Edgefield advertiser. (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, August 21, 1901, Image 1
RE NATIONAL BANK OF AUGUSTA
L. C. HAYNS, Pr es' I. 7. G. FORD, Cashier.
Capital, $250,000.
redivided Proflie } $110,000.
Facilities of oar magnificent Kew Vault
loontalniug 410 S&foty-Lock Boxes. Differ
ent Sizes ore offered to our patrons and
tho pabilo at 93.00 to S10.OD.por annum.
THOS. J ADAMS PROPRIETOR.
EDGEFIELD, S.
} rr v.
THE
PLANTERS
LOAN AND
SAVINGS
BANK.
AUGUSTA, GA.
Pajs Interest
on Deposits.
Accounts
Solicited.
L. C. Mayne,
President.
Chas, C. Howard,
Cashier.
VOL. LXVI. NO. 34.
5 "RE Ll AB
5 JEWEL1
Diamonds, "V
? ware, Libbey'
gm Brio-a-Brac, i
$ Wedding Invitations, Engraved V
gg Plate and 100 Gards $1.05. Watch
? mond Setting and Engraving don
? OLD GOLD
Q NEW GOODS
S WM. SCHWEIGER!
. 702 Broad St.,
Penalty For Neglected Hlcliirnyn.
THE Postofllce Department ls
trying to use the rural free
delivery experiment ns an
argument In favor of good
roads, and where the experiment has
failed to Improve the bad roads along
the routes the service will have to be
abandoned.
The department has gone, over the
records to see how many routes were
'interrupted by the condition of the
roads last spring, and has sont out
notices that unless the roads are im
proved to prevent similar interruption
this spring these routes will have to
be abandoned. The records show that
a great many routes were Interrupted
from one to seven days last spring.
There were forty of these routes in
Iowa, twelve In Illinois, ten in Wis
consin and a less number in other
Western and Southern States. The
record against Iowa is not so bad as
lt seems because that State has a
great many more rural free delivery
routes than any other State, and, like
Illinois, the State suffers at times
from bad roads which cannot bc im
proved.
The department admits that It will
have to give some consideration to the
difficulty in building roads In Iowa and
Illinois, where the depth of the soil
makes it almost impossible' to con
struct roads that will be passable at
all seasons of tba year. It is admitted
that there are routes in Illinois
"..;v*';g?-":i>r- .." T ':'
.'' th" T?r;jf. .' .... ..<.'.- . -.v J
'". pa- :;>. . . . -
rc- ..- ..r> Uv: .
to ?>: << :???
aJlowr/? ;?..
? y"
. . * '-'Tfc<-? '.:>-. ior-tes IfcAt . ?. /.
Wpt?vrs^ .-'.:>..<. nS?re tito i
tenujniuii iv -?JUC '
roads they will be abandoned. Where
the interruption Is due to conditions
which cannot be overcome the depart
ment will make allowances and con
tinue the service.
But the department regards rural
free delivery as an argument and an
inducement to build good roads, and
wherever the people are indifferent to
the advantages of the service the de
partmnt holds that thc experiment ls
a failure. The demand for rural free
_ delivery Is greater than the depart
ment can meet -with the appropriation
by Congress, and It will favor those
communities which show most appre
ciation by building roads over which
the Government can send mails with
the least possible interruption.
Prepared For Summer.
In the late spring after the ground
has settled, the roads should be pre
pared for smnmer travel by being
shaped up vith the "road machine" or
"road grader." When this work ls
done, the ground ls comparatively dry,
and consequently the heavier road
scraper is required and can be handled
on the roads. It is somewhat unfor
tunate that this tool is ordinarily
called a road grader, since the name
has possibly led to a misconception
as to an important usc of the machine.
As an instrument of road construction,
this machine- ls used to give a crown
to the road; but as an instrument of
maintenance, it should be used only to
smooth the surface and restore the or
iginal crown. Apparently some opera
tors assume that the machine is not to
be used except to increase the crown
of the road. Employed in this way
the crown ls made too great, and a big
ridge of loose earth is left in the mid
dle of the road which only slowly con-.
solidates and which ls likely to be
washed into the side ditches to make
trouble there. Since the introduction
of the road machin? there has devel
oped a strong tendency to Increase the
crown of the road unduly. Doubtless
the object Is to secure better drainage
of the road bed, but piling up the earth
ls an Inadequate substitute for the
drainage. Side slopes steeper than
ju'jt enough to turn the water into the
side ditches are a detriment. Other
things being equal, the best road to
travel on or to haul ? load over Is a
perfectly flat one.
