Edgefield advertiser. (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, August 08, 1866, Image 1
US DI?EISOE, REESE & ?0. #
.*- ' EDG-EFI?LD, S. C., AUGUST 8, .1866. ; ' ^^:>\;-.'??; :w?n^?.
^Professional Card..
KW. ADDISON, ATTORNEY AT LAW j
?nd SOLICITOR IN EQUITY for Edge
field aad adjacent Districts.
Edge?old, S. C., Maj 22 4m 21
J ODIN E. BACON. M. C, BUTSER.
BACON & BUTLER,
A;T-TG^i\TEYS AT LAW.
AND
SOLICITORS m E^tJirr, '
EDOEFIELD, 8. C.,
WiU Practice in the'Courts of this State, and 'in J
Angosta, Georgia.
Jan 30 1m 5
J. L. J
ATTORNEY AT LAW AND SOLICI
TOR UT EQUITY,
F.DGEFIELD C. II,, S. C.
Office in Law Rango.
May 22, _tf 21
"MT L. BQNHAIW,
Attorney at Law f?d Solicitor in
ED GE FIELD, S. C.
OSce formerly occupied by. EMMET; SEIBS?SS,
Er*.
. J%a'29 tf 5
Deiitristy.
TjTfeR. *J. B.' COURTNEY respectfully in
3L9 forms his old friends and the public goneral
i y that be is prepared to do ali work in thc
DENTAL LINE, in the best -manner, and on
short notice. Ile will wait on parties at their
roMdeaco when requested to do So. Letters ad
dressed bim at Ea se field C. H., or- at Granite
^lre^wiUreceiToprompt attention.-! - ?
tMay"22- ?? 3jm*_2*
Tor Sheriff.
;The Friends "of Capt, A. P* WEST respeoUul
ly announce bim as* a Candidate for Sheriff ol
Edgefield at the next elootion.
NOT 7 te? 45
^EBT- Wo have been, authorited by the Friends
of Capt. ?. 30ULWARE io announce him
Canciidate for 'iherifF of Edgefield ' District at the
.nert election.
Apr 12 te* 16
^B For Tax Collector.
The Many Friends, of D. A. J. BELL, Esq..
respXictfuBy "nominate him as a Candidate foi
Tm Collector at ibo next election.
Oct, IS ta 43
For Tax Collector.
TOE many Friends o? Capt. JAMES MITCH
-ELL respectfully nominate him as a Candidate
for TAX COLLECTOR at the next election. .
SALUDA.
Deo S te* 50
MANUFACTORY.
. EDGT3FIELD, S. C.
THE Subscribers respectfully announce tba
they are now prepajed td do all work in th.
COACH MAKING and REPAIRING. B?SI
'"?ESS that taiy bo entrusted to them, in a work
manlike manner, and with neatneaaand dispatch
. We haye on hand ? few CARRIAGES and eu
potior BTOGIES, of nnr nwn manufacture, whicl.
wo will sell low.
All kinds of REPAIRING done promptly anrl
warranted to givo satisfaction.
?-"Sk"** Aa we sell ONLY FOR CASH, our price
are unusually reasonable. Ail*we ask is a trial.
SMTFIT & ?OXES.
. Mar 7 tf 10
FISK'S PATENT
METALLIC BURIAL CASES
AND CASKETS!
THil Subscriber has just received an assort
mont of these? beautiful Rosewood fin-sL
.METALLIC BURIAL CASES and CASKETS
-Air-tight and indestructible-for protecting and
preserving the D^ad-which hi- will sell at but a
moderate advance on original cost and transporta
tion. Wherever introduced these Ca??s haye tb
preference over all other*. v
tgr"Orders promptly tilled. Terms, of course
strictly Ca?h. J. M. WITT.
E.lgefigld, Mar IS _^ .^tf ll
M?) li?EHY Iror
I. IV. TJGACOT,
EDGEFIELD, S. C
H"^4e?sedSl*';Whitakcr Stables for tho pur
pose of conducting*' ^general "SALE AND
I.rv'KRr STABLE BUSH-ESS.
HORSES left in "his charge will receive the
bet attention. '."'.S
.BUGGIES, CARRIAGES ind HACKS, aid
cood gentle HORSES; to hiro whenevor called
for. .
DROVERS will find ample accommodatioaat
my Stables.
ga*-"Terms reasonable.
Feb 14 - . if 7
-.T2V_,_-_
S
- flRHE.Subscribir having been-.appointed Agent
JL of then
GERMANIA, HANOVER, NUGARA &
REPUBLIC JFIRE IX SI RAN CE
COMPANIES
Of .New Yurfc,-the .n-rgrcp-rtc Cash Assetts of
. which is NEAR THREE,MILLIONS OF DOL
LARS-is prepared to take risks against loss or }:
damage by Fire .-an liberal terms.
. I .* ?. W.-CAR WILE, Agent.
Feb 13_. , tf 7
SPEOTAGiES
For Old and Young
.T- HAVE on hand a largo and choice variety ol
I SPECTACLES, including Patent Perescople
LENS and jscuaine Scotch PEBBLES. Also
EYE GLASSES, EYE PROTECTORS, Ac.
Give mo a call. I can suit your*Byei.
D. F. MCEWEN.
Oct 31 -tf
To the Public.
F. McEWEN, having received a COM
FLETE ASSOMMENT OF WATCH
_ LTERIALSS would respectfully inform- his
friend ? and the publie generally that ho is now
.prepared to. oxes a to, with dispatch, all work
in tho
W&m Impairing Department.
G?" All w?rVii?nVtiy Bim will be warranted.
Alvina of HAIR WORK and SOLID GOLT
JEWELRY mad.j to order.
TEP.MS CASH. No woric will be allowed tr>
louve the Shop untii paid for.
OM :?; I_ tf _44
Just Received,
,try*$ CASE G:SNUINE*JONGRES3 WATER.
si*
te .
For salo by' TEAGUE k CARWILE.
