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2 Demterafic 3otuna, Deteh to flyt Souft anbV $Sumlyrn tdig3)ts, ~ tis, Catest leuvs, Citerature, fttrlitj, !Eiuptrance, ar tue & "4We will cling to time Pillars of the Temiple of-our Libertics. and If It nmuot fall. we will Peish anidst time Rue." -- SHlKINS, DUJRISOE & CO., Propritors. -EDGEFIELD, S. C., DECEMBER 15, 1858. " - PUBLIBRED EVER WEDNESDAY MORNING. . MHIS, D. R, DIRISOE & ELIJAH IEESE, PROrRIETORZ. .TRXS OF SUBSCRIPTION. Two DOLLARS per year, if paid in advance-Two DoLLARs and FIrTy CzNTs if not paid within six months-and TRE DOLLARS if not paid before the expiration of the year. Subscriptions out of the District and from other States, must invariably be paid for in advance. RATES OF ADVERTISING. All advertisements will be correctly and conspicu ously inserted at Seventy-firo Cents per Square (12 Brevier lines or less) for the first insertion, and Fifty Cents for each eubsequent insertion. When only pub lished Monthly or Quarterly $1 per square will be charged. Each and every Transient Advertisement, to securo publicity through our columns, must invariably be paid in advance. Advertisements not having the desired number of insertions marked on the margin, will be continued until forbid and charged-accordingly. Thois desiring to advertise by the year, can do so on liberal terms-it being distinctly understood that contracts for yearly advertising are confined to the - Immediato, legitimate business of the firm or Individ ual contracting. All communications of a personal charater will be charged as advertisements. Obituary Notices exceeding one square in length will be'harged for the overplus, at regular rates. Announcing a Candidate (not inserted until paid for,) Five Dollars. For Advertising Estrays Tolled, Two.Dollars, to be paid by the Magistrate advertising. CANDIDATES, - F'Or BherrLUT LEWIS JONES, H, BOULWARE, LEWIS COVAR, W. W. SALE, . WM. QUATTLEBUM, For Cler3K.. LEWIS COLEMAN, JAMES SPANN, ROBERT D. BRYAN, JACKSON COVAR, F. . NICHOLAS, EDMUND PENN, S. HARRISON, WILLIAM L. STEVENS, 'Or Tam ColleotOr. M. W. LYLES, C. A. HORN, .T. J. WHITAKER, THEOPHILUS DEAN, CHARLES CARTER, CHAS. M. MAY. FoWr Oc11-e "M *. W. F. DURISOE, DAVID BODIE, J. P. ABNEY, D. L. TURNER. S. B. GRIFFIN, ATTORNEY AT LAW AND SOLICITOR IN EqUITY, Will attend promptly to all business entrusted to his care. Office No. 2, Law Range. Edgefield C. H., Dec 8, 1S58. tf 48 J. L. ADDISVN, ATTO 2i-3ir a XiA'Wr AND MAGISTRATE, Will atteind properly to nil business entrusted to his care. WOffice, over B. C. Bryan's Store. Edgefield, S. C., Dec. 1 ly 47 M. C. B UT LE R, A T T OR NEY A T L AW, Offico in Law Range, EDGEFIELD C. TI., S. C. May 15 Uf _ 2 Law Partnership. T EUndersigned having formed a partnership in the PRACTICE of LAW and EQUITY for Edgefield District, will give p~rom)pt and dili atninto all business entrusted to their The residence of Mr. OwENs is at Barnwell C. H-that of Mr. SEIBEL~s at Edgefield, 8. C. EMMET SEIBELS, W. A. OWENS. May 26 tf 20 E. II. YOUNOBLOOD, Atorn.eY at Isaw, WILL attend promptly to all business iplaced VTin his bands. 370ffee at Edgefield C. 1H., S. C. May 19 tf 10 CHEOPLASTIC PROCESS ,OF INSEaTING T HE Subscriber having furnished himself with .5a liense to use thisaNEW PROCESS of IgggRjING AETI]!ICIAL TEETH, ls now ready to serve all who may need such, with an assurance of a more perfect adaptation, and a closer resemblance to the natural organ., than can be realized by any other method. Its perfect pu rity, cleanliness, freedom from all taste, or galvanic sensation, durability, comfort and security, are among the advantageseclaimed fur this SUPE~R1OR mode of setting Artificial Teeth. I. PARK&ER. June 24, tf 24 T n s. .3. a C. U. MO I SE, SUCCESSORS TO LEE A MOISE, WHOLIRSALE GROCERS, No. 7, Hayne Street, CHARLESTON, S. C. Jan 27 _ _ly 3 A. J. PELLETIER & Co., --DEALERS IN DRUGS, MEDICINES, Paints, Oils, Perfumery, &c., AT WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. Hamburg, Oct 6, 3m 39 Boot and Shoe Notice. rpIxE Subscriber continues to have A.made, on 4he shortest notice, and in l the best mnanner, thi finest andI most sub stantlal ROOTS and SHOES. All orders loft at his Shop will be promptly at. tended to. C. M. GR AY or my-self will lbe found at all times in the Village to attend to all orders. No woik to leave the shop without the knowledge ofthe3-ubscriber or my A gent, C. M. GRlA Y. Icr Shop oppssite B. J. Ryan's Livery Stable. -1.11. YOUNGB3LOOD. Written for the Edgefield Advertiser. THE MARTYR'S GRAVE. DY EDWIN BIBSIOT. He has gone to his rest, with his armor on, A Martyr on Truth's battle field, With the sword of the spirit triumphantly armed, And the Helmet of Grace, as his shield. He has gono to his home, in the far off sky, Where the angels their anthems raise, And the holy army of Martyrs sing Hymns of joy to their makers praise. He has gone to his God-he is happier now, With Him who is able to save, While the tears of many a sorrowing heart Are bedewing the Martyr's grave. He has gone to his rest-and now reaps the reward Of a life to his Maker given, And that voice so oft heard in the Temple on earth, Is now heard in the choirs of Heaven. TO MY ABSENT FATHER. Come to thy home, my father dear, Where every-thing's so sad But where thy welcome presence will Soon make all bright and glad. Father, come! we miss thee mub, Thy beaming eyes of blue, How oft in fancy, do we think We see them;-Oh, If true! And when around the table board, We see thy vacant chair, Our voices mingle as we breathe " I wish he could be there." Father, come! Oh, come again, Let's see if we can traeo, A thought of sorrow that has passed Across thy handsome face. Let's ice if time with rapid wing ILas furrowed deep thy brow, And if it has, why never mind, You'll be the dearer now. Then, Father, come ! why longer stay? The friends we have are few ; Come, and our love shall cherished be By heaven's perpetual dew. ESTELLE. Sister Springs, S. C., EUROPEAN CORRESPMDENCE. DRESDEN, Oct. 26th 1858. The Saxon Capital is a city gifted as but few cities are! Nature and art seem to have ri valled and tobe still rivalling each other in prodi gality to the lovely "Elbe-Florence," as its iabitants delig.