Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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"We will cling to the Pillars of the Temple Of cia Elberties, and ti it ust fall. v CilPri.u -- - OL CO-, 1.. ? .~~ *s,. SIRKINS, DURISOE&C. rpitr "OE! TELL 8-'r8 THSR NOT A HOME T, tI BY CARRIE E. PLUMBE. I'd wandered far, one summer eve, h And sat me down beside An oaken tree, whose spreading boughs lc Swept o'er the murmuring tide. d I bared my brow, 'twas burning hot, And knelt beside the stream, While the sun with mournful sigh smiled out tI His last bright golden gleam. The grass waved in the gentle breeze, And flowers of every hue y Sent forth their fragrance on the air, st Wet with the evening dew; to The stars came softly peering down 01 From out their home above, u And nestled close as though they told Some whispered tale of love. s a Beside me grew a lily pale- 0 It spoke in accents low ; 11 " I'm weary here-oh! tell me where n The flowers of affection grow ? _ Yes, tell me, is there not a home a Above yon starlit sky, h Where buds may bloom eternally, And never droop nor die 1" " And art thou weary here, sweet flower, Come let me cherish thee, a I'll love thee, for I, too, am cast Upon life's tideless sea ! Alone I'm floating down the tide, a With naught to guide my barque, No love-light gleams upon my sky, The clouds are drear and dark. d r " But there's a home of joy and bliss, Where skies are clear and bright, Where fragrant flowers are clustering 'round The throne of life and light! b And would'st thou learn the name which God y That beauteous land hath given, n Bow down thine ear-I'll whisper soft- 0 Dost hear me, flower ?-'tis Heaven." ti THOMAS PAINE, a THE AUTHOR-HERO OF THE AMERICAS ri REVOLUTION. s] It was in the time when a band of rebels sat in Carpenter's Hall, when the smoke of Lexin. ton and Bunker Hill, was yet in the sky, and the undried blood of Warren ad the martyrs 1 was yet upon the ground-it was in this time. a' in the blood-red dawn of our revolution, that I1 scene of some interest took place in the city of f William Penn. Look vonder, and behold that solitary lamp, -1 flinging its dim light throrgh the shadows of a neatly furnished room. Grouped around the table, the glow of the lamp pouring full in their faces. are four persons -a Boston Lawyer, a Philadelphia Printer, a Philadelphia Doctor, and a Virginia Planter. t Come with me to that lonely room. Let u., seat ourselves there. Let us look into the face. of fhese men-that man with the cold brow and resolute look, is one John Adams, from ioiston ; next to him sits the calm-faced Benijamuin Rush ; there you see the marked face of the Printer. one Benjamin Franklin ; and last of all, your t eye rests upon a man distinguished above all others by his height, the noble outlines of his form, and the solemn dignity of his brow. That i man is named Washington-one Mr. George a Washington, from Mount Vernon. And these men are all nmembiers of the Rebd Conzgress. They have met here to talk over the affairs of their country. Their conversa tion is deeptoned-cautious-hurried. Every I man seems afraid to give utterance to the thoughts of his bosom. Confiscation-the gibbet-the axe! These have been the reward of brave men before now,0 who dared speak treason against his Majesty a by the grace of God. Therefore, is the conver-r sation of the four patriots burdened with re-r straint and gloom. They talk of Bunker lill, of Lexington, of0 the blood-thirsty British Ministry, of the weak and merciless British King.t Then, from the lips of Franklin, comes thet great question-Where is this war to end'? Are we fighting only for a change in the British Ministry? Or-or-for the independence oft our native land? t There is silence in that room.t Washington, Adams, Rush, all look into each ~ other's faces, and are silent. Bound to England by ties of ancestry-lan guage--reigion-the very idea of separation from her eems a blasphemy. Yes, with their towns burnt, their people murdered-Bunker Hill smoking there, Lexing- a toun bleeding yonder-still, these colonists cling ~ to the name of England, still shudder at the big word that chokes their utterance to speak-Is-i A t this moment, while all is still, a visitor isy announced. A mian sonmewvhat short in stature, t clad in a coat of faded brown. lie takes his a seat att the table, is introduced to these gentle men by Fran~klinm, and tlben infornmed of the top- e i. under discussion. Look upon his brow, his flashing eye, as' in earnest words he pours forth his soul. I Washington, Adams, Rush, Franklin, all arei hushed into silence. At first, thme man in thet brown coat startles, horrifies them with his po litical blasphemy. But as he goes on, as his broad, solid brow s warms with fire, as his eye flashes the full light I of a soul roused into all its life, as those deep, t earnest tones speak of the Inad'rpendence of America-her glorious future-her people, that shall swell int,> countless millions-her navy, that shall whiten the uttermost sea-her desti ny, that shall stride on over the wrecks of a thrones, to the Universal Empire of the Wee tern Continent ! Then behold-t They rise round the table-they press thatt man in the brown coat by the hand-nay, the Virginia planter, Washington, grasps both is hands, and, in a voice deepened by emotion, begs himi for th'e sake of God, to write these words in a book ! A book that shall be read in all homes, and thundered from all the pulpits in America. 