Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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0WS BABY G?EBIAGL ?iORE THAN CENT UEY OLD P -ambulator Owned by Massa chusetts Man Was Built 104 % Years Age. W$*< . - r- . 'A'baby carriage ?which is believed to be the oldest in the country is in the possession of a Bay State man. Known to be more than one hundred years old and the property of one family for more .than hali a century, this ancient perambulator belongs at present to S. B. Budington, of Leyden, Mass. This great-grandfather of all the baby vehicles and perambulators in the country is in itself no perambula tor at all. It ls a true "baby car riage." Not only in shape but in con struction it resembles Oliver Wendell Holmes* "One Hoss Shay." It is, in fact, built in every smallest detail after the model " of the old two wheeled chaises su^h. as were ?sed by the elite of a century ago. According, to Mr. Budington, the small; sons and' daughters of. who6e family have for the last ?fty years been hauled about in the old carriage, no one knows the exact history of the carriage. The^address of its first owner has "been lost in the mists of antiquity. The onlys. identification is the name, of its maker, '"Charles Field," and the date "1805." , It is supposed to have come originally ?.from some Southern plantation in" 'Virginia and to have been brought '.North, only a few years previous to the Outbreak of the Civil War. "Mr. TBudingtr.ii, then a young man iln.his'twenties, got possession of it iii 1858.: Soon afterward he went West, .tourneying across country to Illinois, where he settled In Cass County. The carriage, then regarded as an heir loom, was .taken along. When Mr. Budington with his fam ily returned East in -180 4 he brought the carriage back with .him to Leyden, "where he settled with his family and Where he has lived since. TALL AFRICAN GRASS. f ?eautifal Scenes at Night cn the \ Veldt When Fire Spreads. Unlike a good deal of South Africa, Rhodesia is largely wooded. In some places the forests are of- value, but a large proportion are not valued for their timber. The grass in tills part of ?frica grows to phenomenal height iii the "valleys, and especially in tho valleys of .the Sahl and .Zambesi Hivers it reaches its greatest height. "Xo say that the grass Is often twelve feet high is no exaggeration. Natur ally, it is very easy to lose one's way lit this grass if one is unfortunate, enough .to, stray, from, .the beaten track. It is the custom there to burn tils grass off each year when it gets dry. This is usually in August and "September, or even in October. Fires "burn for miles, and as the country is largely a -wilderness little damage is dene by this, method of destroying the grass. It is a beautiful sight at night In the .fire season to see the hills for xailes around encircled with flames. After the grass has been burned thu rainy season usually begins, and it is .then that the country is at its prettiest ' The grass is then green an i tho foliage on the trees is beau tiful. The old leaves drop oft grad na ly and the new ones take their place before the trees are bare. The new leaves ar? of all shades of the rai ab ow, and it ls much like the fall scenery in this country when the dead Meaves are falling from the trees. Waterfalls are numerous in the moun tains, and.^there are. many of great nei,;ht, although the rivers are usual ly ismall in volumer-Springfield Re? put Hean. Ni-. . ' -^----? ' y- Spanish Barracks. The lot ot the Spanish soldier, even in "times of peace, is far from envia ble, for his food, lodging and clothing are of the poorest. As regards bar racks, the Spanish army is certainly the worst equipped in Europe, and this fact was practically admitted by Senor Sagasta when he was Premier. IA deputation waited on him to pro test against the unfair manner in which the law as to obligatory army service "waa enforced, so that any one with ?50 to spare can evade the duty. ?The premier admitted thiit the princi ple of redemption from military ser-1 vice was'illegal, and that, strictly j speaking, all healthy male adults should serve, but, he added, "the majority of our barracks are in Buch "bad condition that we cannot expect the sons of respectable parents to live in them."