&Aa nleitire plenty of money and a good conscience,Dresden must indeed be an Elysium, and a sojourn in it like the beginning of the Millennium; for having these two indispensables. noth insy else is want ing. Truly one can make a very tolerab!e Par adise of it without ci.ther, and that is cet tainly saying the utmost for its charms. So numerous, so diversified and on such an imperial scale are its Art-Collections, that they have given to it the reputation of the Mecca of German Art and Artists. Strange to say,. the buildings which contain these treasures are all situated within a stone's throw of each other; in fact most of them are connected and form as it were one edifice; and in an open part of the city, lying immediately on the Elie, one immense garden. Here is-the famous I Zwinger," which is the name given to about an acre of level ground entirely enclosed on all sides by these sanctuaries of art, that is, the Picture Gallery, the Gallery of Sculpture, the Amory, the His torical and Natural-Historical Museums and the Geological Collection. This vacant space is filled during the summer with orange trees in huge tubs, mnaking an artificial orange grove. These trees, two hundred in number, and most of them quite large, are looked upon as one of the chief prizes of the city, and so soon as the cold weather approaches, they are removed to an immense glass conservatory devoted especial ly to their preservation, and known as the Orangerie. 'The ornaments of this tastefully arranged spot, besides the orange trees, are two fountains and a commanding monument and statue to the memory of Friedrick August the Just, the most revered of Saxon kings. The Zwvinger has four entrances, one towards each point of the compass, and is surrounded on three sides by an exquisitely cultivated gar den. These entrances are formed by-wide and lofty arched passages which lead through the first story of the buildings, and each is sur mounted by a cupola or dome. The garden on one side; or the surface of the earth rather, rises into an abrupt hill parallel with the tops Qf the hiouses, which are flat, and by this means is formed a promenade where people saunter and look down upon the orange trees, the fountains,~ the monument and the throng; for during eight months in the year, the Zwinger is thronged with sight-seekers, pleasure-seekers and idle, flaunting, tricked-out promenader's, to say nothing of unavoidable nursery maids and inev~ itable babies. This promenade is continued al' most entirely around upon the flat roofs, and under the hills lies a lake led off fromn the Elbe, containing an island with a summer house upon it. Fifty yai-dsi perhaps from the Zwinger, stil nearer the Elbe, and with nothing intervening but the garden, stands the superb and measure less Theatre. Fifty yards in another diretion stand side lby side the far famed and matchlesi Rtomnan Catholic Cathedral (where the Music is the sublimnest out of Heaven) and the dihgy ok] royal castle, their towers rising together liki twin giants, the one above the house of th< King of the Universe, the other above th< house of the King of Saxony. Opposite the castle, across the river, for Dres den is built equally on both sides the Elbe towers the Japan Palace, so called from th< eastern style of its architecture, and which con tains the royal library. Around this palace reaching to the very water's edge, stretch the~ fmost transcendantly beautiful gardens, whiel are at all times open to the public. Directly i ront of the Cathedral leads off the-tupendon Elbe Bridge, the finest and most substantial work of the kind in Germany. And a little higher up, the stream is spanned by the Rail road Bridge, which is scarcely less admirable. Both these bridges are crowded from morning until night, as is indeed the whole scene which I am attempting to describe. To the right of the Elbe Bridge rises the Brubisehe Terrace, the enchanted spot of the Dresdeners. This is a hill or high bluff over-. hanging the river,- coimanding a view of inde scribable beauty, and cultivated and adorned to a degree which renders it a veritable garden of Eden. Even to leave it late in the evening to seek one's couch, is a bitter expulsion. In juxtaposition with the Brulsche Terrace stands the palace of the quaint looking old Queen Dowager (she goes to the Opera in a cap with three stories and at least two dozen apart ments, and wearing perfectly tight sleeves like a man,) whose husband, the late king and brother of the present king, amused himself some four years ago by being thrown from a carriage and killed. Very near the Queen Dow ager's palace stands the Frauen Church (Church of Women, a most profane name for a Church !) with its five domes, and in the distance, upon