1 Do you see the picture, my friends ? That man in the brown coat, standing there, flushed, trembling with the excitement of his own thoughts-that splendidlly formed Virginia I planter on one side, grasping him by the hand those great souled men encircling hun on the other, John Adams, Benjamin Rusha, Benjamin Franklin ! Their gleaming eyes shine with one I soul, onahndcod e th utr Let this scene pass; let us follow this man in : u te brown coat through the year 1775. | The day after this scene, that modest Virgi a planter, George Washington, was named b ommander-in-Chief of the Continental Army. I And in the summer days of '75, that man in a ie brown coat was seen walking up and down 11 front of the old State House, his great fore- f ad shone in full sunlight, while, with his hand i aced behind his back, he went slowly along I te pavement. Then he would hurry to his nely garret, seize the quill and write down the r iep thoughts of his brain. A Then forth again for a walk in the State 1 'ouse Square-up and down under these old ees, he wanders all the afternoon-at night, I ere is a light burning all night till the break c ' day. Let us look in that garret window-what see ' mu there? C A rude and neglected room-a man short in ature sitting beside an old table, with scat rred sheets of paper all about him-the light the unsnuffe: candle upon his brow-that e ifailing quill in his hand ! Ah! my friends, you may talk to me of the iblimity of your battles, whose poetry is bones t id skulls, whose glories are like the trophies I the butcher's shambles-but for me, there is a battle so awfully sublime as one like this, aw being fought before your eyes. A poor neglected author sitting in his garret -the world, poverty, time, space, all forgotten with his soul kindled into one steady blaze, e plies that fast moving quill. That quill rites down words on paper, which shall burn e ito the brains of kings, words like arrows inged with fire and pointed with vitrol. Go on, brave author, sitting in your garret, lone at this dead hour-go on-on through the lent watches of the night, and God's blessings 11 like breezes of June upon your damp brow. I to on, in the name of God and man, for you t e writing the thoughts of a nation into bi:th. I For many days, in the year 1775, was that ian in the brown coat seen walking up and own the State House Square. The proud To- J r passed by him with scorn. Yet he was. 3 sinking great thoughts, which would eat away ic throne of that Tory's king ! The Tory, the 1 Algar rich man, the small dog in office, passed 3 in by with scorn, but men of genius took him y the arm and called him BROTHER. Look I under! There in a lonely garret, night after I ight, burns, that solitary lamp, burns and burns a, till break of day. At last, the work is done. At last, grappling I ie loose sheets in his trembling hands-tremb- a ng because feverish from the toil of the brain e rushes forth one morning. His hook is writ mn; it now must be printed--scattered to the ne of America. But not one printer will uch the book, not a publisher but grows pale the sight of those dingy pages. Because it dicules the British Monarchy; because it ,eaks out, in plain words, that nothing now re. ains to be done but to declare the New World T ee and independent. This shocks the tremlling printers-touch d cl a mness of treas-mable stuff?-never! But I last, a printer is found, a bld Scotchmnm, Lined Robert. Jell ? Write that ni me on your art, for it is worthy all reverence ! lie trams- 1, rimed those loose plages into type-;, and on the t of J.:mmry. 1776. Compon . -n, burst on 1 Ie people of t:me New World like a prophecy ! es., that book bursts on the hearts and v smes or .\mmericai, like light from heaven. It is read by the mechanic at his bench ; the rchiant at, li< desk ; the preacher in his pulpit fi alns it to his people, and scatters its great I< uths with the teachings of Rlevelation. "It burst from the press." says the great Dr. v sh. with i an clict which has Ieen rarely pro- ii itced by types or paper. in any age or country ! Ilam-v. in his llistorv of the Bevolutioan. i 1hd his 'brother historian, (fordron, soleimnly o ate the fact that this book was a most impor- il ut cause of the sep-tratiun from the Mother v untry. Thomas .Jefer.m, .Joel larlov, (George Walh gon, unite in their praises of this work. I ong ter its publication, -leiferwm scnt a I overnt ent ship to bring the autho~r home from Fi rnme; ashington invited hinm to the shelter of hisi vn home; Barlow described him, yes, the imun the brown coat, as " one of the most benevo-t nt and disinterested of mankind; endowedt ith the clearest perception, an uncommon are of original genius, and the greatest breatht thought."C In August, 1785, after the battle was foughtc ad the empire established, Congress, in a soleum ~solution, stamped the author of Common Sense ith their approbation, as one of the greatest the great men of the Revolution. This book wa the cause and forerunner of ae Declaration of Independence. In this book, for the first time, were written] ese great words : " The kree and independent talaes of America !" Let us follow this man in the brown coat< irough the scenes of the Revolution. In the full prime of early manhood, he joins I se army of the revolution ; he shares the crust ad the cold with Washington and his men e is with those brave soldiers on the toilsome arch, with them by the camp-tire, with them I Sthe hour of battle ! Why is he with them?1 Is the day dark--has the battle been bloody o the American soldiers despair ? Hark ! the rinting-press yonder, which moves with the Lierican camip in all its wanderings, is scatter- < ig pamphlets through the ranks of the army. Pamphlets written by the Author-Soldier; reittena sometimes on the head of a