-London Chronicle. W* ' Pajamas. t Pajamas,/around-which party con troversy rollicked during the last all- j night sitting, are, being interpreted, simply "leg garments." They were eagerly , adopted by Europeans in In dia lr am the Mohammedans, probably by thu Portuguese in the first place. Earlier Anglo-Indian ' generations knew them as "long drawers" or "mosquito drawers," and still earlier generations as "mogul breeches," un der lw!ilch name they are referred to foy Bes.umont and Fletcher. European improvers w?re at one time in the habit of adding feet to these leg gar ments; but a certain London, trades man was not at a loss to find an out landish "reason for this addition. "I believe, sir, it U on account of the white, imts," he relied to an inquir? lag customer.-Lcmion Chronicle. Six-Fcot Main. Th&fii is now searing completion a six-foot steel n ain, which is being bailt to supplemeut the masonry con duit which carries the Brooklyn water supply from Nassau County, New York.- ' It is twenty-three miles in length snd will cost over $2,500,000. Tile present masonry conduit has a dally capacity ot 120,000,000 gallons. The daily consumption of Brooklyn and Queens is 142,000,000 gallons, part of which is drawn from local artesian wells. The new steel main will havo a capacity daily of 55,000,? OOO. gallons.-Scientific American. . !3alt is becoming one of the most ^Important minor industries of the ?3fca te of South Australia. The output tihh? year is estimated at 70,000 tons. Over 1Q0O tons is exported weekly to other Australian States and to New ISARS ON! THEIR LEGS. >' - 1 . ? .i That Is Where an Ant's Grow and He Has Six of Them. Strange as it may seem an ant.has at least six ears. Aside from their multiplicity they are located in just about the queerest place imaginable -on the-legs. They seem deaf to all sounds made by the vibration of th6 air, but detect the slightest possible vibrations of 'solid material. This is supposed to be to their ad vantage, m. that such things as ap proaching footsteps tell more of the possibility . of danger than such sounds as are transmitted through the air. So sensitive are their feet, says St. Nicholas!, that they detect the impact of a small birdshot dropped on the table from a height of about six inches and about fourteen distant from an artificial nest- placed at the other end of the table. As curious as are their ears, their noses are even more extraordinary. As the ants spend most of th|ir time in the dark, they must'depend largely on scent for their guidance, and in consequence have quite an elaborate array of .noses, er ch for a special pur pose. Miss Adele Fielde believes that their antennae are composed of a number of noses strung along in a line. Still more strange is that fact that each of these noses can smell only a special thing. The nose on the tip or first joint of the antennae, it ls said, is for recog nizing the odor of home; the one on the second joint is to recognize rela tives. The third nose is the path finder, and without it the poof ant cannot follow a trail and soon gets hopelessly lost. Thc noses on the fourth and fifth joints are for recog nizing the eggs and immature ants in the nest. No creature is more tidy than an ant, who cannot tolerate the presence of dirt on her body. These little creatures actually use a number of real toilet articles . in keeping them selves clean. No less an authority than Dr. McCook says their toilet ar ticles consist of coarse and fine toothed combs, hair brushes, sponges and even washes and " soap. Their saliva is their liquid soap, and their soft tongues are their sponges. Their combs, like their ears are fastened to their legs. They stop for a hasty cleaning when they get uirty. But a more leisurely toilet is made when they feel in a loafing mood, and they then lend a helping hand" to one another in the process. Man of Many Names. Charles Stewart Vane-Tempest Stewart, Marquis of Londonderry, who has just entered his fifty-seventh year, has bean obliged to change his mode of signature five times. When he was born in 1852 his grandfather, the third marquis, and his uncle, sub sequently the fourth marquis,* were still alive. His uncle was Lord Cas tlereagh, his father was Lord George Vane, and he was Charles Stewart Vane-Tempest-Stewart. On the death of the third marquis Lord George Van? succeeded to the earldom of Vane, and his son, getting the cour tesy title of Lord -Seaham,' .thus signed'himself when he was at Eton. The death of his uncle made his father Lord Londonderry and him self Lord Castlereagh, and as such he signed himself before he left Oxford. In 1884 he succeeded to the mar quisate, earldom and barony of Lon donderry and the viscounty of Castle reagh (all Irish titles), and the earl dom of Vane, viscounty of Seaham and barony of Stewart in .the English peerage. Since then his signature has been Londonderry, except in the House of Lords, where he sits by right, of his English earldom and therefore signs himself Vane.