Good Road? a Necessity.
With many expression of apprecia
tion for the warm hospitality extend
ed by the business men of Philadel
phia, the convention of the Southern
Industrial Association adjourned to
meet next year in Memphis, Tenn.
Before adjourning the following reso
tlon was adopted:
Whereas, The territory of many of
the Southern States Is entirely or
largely remote from water navigation,
and.
Whereas, The more prosperous coun
tries of Europe have realized from the
earliest periods the vital Importance
of good roads, and that much of their
prosperity depends upon a system of
fine roads, and,
Whereas, We of the South realize
t?e ?rMt disadvantage under which
RU.
batches, Jewelry, Sterling Silver- gk
s Fine Cut Glass, Clocks, Vases, ^
Ste. -
m
risiting Cards. @
Repairing, D ia- M
e by experts. ^
TAKEN IN EXCHANGE FOR B
3. SEND FOR CATALOGUE. ?
f & CO., Jewelers.
Augusta, Ga.
(.?.?.?..?.Bl?
"-~ V , 5
Tro are marketing our valuable pro
ducts; therefore, be It
Resolved, That we, the Southern In
dustrial Association in convention as
sembled, do hereby earnestly urge
upon the attention of all good citizens
of the South the importance of the
Improvement of the roads, and do
hereby memorialize the Legislatures
of the various Southern States to take
up this important matter and to enact
such laws as will tcud toward the bet
terment of the roads of their respect
ive States.
Poorly Drained Roads.
It is thc settled opinion of road ex
perts that farmers would better aban
don dirt roadmaking unless they do it
scientifically. If the dirt roadway be
left to itself it becomes hard packed
at least in the course of years, while
the elaborately graded and good-to
look-at, but insufficiently drained han
diwork of the unscientific rondmakers
falls an easy victim to thc first severe
rainy season, because it has not had
time to be packed by traffic.
TRAINING YCUNC BIRDS.
How the Old Birds Instruct Their Off.
spring.
All who have watched birds care
fully have seen them teach the young
to find food, to bathe, to follow, to
sing, to fear danger, and other things.
Birds brought up from the nest by
people never learn some of these les
sons. For example, birds so reared
are not afraid of the human race. I
could give many authenticated In
stances of this. Then they do not
know their native tongue or under
stand the calls of their own mother,
and do not sing their father's song.
A chcwlnk or towhee bunting reared
in a house sang the song of an or**'
T-\..: ; y.-.-v .... , ! \ '
linrrituau ?-xpettltloi?; ? n*her srus
. i*, uUserve that all hough
the sun did not set till ll o'clock at
night, the birds paid no attention to
the vagaries of that luminary, but
went to bed according to custom at S
o'clock, lu broad daylight, of course.
If they were disturbed In their slum
bers, they appeared half awake and
bewildered, as they do In the dark.
?% One may sometimes see a case of
discipline, like a droll one seen among
the domestic inmates of a yard in
Michigan last summer. With the regu
lar poultry was placed a small party
of ducks and a little pond for their
use. The head of this family was a
personage of dignity, who loved quiet,
and the usual emotional announce
ment of a fresh egg was exceedingly
offensive to his sensitive car. When
an indiscreet hen became too gushing
he flew at her, caught her hy the neck,
dragged her-protesting at the top of
ker lungs-into the pond and ducked
her well.
One of the delights of late .Tune is
to make the acquaintance of nestlings
at home, when the mother Is absent,
speaking to them quietly, moving
slowly, and If touching them at all,
only with thc gentlest touch of a fin
ger. The young usually show no fear,
and will often answer one's quiet talk.
I have held conversation in this way
with humming birds In the ucst. strok
ing them with my finger, and have
talked with, or to, clear-eyed mourn
ing dove babies, fluffy little bluejays,
and others. Soon after they leave the
nest they are taught not to permit
such familiarities.
It ls most interesting to see the pro
cesses of training that are obvious to
us, such as to fly compactly in a flock.