the banks of the Elbe, glisten the two modern and magnificent castles of Prince Albrecht of Prussia. This Prince Albrecht, a brother of the present king of Prussia, and younger brother of the Regent, committed the indiscretion of marrying a lady not of royal birth, one Miss Rauch, a maid of honor at the Berlin Court. This misdeed so incensed his family that he left Berlin in disgust and set up his rest in Dresden, where he built two castles upon opposite hills, one for himself and one for his wife. Since all this, lie has himself become tired of his bargain, and the poor Rauch finds rest neither in Dres den, Berlin, nor any where else. I began with the intention of devoting a few lines to the Art-Collections, but at the bottom of the fourth page I find myself in the midst of gardens, palaces and churches, and yielding to a reprehensible taste for gossip, have strayed off from my laudable first intention and fallen among the queer fashions, sud-len deaths and lamentable misalliances of kings, queens and. princes. The Arts must await another opportu nity and a more discreet frame of 'mind. J. T. B. EXCRUTIATING. ScaNr 1-In front ('a Fashionable Hotel. Gentleman dismounting from his horse. "Stabler, attend! refrigerate my beast by al lowing him twice to circumambulate yonder fountain ; that acc.nplished, to imbibe a mode rate quantity of aqueons particles; conduct him with care to the repository for wearied beasts, and having clothed in lustre his dirty skin by a gentle application t' the vegetable material, commonly called straw, suteir him to partake of food which shall furnish nourish ment and gentle repose." S'abler-(laughing.) "W-h-a-t, sir !" Gecunteau-" Whmat, sir! Stand you thus like one with no reason in his soul, while this poor beast, whose every p~o:e is a fount of gush ing strength, grows valetudinary 'neath Sol's oppressive rays. Ye volatile barbarimn." Slabler-(laughing still more unrestrainedly.) "I cant understand a word you say, sir ! but [ suppose you wanit y-our horse put tip." (entlman-" Stupidity uiieq ualled! Land lord, fulminate your censures against this tardy burl, who thus manifests oppugination to imy de sires, and conduct mue to aceluded atpartuments, and bring restoratives oif the most viviticchairac tar, to reinstate to their formier the varied eiier gies of my exhausted frame.". L'adlrd.-"I wtill, sir." Genteman-"PIrepost-erous! And you, sir, unite in the disgraceful merriment of your min ion ! 1 should surmise myself the first of the species you ever bebeld." Landlord-(laughing still more.) "Indeed you are, sir." Centlman-" Terminate this prolix scene and officiate as guard to my apartments. At the hour of dinner, summon me; if wearisomeness should have caused me to be recumbent in pos ture, gently re-animate me with the breath of a fan." Scr.s s 2-Tlhe Dining Room, Gentleman.s#at ing himselJ at the table, dinner over, and others standiun: in the room. .I Gentleman-" I should judge voracity and ig norance prevailing characteristics of the man. I see nothing among these reeking ruins worthy the regard of a gentleman's palate. Waiter, I desire a female fowl, sufficiently, but not re dundantly niade edible by fire." It is brought. " Waiter, dissect with care the same; do not violently separate the part, least my joints should stuffer dislocation from the discordant sounds." It is done. " Waiter, place a tender portion of the breast upon my plate, with necessary accompaniments." It is done, and the gentleman commences his dinner. A wag, who with others had bbserved these proceedings, seats himself at the table opposimte our hero. Wag-" Vaiter, furnish me with a female fowl." The waiter understands the joke, and does as he is bid. "Vaiter, dissever now her component parts." It is done. "Vaiter, divide those parts into portions, suited to lubial capacity." Opening his mouth and throwing himself back on the chair. "Vaiter, place one of them in the orifice be fore n." IOur hero begins to understand the quiz, and is evidently much disconcerted. "Vaiter, rag my~/jaws! !"* Amid roars of laughter, and curses upon his lips, our hero rushed front the room. A -GOOD ONE.-Billy F- was making a journey in a stage conch, (insisting upon sitting outside with the driver) over the 'hilly roads in the western part of the State, and amused him self on the way by frequent resorts to the coma forts of a mysterious black bottle which he had with him. Suddenly the coach camne in contact with a large stone, wvhichi, without doing any other damage, deprived Billy of his equilibrium, and down he rolled on the ground. "Wot'n thunder are yer doing ?" said Billy, "how come you to tip thie stage over?" The driver informed him that the stage had not been overturned at !all; and the passengers assured Billy that John was right. Billy approached the veicle again and remounted $lowly to his former seat out. side. " Didn't upset' d'you say ?" " Not al all," replied the driver. "Well, if 'd a knowed that," said Billy, "I wouldn't ha' got ofl'." DETTEE THAN THEM ALL. A moderate shareof wealth is good To cheer us on our way, For it has oftentimes the power To make Deeiloer May; So is beauty, eoeis health, Or genius it ottr call; But a happy, enrilees, loving heart, Is better tha 1hom all. A heart that gathiais hope and faith From overy-sp nging flower, That smiles alikeat winter storm And gentle sum mer shower; That blesses God'for very good, Or whether groat or small; Oh ! a happy, boteful, loving heart Is bettecTian fbem all. 