-West? minster Gazette. The World's Shoemaker. The first world's shoe and leather fair opened in Boston is an industrial exhibition of great Interest. America is fast becoming the world's shoe maker. Its shoe factories employ 149,924 operatives, who receive wages of ?69,000,000 annually, and whose product is valued at above $320,000,000. The concentration of the industry In Massachusetts is shown in the employment of upward of 60,000 opera tives In this manufac ture, of whom one-third are women. Nearly fifteen per cent, of the entire population of Lynn is engaged In shoemaking. The output of American boots and shoes has nearly doubled in twenty-five years and the industry has gained new markets in England and on the Continent.-New York World.. . Pastoral S taff of a Bishop. Atter the recent consecration of the venerable Michael Furee to be Bishop of Pretoria, various presenta tions were made to him, including a 'remarkable pastoral staff. In view of the district in which it is to be used it has been most cleverly designed, with symbols illustrative of local scenes and traditions, besides em blems of the Episcopal office. It has a "stack, a dump and a headgear" to represent the mines. It has a wagon and an ox crossing a ford, to repre sent the diocese in which the newly made Bishop was ordained. It has a lion to represent England, and a cer tain device to represent Pretoria, be sides an anchor and an eagle to rep resent the United. States, in honor of the country from which the Bishop's wife came-a. truly representative Episcopal staff.-Pall Mall Gazette. Beeswax From China. British manufacturers of blacking purchase large crates of beeswax/ The beeswax imported from China is in large cubes, each done up .In a written guaranty of purity and quality. Nevertheless, deep down in the mid dle of the crates are lumps of a sub stance resembling European brick, trimmed to the exact shape of a gen uine packet of beeswax. In other cases cubes when unwrapped are still apparently genuine wax, but on being sliced open are found to contain a large core of shavings, dirt and gen eral floor sweepings of a busy factory. Last year more than 32,000 chil dren were taught to swim at the Lon don publie schools. BORN IN POVERTY, AMBITION MADE DR. COOK SUCCEED Saving Worr His Medical Degree, He ' Jumped at thc Chance to Go North With Peary. % ?. "bB. h % ?. s io h The man who has accomplished what daring explorers 'for centuries have striven to do was known in Sul livan County, New York, where he was born, as a "Callicoon Dutch man," and for years was a partner in the milk business with his brother. Dr Frederick Albert Cook, physi cian, surgeon, scientist and explorer, comes Of Pennsylvania Dutch stock, the family name being Koch. : His father, Dr. Theodore Albert Cook, settled with others of the same stock near Callicoon, a station on the Erie Railroad in Sullivan County, and there Dr. Cook was born forty-four years ago. His father died when he was very young. He got his first schooling in the primitive school house at Hortonville, two miles from Callicoon, and later in the. public schools of Brooklyn, to which his family moved in his boyhood, and where he has since lived when not trying to reach the North Pole or the South Pole, or engaged in ether scientific expeditions. He got his de gree of M. D. at the University of New York in 1890 when twenty-five years old. From boyhood Dr. Cook was Inter ested in scientific explorations and in 1891, after struggling a year to build up a practice, jumped at the chance to go to the Far North as surgeon with Peary, That first trip gave him the Arctic fever and fired him with ambition to be the first man to reach the North Pole. In 1894 Dr. Cook was in charge of an expedition for scientific research along the coasts of Newfoundland, Labrador and Greenland in the steamer Miranda. The party includ ed fifty-four scientists and students. All that this expedition planned was not accomplished, an accident to the Miranda forcing it to return at a date earlier than had been fixed. The years 1897-8-9 he spent on an; Antarctic expedition on the ship B?l gica, commanded by Capt. Adrian de* Gerlache. On that expedition the B?lgica drifted more than 2000 miles in the ice fields. The most, southern point reached while fast in the ice was 70 degffees. Much new land in Wen del Sea was discovered and active volcanoes seen. Returning from his south Polar trip, Dr. Cook devoted himself to geo graphical exploration in this country, his particular aim being to ascend Mount McKinley, the highest moun tain in North America and the most conspicuous of the Alaskan range. It is 20,400 feet high, dome