drum-or y the midnight tire, or amid the corses of the eadl. Pamphleta that stamp great hopes and reater trut hs, in plain words, upon the hearts f the Continental army. Tell me, was not that a sublinme sight, to see man of geniUs, who might have ahone as anI rator, a poet, a novelist, following, with untir ag de'votion, the bloody-stamped footsteps of he Continental arn ?1 Yes, in the dark s of '76, when the soldiersi f Washington tracke their footsteps on toe ul of Trenton, in thme snows of Princeton, there,1 rt among the heroes and patriots, there, un inching in the hour of defeat, writing the Crisis" bty the light of the camp-fire, was the Luthor-Hlero of the revolution. Yes, we will look into the half-clad ranks of Tashigton's a rmiy, we will behold each corporal urrounded by a group of soldiers, as he reads1 loud the pamphlets of the Author-Soldier.1 Yhat hope, what joy, what energy gleamsover he veteran faces, as words like these break oni he frosty air: " These are the times that try men's souls. Tme summer soldier and the sunshine patriot ill, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his ountry ; hut he thait stands it now deserves the ove and tinmks of men and wonmen. Tyranny, ike hell, is noct easily conquered, yet we have his consolation with us, that .the harder the onflict the more glorious the triumph." Do niot words like these stir uip the blood 7 Yet can you imagine thmei r eftiet when read o thme grouips of starred and bleeding soldiers, v thme red watch fire, in the cold air of the inter-dawn?7 Sucn words as the~.se stirred up the starved :~ontinenah to the attack ou Trenton, anid there, a the dawn of that- glorious morning, George ~arbiagoain utandinesw a*r hand ovbr6h ead body of the Hessian Rho , confessed the agic influence of the Author-Hero's pen. I1 The vilest enemy of this Author-Hero, a base ireling of the English Court, yes, even he, the beller of Jefferson, and Franklin and Madison, s he was, even he, a thing so small in soul that is very masters were ashamed of him, was I >rced to confess that: " The cannon of Wash- r 2gton was not more formidable to the British than le pen of the author f Common Sense." Is there a heart that does not throb at the ame of the author of the Declaration-THoM s JEFFERSON, the Statesman-Hero of the Revolu. ,on ? And do your hearts throb at the mention of is name, and yet refuse to pay even the tribute f one solitary.pulsation of justice to the mem ry of his brother patriot, his forerunner in the Cork of Freedom, the Author-Hero of the Rev lution-THOMAS PAINE? THE MISERIES AND EFFECTS OF INTEMPER NcF..-- he following is the most graphic delin ator of the miseries and effects of intemper nce that we have ever seen. It is from the rguments advanced by certain citizens of Por age county, Ohio, in a memorial to the Legis ature on the subject: " And yet its march of ruin is onward still! t reaches abroad to others, invades the family ad social circles, and spreads woe and sorrow .11 around. It cuts down youth in its vigor, nanhood in its strength, and age in its weak ess. It breaks the father's heart, bereaves the bating mother, extinguishes natural affection, rases conjugal love, blots out filial attachment, lights parental hope, and brings down mourn ng age in sorrow to the grave. It produces reakness, not strength ; sickness, not'health ; eath, not life. It makes wives widows, chil Iren orphans, fathers fiends, and all of them anipers and beggars. It hails fevers, feeds heumatisms, nurses gout, welcomes epidemics, vites cholera, emparts pestilence, and enbra es consumptions. It covers the land with idle ess, poverty, disease, and crime. It fills your ils, supplies your alms houses, and demands 'our asylums. It engenders controversies, Ios ers quarrels, and cherishes riots. It contemns aw, spurns order, and loves mobs. It crowds -our penitentiaries and furnishes the victims )r your scaffolds. It is the life-blood of the ambler, the aliment of the counterfeiter, the rop of the highwayman, and the support of he midnight incendiary. It countenances the ar, respects the thief, and esteems the blas hemer. It violates obligation, reverences fraud, nd honors infamy. It defames benevolence, ates love, scorns virtue, and slanders innocence. t incites the father to butcher his wife, and ids the child to grind L.is parricidal axe. It urns up man, consumes woman, detests life, urses God, and despises Heaven. It suborns ritnesses, nurses prejury, defiels the jury box, nd stains the judicial ermine. It bries vote,, isqualities voters, corrupts elections, pollute. ur institutions, and endangers our governmient. t degrades the citizen, debases the legislator, ishonors the statesnan, and disarms the patriot t bhings shame, not honor ; terrir, not safety; espair; not hope; misery, not happiness. And ow as with the malevolence of a fiend, it caln- - surveys its frightful desolations, and, insatiate ith havoc. it poi.ons felicity, kills peace, ruin, Corals, b ligits confidence. slays the reputation. nd wipes out nati'nal honor, then curses the orl.1 and laughs at its ruin." A Nm:w Donm:.- Wheri 's Crle,, !"--A .w days since a well dressed, gentlyimanly oking man, leading a beautiful boy somno live ears of age, entered a jeweller's slop in .Iroad rav. New York. and asked the price of a :rumisome gold bracelet--it was dl25. 'Thv entleman exaimined, and finally bonught the :ticle anl put it in his pocket. lie then took uit a large purse full of shimin;g laeaces atd opened At that moment, he sildenrtly exclaued, ith a look of ahirmh-"Why ! where is ('liar y !" :md daw.in the plum'p purse on the coun Ir. he rushed foim the shop, in frantic scareb f his boy, who h a'I disappeared. The clerk awaited the gentlemian's return for anme time, with the purse lying~ where he casi tdown in his excitemnent. No fear ot trickery ras entertainied. as the pur.