'Tis well to hold the wand of power, Or wear an honored name, And blush to lia the mighty world Re-eeho with qur fame; 'Tis well if on-out path the smiles Of Kings and-Nobles fall; But to have a blipy, trusting heart, Is better than. hom all. A heart that with the magle notes Of muslo is boulled; A heart that lovi; the pleasant ihoo Of overy littlibhild; That aldeth w" ness In distress, And hoareth dbty'a call; Oh ! sueb a lovig, humun heart, Is better than them all, G1'l[ERINGS, g-" in the middle ages of France, a person convicted of being a dl umniator was condemnod to place himself on 'll fours, and bark like a dog, for a quarter ofan hour. Tf this custom were adopted at the ipresent day, there would be considerable l,. 'wavowing. g- The Natche*z Pree Trader places the name of Hon. Albert Gallatin Brown, of Missis. sippi, at the- head of.its columns as the Demo cratic candidate for the Presidency in 1860. E, MRs. PAaRi-CTON lately remarked to a legal frien, "Ifl towes a man a debt, and makes him the lawless tenant of a blank bill, and he infuses to inbept it, but swears out an execration, and lev*s it upon my body, if I wouldn't make a phbdlowog of him, drown me in the nuxwino ses " r JANE, wit letter in the alphabet do you like tho bes-t( "Well, I don't like to say, Mr. Snooks." ooh, nonsense ! tell right out, Jane ; which: d ou like best'?" " Well, (blushing and d her. eyes,) I like you Z A beautiful thought this, that we find in one of cur exchanges: " If there is a man who can eat hii bread in peace with God and miian, it is the ium who has brought that bread out of the earth. It is cankered by no fraud, it is wet by nu tears, it is stained with no blood." r Wuy- are chicken's necks like door hells'? Because they are often rung for compiany. - A letter was put into the box, the ap pearance of which denoted that the writer was unaccustomed to the use of stanps, ani had failed to make one stick at all. He hadi tried nd vainly tried.;-'but -the inveterate portrait of Washington-would curl up. At last, in dep:'ir, lie pinned it to the envelope, anti wrote under it. I Paid, procidig the pin doiesn't conim ott! nr Why is a retired carpenter like a lec turer ? Because he is an ex-planer. gr A Quatker. and a'Blaptist traveling to gether in a stagre coach, t he latter took every opporutniity' of ridieuling thle for, mier tan atcount of. his religious profession. At length they came to a heath, where the hodly of amaec tor, lately executted, was hanging in chains upwn the gibbet. " . wonder now," saisl the Baptist,. " what religion lie was oft?" " Perha;s,"t re plied the Quker coolly, "hle was a Baptist nd they hiumg him up to dry." 'K A woman out We. in I~escribing hei runaway husband, says: "' Daniel mtay be known by a scar on the nose-where I scratched huin.' ECATO said, "The best wa.y to keei: good acts in memory, is to refresh them will new." ?T Pass-ri~cI wishes tihat the individala who invented what was called the "pIaying nu machinery" for the Niagara andi Agamemnon would get uip a little macline of the sort to ht used ini the case of every newspaper subscriber, KK Cov.ns'T IIli.P IT.-A fter a mnarriagi ceremony had been .performed in one of the churches in Adrian, Michigan, the bride, when receiving the congratulations of her friends shed tears, according to the established ridicu lus custom; at the sight of which the grooni followed suit with a copious flowv of the briny finid. After his friends succeeded in calmin: him, he said he couldn't help it, for he felt a= bad about it as she did. W THE PRoPEa WAY TO MANAGE THosi TINs.-Persons in England who leave rail road cars while trains are in motion, are subject to legal penalties. A lady was fined 5s. and 53 costs, a few weeks ago, for having stepped oi of a train on the Crystal Palace line before th. cars had stopped. W In Indiana the crickets have in some in stances destroyed whole fields of lately sows wheat, and the farmers have been compelled ti repow and sow over again. & To MAKE BLUE IN.-Dissolve a smnal quantity of indigo in a little oil of vitrol and ad' a suflielent quantity of water, in which is dis solved some gum arabie. NEwsPAPER BoRaowiNG.-This is a very preya lent failing, which in some people, amounts to positive vice. Of the large multitude of peopl who never buy papers, because they read then free in the coffee-houses and barber-shops, we han nothing to say, for the coffee-house keepers ani barbers take the papers expressly for the accom modation of their customers. But of a groea many, who, on the strenagth of their famnilian acquaintance with those wh do take and pa for the paper, make a regular habit of going allen or sending after the papers, we feel a conistan complaint, ifwe do notoftenexpress it. Economny of course is a commendable thing, but that ecom may which leads mna to sponge-no, pilfer the word-their commercial and other importam daily intelligence from their friends, who arc a better able to pay for a pa per than themselves,1 beneath economy; it is down-right meanness ; species of small mneanness which is so very snm that liberal people, though they have a prope secret contempt for it, forbear noticing. it openl, It is this feelinig of the liberal which has pe mitted the small meanness of newspaper be row.int spread so irg.