shaped and with two.simmits about two miles apart. " 'In 1903 Dr. Cook made his first attempt to scale Mount McKinley, and like all his predecessors, failed. He reached a height of 11,400 feet, a little more than half the way to the summit In 1906 he made a second and suc cessful attempt, profiting by the e&~[ rjerience gained in his first venture. . He had to endure all manner of hard ships. It was in 1892 that Dr Cook mar ried. His wife-and to her,belongs, much of the credit of his achieve ments-was Miss . Mary Fidell Hunt. They have two children, both girls, Ruth and Helen, who are seven and eight years old respectively. Mrs. Cook has contributed her share to the success of her husband as an explorer. Without complaint she has remained at home, caring for their children, while he has been away. Her anxiety and worry for his - safety have been most keen, as moro than a year has elapsed at times with out her receiving a single word from him. Her anxieties have not beeni confined to worry for his safety. Thel; Cooks are not rich. The explorer hast no fortune, not even a competence.!. Since he left New York in the sum mer of 1907 Mrs. Cook has had to bear not only the strain of not know- j ing whether her husband was dead or living, but also of finding a way for keeping the little f; aiily together. Dr Cook has had many honors thrust upon him for his achievements. He has been decorated with the Or der of Leopold of Belgium, with the. gold medal of the Royal Society, Bel gium, and with the silver medal of the Royal George Society, Belgium, He is a member of the American Na tional and Philadelphia Geographical Societies and of the Kings County Medical Society. Baseball in Iowa. In the third and fourth our swat ters leaped upon Mr. Johnsing and rent him, after which they sub-let ! him. By the time the dead had been removed from the field the enemy had yielded up four runs, due largely to Mr. Johnsing's mistaking the M. and 0. roundhouse for the plate. But he was not the only one whose brain, was ninety per cent, addled. The nimble Mr. Rogers, who played all day like a bunstruck goat, and the agile Mr. "Brink, who cavorted around in centre field like an ossified octoge narian, gave Mr. Johnsing the daz-:' zling support of a Ferris waist on a lat lady. At the end of the fourth Mr. Johrislng removed himself from the footlights by request and twirled sad thumbs on the bench.-Manches ter (Iowa) Press. Same, But Different. Most lawyers take a keen delight trying to confuse medical experts in the witness box in murder trials, and often they get paid back in their own coin. A case is recalled where the lawyer, after exercising all his tang ling tactics without effect, looked quizzically at the doctor who was tes-' tifying and said: "You will admit that doctors some times make mistakes, won't you?" "Oh, yes; the same as lawyers/* was the cool reply. "And doctors' mistakes are buried six feet under ground," was the law yer's triumphant reply. ' "Yes," he replied, "and the law yers' mistakes often swing in the air.*' ' ?-Philadelphia Ledser. .'.u-?._ JSCHE WEALTH FUNDERS. Many of Them Have Died in Wretch? ed Poverty, 4$gg&^ ' "Recent -dispatches from Colorado Springs carried the announcement 'Of the death of Bob Womack, a man de pendent on charity. Recently, also, the cable from Melbourne told that Francis Webster had died in the poor house' at Ballarat, Australia. What doth it profit a man if he find great wealth and if the find wreck his life? Life must have been one continual tragedy for Bob Womack, as, when doing odd chores around his sister's boarding house he looked out over the great Cripple Creek gold fields, which he had discovered and which have become the source of $250,000, 000 of the world's gold. Yet he sold his life-and the find was his life-? for $300. And as old Francis Web ster sat idly in the Ballarat benevo lent asylum he looked over on that famous south hill out of which he had lifted boulders of pure gold such as the world fiad never dreamed of even in fiction. The "Welcome Nug get" alone weighed 165 pounds avoir dupois. Both these men had dreamed of great valleys of gold, but certainly their dreams were nothing to com pare with the gold they enabled oth ers to find. First they dreamed of gold and all of the reminder of their lives they dreamed of what they had lost. There often is a distressing connecting link between great, sud den wealth and the poor house. The death of these two men on opposite sides of the earth coming so close together serves, to recall the uncer tainty of windfall riches. Three years ago William Deeson died in an Australian poor house. His