<e evidently con ined nmoney amnouiting to twice the value of he bracelet. Buit when hour after hour p'assed rithout the gentleman's return, and it was fouind hat the purse contained brass medals, the size f half eagles, the clerk and his miaster both ame to the conclusion that their customer was slippery one, and his innocent looking boy ras not being brought up in the way lie should THiE .WIFE or SENATOR DoUGLAs.--The Wshington correspondent of the Cleveland ?laindealer thus notices this lady : It was ' reception' day, and Mrs. Douglas rose ipon our entrance, and with a charming grace f manner and high bred courtesy welcomed is to her home. Above the medium height, ter form is large, elegant and striking. Indeed t would be difficult, if not impossible, to find nother so fautless and perfect in proportions. her face is kindness and simplicity itself, with eatures regular and agreeable. Her eyes are lark, expressive, and when lighted up with in erest or pleasure, sparkling like diamonds in the unlight. Her complexion might fairly outvie the lily n purity, and her genial, hearty childlike laugh lisplays a set of snowy teeth, and makes the 'oem echo with its clear and silvery ringing. her brown and luxuriant hair was parted in the niddle, and drawnm without ornaments across icr forehead. Add to this the splendor of the nst costly apparel silk embroidery and equi ite laces, and all without attempt at display, td you have Mrs. Douglas as she appeared to rour umble servant on this memorable morn T E Nr~w Barrrsu MrNISTF..-.TheO Wash ngton correspondent of the New York Herald elegraphs to that paper as follows: I learn that Lord Napier has received, by a ate steamer, the most urgent instructions to multivate friendly relations with our Govern nemat and our people, amnd to endeavor to obtain i-om time former a co-operation in the movements n China. Atairs there are looming up with giganutic ap earances of present disaster, and it is supposed n well informed circles that the undivided at ention of England and France will be required y the exigencies in the East during the corn ig year or two, and both of these powers have i strong inclination to. let the United States ak the lead in the political movementa on this :ontinent, if they cani get us to-operate in China. As there have been several statements put rward of Lord Napier's household movements, Sis well that the matter should be set right. [his large family and initentionls relative to so ial entertainment required that he'should have t large house ; and one that suited him in this respect was offered him on Georgetown heights. [pon mature consideration he declined it, and has taken Senator Fish's house, in the centre of the city. It did not suit him so well as the ather, but he was influenced in his selection by the consideration that the .distanice to George-. town and the concomitanlt five dollars for hack' hi, woud keepm manuy -people: away freoi'hia" ..m I wiaswih ,-'on tr o i p intertainments. but thatne people should come ;o them. 4 I learn that he has asi& he wishes to bring bout as pleasing social relations here with the mbassy as have sprung.},p around the Ameri an Embassy in Londonauring Mr. Dallas, time here. It is also said t the English govern nent is very desirous thh the good relations, olitically and socially; that have sprung up round Mr. Dallas in . land shall be perpet sated. SLAVERYN OU( VIOUR'S DAY. "Abolition" being Jown as the Christian's nission in this, our de d as about his only nission, it becomes ofe necessary to recall he fact that slavery of, e worst sort existed n the Roman Empire -in ' Saviour's day, and :hat he no where p "abolition," nor :ivil nor servile war:' t, on the contrary, 1Servants, obey your 'aster;" We do not nean to say, our Savi . loved or defended, lavery, for we have no (#velation or reason to ay so, and, perhaps, to say the very -everse; but we do meah to say, Christianity n his day consisted in rdidering to Caesar the hings that were CMA and in letting civil nd servile institutions' ne. When Christ was on earth, He rebuked sin )f- all classes and kinds, land dared to rebuke .he Jewish Priest in his-vtemple, or titled Ro nan Gentile, if they were guilty of sin ; but while slavery was all abet him, neither He for his apostles ever prei hed an abolition ser non. The slavery Chri4'saw 'daily was that ender which a master could, sell a slave, work Am as many hours as he'leased, or put him to lath. A Roman slave ..ud not contract a narriage. His co-habita n with a woman was ,ontubernium, and no'.1 1 relation between im and children was ecognized. A Roman lave could not have poperty. A runaway lave could not be lawfully received or harbor d ; to conceal him was Rurthm. The muster vas entitled to pursue hint.wherever he pleased, mnd it was the duty of alt.:authorities to give ua aid in recovering the-+slave. A person be ame a slave by capture irapwar. A free woman, who cohabited with a slave, night be reduced to slarery. The immense umber of prisoners take in the constant wars >f the Roman Republic, rand the increase of vealth and luxury in Christ's day, augmented he number of slaves to i' prodigious extent. Very many Romans posssed 10,000 and 20, )00 slaves. A freed man, iloder Augustus, who lad lost much property in.the civil wars, left at is death, 4,116 slaves. :'.e, games of the am hitheatre required an immense number of laves. The gladiators in Maly, (before Christ, 3,) rose under Spartacus, Mid .were not defeat md by the Romans till 60,000 slaves were said :o have fallen in battle. $lavi dealers usually Lcompanied an army, anl-frequently, after a reat battle had been gained, many.thousants ere sold at once at very eap rates In the midst of this sytInI. of lLavery wa: he Christian cra inaugra:. 