The wing exercise, for example, of
sandpipers, who fly as one bird, as
dwellers on '.he seashore know, show
ing one moment all silvery breasts
flashing in the sun, and the next in
stant gray backs that blend with the
ocean color a"'1 r ~' o them almost
invisible. This wing practice.may be
seen over the solitary marshes or low
lands of which they are fond, and one
realizes that perfection of flight ls a
matter of much practice, and not of
instinct. Strange stories are told of
young trained by birds of another
species to adopt the habits of the fos
ter mother, as a bird of vegetarian
proclivities reared by a captive bird
of prey being taught to cat meat, sore
ly against his inclination and against
all the traditions of bis race.-Chicago
Tribune.
Prize Pish Story.
The fish story record stands shat
tered. This ls the latest, and it ls
vouched for in all seriousness: lu 1S73
a fisherman took some- trout through
the ice in Central "Wisconsin. The
largest trout was placed In a cold stor
age warehouse, and afterwards for
gotten. Eleven years later tho ware
house was burned, and, to save the
ice, enough water was thrown on to
fill up the water-tight cellar below.
Three years later 447 trout were taken
out of the cellar, in addition to the
original one, Identified through. lack
of an eye and a broken tall, which had
evidently fallen Into the water when
.he warehouse was destroyed, thawed
out and spawned,
>Pro??8?oi?ii?g a Trans- |
> Atlantic Steamer, I
Not by any means the least impres
sive evidence of the huge size to which
the modern transatlantic steamship
has grown is to be found in the gra
phic representation, reproduced from
the Scientific America, of the bewil
dering amount of provisions that have
to be taken aboard for a single trip
across the ocean. Our pictorial rep
resentation ls, of course, purely Imag
inary, particularly as regards the live
stock; the beef, mutton, game, etc.,
received on the ship in the dressed
condition, no live stock whatever
being carried. The drawing was
made up from a Hst of the actual
amount of provisions carried on a re
cent eastward trip on the Deutschland,
and the number of live stock which
contributed to meet the supplies for
one voyage was .esthnated from the
actual number of" cattle, sheep, etc.,
mat would be required. to make up
the total weights in dressed meats
given in the table. With the excep
tion of the live stock, the provisions
are shown in the actual shape In
which they would be taken on board.
Th? dimensions of the vessel are:
Length, G8C feet; beam, sixty-seven
feet, and displacement, 23,000 tons;
ber highest average speed for the
whole trip is 23.30 knots, and she has
made the journey from Sandy Hook
to thc Lizard lr. five days, seven
hours and thirty-eight minutes.
The total number of souls on board
PROVISIONING A TBANSATLi
of the vessel when she has a full pas
senger list Is J.G17, made up of 407
first cabin, 300 Second cabin, 300 steer
age and a crew of 550, the crew com
prising officers, seamen, stewards and
the engine-room force. Sixteen hun
dred and seventeen souls would con
stitute the total Inhabitants of marry
an American community that digni
fies itself with the name of "city,"
and it is a fact that the long proces
sion which ls shown lu our Illustration
wending Its way through the assem
bled provisions on the quay, by nc
means represesents the length of the
line were the passengers and crew
strung out along any great thorough
fare. If this number of people were
to march four deep with a distance
of say about a yard between ranks,
they would extend for about a quartei
of a mlle, or say the length of foui
city blocks.
To feed these people for a period ol
six days requires, In meat alone, tht
equivalent of fourteen steers, ten
calves, twenty-nine sheep, twenty-sis
lambs and nine hogs. If the flocks ol
chickens, geese and game required tc
furnish the three tons of poultry ant1
game that are consumed were to join
in the procession aboard the vessel,
they would constitute a contingent by
themselves not less than 1500 strong
The ship's larder Is also slocked wltl
1700 pounds of fish, 400 pounds ol
tongues, sweetbreads, etc., 1700 dozei
eggs and foirtecn barrels of oysteri
and clams. The 1700 dozen of egg!
packed in cases would cover a cousid
erable area, as shown in our engrav
lng, while the 1000 bricks ot ice crean
would require 100 tubs to hold them
Of table butter there would be takci
on board 1300 pounds, while the 2201
quarts of milk would require sixty
four cans to hold lt, and the 300 quarti
of cream eight cans.