name will always be known in mining history, for he lifted out of mother earth the greatest :iump of gold that she has ever yielded. It was 210 pounds of gold so pure that it "cut like a Cheshire cheese." With the possible exception of the Witwatersrand probably no other small area has ever produced wealth equal to that which the Comstock lode has yielded, yet Patrick Mc Laughlin and Peter O'Riley died paupers-McLaughlin filling a pau per grave, and O'Riley wearing out his disappointed life prospecting alone. And Henry Comstock, beg gared, and suffering from delusion, ended his miserable life with a bul let. So the tragedies of lives not mold ed to enjoy or to be cursed! with great wealth might be enumerated almost without limit. The tragedies have by no means been limited to precious metals or to individuals. The finding of the land, and the ! greatest gold deposit the world has ever known, lost the Boers their na tion; the child of Schalk Van Nie kirk, that one day happened to carry one of the shining pebbles from the Orange River up to the house, where It was rolled around as a marble un til its sparkle, opened the greatest diamond fields in the history of the world, is a poor wanderer on the face of the globe to-day while the find even robbed the-Van Nlekirks of their humble home. ' . The tragedy of the negro shepherd who found the great B?hia diamond fields is only equalled by the tragedy of the' convict that discovered gold in Australia. The former, whim he offered fer inspection $30,000 of as pure gems as the world has ever seen, was arrested and returned to his master under severe punishment and suspicion, while .the diamonds were confiscated. But the poor New South Wales convict that brought in the small nugget that was the open s?same to fields that have yielded $2,500,000,000 of gold, suffered not only loss of the nugget, but commit ment to hard labor and 150 stripes "laid on" for having "melted down the case of a stolen gold watch."-? Indianapolis News. .. . B^'T Port?la Festival Sign. By .the courtesy of the commandant pf the Naval Training Station, the committee which have in charge the Port?la Festival, commemorating the discovery of San Francisco Bay by Port?la in. 1769, have constructed on Yerba Buena Island, San Francisco Bay, what is probably the largest sign ever erected. The sign, which has been cut on the sloping hills of the Island, is 1300 feet long by 135 feet, high. The words "Port?la Festival, October 19th-23d,? are arranged in two lines, each letter of which occu pies a space forty-five feet,by forty five feet, the outline of the letters be ing eight feet in width. The work was done by digging trenches eight inches in depth and filling them with lime, which shows up clear and white against the green of the hillside.-? Scientific American. German Students. . The number of students at the German universities c?ntinues to in crease. There were 51,700 matricu lated students this year, compared with 47,799 last summer. Of these 25,638 attended the Prussian univer sities. The chief increase took place In philology,medicine, natural science and especially in dentistry. There were 11,657 law students, 9642 in medicine, 13,911 in philology and ui3tory and 7385 in mathematics and natural science. Berlin, as usual, beads the list with 7194. There were at Leipsic 4581; at Bonn, 3S01; Frei burg, 27G0; Breslau, 2347; Halle, 2310; Gottingen, 2239; Heidelberg, 2171; Marburg, 2134; Tubingen, 1921; Jena, .1606; Munich, 1547, and Wurzburg, 13G9.-The Athen? aeum. \ ? Dreadnought on the 'Phone. When the English fleet assembled for the recent display in the Thames one of the first things done was to make it possible to ring up the Dread nought. : A steam cutter with a drum cf tele phone wire laid a submarine line from the pier to the vessel. The shore end waa connected with the regular ex change. This was done to save the high voltage electricity required foi wireless.-New York Sun. A blind and rich farmer is in Pitts burg seeking a wife, who, he insists, "must he pretty." . .! Another Version* Maud Muller donned a gingham neat One Hummer's day, And 'went and raxed the meadow sweet ?With new mown hay. The Judge passed in his touring car, A fast machine; # 'And then the meadow smelt of tar And gasolene. . ' ;. --Philadelphia Bulletin. .. V" ? ' Clumsily Put. v "Going across for pleasure?" "No, merely to' Dring the? wife home."-Cassell's Saturday Journal. .vaSS??? -- x$??ii3r~ ff An Early Skyscraper. .r?s "We are trying to catch up with the cost of living," they cried. Herewith they added the 'steento story.-New York Sun. ;.v '~ -:;-.)