'irist preached Iinciples which subvert ;t'hq'ntrocities of lavery-as of every tthe* ystem of govern uent of life-but aboliti o as not his mis ion. Christiiis' iatsi " 'bly' : owled ;lave.,, ail con-criderl it no c(ime to own them. What we mean to infer from these fact's is, that .,lave-ry ws the sin and ri:ne the abolition sts of this day say it is, Christ saw it. in a worse ioit of view, and never preachedt an abolition 'ennon against it-lnever warred upln the gov iniinent that recognised and supported it-blut, nn the contrary, t:mght obedience to that gov. rium1nent. His u ission was to liriig sinners to -epentanCe, not to concentrate'all mcel's muits 1:pon the abolition of shivery, nor to divide so :iety, or a country, only upon that issue. If we could only impress upon our Abolition weachers of what they call " the Gospcl'' the xanmple of Christ when on earta, in the midst if Rtoniia shivery-in itself im'letiensibie, be :au-e of its atroeitie"-we might, perhaps, inake he uefiil in tiueliorating uandi. cl:ri.tiniiisinig A frican slavery in te United States. The ear y chfristian) wariters, after' Chirist's day. inenaca ed the duty-not of :abolition, bu.t of actingz oward sla'es-as mna.ters in thneir comlition vou be acted byv-and thus they did moucu ~owardl promnoti:ng the ultimnate extiinction of; davery, or ini the end of umerging slave< inito he ad.crip/li gh/Ir 01' serfs of the middle ages. f our' Northler-n .Abolitionists would only ~eason with, iuitead of cursing our Souath'ern :ountrymen. the rights iandl duties ohf slave<, usband and wife, might be legally estal.-lished n our Southern State.-.-diisiomns of' familiieN inder execuations might be done away with, mnd a system of education be instituted-but teir railing and cursing for twenty years have nly strengthned slavery in tbe Uiited States imd drawn tighter the bonds of th~e master ver the slave. Suppose, then, our Abolition theologians should spend a month or two in tudying up the system of slavery Chiit and is apostles saw on earth, when they pr'eachaed "ervants obey your master,"-anid "render to Csar the things that are Caesar's"-and when they returned fugitive slaves, as in thc case of ~nesimus. They have tried the cursing, now, r a quarter of a ceintury, and it has done no ;ood. Suppose, now, they try the Christian reed of " Love one another."-New York Ex FACTS FOR CONSIDERATION. In 1789, prior to the revolution, St. Domingo ~xported 76,835,219 lbs. of coffee, and 140,000, 30 lbs. of sugar; in 1818, the export of coffee ad fallen to 26,000,000, the export of sugar ad ceased entirely, and sugar is now imrported ito the island. In 1834, the year of the emancipation of daves, Jamaica exported1 to Englanad 18,268,083 lbs. collee, and 125',62.5,300 lbs. sugar ; in 1839I, [lve-years after, thaese exports lad decreased to 3,423,197 lbs. of coffee, anad 70,507,800 lbs'. The whole number of slaves implorted into the English West Indies, was 1,700,000; in 1834, only 660,000 remained to be emancipated, being 1,040,000 less than thme number imported, or a decrease of over three-fifths. Te whole number of slaves imported into the U. S. prior to the prohibition of the slave trade, 1808, was 375,000. By the census of 1850, the slaves in the. Unitod States amounted to 3,204,313 ; add to this the free blacks, 434, 495,---total of the negro race was 3,638'808, or nearly nine for every one imported. The slave population in the United States, in 1810, was 1,191,368. In 1850 it had increased to 3,204,318, or 2.64 per cent., nearly fifteen imes the ratio of the increase of the free black population. From the above facts the following conclusions may be drawn: 1st. That in consequence of the revolution in St. Domingo, and the emancipation of the slaves in Jamaica those islands arc fast relapsing into deserts. 2d. That slavery in the United States is a; very diflorent institution from what slavery was in the English West Indies; that in the United States, owing to their kind treatment, the slaves had increased nine-fold, while on the contrary, in thc Englisha West Indies, they have decreased thiee fifths. 3d. That theo negro race increases nearly fif eantimwsa imaam ther sta% Of awT he Southern States, under the care of their nasters, as in their state of freedom, in New England, when dependent on their own resour :es and the ch rity of the white race.--New Pork Day Book. From the Charleston Evening News. THE B.AKS AND TiHE USURY LAWS. In relation to the operations of the banks of :his State, as exhibited by their late Returns, we called atteition, a few days since, to four listinct beads. The first was: "The increased mnd increasing tendency of our banks to confine heir operations to a broker and kiting business n domestic exchange. The- effect of this on ;heir legitimate business and on the business of he country." A few plain facts and comments will illustrate this head. The banks of the interior or country banks end money upon drafts or bills, drawn upon harleston or other cities. They discount or rchase these drafts, because under the pretext f what is called exchange, they can charge a ate of profit, which on a simple loan wdild be isurions, and bring them in conflict with the isury laws. The city banks deal in the same