In the way of vegetables there an
shipped on board 175 barrels of pota
toes, seventy-five barrels of assortet
vegetables, twenty crates of toniatoe
and table celery, 200 dozen lettuce
while the requirements of dosser
alone would call for four and a quar
ter tons of assorted fresh fruits. Vo
making up into the dally supply o
bread, biscuits, cakes, pies and tb
toothsome odds-and-ends of the pasir;
cook'B are, there are taken on board a
each trip ninety barrels of flour, eael
- -
weighing 195 pounds, this
adding a weight of eight . : ?
tons to the cooks' stores, ff-,
we must add 350 pounds < '. .>
COO pounds of oatmeal an
Under the head of llqui '
Important item is the ?C>
drinking water, whose t
quately represented by
tank shown In our engrav"
supplemented by 12,000
wines and liquors, 15,000 . t l'
beer in kegs, besides 300C '?.
beer. Last, but not by
least, is thc supply of forty &
Of course it is not to b
that all of this supply w". .?'
sumed on the voyage. The
a margin, and a fairly libe
of every kind of provision,
the extent to which the lan
tor are emptied will vary /
the conditions of the . ;
tempestuous weather, wh
is a succession of heavy g
dining room tables are ! '
practically deserted for t
days at a stretch, the
will he modified consider! :
The Engineer Thoo an
Most of us remember tl
an engineer was groom, d rs
machinist, repairer, oiler, ; v
everything else about ai
day? Bless you! In
clothes he ascends to h: ..
seat. His hands are gio*
leathers are on his feet
rings. He opens the thrc r;..
At the end of his run he ?cs
mother earth, unsoiled, ui ;
scathed, ready for any
tion of his set. The stabl
to take his horse for a rub ?o % i
LNTIC LINER-EQUIVALENT IN LIV?
when he mounts again on the follow
ing day the iron stead is clean, bright,
fresh, aching for another run. With
oil as fuel of what use would a fire
man beV At the engineer's elbow will
be a button, by pressing which the
petroleum will be fed to the furnace.
There will be no great tender for
coal, bul a small tank for kerosene
inside of the one for water Tons will
be taken off the weight of the locomo
tive, which will mean a saving of rails,
bridges, ties, etc.-Victor Smith," in
New York Press.
A Canoe That Folds Vp.
Among recent Inventions, the porta
ble canoe is receiving notice in sport
ing circles in Europe. The middle sec
tion, wliich folds so as to form a
trunk-like box, with convenient han
dles, receives the two hermetically
closed ends, the oars, etc. The oar '
can be unscrewed into two parts and
singly stowed away in the "trunk."
The length of the boat is about thir
teen feet, and it can easily be carried
overland by two men.-New York
Herald.
Antltora and Publisher*.
The Immense competition among
youuger publishers and the hawking
round of books to the highest bidder
by the literary agent has made pub
lishing a less remunerative pursuit
than formerly; and I have in my
mind's eye a number of publishers
whose houses are less magnificent than
those of at least a dozen authors wfaem
I could name?-Sphere, -i***.
.OOCCGCOG eOOGG OOGG O Q
I OWN BUILT ?
OF STREET CARS. ?
- 8
Settlement by the Wares O?Q
the Pacific. O 1
O {
. - oooooccoccoocooooGoo :
?3 a little settlement just out- ?
. ? city of San Francisco where
"CARTOWN," SA!
ge majority of the structures 1
ace street cars. It ls located at I
an beach on the chore end of i
..: Gate Park. There are perhaps ?
' these car dwellings lu the little 1
lent, many of them fitted out i
inslderable elegance and mimer- i
? .?venlences. They are arranged
i general plan affording their
nts the widest view, all fronting !
i. Streets interject, at right i
3 STOCK AND GENERAL STORES.
angles, and plank walks are laid so as
to give pedestrians access to their
homes without wading through the
deep sands. Few of these cars have
been adorned with a coat of paint. The
.exteriors are generally intact, and the
conspicuous signs denoting tile route
over which the cars once perambulat
ed are not obliterated.
Some methods are used in the
adornment of these curious resents.
Many of them are covered with vines,
most have galleries extending around
i the front and sides. The roofs of
some are arranged as lookouts, and
awnings drop over the windows. There
INTERIOR OF A
ia considerable space for storage he
low the cars, while other cars acquir?
iddltlonu! room by little extensions.
in some Instances one car ls raised
ibove anotber, and sometimes the
..nrs are laid upon other buildings, t'ins
jiving an extra story. The platforms
)f the cars are often transformed Into
salcr les and bay windows with tho
lid Oi tlie carpenter and glass fitter,
iud afford points of observation pre
lected from Hie cold winds, besides
jiving exrended view of sea and lund.