May 23 tf 21
D
Just Received,
RAKE'S PLANTATION BITTERS;
RUSS' ST. D'OMIS"OTO SITTERS ;
.GREEN!? OX YGENATED BITTERS,
For Bili low bv ? ' j
TJSAGUS k CAEWILE.
ftfjSf tf ? 1
BRAZIL. ;
AT ?he especial request of many readers,
in order supply numerous applies nts, wa re
lish from the Advertiser of Sd M..y last, the
ablo and interesting Report o' Maj. Rpi
MERIWETHER and Dr. H. A. SHA ?v, the Agen
the Edge5eld Colonization Society;-, appoint?
visit Brazil and explore portie 23 of that
Empire.-ED ADV.
Mr.. EDITOR :-Moro than six months ago,
before the policy of tho govcrnn ont toward
was clearly indicated, tho minds of thousand
our people were undecided as to -Iheir fufare 1
tiny. The prospects before thein were *so
couraging, that many indeed roso red to aban
their home?, though hallowed by Ul the ch?ris
recollections of their youth, and consecrated
the blood of their manhood, and to seek an asy
among strangers, in a far distant land.
With that purpose in view, they formed th<
selves into a Southern Colonization Socie ty, el ec
the undersigned, President, and designated Mt
ROBT. MERIWETHER and Dr.' H. A. SHAW,
this DIstriot and State, as their asen? tcrproo
tb Brazil, exploro tho country, make necess
arran gemen ts for their removal, an i, in' any eve
to report to mo the result of their observations
That Report I have the ho not, herewith,
submit, and at the request of many citizens,
offer for publication. Its intrinsic ni-ritirv
recommend it to tho perusal of yoi ( rt rii ri. A
our political sky is not yet so clear, ?WI the 1
of reason may not turn towards a (righter hua
for relief from the doubt and obscurity that hi
envclopo it J vision. "
Very respectfully <fcc~
. JOSEPH ABNEY
To Maj. Jot. Abney, President Southern Colonii
tion Society, Edyefield C. H., So. Ca.
Sir,-In obedience to written in-trucliuns I
eel ved from you, to examine portions of the E:
pire of Brazil, and report to you tlu result of 0
investigations, as to climate, productions, laws, i
ligion kc, wo left Augusta Qa., about the 18th
Oct ISM, on the R. R. ria Washington Cit
where ire procured passports, and proceeded
New York* Securing passage on th* North Ara?
ion, one of the Brazil and United States line
Steamers to Rio De Janeiro, we left New York 1
tho 30th of October, and arrived at.Rio on t1
26th of November. At Rio we mst several ge
tlemen from the South, who had boen in Ern:
several mouths, on tho samo mission that carri
bs thither. Amongst them we formed "the a
quaintance of Dr. GASTON- of Columbia, S. (
who had made rather au extensive tour in tho 1
tarior of the province of St. Paulo, ile intr
duced us to his Excellency, Paulo Sosa. Minist
uf Agriculture, to whom we explained tho ?bjee
of our visit, and presented our credentials. Tl
Minister offered us every facility desired in tl
prosecution of our investigat'ons, furbishing tran
portation, a guide, an interpreter, and in mo:
cases, food and. lodging.
Tho portions of the Empira we were instrucii
to visit and examine, wv re so extensive, and F
tifficult of access, with the means of transportii
;ion attainable in Era: il. that moro than two year
rould have been required for tbeaccomplishmen
>f such an enterprise. We therefore conclude
ip select a portion of the Territory designated ii
mr instructions, which we suppo. ed best adaptei
:o the wants and necersities of c .r people a
lom?, and (o c<-,n? nc our examinations to thu
particular Province. ~
On our voyage out, we stopped at Pefnambuco
where we satisfied ourselves that the climat,
would not suit the people of our State. It lie:
within 10 degrees of the Equator, and perpetua
bummer reigns there.* The climate is darrfp an<
jot, though said to ho healthy, hut yet tho ever
isting beat must enervate the system and brea!
he constitution of man. In this province, how
wer, is grown the best quality of upland cotton
Extracts from an English paper now ut henri
mote Pernambuco cotton at from 1 to l*d bigbei
han any. other in the great cotton mart of thc
rorld. Sugar and tobacco are also grown here in
preat perfection. We stopped also at Bahia, two
ir three hundred miles south of Pemambuc",
There also cotton, ingar, tobacco and all The Tro
ncal fruits are grown in great perfection. Still
he climate, as in Pernambuco, is Equatorial, and
?able to the same objections.
After fui? and complete inquiry and investiga
ron, the Province of St Paulo, lying between 22
md 2 j degrees South Latitude, appeared to us
the most suitable for our people, oe account of
health, climate and productions, b;ing by its
irhole length and breadth, just .within the frost
Line', except, its higher table lands, which are free
from frost thc yeor round. With the purpose of
exploring this Province thoroughly, we left Rio,
in'company with'Dr. OASTOX, ?*/ho as--above
stated, bad ceen a considerable portion thereof,
with tho guide and interpreter^ whein the Mini -
ter of. Agiiculiurc had commissioned 0 attend us,
and went by Steamer to Santos, its seaport tow.,.
Wo examined the country around ibis place, f .r
fifty miles, but were not satisfied v. itii ita health
fulness, productions or soil. *?r
Convincing ourselves that the c jtntry, lying
between.the mountains and seacoast, ad no large
bodies of farming lands, wo directed .dor atten
tion to th?-iaterior, beyond the. moun ains which
bound the coast Therefore,-wo took thc cr>
over tho St Paulo and Santos Railroad, the pr<>
prietors kindly giving us free passage both gobi
and returning. ? This Railroad is n-H yet com
ploted, bat the cars pass over it to about twenty
miles beyond tho city of St. Paulo, tho capital of
the province of the samp name, and it is graded
to Jundice, forty nu iles from the capital. Its whole
completed length is eighty or ninety miles,- con
necting th> interior of the province with the sea
board, at Santos. This port, we omit id to mcm
tion, has ? very" capacious harbour, in inlet for
ship? of the largest class, and by the first of June,
it is thought its Railroad will be finished. A
survey has been made to contiuue ir. about ono
hu-idrcd miles farther to-Kio' Clara, Ibutnopor
'i'ju of lt is under contract, and. gentlemen con
versant with its affairs, imagine soBM time will
.'apse before operations . to extend il: will com
mence.
At St Paulo we wero provided with animals to
prosecute our j ours cy over a country almost
without roads, for tho entire transportation in the
interior is done on packs, except, that now and
then, a bullock cartis seen hauling a: short dis
tances, over roads which our wagons' certainly
could not pass. These carts are nf tho most
-primitive character, the wheels and a::les are fas
tened together, and al) tum together in moving.