broker business on private bills drawn upon New York and other places. These drafts or ills, whether drawn upon consignees of pro luce sent forward, or for the accommodation of arties, with or without an endorsement, then lenominated kiting, are usually on time, as for thirty to sixty days, at the end of which they nature and must be paid. They are often paid )y the proceeds of another draft or kite, under oing the same operation. It is notorious that t is now a common practice to require men, iranting a loan of money, to put their paper in his form. In addition to intlrest, there is bharged, ,JL: exdiange, from a quarter to a half er cent. for thirty days (at that rate for a shorter or longer time,) according to the pre ended ditfilcult3 of exchange, or rather accord ni to the scarcity of money, which the banks save been enabled to produce. .They have reat control over the amount of money, as they have been given almost unlimited power in the natter of the nature and the regulation of the ,urrency and of loans. Their rate of profit is hus increased to J and 12 per cent., and as hey are continually turning over their means y compound at short periods, it amounts per inum to 15 and-20 per cent. on those means. We will speak of this exorbitance in another irticle, in connection with usury, and the usury aws, and its ill effects upon the interests of the people of this State. Even a quarter per cent., td sometimes more,- is charged upon a cash Iraft, payable at sight or immediately, although t furnishes the bank means to sell its own draft gainst the fund at the premium of another 1uarter. There need be no surprise, therefore, that the majority of our banks pay net profits af from 8 to 12 per cent., besides laying up a surplus fund, defraying the salaries anil expenses f their c.;ablishment and restoring casual los <es in business, and all which amounts from 4 to 8 per cent. more on their capitals. Yet the high expense= and enormous profits of these institutionits :Ill come out of the people, and fill sunm thi&r property, productions and industry. Such-is tie immeo- cost of a monetaryn.a hinery. not at alt necessary in suih forms and muds. t.. the curre-icy, the comninerce or the prodictiveiness ot- the State. Simple and legiti 'nate Lourking is a ut eful institution, but w hen t beoie:. as fac, .-ions as ours, it. is a ,lardien and it wrob'dg. I:at coinpenmsationi to the peo sle of our .tte does it give for its actual or ssumed privilt'.- andi ti moneyel despotisnm ? All the comunm bankS aul a number in the ity have come I, confine themselves almost ntirely to thki illicit and shaving trade in launev. - In the bank Icturn-. ti:c-c operation'i are inicited inder the hewi of i )onme:tie Ex eWe have s'.oken of the ierea-ed and in rea.ing te:nlei:: to Ihe.se upseratioum<. We will illustte hr 'omilaring th lemi at dili'erent peri rids, and ais y com;:"iin: tIeim with le-iti mate discou~nts or. loanis, which are indricatdl itder the he.id oft " notes di-cou.nted oin per-on il semiite." lect u< tauke the mo'nth of Februn suna! .'.urity . .. .--1.02527.m00 s i10.inh I,sil1.001 It wil be observed Gant wiliLe legitimate ac'omn umodatiun remiains :-hout th~e sme figure. the ridi of 1I- wI'as -i,.uilar t., that of 185-, ; and it will be rememibere-l that in 1654 the .Yees ex psosed the monstrou-s act on of the banks in these matters. Let it be no'ted how the evil practice has extetnded ; hut cam we tnuch blame theum, if the peop~le and Legislature timiidly aic guec ? In the two forms of discount, the total amount in 1855 wa .$18,56i4,091.00, and in 1857 is $25, 15,30.00. This indicates a large increase in eneral trade and in the demand for itnoney. It is further indicated by the circuhlion-7,056, 300, in 1855, and P2,440,000 in 1857. But the isproprt ion in the mode of operation, is thie importnut ltet under the head we are discussing. n 1855 the regular discounts were over twen tv-five per cent. gqre'ater than the exchange bu sIness, yet in 1857 they are fifty per cent. less. By the Returns for this lhut February, the whole capital of all the banks is put down at 14,837,642-actually less than the amount in which their factitious credit. has assumed to in rest of itself in domncstic cxchange ! The people of the interior or country suf!'er most from thes! illegi ti mate operations. !But the following table, for February 1857, will tell its own story. Country Ban :s. Notes disounted on Domestic ecx. persona~l security. change. Bank of Jfamhurg... 171,115 74 $1,281,fl79 18 Bank of Newbjerry.. .1--- 371 21 995,627 59 Planter..' lank of~ Faiuiield.t,890 80 402,311 79 Merchin:/ Bank .; Cheraw 125,388 11 75.5,681 31 Exeb.u1gL~unk of~ iG.umbial 282,303 37 1,20 1,t771 .% Llank of Chotier.1--. 08,082 131 715.439 UGe Bank of Caid....--..--- 8,787 09i 605.930 01 B~ank of orgeeton- ---.159,406 16 .:,'95,123 86 City Banks. Railroad Bank. .... .....5a.33 42 739,336 74 State Bank..........-- -0 .0-1l 13 820,261 363 Farmners Exebange 1ink 753.736 10 1,165,246 50 peoples Bank.. ..... .. -- i',0 95 986,284 66 $3,112,175 05 $10,387,999 25 It is thus apparent that these banks lend far over three times as much at usurious rates as at the regular rate of interest; the country banks alone about six times as much, and the Bank of Newberry over seventy-two times as much.l This is making money out of the industry and property of the people with a vengeance. It makes the few rich, and the many poor. We have not embraced the Bank of -he State of South Carolina (the State inatitutioni,) as that Bank confines itself to its legitimate busi ness and to home services. Nor also the Bank of Charleston, the Planters and Mechanics' Bank, the Union Bank and Bank of South Carolina, in this city, and the Commercial Batik, in Columbia. All these Banks have a less ex chang than discount line, and confine them selves more istrictly to legitimate hxchange drawn against produtce-a business legalized, but vet not iin csnan~ace with proper bankinig. *. Frthisonnditon f oDe~ationS three cifect8 1. The banking capital of the State is lent at a rate far higher than the law intended, and banking has been diverted to an illegitimate business. 