Thc arrangement of ;he interiors of
NT FRANCISCO.
hese dwellings is highly ingenious, the
necessities of the case requiring the
;itmost economy of space, the aver
ige slecpiug car suggesting a model.
Half a dozen persons have been at
night accommodated with lodgings in
3ne of them. Ventilation Is always
issured.
While there are many families per
manent residents of "Curtown." the
larger number occupy the "vehicles"
;is others do the houseboat, giving op
portunities for original methods of en
tertainment and diversion for them
selves and friends. Confined and re
stricted as these dwellings art, there
ls compensation in the fresh ocean
breezes which here blow rigut from
i he sea, besides the enjoyment of a
iiealtli-giving environment. History
ind romance have been ransacked in
A "CABTOWN" HOME.
providing names for these car "villas"
suitable to the facetious idiosyncra
sies of the various owners. In "Car
Krvnrn ? tho "Villa -Miramar" anti
JL^.. *. .."? V" s-T.t. * j
3n a bale of hay iir?n^__u_~:^_i^
af the menagerie-tent
"What do you reckon ls the most
strange thing we seed?" said the girl.
"It's hard to say; but I kuow what
I'd like ter be now."
"The flying-trapeze man?" she ven
tured.
"No, not him."
"Mebbe the ring-master?"
"Nor him. You recollect the octopus
in the glass tank? Well, I'd like to
be he."
"Why?"
" 'Cos he'd nigh unto a hundred
arms, an' I'd like ter use 'em all a
huggin' you a hundred times at
oucest."
"Jerry, that's a very wrong wish."
" 'Taint, neither."
"Oh, yea 'tis! It's sinful ter wuste
time wishing for the impossible, 'stead
o' makin' the best of sech opportuni
ties ez yer happen ter have."
And Jerry rose to the occasion, and
put all his energy luto the gentle art j
of octopusing.-London Answers.
Primitivo Writing Materials.
Among the North American Indians .
picture-writing on 6tone.?, horn and j
buffalo robes was common, but bark I
was also largely used. Then much .
writing has lx'en done on bone. Pre- j
historic man used it, of course, for his
imperfect picture-writing, and the ;
Koran was first written on shoulder- j
bones of mutton, and kept In a chest j
of one of Mohammed's wives.
Something akin to bone Is Ivory, and j
writing ou ivory, as early a practice
as writing on bone, has persisted to
the present day among Oriental na- j
tlons, for the reason that Ivory ls a
beautiful and expensive material, flt- ?
ted for the reception of Important j
ceremonial writings. The edicts of the
Roman Senate were written on plates
of Ivory- These plates were called
"llbrl elephant," by way of acknowl
edgement to the elephant who had pro
vided the article.
The Eskimos, too, In their cooler i
climate, have used walrus ivory for i
records of hunting and fishing expedi
tions. Their bone implements also are
covered with such picture-writing.
CAR HOME.
Boston pays $100,000 a year for Its
school Janitori, .
THE WORLD'S BEST ARMY
SWITZERLAND HAS A PRACTICALLY
PERFECT MILITARY SYSTEM.
Points In tho Little Republic's Defensive
, Organization That tho Great Powers
: Might Copy With Advantage- A Re
markable Condition of Preparedness.
It ls generally conceded by military
experts that Switzerland ls the best
organized country in the world from
n military point of view, and that its
laws governing military service and
thc organization of the militia are
practically perfect, writes the Wash
ington correspondent of the New
York Commercial Advertiser. These
laws could not oe adorted entire in a
country where military service is pure
ly voluntary, for they are based upon
tbe compulsory military education of
every citizen, but there are many
points in the Swiss system and organi
zation which, it is believed, will in
time be adopted by every civilized na
tion in the world.
Switzerland has about 10,000 square
miles of territory and a population of
about 3,000,000. The active army or
"elite," as It ls called, comprises 135,
000 men. These are apportioned among
the various branches of the service
about as follows: There are about
120,000 infantrymen, less than 3000
cavalry, about 9000 artlllerymenMand
C000 engineers. The sanitary or medi
cal and administrative troops number
4100. This, the peace strength of
Switzerland, is practically 140,000
men. The war strength of that coun
try is about 500,000, not on paper, but
in actual soldiers, for there are S2.000
trained men in what ls known as the
first reserve and 275,000 in the second
reserve. These two reserves compose
what ls known as the "landwehr,"
into which pass all soldiers of the
"elite" or active army, after a term
of service varying with the different
arms. The active army is thirty per
cent, of the entire military strength
of the country. These figures, of
course, have no application whatever
to the United States, for in this coun
try, with Its S7.000.000 people organ
ized on the same military basis as
Switzerland, there would be a stand
ing army of over 4.000,000 men, and
if organized on the basis of territory,
the American army would be 250 times
as great as that of Switzerland.