=-NE 0. Creen ll TRENl11OW'S BE1.1I(S Before the Commilee of Ways and Means of the House, in 8port of Ike 'memwrial of the Blue Ridge Railroad Cumypany, delwer-ed ou 7Tes day, Nocenher 30, 185. The object of the present application is the removal of the condition imposed on the grant of $1,000.000 of the State guarantee by the Act of 1854. The Legislature, by that act, engaged to contibute in aid of this undertaking $1,000,000 by subscription to the capital stock, and $1,000,00 by endorsement of the Compa ny's bonds. Besides the conditions attached to the subscription, it was made a condi'.ion of the proposed guarantee that the Company should exhibit satisfactory proof of its ability to com plete the road. This was a wise and prudent precaution, and the Company apprehended no embarrassment from it, because they had a con tract for the construction of the wholo road, in which it was agreed that the contractors should furnish half the necessary capital. Butr these contractors have failed, and the Company are deprived of the capital they expected from this source. It is true, there were those who pre dicted their failure from the beginning; but it is easy to predict disappointment in human aflkirs, for nothing unhappily is more common. This cir cumstance implies, however, no neglect on the part of the Company; fora careful examination into the facts will show that the Company ac corded their confidence to these contractors, on proofs that it would have been unreasonable to discredit. Neither does the fulfillment of this prediction imply any rashness on the part of the State in embarking in the enterprise, notwith standing this danger. She was resolved to have a railroad to the West, and this was not only the best opportunity that had ever presented it self of accomplishing this great design, but the only one, perhaps, she would ever again have in her power. She acted wisely, therefore, in em bracing it, with its attending dangers, and there is no reason to regret this ootirse I but, on tho contrary, every motive to encourage us to per, severe. The route had been pronounced utter ly impracticable, and if begun, would have to be abandoned, it was s-id, on account of natural difliculties that no engineering skill could sur mount. The progress of the work has dissipa ted this objection. The most formidable diffi culties on the line have been encountered, and yield readily to the ordinary appliances of en gineering science. The President's report fur nishes the completest proof of the entire practi cability of the work. This objection being removed, it is proper to inquire how much more aid the Company will require. The State has already expended $1,000,000, and the city of CharlestonS1,000,00. Beforeanother $1,000, 000 is embarked, it is proper to ask how much more will be necassary, and if the resources of the State are adequate to the proposed expen diture. The estimated cost of the road is, in round numbers.............$7,725,000 Of this amount, there has al ready been expended on the work........... 2,126,00 T&ieinaining cash resour ces are................ 945,000 The State aid from Tennes see is................. 040,000 Tle guarantee now asked from South Carolina is.. 1,000,000 4,711,000 Leaving a deficiency ofr............$:1,014,000 It must be frankly admitted that there is no l.opc of obtaining any part of this sum from any other source than from the State. The Compa ny entertain the hope that with '-,000,0X0 niore of State subscription, reducing the deli ciency to $2,000,0(0, they will be enabled to procure the reaining .42,000,0 on their mort gage bounds without the State's endorsement. It would be contrary totihe experience of the whole country that. Ilhey should fail in such an effort. B1ut, suppose they did ? Suplose they had to return to the State for- its enduorsement ? The State would then acipire the rond for $2,(H), 000 of stock and $3,000,W0 of endorsement. Would this lbe too much to pay11 I br this great work '? If a company p~resenuted iteelf here to day, offering to construct this great highway of coimmerce anid bonn of political union, t ho giand de.iaeratmin of' the State for thme last thirty years, at a cost of~ $7,00 000, and trainsfer' it to the State for the sum of $5,000),000, could this Legislature hieitate a moment in closing with such a proposa~:l ! For, if it is insisted, contra ry to thme experienu.e of' Georgia, that this road will not be profitable, that it will pay no divi dends to the stockholers, then it follows that it will fall into the hands of the State, in satis faction of thme mortgage. Nobody can doubt tha~t, in this case, it would certainly pay the in terest oni the $3,640,000 adianced by South Carolina and TIenines'see, and the cost to this State would siimply be the annual interest on thme $2,000,000. oh' subscrib~ed capital. If~ we examine into the ability of thme State to as..ume this chource, we cannot fail of be.itng fully' eomvinced .1f the~ ampliU nde of~ hlai rresoures. If (vu' exclude for a mmuent, t he bondus recent Iy issued fur the ilne liidge Roiad andl the new State Ilouse, it will be seen lby the Comuptroil Ier's report that the entire remaining debt will Iamount to .