Wo .lave often seen as many as ten oyen drawing
't one cart, and sometimes many maro, and not
?.arrying more than two thousand pcunds. The
.ixen too, are as. fine a3 w<j hove evor reen.
Our first aim was to examine a traci: of country
lying between two mountain ranges, .trained and
?:onn ctcd with tho vf. by a navigable stream,
.vhore wo were Informed, w?ro largo bodios of
i uhKo lands, and thea to s irvey u. portion of
country farther in the interior, whem we heard*,
tere also public lands, and tb? se the' richest and
healthiest of ?the province. Wo com nenccd o.ur
tour on the'ISthpf December-1603, g?:ng to Itnp
51'aningufl, thu nearest pas? ovor the mountains to
.Tnr-deVination, huton arriving th?re. learned
.he utter impracticability of crossing. Neither
omn nor btast could pan at that p?nt From
t?nico to X ir eric a, a little town on the river ]
pe, the head of navigation, which we dc?ir
reich, it was forty miles or less, and we wer
vised it would take five days to reach it, nil
provisions for man' or animal on tho road,
al. o beard from'what we deemed good anthe
that although the lands were rich, tho climat
al.mg-tho great mountain range of this c
wi ich separates the interior from the seaboai
so damp, that cotton and corn can not bo suci
fully-produced. Somo Ono' laughingly repa:
that it rained throe hundred and sixty-six i
in the year -on the Big Sierra, as they call
mountain range in Brasil. It was thorefore pi
that we cither had to abandon this part of
trip or the-other, and hero we agreed with
GASTOK, that he should go over tho mount
and examine the lands in that direction, ,v!
j we turned in the other. The Doctor promise
give us a full account of his investigations,
we encased to do the same for him. This
all subsequently dene, and his report to us
bo apponded to this. We therefore changed
course towards the interior, in the directioi
Botucutu and Lencoes, whore we heard tl
were public lond?, but on our arrival there, foi
i- a mistake. All the lands were owned by ]
va to pnrries. From St. Paulo to this place,
the direct roa'o. is ?tb-ut one ht. >dred aud-f
mil ij. Thr present terminus of tho R. E. is
rc;i or twenty miles nearer. Tho nod, if ri
lt may be called, leading to it, pa-.;us-ovcr a tr
o? ?0?.Try, except for ?cinc twenty or forty mi
. ?.all'd hero campo,-without treosor other grot
upo'a it than grassland a few small bu.-hes. 'J
lands on these cumpos are not cultivated at :
but used fur pastures. Thc people here conti
hst if ploughed, they would produce well, 1
.)<? one hus tried it. In our opinion, th. y aro i
?n'tfor farming purposes. As-intimated abo
-here aro some superior farming lands on t
route, and we saw cotton that would make c
thiMisuud pounds per acre, or more, and corn ll
would yield twenty-five or moro bushels por ac
all cultivated with the hoc Wo saw cotton in
'stages of growth,-some just planted, and to:
up fivo or six inches,-somo in full bloom, a
some planted the year previous, with bolls opt
Wo also suw cotton gins at work, driven by ste?
by water and by hand. All tho cotton here is
good quality.
The traveller in going from St. Paulo to Bol
catu, with the exception of th es o twenty or mc
miUs of good farming lands, tnd a patch
woodland now and then in which are usually
house and a small field, planted in corn and heat
will say he has travelled over a vast plain u
friendly to agriculture ; and so, in our opinion
is. But in the midst of this extensive campo
plain," or if you please, barren waste, sudden
rises up a mountain or succession of inountair.
about fifty or sixty miles long, by ten or twel
miles wide, evidently of apeculiar volcanic form
tioo. As this mountain District was the most i
tere.? tin g visited, wc examined it with the greate
care, and satisfied ourselves that it contained tl
richest lands we had 'ever seen. This immcm
and inconceivably fertile tractis owned, and,
some oxteut, cultivated by small farmers. Ask
man "bow much land do-yow own," andbiausm
reply is " I do not know exactly, but it is fou
six, or ten miles long, and from. four to six mil*
broad." The lands of Brii7.il, except in rare ii
stance?, havo not been .surveyed, and ito one wit
whom we have conversed on this subject, V.nor.
bow" much land he owns.-All guess. We saw cir
growing cn these lands, which would yield mor
than fifty bushels per acre. The timber is cu
down, allowed tu lie and dry for two months, com
monly, und thon set on fire. AU the timber nc
consumed by the fire, remains just-as the fire lol
it, till it rots. Then usually with a stick-sharp
ened at tho end, sometime*) with a hoe-a hole i
made in thc ground, the seed, from fivo to lei
grains, put into this hole and covered with th
foot, and this is all tho cultivation thc crops re
ceive. "Corn, cotton, rice, sugar cane, - tobacco
coffee and all the Tropical fruits grow here ii
frreat perfection. We saw peaches and grape;
also ut good quality. The most of these land,
are exempt from frost,-tho health of thia regioi
is said to be unexceptionable-tho water of tin
purest freestone, and tho water-power equal tc
any in the world. Stock of all kinds, hogs anc
cat ie especially, nre superior. Tho usual deptt
of soil is supposed to bc thirteen feet, but it i:
known to be twenty or more in some places. Il
this tract of country hud convenient and easy
communicatiif? with thc trade of the world, il
lhere night ho any to ?qual, there could certainly
bo none to surpass it. Its present outlet is by
the Railroad, one hundred and twenty-fivo miles
to its terminus, and from eighty to'one hundred
tulles \>y it to Santo*. Another eutlet may be
open od for it aerosj tho l?g Sicrraulludod toabovo.
In that direction, it is from -eighty to one hun
dred miles to steamboat navigation.
These Inndrrcan bc purchased ?ii from one te
two'.l??ar? piT-a.'rc, and somo tracts or parcels
with considerable improvements.
li' a large number of families ire in thu States
should settle there", wc havo been assured official
ly, t?l?'.'gooil road? will l c opened up immediate
ly ; ana" UTspracticable to connect thia District
by R. R. with the St. Taulo II. lt.. or by R. R.
o'ver tho Big Sierra t<> thc head of navigation.