In Switzerland every able-bodied
citizen ls enrolled In the military serv
ice, beginning at his twentieth year.
His term of service, that is the time of
life during which he can be called
upon by the Government, contnues un
til his forty-fourth year. Government
officials, employes of the postoffice and
telegraph institutions, government
workshops, hospital employes, peni
tentiary guards and customs officers
are . amone those exempt fr- .*
two yearsrorager'The "landwehr? or ^
reserves, is composed of men from *
thirty-three to forty-five. The army is
composed of a general staff and the .
staff3 of the different branches of the *
service, Infantry, cavalry, artillery and *
engineer corps, medical corps and ad
ministration corps. The examinations *
for recruits are fairly severe, and no 1
one is permitted to enlist who fails to *
possess the requisite physical at- T
tributes of a soldier. The general di- t
visions of the army are governed by c
the political division of the country, J
each district furnishings its quota of 1
troops, so that no soldier when he goes '
to muster or drill is compelled to un- <
dertake a long journey. 1
In all the branches of the service the *'
non-commissioned officers are promot- ]
ed by the captains on the recommenda
tions of officers of lesser rank. The '
corporals and high privates are ap- 1
pointed from among the soldiers who 1
have obtained certificates of capacity !
in the schools of recruits. The ser- ]
g?ants are taken from thc corporals, (
and the sergeant-majors from among 1
the sergeants. No man is permitted to 1
receive promotion without passing a ?
thorough examination suitable for the 1
grade to which he is to be advanced. 1
The selection of officers Is made upon 1
tlie double recommendation of a com- '
mission presided over by the chief of j
the military department ns well as ?
that of the commander under whose 1
orders the officer to be appointed is 1
to serve. The federal council appoints '
the officers of thc general staff. A soe- 1
dal section of thc general staff is (
formed from the administrative and 1
managing personnel of railways. These 1
officers direct the ilway service dur
ing war and becouje attached to thc
chief of the traffic service. ,
The military education cf thc boys j
commences with their tenth year, and ?
from that time until they leave the ?
primary schools they attend gymnas- ,
tlc courses preparatory to military ser- ,
vice. These courses are superintended |
by school teachers who have received
military education. Beginning with
the eighteenth year shooting practice ?
ls added to the military drill and con
tinues until the twentieth year, when
they become liable to military service.
Every two years the national forces ,
are given camp exercise of sixteen
days' duration, the regiments being or
dered out In rotation. In years in
which there is no other military serv
ice all men enrolled lu the army par
ticipate in the shooting practices, eith
er as members of voluntary societies
or at reunions especially organizer for
the purpose. At the option of the fed
eral couucll general mobilization of all
the troops in the country tuke place in
such way as to interfere with the busi
ness of the people to the least degree.
Each military district holds under
Its responsible care a full equipment
for the total number of soldiers which
that district can be called upon to
furnish. The federal government pays
all the expenses of the entire military
organization, but holds the local gov
ernments responsible tor tho care and
equipment of supplies. The manufac
ture of war material is reserved to thc
jurisdiction of the federal government.
The peace manoeuvres anticipate
war conditions In everything that ls
done, end the law is so couploto lu lt?
?rail that the moment war was de?'
arefi the whole country would come
ader the jurisdiction of the war de
irment in the conduct of nearly every
inctlou of government and public s?r
i?e. This military law of Switzer
ud has been in force since 1874, with'
?ry slight changes. It has been ,
;udied by nearly every military ex
ert from other countries and is looked
pon as practically perfect Under
lis law Switzerland is converted into
single military organization, which,
t the first alarm, can turn a warlike
ice toward the world. Such a state
f effectiveness is made necessary by.
ie geographical situation, of the
Duntry, and the Swiss people do not
ppear to find anything obnoxious Ia
lis all-prevailing military organiza
on. One reason for this is that it is
ommunal, a feature of the entire
wlss government in. the exercise ofi
Il its functions. It would not be'
ecessary nor would it be possible to'
ecure the adoption, of the Swiss sys*
em lu any country of the character
f the United States, but In'tbe mill-,
ary law, of Switzerland; going as itf'
oes into the most minute detail of the/ '
rganlzation of a people for the in
fant defense of the integrity of their
ountry, many valuable suggestions
an be secured for a uniform organiza
Ion which will necessarily be effect?
d sooner or later.