^-- The Worst.'"'" Knicker-"What is the worst that could happen?" Bocker-"If women dressed to please men and cooked to please themselves."--New York Sun. ^rmnfyri His position, "A lock of Napoleon's hair recently fetched $40 at auction." "Well, I'd gladly pay at that rate for my own hair if I could get it hack." - Louisville Courier-Journal. P'T''* Pleading For Tim? .'Amelia, I am going to ask you the old, old question." "O, Herbert, this is entirely unex pected! I need tim? to think! Please ask it hypothetically!"-Chicago Tri bune. f '-? The Rub. ' : ?. "I want work of some .kind." * 7* "Why don't you pick up an aban doned farm and run it?" "I would if I could also pick up some abandoned experience."-Kan sas City Journal. t f" A Rainy Spell Philosopher. Noah was disgruntled. "It is very nice to be saved, but there is nobody to borrow an um brella from," he complained. Thus we see all situations have their drawbacks.-New York Sun. ; -. . m pri.?^.-.r,.>. i.. . ubel. ""r,"^~ "I see that royal blood has been discovered iu au old American fam ily." "Don't believe it. Some gossip Is, always making a slam at our old fam ilies."-Philadelphia Public Ledger. To His Credit. [ "What do you most admire about Hamlet?" said one actor. "The fact," replied the other, "that he didn't employ alienists to prove that he had a brain storm or some sort of dementia." - Washington Star. c. -- - Familiar Scenes. "Yes; I'm just back from Europe." "Did you see any towns abroad that reminded you of home?" "Oh, yes. In Venice everything was flooded, and in Pompeii the streets were dug up."-Kansas City Journal. 1Two Misses. "Now that you're living In the country," said Cityman, "don't you miss the early morning noise and bus tle of the city?" "I do," replied Subburbs, "if I miss the 7.10 train." - Catholic Standard and Times. l' IP"' A Pructical Youngster. "Why do you think your baby ls such a clever child?" "Because," answered the sensible woman, "he just laughs and plays and has a good time instead of think ing up smart sayings for us to :-epeat to the neighbors."-Washington Star. Good Reason. Y."^:v-r "Ma," said a newspaper man'.? son, "I know why editors call themuelvei 'we.' " "Why?? "So the mau that doesn't Ilks the article will think there are too :aany people for him to tackle."-From An swers. . - Overlooked. The man who has just married his stepmother is the most cheerful opti mist in the world.-Philadelphia In quirer. Indeed? And what have you to say of the man who married his mother-in-law? - Cleveland Plain Dealer. A Champion cf the Cause. Friend-"Why do you encourage these woman suffrage meetings? Surely you don't approve of theta?" Husband-"Approve? With all my heart! I can come home as late as I like now without finding my wife at home to ask questions."-File? gende Blaetter. Wireless. They were on the St. Joe boat. "Percey," asked Claribel, snug ging closer, "what's making that rasping, cracking noise?" "It's the wireless telegraphic ap paratus, dear," said Percey. "It's sparking, too."-Chicago Tribune. Not Quite So Cad. "It would please me very much, Miss Stout," said Mr. Mugly, "If you would go to the theatre with me this evening." "Have you sccureo. the seats?" in quired Miss Vera Stout. "Oh, come, now," he protested, "you're not so heavy as all that!" Tit-Bits. Southern Agrie Modern Method*' Ti Farmer, Fruit Groi Renewal of Old Strawberry Beds. Many of the leading growers of the strawberry recommend taking but a single crop from a plantation. This means getting only one crop from the land during two years. Thus, after the picking season is over the plants are plowed under and the land is pre pared and planted to some late forage or other crop. This method also re quires setting a new plantation each spring and keeping a double area of land in strawberries* for at least a part of the time. In this State, however, two, three and sometimes more crops are-taken from a plantation in successive years. Some growers state that the second year's crop ls often greater than that of the first year after setting the .plants, while the third is apt to be in ferior to the first two. The number of crops that can be harvested with profit appears to depend to a consid erable extent upon the method of re newal, the care and freedom from weeds, and the use of fertilizing ma terials. In some cases six and seven crops of berries have been taken from the same plantation before putting the land into other crops, but this is not regarded as profitable. . Two methods of renewal, with some variations, wei , noted. In one method the old rows are narrowed down to about one foot by light plow ing or deep cultivating between the rows. During the remainder