Bunning parallel willi Ibis mountain range is
th" riv :r Time, and"for about Iwenfy injlos dis
tant, . r-iih'-r sido of'whjfb, arc lands of thc
best quality, producing br?ry dcecriptiofi Strops,
except coffee, in thc greatest perfection and abun
dance. There were some fi- Ids of as good, ii
not better cotton than we ever saw before and
without doubt the best " cultivated graso," whole
fields of whioh were from five to seven feet high,
and eaten by the animals with the greatest avidi
ty^ There too, we found cern good enough for
any country. Fifty bushels per r.crc is a small
estimate for it Our information is, that for more
than one hundred miles down this valley, tho
samo quality of land continues. It bolongs to
private individuals, and cnn bo bought at from
fifty to sevonty-fivo cl.-:, pur acre. It is proper to
mention herc, that tho territory forty or fifty
miles south of tho mountain range above referred
to, is in tho hands of tho indians. Thc lauds in
this valloy wo believe to bo as good for cotton as
ang in the United States. Tho ordinary estimate
of this crop is from two to three thousand lbs,
with but little cultivation. Tho character of tho
soil is what is usually calbd with-us "Mulatto,"
and its depth from eight inchos to fivo feet But
a great objection to this exceedingly fertile valley
is its liability to chills, which are sometimes ma
lignant.
In describing these lands more ?partioularly, it
is perhaps proper to remark that tho mountains,
though rising to a considerable hoight, havo usu
ally several long slopes almost level in ascending
them, and the larger portion of them is levol
enough for cultivation. You go along a- slope
slightly ascending, for several miles, then up a
steep i scent for a half milo or so, to anothjr
' long sbpo almost level, and so on till you reach
; the summit, which is also a large level tract, from
a half to two miles wide. Thia land is nearly all
" terra roccha," of the first quality. Tho woods
are apparently one immense canobrake, though
! the catie ia muoh larger than that grown in the
States, and called here " bamboo." Timber is
aband-nt ; including furniture wood of the finest
grain, and that most aili table and required fox
1 ?bir-bttildiDg.
gt
Wo have been particular in tho deacriptio
these lands, for if .a number of oar people g
Brazil, the Districts of Botucatu and Lcncoes,
the adjoining rands pf the Tiete river, constil
the section we advise them to examine. In
opinion, a splendid, future awaits this portioi
the province. . -
We saw other goodlands,, but they were i
high state of cultivation, for Brazil, and co
not bc purchased for less than twenty-?ve, fi
and a hundred dollars-per acre, since they w
planted in coffee. At Arraqaarra, about, tro hi
dred milos from St. Paulo, a tract of country,
Facienda aa it is called there,-is o fibred ."or sc
by Dr. GAVIAS of St. Paulo, containing from (
hundred nud forty to one hundred and eigl
thousand acres of land for one hundred andtwi
ty-five thousand dollars, on a crodit of ton
fifteen years if desired. We examined this, a
suppose that from fifteen to twenty-five thonsa
ecres of it are of good quality, -including soi
coffee binds, and would produce corn, sugar k
to perfection. A large portion of it is campo,.!
the best quality of campo wo have seen in t
province. The other'is woodland, and will pi
duce corn and cotttra very 'well. The fifteen
twenty thousand acres of good land alluded
above is " terra roceha" a? the Brazilians term
which moans land of inexpressible richness ai
fertility. Upwards of two hundred of very fii
cattle aro included ja. this great bargain ; and
dwelling house, some outbuildings and. one .hu
dred acres of cultivated Jand comprise, the ii
provemonts ou thc place. Each of us hus a mi
of this groat private domain and will furnish it
any ono who desiresjt, with all the inform, tb
we have in regard.tc* its advantages.
Lands which Ho too. low for coffee, nro ve J
little estimated by thc Brazilians, and in li
District of Cumperras, within twenty or thin
miles of tho B. R. arc sumo very fine farms,
this description, with go-d improvomrnts, wi.ic
cati be purchased, for from twa to fi. c dollars pj
acre. Much of these lands nre- " terra rocuha
and all of them will produce corn, su^ar cut
and cotton, udniiraWy. Two gentlemen "from tl
States, ono from Alabama and thc other fro
Louisiana, have already purchased and se tilt
there.
Br. Gaston reports that after overcoming tl
difficulty of passing tho mountains, and tho dat
gcrs and fatigue incident thereto, he pushed h
investigations in the- direction of Iguape an
Cannaneo, and found large bodies of puLlicdand
which although not so rich as tho " terra roccba
of the interior, yet producing liwe orops of cn
sugar cane, rice, tobacco, and, in some instance
coffee. The few. days he remained there, tb
weather was plcaean?fand tho transportado
easy and cheap, costing less than one half of tb
price from the interior. He thinks it healthj
except on tho water courtes, and the price of th
lands is only twenty-two eta per acre, on a crodi
of fivo years without interest. Several ramil it
from Alabama and Texas havo already settle
there. We hope tbis^ section may be as des?r?bl
as the Doctor imagines, for it is immediately 01
ono of the routes to a seaport, from tho exceed
ingly fertile District! described above, and th
.improvements of its rcxritory-wiJl assist; in th
settlement of thc other". " The river lcuape i
navigable fur steamboats a? fur up as Xirerica
distant from tho District we ha# chosen abou
one hundred mi lp.-, but unlike the Ticte, ?IP ravi
gaiion-is uninterrupted by falls and shoals.
*Wc deem it oar duty to ?tato, that the price 0
negroes bas decreased one half during our !taj
in thc Empire. It is said that thc outside senti
ment is thp cause. At any rate all classes ngrci
thnt tho day is not distant when emancipator
must come. We have heard of somo gangs 0
negroes including men, women and children, be
ing offered by tho year for fifty dollars euch
though the usual price is from sixty tn a hundred
and twenty. For plantation hand?, the hir :r pays
all expenses.
The law requires tho purchasers of lands tu
pay six per cent cash, one time, on their prime
cost, os a tax to tho government. With this ex
ception, tho farmer, we believe, never pays any
tax during life. Wc will also mention, that it is
thought by well informed persons, that this small
burden will soon be removed from all immigrants.