LOST MISSOURI ISLAND.
Ile de Vache"-How It Got Its Nam??
Its Disappearance.
One of the most noted localities on
he Missouri River in the palmy days
if steamboating on that stream was
-ow Island, aa island located In tl?
iver about seven miles above Weston
nd opposite the old town of latan*
t then contained about 1000 acres,
nd was densely covered with a pri
meval forest of cottonwood. It ac?
[uired its peculiar name from the fact
hat at an early day-some time in the
ist century-a French trader, in as
ending the river, found here a soil?
ary cow, thc first ever seen so high'
ip and the only one then within hun?
Ireds of miles. She had been stolen,
loubtless, by the Indians from the
vhite settlement on the Mississippi
tear St. Charles, driven up the river
md placed on the island to preven!
1er escape. The French gave to the
sland the name "Ile de Vache," the
Dnglish meaning of which was "Cow.
sland."
The island was in former days a
>lace of historic interest, and was a
?oted landmark, not only among the
>arly voyagers and steamboatmen, bul
the early explorers as well. Lewis and
31ark lauded* here and replenished
heir larder with several deer on July,
t, 1S04. They found at the head of
he island a large lake, now called!
Jean Lake, cnntainlner V-- - vj
- ..... i - .' . "-:
.m
_jiorth side 01
re river.
The island was first owned bj
fohn Dougherty, of Liberty, Mo., the"
nther of the present Congressman
rom that district, who in his day was
t famous trapper and a member of)
he American Fur Company, and spent
nany years among the Indians. The
'ur company had a number of trading
losts on the upper Missouri, where
hey kept merchandise which they ex
;hanged with the Indians for furs. ,
dajor Dougherty laid off the town of
latan, named for an Indian chief. It
Jien had bright prospects, and was ld*
.ated on the banks of the river, but is
lot as large now as it was forty years
igo. It died with the navigation of
the Missouri. Cow Island, too, is gone.
Like many smaller islands in the river,
lt has been swept away by the rapa
cious current of that stream, until now.
not au acre is left, and the fact that'
such au island ever existed is un
known to the present generation. The
lld Missouri has cut some high ca
pers within the last half cer.cury, and
thc channel is not where lt once was.*
A.t the foot of iJO bluff at Weston,
rciiore stood Warner's warehouse,
from which the. balee of hemp were
rolled directly on to the bows of the
boats, is now an immense W?IIOTT sand
bar. aii'l the river is a half mile av ay.
[atan, the once promising city, is now,
in inland village two miles from the
[.iver bank. Such have been the
changes in this part of the river in the
last fifty years that should one cf the
)ld river pilots return to-day he would
:ot recognize a single landmark.-Kan?
sas City Journal.
Thc Reluctant Statesman.
"Young man," the rising statesman
said to the reporter, "newspaper no?,
toriety i3 exceedingly distasteful to
me, but since you have asked me to
?ive you some of the particulars of
thc Jpading events iu ray life, I will
comply. I do so, however, with great
reluctance."
Here he took a typewritten sheet
from a drawer in his desk and handed
it to the reporter.
"I suppose, of course," he added,
"you will want my portrait, and al
though I dislike anything that savors
of undue publicity, I can do not less
than comply with your wish."
Here he took a photograph from al
large pile in another drawer, and gave"
it to the reporter. "
"When this appears in print," he
said, "you may send me two hundred
and fifty copies of the paper."-Chi*
L?a'O Tri?me.
Generous Diet For tho Tropics.
"Experience shows," says Major G.
W. Ruthers. of thc commissary de
partment, "that the American soldier
serv' . i these islands needs the full
army ra?ion. including the full allow?
ance of fresh beef; his health cannot
be maintained without it. In addi
tion, his appetite apparently craves
sweets and acids." In this connection
he mentions the demand for saur
kraut. Without abundance of nutri
tious food, he says the health of an
American cannot be maintained In
-the Luzon climate. The health of the
Filipinos living on American foods, he
says, ls much better than those living
on native foo?s.-Waihl>oa Pesti