Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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E GROWING DEMAND FOR SANITARY MILK Splendid Type of Dairy Cow-Note the Raw, Rough Backbone and Hip; Large, Smooth Udder; Thin, Long Neck; Broad Forehead and Nose, and Big BarreJ of Bread Basket-Dairy Cow ls Not Necessarily Pretty Ani mal; She ls a Machine to Convert Feed Into Milk and Butter. (By W. A. STOCKING. Jr.) There is a steadily, and in many places a rapidly growing demand for cleaner and more wholesome milk, both fpr direct consumption and for the production of butter, cheese and other milk products. This demand will continue to grow just as rapidly as the milk-consuming public comes to realize the Importance of using milk which has been produced under healthful, sanitary conditions, and the dangers which may accompany the use of milk which has been produced and handled under conditions both insani Right Kind for Milk. tary and unhealthful. Many progres sive dairymen are awake to this call for an improved quality of milk, and are desirous of knowing how to meet it. The increasing interest and im portance of this question has led the experiment station in nearly every state in the Union to undertake the work of finding out through careful ex periments the best methods of produc ing good milk. Various methods of clarifying milk, such as straining, filtering, sedimenta tion, and the use of centrifugal ma chines, have been employed both in this country and in Europe. Some of these have been fairly successful In removing both dirt and bacteria, but none has proved entirely satisfactory. One important objection to such meth ods of handling milk, especially in the small dairy, is that they require con siderable time, and some of them ad ditional machiner^', and thus add to the cost of production. It ls much more important, however, to go far ther back than this, and to prevent I the dirt from getting into the milk at j all, because much of it dissolves read ? ily In the warm milk, cannot be re moved, and thus contaminates the milk with both filth and the bacteria of the dirt. It is necessary, therefore, to secure some means whereby the dirt can be originally excluded. It has been found that if the stables are well cleaned and ventilated and exposed to sunlight, if the cows are kept well brushed and cleaned; if, just before milking, the parts of the cow immediately above and around the pail are washed or wiped with a damp cloth, and if the milker ls clean, wears clean clothes, and 'ises sterile uten sils, the quantities ot dirt and bacteria which get into the milk are greatly reduced. A number of devices for excluding the dirt have been tried in this coun try and in Europe. One of the sim plest and most practical of these ls a milking pail with a cover which re ducer the area of the surface exposed during the milking. In order to test the efficiency of such a pail for keep ing out dirt that would fall into an open pail, experiments were carried on at the Connecticut experiment sta tion which resulted in the following: The amount or dirt in the milk from the covered, pail was only 37 per cent of that in the open pall. By the use of the covered pail an average of 29 per cent of the total number of bacteria and 41 per cent of the acid-producing bacteria were excluded from the frer.h milk. DRAIN SOGGY SPOTS ON FARM i CARE FOR WATERMELON CROP Wet, Marshy Places Are Not Only In convenient to Work Around, but Are Expensive. (By DANIEL SCOATES. Mississippi Ex periment Station.) Couldn't you turn into money-mak ing patches those soggy spots on your farm-marshy spots, where the young corn turns yellow and has the "drowned-out" look? Such spots are not only inconvenient to work around, but are expensive as well. Tile drains, as a rule, have proved to be the most economical form of drainage, as they last indefinitely and give satisfactory returns. Usc good tile. Use an engineer's level in putting In your tile. Use 4-inch tile or larger for ordinary purposes. Have the sice of your mains calcu late! Before you cover your tile test the grade with a level to see that the drain has the proper fall. Protect your outlet? against caving banks and burrowing animals. Qet assistance in putting in tile If you don't understand how it ia done. KEEP DAIRY UTENSILS CLEAN Vessels Ueed for Milk Should Never Ba Ustd for Any Other Purpoaa Keep Free From Flies. Tba latenaila used for milk should never be mada usa ot for aar other purpose. They should always ba scalded after using, and placad whare they will ha free from filas. Unclaaa paila naas dirty