The health of the table landa of this Province,
is represented by the native and foreigner as rcry
youd, with tho exception of the flats' and lew
grounds near tho larger rivers, which nre .subject
to chills and intermittent fevers. A few specr'tic
diseases as Goitro and Leprosy are seen. Cases
of thc latter appear but seldom, tl ongh a consid
erable number of tho former aro observed among
thc poorer classes. It is thought generally to bo
produced by poor diet, damp houses ?fcc. The
temperature also throughout the table lads, notj
withstanding we were there during the summer"
months, varies from 56 to 30? in tho shade. Du
ring winter, it varies generally, we understand
from 40 to 155?, though somofimes it comes down
to the freezing point producing icc.
In Santos, tho seaport of this Province, about
forty-five miles from tho table lands, and about
throe thousand feet lower, thc mercury varied
during the years 18G3 and '64, from 67.1 to 83.2.
viz: January 8.3.3, February 82, March 79, April
77.3, May 09.9, Juno 69, July 67.1, August 67.5?
September 70.3, Octobor 71.6, November 7-1 C,
December 78.2.
Tho principal objections to thc country are the
language, Portugeso, thc mixed doss of its popu
lation, und thc want of proper facilities for edu
cation and Un usp or U (ion, though it apueurs from
ait thc 'acts we could gather, that there is astoady
iuiprot einen t ?? ibo two lutter objections.
This report would be incomplete und unsktit*
factory, if concluded without a statement ot tim
prices, particularly for tho necessaries cf life.
The cost then of clearing forest lands according
to the custom of the country, is fgum $1.50 to
$2.00 per acre. Horses, domesticated, can be
bought for from $20, to $40; unbroken, from $15
to $30; mares, from $5 to $10 ; Jacks, from $50
to $100; pock mules, from $25 to $30; riding
mules, from $10 to $80 ; unbroken in lots, from
$12 to $15; fat hogs weighing two bundrod
pounds each, from $5 to $S ; breeders and pigs,
in proportion : Sheep from $1.50 to $3.00 inferior
and scarce; goats, from $1 to $2; milk cows, ia
lots, from $8 to $10 ; single, $12 to $15; oxen fat,
from $12 to. $20; work oxen, from $30 to 40;
corn usually from 50 to 75 cts., though during
this summer, there has been a great scarcity,
caused by a drought, during last soason, said to be
the firs't for nearly twenty yoars. We poid from
75 cts. to $3.00 per bushel. Beans aro worth from
$1 to $1.25 per bushel ; rico from $2 to $3 ; coffeo
from 7 to 10 cts per lb ; leather from $3 to $5,
per side ; sugar from 6 to 8 eta. ; rum from 25 to
30 cts. per gallon ; banannas, limes and lemons
1 from ? to-? ct. eaoh ; orangos from i to 1 ct. each,
and pineapples abundant, and in season, from 1 to
2 cts. each.
Tho above are the prices furnished us by citi
zens in the interior. In the larger Towns, most
of those products, particularly fruit, aro mueh
higher.
Tho religion of tho4 Stato is Catholic, though
dj others are tolerated, still no Protestant is al'
lowed to build a steeplo or place ? Cross on bli
Church. Should ever our people he lisposod tc
immigrato to Brazil, it Is of the utmost importance
that there should be a concort of action amour,
them. If they contemplate going in any 'consul
' ?rable numbers, preliminary arrangements ehoulc
i bc mano for shelter ^nd aib?btcnco, ?md all 0:
.
them should settle within a reasonable di
one another. If this important conside:
lost sight of, many Trill, it is feared,* beco
satisfied for the want-ofproper association
bors'Ao., and tho result-will bo, that tl
have to move to other American settlem
be morgcdj in a short time, "in ^he-foreign
by whichjthey w:!l be surrounded. A fe
lies, or a few dozen families can find amp
sisterice and stiol'ter in ?'most of "the sett
visited by'us, but if moro than these pn
settle far in rho interior, at the samo t
would advise them in order to .avoid disa
meut and. distress, to'make ample prep
before doing soi Notwithstnndinjr we utte
words of caution, tho citizens assure us th
will have plenty to subsist a very large i
of immigrants, and in some cases have, '
with, that generosity peculiar to the first <
Brazilians, to divido half, their subsistant
us, without compensation. This offer ii
corn, sugar, coffee, rice-?c. Floor cannot
-in the interior, as there is np wheat grown
Paulo, though we understand, that at on
wheat was ono of tho principle articles of
from this Province. Wc believe from the c
ter of the best lands," that it could be prow
perfeot success.- . . . ' .
' The goV?fnment- allows ?ll -itnurigruM2
tro-hice.'for t^eir'owrVuse", froc'of duty, al
Slea cT prir>jc nccfrsity, steh nslools of all
"'.tgrns, gear, machinery', furniture Ac.
should not be forgotten by'th? ?migrun?,
tho interior, you will* find only thc ave,
h-ink, and bullock oi.rt, ind they, except th
of the rudest mafiofaetofer- Ploughs eau L
.oTy in thc' l?rgc-r To'wr.pyhnd-- none havo
on by ns'that arc suitable- -for the ordin?r;
: i ration of tho products of this country.
Seed of every variety, especially for the ga
. h"uld be carried in bottles, securely co
Clothing, shoes, hats^ dry goodi' ic.,' cn
bougbtchoapcriu Brazil than in the United S
ilmvy shoes for plantation use, however
Scarce in ibis market. They should bc I
frt.m thu States, und also plough-gear ol'al
scriptions, as well as cooking utensils. Pei
it would be advisablo for each fi.ru?ly to pr
themselves with a suitable cooking steve, as
will find no chimneys in the interior, brick-s
and expensive, and stone not very abundar
the vicinity of tho best landa. ."
. Transportation from New York th Rio D'
neiro by tho "mail steamer has been' rcduc
?200 in gold, second class S100, children a
creast without cost, from twelve to fourteen,
prico, under twelve, one third. All emigran
Brazil arc allowed a discount on this lino <
percent.: tho first class paying $140, om
second.classes $70. But we cannot telHf asir
deduction ia allowod the children.
