, Edgefield, S. C. Route 3. Only One "BROMO QUININE** Co get the genuine, call (or full name, LA.' UVE BROMO QUININE. Look for signature ol S. W. GROVE. Cures a Cold in One Day, Stops cough and headache, and works off cold, 25c nary mt more rubber on the tread where the wear is m between cord plies to perfect a resilient and And they want a scientifically constructed Non ill angles and contacts to resist skidding and give irestone Cord Tires have met these demands of Read Letters Below is from 29,000 to 57,000 Miles t the Firestone Now and then they are empha ail to produce sized by unusual instances such y, from all over as quoted g below. . Performances ? the word that like these demonstrate the ulti. 10,000 miles are mate possibilities of Firestone sistent records. Cords under careful driving. Sept 10, 1921 _ " . r s^Pfc 2- 19M u The Harvey E. Mack Co., Thirteenth Sc Harmon Place, Minneapolis. Gentlemen : ?story of m 33x4 Fire- . It occur? to me that you ?Jrtt b? j?* .ereitid has run 57,000 miles. ?J the mileage that I obtained from ?Le set Of times. The averaee Firestone Cord tires on my Dodje coup?. The first tire went over 21, j ' i OSO railes. The second 30X3J/2 ?R^tSUfer1* i^rJcT-r ^ JZTl ' 8 chains. The two front NfOJtM S KI 113 m fi tires have Eone bett.* rvvrrn A. - , _ -g-, than 35,000 miles and aie p*. /y i. Jtv. uaw fl expect to get at lea: t fi ?SS n 40,000 miles from each cf i JL 6" ^? ^?LJrr them. I need scarcely Jj "T* ?Hana? say ^at y,,, Firestone I In thu fabric tire as in our cord tires Cord will be my tirs I only Firestone resources and exaeri- choice for the future. ence can provide this quaaty at this *?ft&|?Bfc. i pnCe* Mi-n*??oSs. & MOONEY, Edgefield, S. C. Consult Your Own Interest by Consulting Us When Buying Metal or Composition Roofing Mantis, Tiling, Grates Trim Hardw ar Wall Board Doors, Sash, etc. FROM Youngblood Roofing and Mantel Company 635 Broad St. Telphone 1697 AUGUSTA, GEORGIA THE FARMERS BANK OF EDGEFIELD, S. C. Capital and Surplus.$175,000.00 SAFETY AND SERVICE IS WHAT WE OFFER TO THE PUBLIC Open vour account with us for th*? v*?ar 1921. Invest your savinp? in one of our Interest Bearing Certificates of Deposit. Lock boxes for rent in which to keep your valuable pa per?, etc. All business matters referred to us pleasantly and carefully handled. We Solicit Your Business.