of the season cultivation and irrrigation ure given the same as in new plantations, the runners being allowed to root along the sides of the rows until the spaces are only about one foot wide. Additional thinning of the plants in the rows is frequently secured by "blocking" the old rows. This is done by hand with a hoe or by means of a cultivator run crosswise of the rows. In the second method of renewal the rows are plowed along one side about one-third only of the width of each row being left. The correspond ing side of each row is plowed under and the next year the reverse side is thus treated. In this way all cf the oldest and weakest plants are re moved, ?nd the next year the rows do not stand on the same land as the year before. This method possesses two dis tinct advantages over the former. First, it allows of the breaking up and cultivation of the soil in the cen tre of the old row, which has become packed and hard. Second, the plants left to send out runners are younger and possess more vitality than those in the centre of the old flow, and are, therefore, capable of producing better plants. This method seems better adapted to longer duration 'of the plantation than the former, and is the one practiced by many of the most successful growers. Canse of Gapes in Chicks. ' Gapes in little chickens are caused by the eating of earth-worms. There are parasites in the earth-worms which find their way into the wind pipe of the chickens and lodge there, where they take the form of little red worms. The 'best preventive is to keep the chickens from the surface of the ground; or use salt or strong salt water on the soil, so as to kill the earth-worms; or strew strong lime or something of tho kind on the ground, so that the chicks will not get hold of the worms to eat them. After the chicks have been attacked with gapes, however, you can dis lodge the worms by making a very small loop in a twisted horsehair, draw out the tongue of the chick slightly, insert the horsehair kop in the windpipe opening, which will be seen between the forks at the base of the tongue, and, twisting the hair around, withdraw it. The worms are likely to be found within the loop, or some of them will have been thus re moved, and the operation can be re peated. Another remedy ls to dip the tip of a soft feather into kerosene and in sert lt in the windpipe opening to dis lodge and kill the worms. Such treatment, although severe, ls bet ter than letting the worms remai a un disturbed, to severely annoy the Jowls and even kill them. Mixing turpentine or other sub stances in the food of the young poul try has not proven satisfactory as a remedy for gapes.-H. A. S. Best Summer Pasture. In reply to a Mississippi subscriber who asked about a pasture grass for rather poor upland, making about half a bale of cotton to the acre, I re plied as follows: "Bermuda is certainly the best summer pasture grass you can have on such soil and in your climate, and I think that there is very little danger of its spreading unless cut and fed for hay. Closely pastured it will sel dom seed. "But if you do not want Bermuda' Little Room For Improvement. ""Well," asked the agent, "how do you like this flat?" "I must say," replied the lady who was examining it, "that there's little room for im provement. ' '- Chicago Record-Her ald. _ "Seeing Things at Night." Mrs. Upper Tenne: "Yes, doctor, black and red spots appear before my eyes every night. -What would you advise me to do for it?" Doctor: "Stop playing bridge, madam." One Consolation. "I like to visit that collection of musical instruments in the museum." "What pleasure can you derive from viewing a lot of musical instruments locked up in cases?" "I like to see 'em safely out of circulation. I live in a flat. ' '-Louisville Courier-Journal. To Be Quite Modern. "Tomnry, you have written this sentence. 'The pen is mightier as the sword,' and it is incorrect. How should it be changed?" "Pen ought to be changed to typewriter, ma'am." -Chicago Tribune. ultural Topics^ haf Are Helpful to ? , ver and Stockman. I would use a mixture o? ten pounds of orchard grass, five pounds of red? top and ten pounds of . tali :neadcw,. oat grass per acre. You must use liberal seeding to get a good turf. Then on that land apply 300 pounds of cottonseed meal and 100 pounds of acid phosphate per acre burrowed in before sowing the grass. Sow in late October or early Nov?mbei:. Here I would add. to the fertilizer about fifty pounds of muriate of potash; per acre, but they say that potash is not needed in your State. Atter get ting a stand of grass, keep it fiood by;, an annual top-dressing of some fer tilizer and keep the weeds mown oft .and the droppings scattered with a? harrow, and the pasture wili improve annually. Then to prevent brooms edge from getting started, spread! some lime on it and harrow it fine with a slant-tooth smoothing harrow; about once in four or five years, and if the Bermuda creeps in do not worry; * about it, for you can have nothing better in summer.