Th- steamers on Ibis line make tho tri]
twenty-six days, having to touch at several pl
in tho dischargo of their duties. Passage ca
had on a good sail vessel- at most of the por
the United States, nt from $75 to $100 fur tho
class, and for the second class, at much less,
haps ono half the time hoing from forty to s
days. Fr. m Rio to Santos, the principal sea
of. St.Paulo it would cost about ?20, though
see that tho Government has gcnerously issu
that burthen itself, and from thence ta 'he i
rior, you can pass over a Railroad for about nil
miles. Wo have already furnished you will
abridged report of Ibo law of Brazil, Jetting fi
all thc points in which the emigrant is ?nteres
and will cot elab?ralo thereon in this cxtea
communication.
In conclusion, you will pardon us for mdulg
in some general observations, as thc truthful
suit of our ei*pcrk-nco. Tho vast domain of li
zi! contains the mo.-t fertile soil in tho I." nive:
and ra-rc cheap hinds to ullnro tho emigrant ti
any other nation under thc suu. Fer thc sup
of thc millions tbat will roon bc flocking to
heres, sbc abouuds in the precious metals i
. jtly gems, and in the most valuablo produ
known to commerce. " Tho cuttle upon a tin
sand hills" are hers, and may bc youri, und su
cattle ns man never beheld in any other elli
The earth yiulds almost spontaneously, the gn
and fruir, and vegetable?, tLat mo?t delight t
palate ami satisfy thc w.ants of men. To ?rat:
the sportsman, the woods aro full of game,
deer, of wild hogs, and partridges and quails, a
of the most delicate birds of every lino and
every description, whilst her innumerable rive
and water courses teem with fish of the groatt
variety and tho finest flavor. And if the peoi
do not catch and cat, it is only because her otb
productions are so highly prized that they dec
it wiser to devote their time to those, and to "fi:
with silver hooks." Thcro is nothing that rn:
needs or can fancy, which ho may not raiso
procuro herc, with tho least imaginable toil. II
water power is sufficient to drive all thc machin
ry in the world, and her natural and matcri
resources ure equal to thc support of thc po'puli
lion of China.
Below Rio, tho Seasons hr? precisely oppose 1
ours, their spring or planting season, beginnic
wit h thu bcgiiiuing ot' our Kail, and their eumiu<
beginning with our first, ano! ending willi our lo
winter month. But that nothing may bc wautin
for tho encouragement ol' tho agriculturist, in tb
happy regii-n, unlike most of the other purtioi
or the habitable Globe, thc summer is its wei, uu
the winter its dry season, and it3 good lau.
never wash away.
It may bc asked however,. what uro tho hit
drancus and drawbacks to tho population and di
velopment of this wondrous territory? Whit
natural enimios has lt to man, end to thc product
of tho earth, what wild ferocious animals, an
enormous reptiles to disturb his repuec, and wlin
noxious insects to dostroy tho fruits of his labor
When we answer these questions frankly, you wi!
be amazed nt. tbe hallucinations under which yoi
have labored all your lifo. Wo'traversed on
Provinco for over a thousand miles, taking si:
months from our departure hence, to make ou
explorations, and during the whole of that period
wo discovered no ravonous beasts worth uamin?
aud only throe or four serponts of diminutiv?
sito, and no moro to be feared than those seer
every day in your fields and forests. The insect:
that prey upon the crops, including tho red ant
aro not so destructivo as thoso which infest om
richest lands, and thcro ls no rust, or suflicien t fros
to chock er obstruct tho growth of their beautifu
cotton, Moreover, sinco the memory of man
thero has boca no earthquake there, no subtcrra
naan fire, no Volcanic eruptions to appal tho heart;
or to disturb the security of its inhabitants, ont
its men and women live to a ripor,old age that
even* in this onoo favored country.
Though there aro a few legal and religious ot
canonical impediments to tho foreigner or e ui
grant, such as that ho rr ay not roach one or l.w<
of the highest offices if the State, and may not
if a Protestant, erect a Cross upon his Church
yet the whole spirit of Brazil is opposed to mci
hindrances, and a mighty and united effort is r.ov
being made, with the most certain prospects o
success, to place the naturalized citizen and tb
native Brazilian on an exact equality, in all rights
in all privileges, and iu all honors that the Gov
i crnment can bostow.
i Tho constitution of tho Empire is modele?
i after tho British, abating some of the'moat objec
. ! t* jnablo features, such as the rights of prirnogen
- ' iture, and a hereditary nobility, and the workinj
I'of tho government is harmonious, steady, jos
f I and po wjrfuL Tho Emperor il a wiso ami mag
n?nimous Ruler, sprung from.an ptclkeni
illustrious race, and> ready\t all times to
scond to any man or thing, compatible wi
dignity of his crown, for the advancement
interests and the glory, of fis country. JJ
his ministry, and indeed, his entire poople, t
to bo animated and actuated by tho some cnl
"and-generona *iews of the_ future greata?
tho.destirjy of his'Wide and magnificent..]
The foreigner on entering his dominions fii
prejudices to combat, ho trntiptfthieii to avoi
a liberal Meister ready to wefooine, and a
Lotion ro.grect him, .and a Sovcrcigtf' to,offe
the powerful protection of" his government.
. A large society.for.tho promotion, if emigi
baa been organized, and some of t be ables
most honored personages ia the com try appi
its directors, Its special objects are to ni<
tako caro of tho foreigner onlsis larding, tc
tect him from want as well as from the frau
the designing, and .to vindicate his right!
privileges before the Governmentand the con
of^be natlqn. The Government hi s a?s? e
lished a Hotel for thc shelter and ac :ommodi
of the same class of individuals.. C ?rp.? of <
neers and-surveyor^ JI.ITO been >apj)o.inted to
road? and surrey*Jan.d.Jr and themis ? spontan
I nirfveiaeat of -tuc wbule Empire to open wid
arms for ?ho men of enterprise and labrr ol
nations who bavo u-xiind to seek tH gran
'b?a'j-c for:thc exercise of their energies anx
Ji.-pTay of their goniin over presented on the
'o?'tho ?rreen earth. t " '
'.-..>. Very respectfully,
.Your^obedient servants,
. . ?> . -*R0BT. MER.RX*t'i"ETHi!l
H.A. SHAW;
----? --
Homicide.