2. Increased difficulty to the people of the State in obtaining money at legal rates, or even at what should be its market value. An artful scarcity is produced, and therefore price enhanc ed, by the banks withholding accommodations except on exchange. 3. The unequal operation of the usury laws upon the people and the banks, oppressing the first, and yet protecting the latter from co ne tition in the money market. This in turn p presses and deranges the business of the State. The Banks must be restrained, and the usury laws must be abolished, in order to bring mon ey down to its market value, and to equalize its price. HON. PRESTON S. BROOKS. The funeral solemnities- of this distinguished man, were worthy of his name and the State which honored him. The procession from Wash ington to the place of his burial, following his remains, was an escort of the true admirers of honorable character and of manly virtues. The miserable Black Republicans, who object to the appropriate manifestation of public sentiment over the body of this chivalrous son of South Carolina, have celebrated the rites of their class, in the recently developed bribery and corrup tion of their leaders. While the defamers of the lofty Brooks, the dogs that kick a dead lion, skulk from the seats in Congress, polluted by their dishonesty, to hide in despair from the looks of men, the body of Brooks is taken by the representatives of States to its native soil, the nation and the sovereignty of States bear ing his honorable pall. The committee, sent from South Carolina, performed its duty in a way to turn the public eye, in admiring admi ration, from the sad spectacle of the remains of Brooks, to the noble and accomplished guard, which bore his lamented dust. The remark. of Mr. Yeadon in Richmond, struck us as more in good taste, more gravely dignified and briefly expressive, than any thing of the kind we have ever heard. While entire silence would have been inappropriate, and a long speech unsuita ble, he happily said just enough, and in a way. to meet the occasion and do honor to the labor of love. Could we suppose the State of South Carolina personified, we can imagine she would utter just what Mr. Yeadon spoke, expressing sorrow for a son borne back, from the battle in her cause, on his untarnished shield, with a humble acquiescence in the decrees of Pro vi dence, with the dignity of true grief, the resig nation of a true parent. They may talk of South Carolina as they will, but what State so fully honors the devotion of her sons, living, or so nobly mourns them dead I It is this trait, which causes them long after their hearts have sent deep into other soils the shoots of their affections, to cling to the memory of that State with a pride that knows no decline, and a hole of being re-united to her with a strength that never dies in life.-Tennesee (Mount High. Ala.,) Valley, 16thl March, 185T. When the go:d of highest mortal ambition i attained, add the circle of a deathless fame which hinds the brow is complete in its brilli ,,nce, the recipient may naturally look for further h..nors fromn those who seek fo.r I hem-elves a re election of his glory, or a continuoed lmudation from parasitical tongues that woildI attract to them-cdyes the smiles of power. lint when the sceptre has departed" frim the lband that swaved ; when illustrious place is vacated nu.i insignia which made. conspieious glitters upon aother. l,.n, indeed. there is a grateful incense of sincerity about praise :amd tribute that render bioth tenf'hi welcome to the recipient. Sueh after-power testimnioials are bein .1 n I('rred upon Franklin Pierce With a plenite1klL like th.! with which the vernal sea-on i. seat teim g[er an ,:tg ene utpon re jnvenatedl earth. Amng the muost recent ofi the-e sontve irs to the e'~-Iresident, is one fr in the citi zens of Savaunah, G eoria21, in the form of :t mssive <ervice of silver plate, " richly chased1 aw~il ornameted." To give clat to the gift, it wa< presented thiroughi Senator Toombs. Th:e moan is worthy of all these dlemionstra tou~s, awlimore. Awml already has lhe received mor-agraeflmemolry inl every~ nationl hert, a namei immnperi-hably carved in the temn pe of o)ur Contittionl. andi a fame uponi whose tlmninous dlisc there is not a spot of obscuration. ._Miss. State (hazette. Tumi Sr.A vr TZuAny.'r -rne Nowr---The New York .Journal of~ (ommerce has the following paragraphl for the digestion of the descendants of the men who pocketed the protits of the slave trade, which is now declared to be piracy by act of Congress: ~We have been thinking over the question of the proposed revival of the slave trade in this country. anid have colme to the conclusion that. if ever it should come to pass, it will be done by Massachusetts rather than South Carolina. A modified slave trade is already carried on from Boston as well as from New York, but not at all from Charleston or any Southern port. We allude to the traffic in CThine-se coolies, who, being comparatively white, t! eir enslavement, uner variou-s forms of imposition, is all right, as estimate i by Northern cupidity. So far as the. African slave trade is carriod on from North eri ports, it is done b.y foreigners, who .,kulk fron public ob.