-Progressive" Farmer. , """" Pellagra. Very much has been written on this subject during the last few months, since the fact that a number of cases have been reported In the '.Southern. States. Pellagra is an old disease, and oc curs extensively in the northern, partis bf Italy, where it has been called- Al pine scurvy, or Italian leprosy. The '.:. trouble begins with indefinite diges tive disturbances with insomnia, but as it progresses there appears an eruption of the skin, followed by su peration and the formation o i dark crusts. The "mental depression is profound. It'is claimed to be caused from eating bread made of moldy or smutty corn. Reports are made that ~ this disease has been known in the . South for the past thirty yeare, but the physicians have diagnosed the disease under various names. With? * the numerous reports sent out by the press of the gravity of this dreaded} disease, a complaint followed front. the operators of grist mills ? of tho falling off of their trade for corn!. meal. While it is a much dreaded! disease, there are no reasons for be coming unduly alarmed, for if usera of corn meal exercise care in purchas ing meal from reliable mills there is no danger whatever of contracting1 this disease.-Southern Fruit Growee Hay For ?3 a Ton. With beef cattle on the farm the millions of tons of corn stalks that rot in our fields, and that-represent' from thirty-five to forty per cent, of the feeding value of the corn crop, would be'converted into beef anti manure. The thousands of tons of oats an.d wheat straw, tb? large q nan-, titles of slightly damaged hay, the many tons'of sorghum, peavine and soy bean hay too coarse for; the mar ket, would all be eaten by the cuttle and help to enrich the farm and the farmer. The question of producing feed to grow beef cattle is not a serious one - in the South, as I will "endeavor to prove. Last fall we planted one Held ' in oats; the oats were cut for hay In. the dough state; the land was then planted in sorghum; the sorghum' yielded two cuttings; the total yield ' of hay per acre from this field was six and a fourth tons. Including $3 Y per acre rent for the land, the liayf cost $2.60 per ton in the rick. An adjoining field was planted in wheat to be cut for hay; the wheat was fol lowed with cowpeas, the total yield of hay per acre was 3.85 tons; includ ing $3 per acre rent, the hay cost $3 per ton in the rick.-Professor E. R, Lloyd. ?-? ' ?i : Cut the Grass Early and Often. I have heard men who should have known better, say that it is best to let newly sown lawns grow without e cutting, and let the grass run to seed, the notion being that the seed w.'H help thicken the sward. But try this and you will find that you have a brown hay stubble when the ripe grass is cut, and the formation of seed has weakened the grads so that more harm than good is done by the seeding. Start the mower on the newly sown lawn as soon as the grass is tall enough for it to catch, ani then, while rain is abundant, run th 3 mower every week. In making a new lawn where th? soil ls sandy on the surface, get tho plow down to clay if practicable, for clay ls essential to grass in the South., and if deep sand, then haul clay on it, and grow peas for a time to get organic decay in the soil before seed ing to grass. A fine green sward is well worth' working for, and when you have got ten a fine sod around your house use trees and shrubbery for the framing, * and do not frame it with a fence and then make a pasture of it.-W. F. Massey. There's a Difference. Curch: "Does your wife spent much of her time shoppin?" Goth am: "She says not. She says she spends most of her time waiting for . her change."-Yonkers Statesman. Seasoned Well, of Course. Ostend: "Pa, this magazine states that there are so many seasoned duel ists over in Germany. What is a * seasoned duelist V ' Pa : ' " One that has been well peppered, mv son." Kinsmen, These. Landlady (to Prospective Lodger): "May I harsk what you har, sirf" ? Prospective Lodger (impressively) r "I am a humble follower of the mnse, madam." Landlady: "Hindeed, ?r? My last lodger was connected with the stables, sir."-The Tailer. 'Tis the mind that makes the body rich.-Shakespeare. To live in hearts we leave behind is not to die.-Camubell.