milk filled with dla* eaaa germ?. Keep tba milk dean. a> rauta Pram Petatees, Potato** wbioh ara plantad bator? sprouts form usually asad sp ona Tim orous sprout per aya; whan sprouted before planting thar send up a um ero ac sprouts par eye sod aerar so bardy an* stocky a? thor flrsfc ona. Vegetables for Nana. ! Turnips, pejapklas, partage, atc* sra eaten with fraatsr rollah by tba hana whan thar aro cooked, thoroughly mlaed with a mash ?ai fad atoamlas bot Frequent Cultivation ls Recommended by C. K. McQuarrie of Florida Experiment Station. Frequent cultivation for water melons is recommended by C. K. Mc Quarrie of the Florida experiment sta tion. They should be plowed with some shallow-running tool until they cover tho ground. At the last culti vation some hay crop should be plant ed between the rows. A legume Ia pre ferred. Mr. McQuarrie does not rec ommend the planting of watermelons in raised hills, except on flatwopds. The hills soon dry out below the seed and they will not germinate. On high land it would probably be better to plant in a furrow. The hill not only retards germination, but it confines the root system of the plants when they come up. FREAK VARIETIES OF FRUITS Home Orchard lat Should Bs Satlafied With Standard Classes-New Kinda Ara Risky. (By C. W. RAPP. Department of Horti culture A. & M. College. Stillwater.) New and freak varieties ot fruits are frequently "told bricks." A new or freak variety of fruit baa no placa on the average farm. Tba boma or* chard 1st should be contented with tba standard varieties. Thea, whan bis trees come Into bearing, ha will hara a real orchard. If nsw or freak va rieties ara planted they will In about nina eases out ot ten be worthless. Tba farmer should save hia money and loara tba test lng ot unknown varie ties to those who csa afford to do tt. Leter ba caa profit by their expert* enea. SHIPPING THE YOUNO CHICKS Hot Mara Than Fifty Should Be Placed In One Las-Caver Fleer af Box With Burlap? When ab! pp m* day-old chicks de aol tat more than fifty la one lot, ead al* ways corar the floor ot the box wttb burlap, tacked at tba edfea, so thai tba little tallowa aaa net a foothold when the box lo tipped and act be thrown lato a corner and some injured, SAVE ALL FERTILIZER Concrete Pits Advocated for Storage of Manure. Enormous Amount of Waste in Fertil ity Prevented-Clear Dimensions of Convenient Pit and Directions for Building. The use of concrete on the farm is long past the experimental stage. It is a necessity. The first cost of con crete is higher than for structures built of wood, but concrete is much cheaper in the long run. For maintaining or restoring the fertility of the fields, there is nothing better than barnyard manure. 3y the ordinary methods of piling manure on the ground or storing it in wooden pens or boxes, 30 to 50 per cent of it3 fertility is lost. This loss is brought about in two ways: First, by leaching or washing due to heavy rains;, sec ond, by fermentation or heating caused by lack of sufficient moisture. Since concrete pits are waterproof, manure ! may be kept in them as moist as may be necessary and such an enormous waste in the fertility of the manure may thus be entirely prevented. One load of manure from a concrete pit is worth Vfc to 2 loads of manure as usually stored. Moreover, with con-i crete pits the supply of manure is in-1 creased by all the liquid manure, the! richest part, from the barn gutters and feeding floors. Shallow manure pits do very well! where the manure can be frequently hauled to the fields. The walls and floor should be five inches thick. The clear dimensions of a convenient pit are: Depth, 3 feet; width, 6 feet; length, 12 feet. Dig the trench 3 feet 5 inches by 6 feet 10 inches by 12 feet j Manure Pit Forms. ten Inches. By keeping the sides ver- j tical only an inside form will be need ed. Have enough w:oven-wire fencing IV* feet long to cover the bottom of the pit. Lay the wire with an even division of the extra length, so that it may project upward into the side walls. The wire is laid after two inches thickness of concrete has been put in. The remaining three inches should be tamped in after the wire has been placed. Remove the forms after the concrete has set four days. The pit may be used after ten days. rflt? Where manure is to bo stored for a considerable length of time, larger pits or basins are required. Such pits are seldom made over five feet deep (in the clear at the deeper end) and are wide enough that the manure may be loaded on a spreader in the pit and ! drawn up a roughened concrete In-j cline or run. The