$1,33i0,000. T1hie chief' part of this debt consists of thme fire loani bonds, anid the people have never paid one single dollar of taxes Ifor the principal or interest. On the contrary, the money has been long employed as a part of the capital of the Bank of the State, and lhas yielded a large profit, in addition to the annual interest. To meet this debt of $1,330,000, the State possesses in the sinking funmg and capital of thu bank united, $4,140,000--so that, after the payment of this debt, she .till have still re malming $2,800,000 of bauk capital, which is the clear accumulated profit of thme bank during the long period of its existence. Not one dollar has conme out of the pockets of the people. In addition to this large sum, the State pos esses $1,342,000 in railroad shamres. I excludo from this, also, tho shares held in the Blue Ridge Iload. This stock may be of small value, but Ithis money did not comle out of the pockets of the people either ; nearly the whole umn was derived from the surplus revenue. It is said, however, that no profit is derived from the in vestment ; and this is sometimes used as an ar. gument agaitnst the present application. But is Sit an evil that the State derives no revenue from these spares? Is it not proof that these comipanies are doing the transportation and Stravel of the country at rates so low as only to Ipay the expenses of management ? Suppose it was proposed to raise the ratesso high as to pay the State 8 per cent, dividend on its shares ; all rthe other stockholders would, of course, get a similar dividend, and the public would be alarge rloser by tlie arranmecnt. If, on the contrary, twhen those companies applied for the aid they have received, the State could have made it a condition that no dividends should ever be doe sclared, but the transportatIon of the country be effected at rates adequate simply to defray thec oexpenses, it would have been regarded as the Smost beneficial arrangement for the public. The seeming unproductiveness of thuis capital, there. Ifore, is not an argument against such contribu' tions on the parts of the State. 1 have shown that the State commenced this enterprise wvitli a clear surplus capital of $2,. 800,000. Is $2,000,000 too much for a State thus situated to contribute towards a greag work like this? It may be supposed that South Carolina has gone far enough for her means, but it appears by the last United States census, that she is yet far behind her sister States in such work.s. The amount invested in railroads, in proportion to the aggregate wealh is in each of the enumerated States, as follows: Georgia, 1-20tlh;Maryland,1-9th; Mssachusetts, 1-11th; New York, 1.11th; Pennsylvania 1-12th; South Carolina, 1-25th; and the amount of property per capila is as follows: Georgia, $370; Mary land, $376; Massachusetts, $576; New York, $349; Pennsylvania, $316; South Carolina, $431; but if in this comparison we class the negroes as property, and exclude them from the population, the amount in South Carolina will be $1,500, against $576 in Massachusetts. but it will be observed that there are no com plaints of this undertaking from the district that has most largely contributed to railroads, and bears at the same time the largest share of the public burden. The corporation of Charles ton has invested in railroads $2,640,000, and it is estimated that the citizens have the further sum of $4,000,000 in railroad stocks and bonds, making an aggregate of near $7,000,000. And as the real and personal property is estimated at -$45,000,000, it follows that more than 1-7th of the entire wealth of the city is invested in railroads. The total wealth of the State (ex cluding Charleston) is computed at $280000, 000, and if we suppose $8,000,000 of railroad stock to be held by the rest of the State, the proportion would be 1-35th against 1-7th in Charleston. In the same way, Charleston, it will be seen by tho Comptroller's report pays 23 per cent. of the entire taxes of the State, though possessing but 121 per cent of the entire wealth. It It is supposed probable, therefore, that in the prosecution of this work, It may be necessary to defray the interest of 82,000,000 by taxation, Charleston would pay 23} per cent. on this amount, ($120,000).... .,, . .t9I,200 And 11 the rest of tis State,,,,..., 91,800 $120,000 On $4,300,000, the estimated value of property in Charleston, $28,200 would be at the rate of 1-c. on every $100; and for the rest of the State, $91,800, on $280,000,000, would be at the rate of 31c. on every $100. A tax so in considerable, in comparison with the promised benefits of this great work, as to be entirely unworthy of consideration. This subject was largely discussed at the late Senatouial election in Edgefield District. One of the candidates placed his opposition to this enterprise distinctly on the ground of the taxes to be borne by the large estates of Graniteville, Kahnia and Vaucluse. But surely this must have been done without sufficient examination. This property owes its very existence to rail roads ; and it would be a small matter to con tribute a moderate tax to their support. It is computed, I believe, to be worth $400,000 and pays, it is said, into the State Treasury, the ex tremely moderate tax of $20.44, and if it is supposed that the State might eventually levy a. tax for the interest of the $2.000,000, the share. to be contributed by this vast and valuable pro perty would be about $5.11. One eighth of' one cent on every $100 ! The rest of the pro perty in the district pays sixteen times as much as this, and even then, the taxes are so moder ate that it would be a reproach to the intelli gence and loyalty of the people of that wealthy district; to suppose they would hesitate about a small addition, if it were necessary to carry out a great State enterprise. The value of lands in the district is $5,654,000, and of negroes $13, 400,000; together, nearly $20,000,000, upon which the taxes