Hr. Lemuel Lane,, of this district, was 1
tidly murdered fist Friday night, by?a ni
jier pt' freedmen, together with one ot'
yvliit?jnenj as weare, informed.. The inst
ment used was-an ase or hatchet. It appe
, thai be was.hMcep ond?r the-shade of-a la
u'ee near thc door, of bis dwelling, wit
little son" by*his side. The party stealtl
ii.proachcd tho sleeper,.and with one
blow despatbed thu uufortunatc ?uan, v
passed, apparently^'without" a groton or ni
mur, to the eternal world|-for bis little ?
! ?lept calmly on, unconscious of his latbt
"mel fate. Mr. Lane had in bis poese-*
between eight and nine ^thousand dollars
gold, which was the key to this a'rocious
sign. His daughter, eldest son aiir? Sir. Hell
? a guest, escaped. The two latter were c
ried some distance and tied, but sccceeded
liberating themselves. It is believed that l
party, after getting the gojtl, mad j a gene
distribution, then stealing a quautiiy ot mc
whiskey and two mules, went in tbe directi
uf Columbia. Before daylight, -Saturd
morning, as soon as a few men could be ?}
' together, pursuit was made. Burnt ringe i
the ways ot Providence. It would szem tl
two of the party, arriving near Columb
met several little boys at play, and accosti
them, asked if there was-not 3 nigh cut acrt.
to the Charlotte Railroad, which was j
swered in the affirmative ; also if there w
oot a spring near by. The boys went wi
th?m to point out the spring, when, in s tor
ing to drink, a bag of money fell from cte
?ibeparty, which'-excited an exclamation
surprise from the boys. They wrrehush
up with an oath and a threat. Th? men th
?eft Ibo spring, and tbe boys, alarmed, we
home and informed. Pursuit was :hcn ma
by several citizens of Colombia, wherenpi
the party discovering their pursaeis, instar
!y ran in opposite directions. They wou
not halt. One was shot and the other ca
j tured. Thc man sbet was recognized by
colored boy wno formerly lived here, as Jo!
Counts, alias John LJawkins, the other w
confined in the Columbia jail. John Conn
lind eighteen hundred dollars in spode aboi
his person. The otLcr, who gave his name i
Cook, bad a small amount of momjy, and
pistol with Mr. Lane's name engraved thereo
We understand that twelve or thirteen ni
under arrest -jere suspected of complicity i
the murder.-Newberry Herald, 1st inst.
From*the Columbia Carolinian we cull th
following additional particulars of %the li
mentable aud fiendish murder of Hr. Lane
It is now definitely known that seven
persons were engaged in tho murder of tb
unfortunate victim, and ail the circvinstance
indicate that ikey bad prepared the way fo
ihe committal of tne crime.
Two young mon named Heller end Lani
(a son of the.murdered man,) were asleep 01
the piazza and were awakened to fivd H whit
man and three or-four negrors standing ovr
'bern. By these they were bound and-kep
tinder guard, the killing having already t?kei
place, and the robbery of e p.-onuVs o ui
Qicnced. Scarcely anything of value wa
If fr, even to the bacon and provision::. Then
were S8.5O0 in geld aod silver and :'<2,200 it
'/reenbacks in thc house, all of -which w<
learn was taken.
Ai goon rei the robbers had disappeared
:!;"! young men freed themselves fi om theil
?nd.?, and then for ?tito first time tho ful
measure ol thc cym'.' was made knewn. Thc
i'ar;:i was immediately given and bartie!
commenced to -earch for tho perpctiators.
Une or the teamsters on tho plantation
who but recent I j' accompanied Mr. Lane tc
'Columbia, was arrested and made "x> bring
back n quantity of bacon, which be did aftei
Ihe lat .ne of an hour ; and, on a second trip?
\chich lasted only filtoen minutes, he brongbt
hack more, bacon and thfdogs that JiadpH
vwuily been taken ?wnj. He is said to be
ihe brother ol' the ?jan John, killed near Co
lumbia by Mr. Starling, and with three others
\* confined in the Newberry jail. Of the
white man nothing is yet known.
.GENERAL BEAUREGARD IN FRAM E-Thc
.correspondent of thc New*York Times, wri
ting from Lon lon, says :
General Beauregard was well received in
England, in private circles, but I do not leSrn
that he had the slightest official recognition.
But in France it was far otherwise. He was
6ent for? by tho Emperor, with whom ho had
a long confidential interview at the TuMleries.
after which he conversed with two Ministers
of State, M. Roucher and M. Drou> n de L'
Huys, and was taken in a State carriage to the
Legislative Chambers. It io reported also
that he has had and declined tho offer to take
command of the Roumanian army. The
Emperor Napoleon, in these polite attentions
to the Confederate General, ia carrying ont
the" principle of perfect neutrality to the end,
and makes no distinction between Federal
and Confederate, except, perhaps, to treat
the latter, as tho conquered party, with a
more delicate consideration. To tho Emperor,
General Beauregard ia only a bravo and ac
complished soldier, of the merits of whose
cause he will not pretend to judge.
HORRIBLE TRAGEDY.-A horrible tragedy
was enacted in Caldwell county, Kentucky,
on Thursday last. Andrew Alexander, sixty
years of age, had; frequent and violent quar
rels with his wifi?. Earljj on Thursday morn
ing, when both man and wife were alone in
the house, the wife shot her husbatd twice
killing him instantly. Alexander's son wat
at the barn, and hearing the roporls of tht
pistol, went to the housc^ As he entered tia
door his step? mother turned a?d fired upoi
. him twee, slightly wounding him each time
' He fled fo tho nearest neighbor's for assis
' tance, and while op the way he heard the re
I port of the pistol again. When the oeighbon
t arrived they found her dead in the yara, she
- having shot herself.
Philosophy tar the Times?
Let those who will, reptne at fate, ' '
.And. droop theit-headg vita sorrow j
I laugh when.cares apon mo wait
?I JCDOW they'll leiivo to-ra orto ir.
My purse is light, but whr.t of that ?
. My heart' ia light to match it,
And if I tear my only coat,
I lapgh the while I patch it
I'vo seen some elves, who call themselves
My friends, in Summer weather,
Blow far 'away in Borrow'? day,
"Ar winds would blow a tether.
I never grieved to see them go '
. (Ibo rascals, "who wonld theed 'em?)