slope for such a run must not be steeper than one foot up to four feet out. In laying out the large pit bear in mind that the concrete walls and floors should be eight inches thick and make due allowance for same when digging. With a spade trim the sides and the deep end vertical. In order to form a 3ump hole from which the liquid manure can be j pumped, in one corner at the deep end Manure Pit With Trough. of the pit dig a hole 18 Inches deep by 2% feet in diameter. Do not forget that dirt In the con crete may make a poor wall, so if the top of the earthen wall tends to crum ble hold lt back with one-inch boards braced against the forms. To keep out flood water, the pit may be extended Bix inches above the ground by using the lower half of a one-foot board to hold back the dirt, by a Ho win g tho, re rnainder to project abore the ground level, and by adding six Inches to tho height of the inside form. BEST KIND OF WIRE FENCING Mue h Dependo on Purpose for Which Fence lo Intended-General-Pur? .ooo Pabrio Favored. Tho best kind of wire fencing to erect depende on the purpose for which tho fence ls used. On a fara whore mixed types of UTO stock are kept a general-purpose woven-wlro fabric ls needed. If only cattle and horses aro to bo pastured, a coarser sad leos expensive wovon fence can be used. When fencing ls needed to In ctoso extensivo pastures W&oro .only cattle-.or horses aro to be''kepY the excessive cost of a woven-wlro fence would not make its uee desirable, for looseo of stock by Injury on barbed wire would not bo largo enough to counterbalance the difference In tho toot ot maintaining tho two different linda ot iencoa. GET THE LOT CLEANED UP Sound Common Sense in Having Va cant Property Present an At tractive Appearance. Have you a lot or a block of lots you wish to put on the market the coming season? Are they rough ? Are they weedy or brushy? Have they been made more or less of a dumping ground for the past years? If so, you will have two chances to one of sell ing them if you take the trouble to put them into sale shape, says the Minneapolis Journal. A wi3e man selling a horse would see to it that the animal was in good flesh and good coat before putting him in the sale stable. , Any grocer knows that he can sell ;more goods If his wares are attractive to the eyes of the prospective customer. No mer chant will risk his sales to the imag ination of the customer. The average buyer of a city lot ls not gifted with a rosy, constructive imagination. He cannot make a men tal painting of a beautiful home grounds out of a rough and ragged vacant lot. In selling anything, from a pair of trousers to a city lot. the salesman should have the help of good looks in his goods in order to make a quick or profitable sale. It costs little to put the average open, vacant city lot into sale form. If but the front third of the lot were smoothed, grassed, clipped regularly and one door-yard tree properly plant ed and kept the lot would have two chances of a sale where it otherwise would have but one. You may add this little expense to the sale price, if you like, and it will not hinder the sale. If you put your rough property into an agent's hands you should not be disappointed if it is left lying at the season's end, or if the agent is obliged to shade the price to cover the ugliness of the lot. ' Notice of Enrollment Committees. Opening Books For Voters In The Democratic Primary Election, Etc. Notice is hereby given, that the following committees for enrollment have been appointed to enroll the voters of Edgefield county in the Democratic Primary for the year 1916, and said books of enrollment will be opened at the places desig nated for each club Tuesday, June Otb, 1916. Bacon: J M Wright Secretary; G M Smith, J H Bouknight; at Bouk night's store. Cleveland: CC Jones, Secretary, J W Quarles, T L Talbert; at C C Jones' store. Colliers: Dr J M Crafton, Secre ary; D T Mathis E B Mathis; at Mathis' store. Edgefield Democratic Club No 1: Walton Fuller, Secretary; A E Pad gett, W E Lott; at Jones' store. Edgefield Democratic Club No 2: J W Kemp, Secretary; T A High tower, J D Kera^; at the Edgefield Mercantile Company. Lee: W L Coleman, Secretary; W M Sawyer, John Wright; at G P Cobb's store. Calhoun: A M Clark, Secretary; J A Lott, J W Hardy; at store of Lott-Walker Company. Long Branch: E L Scott, Secreta ry; Luther Yonce, L C Clark; at Lewis Clark's store. Meriwether: H F Cooper, Secre tary; A A DeLaughter, J O Scott at A A DeLaugbter'fl store. Meeting Street: J K Allen, Sec retary; J R Blocker, George Logue, at J K Allen's residence. Moss: P W Cheatham, Secretary; T A Williams, W A Reel; at Reel's store. Pleasant Lane: J T McDowell, Secretary; S T Williams, F L Tim merraan, at F L Ti m merman's store. Red Hill: H E Quarles, Secreta ry; H W Quartes, R M Johnson, at H E Quarles' store. Ropers: J E Doboy Secretary; B T Lanham, R A Timmerman; at Tiramerinan's store. Shaw: W W Wise, Secretary; G F Long, J R Moss; at J R Moss* ?tore. Talbert: J D Hughey, Secretary; A Gilchrist, E P Winn; at E P Winn's Store. The qualifications for member ship in any ol nb of the party and for voting at a primary are a? fol lows: The applicant for member ship, or voter, ?hall be 21years of ag*?, or fihall bp oom s so before the iiuouewiint ? ?. orul ^election and be a white Democrat. He shall be a citizen of the United States and of this State. No person shall belong to any club or vote in any primary un lesa hu baa resided ia the State two Om So HAPPY To nave A BANK ACCO it Coiwriaht 1909. by C. E. Zimmeiman Co-No. 44 F all the unhappy homes, not one in a hundred has a bank account and not one home in a hundred who has a bank account is unhappy. It seems almost foolish to put it off any longer, when it is such a simple, easy matter to start a bank account. BANK OF ED GE FI ELD OFFICERS : J. C. Sheppard. President: B. E. Nicholson, vice-President E. J. Mims, Cashier; J. H. Allen. Assistant Oashier. DIRECTORS : J. C. Sheppard, Thos. H. Rainfford, John Rainsford, B. E. Nicholson, A. S. Tompkins. C. C. Fuller. E. J. Mims. J. H. Allen. 1785 COLLEGE OF CHARLESTON 1916 South Carolina's Oldest College One Hundred and Thirty-second Year Begins September 29 Entrance examinations at all the county seats Fridav, July 14. at 9:00 A. M. Four-year courses lead to the B. A. and B. S. degrees. A two-year pre-mtdical course is given. A free tuition scholarship is assigned to each county of the State. Spacious buildings and athletic grounds, well equipped laboratories, unexcelled library facilities. Expense moderate. For terms and catalogue, address HARRISON RANDOLPH, President. aan^Miajn^^anmKjj^ y?ars and in the county six months prior to the succeeding general elec tion and in the dab district. 60 days prior to the first primary following his offer to enroll; provided that public school teachers and ministers of the gospel in charge of a regular organized church shall be exempt from the provisions of this section as to residence, or otherwise quali fied. Under the rules of a new en rollment i? required. B. E. NICHOLSOX, , County Chilman. May -29, 1916. Colds wi should be "nipped in the fl bud", for if allowed to run Vj unchecked, serious results [^may follow. Numerous cases of consumption, pneu monia, and other fatal dis eases, can be traced back to a cold. At the first sign of a cold, protect yourself by thoroughly cleansing your system with a few doses of THEDFORD'S BLACK DRAUGHT the old reliable, vegetable liver powder. Mr. Chas. A. Ragland, o< Madison Heights, Va., says: "I have been using Thed ford's Black-Draught for stomach troubles, indiges tion, and colds, and find it to be the very best medicine 1 ever used. It makes aa old nun fed like a young one." Insist oa Thedford's, the original and genuine. E-67 Light Saw, Lathe and Shin gle Mills, Engines. Boilers, Supplies and Repairs, Porta ble, Steam and Gasoline En gines, Saw Teeth, Files. Belts and Pipes, WOOD SAWS and SPLITTERS. GINS and PRESS REPAIRS Try LOMBARD AUGUSTA. GA. FIRE-LIFE INSURANCE See me before insuring else where. I represent the Epuita ble Fire Insurance Company of Charleston and the Southern Stock Fire Insurance Company of Greensboro,. N. C. I also rep-'? resent the Life Insurance Com pany of Virginia. J. T. Harling At tho Farmers Bank, Edgefield Not only your barn bat every building OB the farm ema be lighted with floe, brimant electric lights. No more g danger from fire. Tho la the Ideal plant for your pla??. It will fnraUh current for lights, churning, pumping, aewlag machine and many other thing?. Complete plants ready to taatall aa low aa 3175.00, Inda dinar tho engine. One of onr planta on year fara wm BOTO yon time, labor, worry, money. It. will, moke .-oar fa?tUy contented and happy. Xaf] cont af ford to do without M. CaU and eoe na or aond for oar Tal nable book oa Secarlo IJghta for tho Farm. It la free ?ad win ba In teresting to yea. tri Tba borten Beete Ital ?Bf. Ccasaany Tgffi ?f layton, tb*. O.S. A, R. H. Middleton Clark's Hil!, S. C., Dealer in Light ing Planta and Water Works. - GEO. F. MIMS - OPTOMETRIST; Eyes examined and glasses fitted only when necessary. Optical work of all kindo. SDGEFIELD, S. C.