paid amount to $16,000, or about 8 cents on every $100. We ought not to confound taxation without representation, which is tyranny, with the self-imposed contributions of a free people for wise and useful purposes, and shrink from both with equal abhorrence; nor suppose that we are always on the side of the people when we inveigh aguinst taxation. The advocates of thi.s road are fir more devoted to their interests, than those who oppose it from fear of debt or taxation; for the benefits of railroads are of universal dliffusion-thle most humble travel with the same speed and comfort as the most exalted ; the feeblest efforts of in dustry arc rewarded by means of a cheap and ready tranmspo'rtationu to market. The bacon and other bulky commiodities, that constitute the humble fare of the poor man, is brought to his dour at a reduced cost, that will comlpensate him ten times over for the pittance of tax he contributes. The white population of Edlgelield, tmnder the centus of 1850, wvas 16.252. The tax paid by the district lem.t year was $20,000; so that, if equally distributed, it would amnount to $1.25 to everv individual. If we admit, there fore, that the interest on $2,000,000 must be provided by taxatio~n, it would increase this tax one-fourth, and every per.oni in Edgefield wov.d piay an average of 31 cents-it he rich more, the [suir less. Is t here one true friend of the pen late, who will deny that t he advnnmt age to be dle rivead from t his raoad, will abundantly repay this rillinig tax ? Can any one~ .suppao that the ple~l would prefer to see thais noible work daes troyedI, andall1 hopes of such a commnunication inally exming:.uished, rnther than umke this fee ble contribution to its support ? There are those, again, who look with appre hension upon the creation of a public debt. This is certainly a eunmendable prudence ; but comunti ties, like inadi viduals, shoulad also avoid the opposite extreme, and shun with equal ab horrenace the avaricious passion that considers the possession of money as the sum of human happiness, and rogards no object sufficiently ne blo to be put in competition with it. The peo ple of South Carolina possess a noble inheritance, valued at a moderate computation at .$360,000, 000, and yielding an annual income of not less than $20,000,000. This splendid estate will soon pass from our ha'nds Into those of a pos terity, who in the course of nature will have contributed nothing to its present value; why should it be deenmed uni-casonablc to incumber it with a moderate. dlebt for the purpse of more completely developing its resources'. But if it were possible for the State, in the consid eration of this questionm, to' be'governed by sel fish and sordhid motives, ahe ought even then to avail herself of the present proposal, for the worst consequences that can result to her will be the acquisition of this noble and productive work, under the mortgage she holds, for a sum far less than the cost of constructing it. It may be supposed that Charleston will derive the chief benefit, but it 'is easy to prove that this is an error. The first report we have of the valud of lands throughout the State, was in 1810, when they were set down at $10,180,000; in 1850 they were returnedl, under the United States Census, at $82,431,00-being 'an increase of 700 per cent. In 1810. the value of real estate in Charleston was $6,600,000; in 1850, it was re turned at $22,500,000-an increase of about 250 per cent. only. If an augmentation of $70,000,000 in the value of !and shall appear to be extravaganxt or impossible, our doubts will be dissipated by the fact that there has been an equal accession of wealth from Lhe increase .in the number and value of negroes; for if we. go back to 1831 only, we shall find the nunmber .to have been 290,000 then, and now it is 390,000, an increase of 100.000 in number and $00,000,000 in value, the first 290,000. And the superior: prosperity of the upper districts, is clearly seen, -sad4 effect of the railroads in stimulating 'ihat prp perity as clearly deduced,. from tbefollowr statement: S S. umer of Slaces i South adroUa. 1831. 1842. Lower Division.... 129,672 12713 371 Upper Division...161),719 188;697 2470q 290,951 315,880 390 433 The increase from 1831 to 1857, beingin tli Lower Division 11 per centum, and in the per Division 60 per centum. 0,nly apart, how''' ever, of the benefits derived from railroads ist exhibitcd when the increased value of prrpertycre is alone considered. 'The transportationd-.! freight on the South Carolina Railroadisat the: rate of 3 68-100c. per ton per mile, andthe i come being $1,500,000, it followgi that the sei vice rendered to the public for this sum ise A to the transportation of 42,000,000 tong carrc: one mile. Tile transportation by wagon, bef the establishment of railroads, was-about: cents per ton per mile, and if an- ample'dedn tion is made for river carriage, and-the averag-z rate be reduced to 10 dents per ton,. the6-tran-e portation of 42,000,000 .tons at that rate wouldo-w have cost $4,200,000. It now costs $i-,500.000,. exhibiting a clear annual saving of $7O0,000.* And if we suppose that so large a preppr ona..a. two-thirds of the whole income gf the reiad.s 1i derived from beyond the limits of the ste.,. there is still a saving td our dwn 4peql4 ?900,000 per annum on the tradsporta on on this mngle road. A result that 'would " I ' Incredible If it were not corroborated iythe result of similar investigations elsewhcre,- bstk In this and In other countries, - When.