For what's the use of having -friends,
If false when most you need 'em 7
. '?? - '
I've-toen some rich in worldly gear, .
* Eternally repining;
. .Their heart's a prey to every fear
Wuh. gi ad D? i? never shining*.
I would not changer my lightsome heart,
' ? For all their, wealth'and sorrow !
For that.'? a thing that all their wealth
. Can neitherb?g nor borrow. .
. And still ss sorrows come to rae,
As sorrows sometimes .ooma-" .
I find the way to maire them flee,.
Is bidding'.tbenrright .welcome.
"They cannot Drooka cheerful look.;
They re used to sobs and sighing ;
And he that meets them with a smile,.
Js sure to' meet them flying.
-"?-.??"-?
The Memphis Riots.
. The report of the majority of the Commit
tee appointed by Congress to investigate all
the matters connected with the late Memphis
riot, is j dst'what was expected from the Radi
cal character of its members. It is, a? was
doubtless designed, a i?rty report; It will
be ?sed as a campaign document for the ex
r remists against the restoration of ike South.
It lays tire whole blame of the occurrence
?ipon the officers of the City i?overnmecr and.
. ?ie Electors' of Memphis-? It declare* th at
; !,ere is u? loyalty there either to the Gove* n
nejit or the flag. It charges that while p-o
fessing to accept the situation, that its people
a re "inspired with deadly hatred to-the Gov
ernment.
' Nor does the report stop here. , I? ur.r'er
ukes to affirm that (he sentiment of the "Sooth
u not one of acquiescence in the" results of
?he war, but there still exists/t hope that thc
ioctrine of secession"may yet be vindicated.
In the words of tho report, '"they believe iu
the doctrine of secession the same as ever.
Though they have been beaten by arms, they
asser*. and maintain that the principle is tko
same and hope for its vindication." It recom
mends that the Sooth should be kept under
.ni itary surveillance, that the alleged offon
>rs should be arrested, tried'and'punished
by tho military authorities, and not before
he civil tribunals of thc country, and that a
tax should be levied upon ibo citizens o?
Mt-'mpkis.sufficieut to cover the losses of ail
property destroyed.
Mr. Shanklin, of Kentucky, dissented from
the feport.
It thus appears that Congress, on the heel
of its adjournment, is- determined to manu
lacture .ill the capital il can" for the great
issue "before the people in the ensuing fal:
elections.
When will the people cf the North allow
truth and reason to be beard and recogni-/.!
and.eatitr.ate these documents at their prot r
worth, as feared and intended, not for the
advancement of a common unity, but to ?ti
f?ame pasaion and prejudice, and thus aron si*
a sectional agitatiou, by means of whic!<
alone a sectional party will be able to ma : -
tain its power and rule over liberty with a
roiof iron.-Charleston Cdurkr.
*-?? ~o- *
TUE MORALS OF WASHINGTON UNDKK
RADICAL AuaricES.-Thc Washington corres
oo.udent of the New York Watchman, a ti l?
gious journal, thus depicts thc state of mor
als at the National Capital under Radical
auspices :
" Licentiousness and drunkenness are thc
prominent features of Washington life this
season. Members of( Congress spend their
afternoons and evenings in billiard and drink
ing saloons, and their nights in houses of
ill-fame or assignation. Five-sevenths of the
Republican members of Congress spend their
nights in licentious dissipation. While a
majority of the Democratic members Ure
working for the goi? of the country, the op
position, relying on its majority, goes in for a
good time," so called. Washington, under
Abolition auspices, is the most licentious, de
praved city in the Union. Drinking sal.* UH.
?.ambling houses-of prostitution and assigna
tion are about the Capital as side-show: are
about a circus. Harlots and niggers cco.py
i he galleried, smile on their pet members 01
the floor, and throw kisses to the " Gua and
morality" representatives of honest constitu
encies.
Sad, sad indeed, but eyery word true.
Let us hope that, the next election wi'l send
here a different class of men.
. MALCOLM."
GREELEY ON THE COMING CIVIL WAR.
Greely, in his paper of Wednesday, says : " If
any one needs the assurance that "tho Radi
cals" have no idea of engaging in a rebedion, .
then we solemnly assure him that they have
never thought of suoh a thing. There has
been some apprehension of an attempt; back d
by the President, to thrust ex-rebels into
Congress by force, in defiance of the laws of
the land ; and some thought has been given
to the proper means of resisting such gross
usurpation, should it be attempted-as we
have no fear" that it will be. That is the -
foundation-and all the foundation-of Mr.
Raymond's preposterous Roorback."
A SLANDER SUIT IN MISSISSIPPI.-A ven
erable widow lady, in Macon, Miss., in the
course of a tea-party conversation, intered
some insinuations against*the character f a
young lady, an orphan, residing in the ^<rue
city. The young lady was plucky, at A un
willing to have her reputation, her only pos
session, taken from her in that. wa., the
old lady was Indicted for slander. Tho hr .dot
latitude was given to the examination of wit?
nesses, and every incident in the lifo of the
complainant was made the sub/ect ol' inc,ni y.
Sushacase naturally created mach excite
ment in the-neighborhcod. Not a stain co- ld
be fastened upon the young lady's character,
and the jury brought in a verdict of gui rv,
five members uniting in a recommends; ?. ?f
mercy on account of the age and iimrmity cf
the defendant. The Court, in an impr- s ive
raamv.r, sentenced the slanderer to b? tined
five hundred dollars and be imprison i-d six
months. On hearing this, the yourf: -indy
who was the subject of the slander boret into
tears and implored the Court io remit ihe
sentence, declaring that her only object w is
the vindication of her character, and s lis t she
had no "vindictive feelings. Her pier, 'or
mercy was successful, and the fine and rn?
prisonment were remitted.
tS^Somo broto bas stolon tho foo?-stoni om
the grave of little Joe DaviB, at Hollywood, [need
there as a mark of affection by the little I ?cd
giris of Richmond.
pf A" couple of Frenchmen an nco ed in
, Paris that they have discovered-ibo phil' ? peer's
? stone, sind are prepared to convert wire, ti >. cop.
i ( per, Ac, Into gold at the shortest notice. : irtles
i having the precious metal on hand hud better
close :4 out at once for whatever it will brisg. ?