- %WIs urged, therefore, that the stock of the,3Wa-1 , Itidge Railroad will not be pronftabl&.thogg we differ on the most substantial groundsn fo those who hold this opinion, the adinlsion - would, by no means, be conclusive ' tl prosecution of the work; for it 'is cyisefti that the direct profits are the leat part of the benefits to be derived. If this were not the ease, the perseverance exhibited by the wholq, country in the construction of these wirts would be wholly unaccountable. Tn 1880, tlas number-of miles of railroad in the United Ste rz was 7,350. In 1858, it is 26,210. - . In 1830, the amount invested inrailroadsvwi.is $260,000,000-in 1858, it is $917,000,000,:anm4 yet the nett earning during this whole peti&d:1 had never exceeded 5 per .cent. This provewm conclusively that dividends arenot the incentiie' to the extension of railroads, and coniis'theIr obvious fact that they have now beconie' an o' ject of indispensable' necessity, and the 'dnireg profits to be derived, of mert secondaryeorsid- ' eration. They are now, not only the commeir highway of traffic and travel, but the cheapel method of transportation. . The people of:the cotton-growing-States re* the last.that should refuse to, contribute their,., share.to the extension of these work*.. Whewae, the Liverpool and .Manchester Railroad a projected in 1830, the entire exports of Ameri can cotton-to Europ ifa.t. annum; and yet it was fouid 'imposible 10' effect the transportation between 'these tbns. It was represented to Parliament that the rlves Irwell and Mersey and the Bridgewater Cadial, were wholly incompetent for the . traffic, and', that it required less time to transport a cargo.-w of cotton from America to England, than from--, Liverpool to Manchester. Now the crop exceeds 3,000,000 of baleq, and the foreign exports 2,500,000 bales. - What-: would have been the price.of cotton, undersuch. circumstances, had railroads not been brought into existence? Since 18.0, sixty millions of. bales have been produced; if we allow nothing for the influence on the price, and only estimqte the saving in tho expense or transportation be tween the plantation and the mill, at one cent per pound, it amounts to the enormous sum'o two hundred and forty millins or dollars. Aid' if to this he added the saving on other prodnts? of the South, and on the merchandise importedY4 in return, and the augmentation in the valueof lands and negroes caused by the increased con-.e sumption andl value of cotton, I am persuaded -we should have an aggregate sum far exceeding. the $800,000,000 which the Southern and e South-western States have invested in railroads. Their influence on the prosperity of the country may be clearly traced in our foreign exports.4 Thme exports of the United States, from -1816 to 1823J, twelve years, averaged $80,000,000 per annum; 1828 to 1842, fourteen years, averagede $100,000,000 per annum ; 1842 to 1857, fifteemv'. years, averaged $200,000,000 per annum.' Nos comment is necessary on 'this statement., In-s these benefits it has been shown that -South Carolina fully participates; and though collat eral and perhaps uns.een, they are not the -lesa real and substantial. lint becauso they are no& diirect and immediate, and do not ennire to the separate and exclusive advantage of the stacio holder, but are thu. universally and isnpercep tibily diffused, there is continually an obvious.. comilict between the desire to procure railroads. andl the disinclination to contribuee private capiw tal form their construction. Everybody reonss their value, and i.. in favor of buidgnthe but'nobody is willing to contiute his money. What is the remedy ? Is any one prepared t4 say that the proper alternative is to dispesife with the use of railroads. Nobody, I am sure, will assent to such a conclusion. Ritherto, States have but partially and imperfectly rcg nised the duty to interpose and solve the dif-4 oulty by' throwing the burthen on the pubil,ak who enjoy all the benefits. In Georgia; how. ever, this has been done, and with. compe success. In Soutih~arolina, the presitun taking presents the highest claims on the tt, as a measure In strict accordance with herds. clared policy, political and commercial. 2,00. 300 have already been expended, and-great pit. gress made, and the refusal to ,eontinue the. work now, will not only be attended -with the-r disastrous loss of all that has already been aes. pended, but forever close the doors agamnst' s direct communication between South Carolina-r and the Western States. STRAanG.-A very singujar circumstance - pened to a young lady in Cincinnt~ ' -.~ nights since. . The evening, or rather alh previoas, she had been complainIng oft isvj pain in the head and eyes, mnore ar i1rly 4 ) latter. Judge of her astonishnfent and ta her friends, to find the following mormia'S4iet' du'ing the night she- had become* ~mieli cross-eyed. The transformation ocain~aa-e no additional pain,, and has- been since, saastien of much speculation. - a .. CURE FOR CoNSUMrrr o The followi for the cure df' consu:Aption, colds,. handed us for publication by Jlev. Thi of this p lace, who is informed tlsti It is at least worth a tiial:- - Take one quart of pure Schidaet Aehaapse one gill of fresh' Turpentints, justuaminesu from the tree; ;minrwell anddetistwo4Awoea four hours. Then add half apinLo( and shake well. Take one table-pon~ timesa day, and a er Reporter. - . -1~ ggWhen 'out a a is hadso6f you.' -A