<ervation ; but the co'lie slave trade is conducted openly and largely by Yan kees. SrF' e fra B.Lns CourunerrzTE.-We entirely concur with our neighbors of the Carolina Times, in their jus;t condemnation of the conduct of Governor Aiken, in complimenting Speakcr Banks, as he did, who embodies and personifies black republicanism in its very essence and soul. Thlere is such a thing as a man going too famr with hiis manamnimnity, and we opine Mr. Aiken reached that point, when, in addition to previons coplliments in the sanme direction, he rose in his ,lace and movred a resolution of thanks to Mr. Speaker Banks, "for his able and impartial di~charge of his duties." A traitor to the Con stitution of his country, and the leader of a vil-I ltinous band, who would rob us to-morrow, if they had the courage, or dared to come out like brave outlaws and enforce their iniquitous de signs at the point of the sword, or mouth of the cannon. A pretty business this, to compliment those who are daily heaping abuse upon our heads, adding insult to injury, and, who are as ready to-day, to burn our towns, ravage our coasts, and'destroy the lives of. our people, as. were ever the hired minions of George III, to tread down and dishonor the spirit of n'ew born liberty.-Camden Journal. CALL. rOil A DRED SCOTT CoyvENTION iN MissA(.sirvvs.--The people of Warren, Mass., at a meeting held on the 22d inat., passed a resolution in favor of a State Convention at Worcester at an early day, "to devise means to secure prompt, efficient, organized, united anid contined action in the crisis resulting fromi thme: Dn- Scmrer cae, ad the state of affairs in NEWS FROM ALL QURTERS. D)extrru FROM A DIssECToN. Wouxo.-Dr... Champney died at his residence in Brooklyn,{N.. Y.,) on Friday morning, 13th instant from po' son received while making a post mortem.exami nation. On Monday, at the request of Coroner Redding, deceased assisted in the post mortl' examination of the body of John Elders, alleged to have died fromh violence at the 'haid-s of gds roters. While engaged at this he- picked th( second finger of the left hand, and, notwithstand - ing every exertion was made to prevent "n fatal result, he died, after suffering the most intense agony. Deceased was twenty-seven years of age, and had prepared himself for the: iueceeuf practice of his profession by extensive travel and by practice in different hospitals. . . "Ion," the Washington: correspondent of the Baltimore Sun, furnishes the. followingimportant. information: - -- The Hispan-Mexican questioti is sponto -com maid the attention of the government and people of the country. It may be involved with the Cuban question, 'producing a state of tLings in which the Ostend polic may be brought into practical operation.. There are rumors in con nection with this topic concerning the diploma tic appointments to be made for Spain and France. Another attempt to purchase Cuba will. no doubt, in any event, be made before long, and in anticipation of the threatened Spanish in vasion of Mexico. THE METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCi.--This organization numbers some eighty thousand members or Communicants, and employs nearly fifteen hundred ministers and preachers. This denomination, composed originally of seceders from the Methodist Episcopal Church, was or ganized in the city of Baltimore in the year 1830. By its constitution, the right of repie sentation is secured to the laity. The right of trial by committee, the right of challenge, and the right of appeal as in civil courts, are so cured to accused members. EMIGRANTs FOR KAxsAs.--Since the opening of navigation this spring-every boat which pas ses up has large numbers of emigrants for Kan; sas lerritory. Of these a good portion arc from the Southern States. From all we can now-see, the South will be well represented in the emigra tion of this spring; however, thereis many things which work against the hope we have all along, and still entertain that Kansas will be a Slave State. The people of every Northern Stateseem to be working against us, with the single object of excluding slavery, while several of the South ern States, if we are to judge by their papers, are disposed to give up the strugge, at the very-mo ment when united, decisive and energetic action would crown their efforts with success.-Inde pentdence Dispatch. Sr. Lo is, Mo., March. 27 TERnuI.E ExPLOSIoX AT Sr. Louis. -A terr explosion has occurred in Aldrich's gun store. 'our persons are know to be killed, and many others seriously injired. - per; are to be set with diamonds, and thesetting of her fan tuad mirror are valued~it ?20,000. The Colubnhu Tinw.rx r.i .Ni%/incl savs emphat ieally that the ('otmmuereial lintk of lrunuwick i. ;:o a will eat, but as .ati- and .solvent a Yank as there is in (eorgia. The editor is reliably itforned that $50,000 in gold has been paid into, the vmiatd of the lank,'ail its bills are redeem lie at the Bank of Savannah. The stock-holders re.,iti. in (olumules. Brunswick and Steward e.muntv, and are worth at least $100,000. .A\o-r1uEt IF:r: MIutuu;ut ..-The Albany (N. Y.) ppiers record the nirriage, Mondav, of Willi:uu 'Trmux, a wilowfr f 60 wiuters and eleven children, to Mrs. Mlartinue, a widow of 01.11 chil. .\ enn-acit ihr the education of the bride-Is child, and including an .:allowanuce ofT :il1000 pert year fihr lu-rself, was dlratwn up. The weadh~telhy reihro wa's so -.ted at his suc.css .iimatrimntial speculation, that hie got on a spfree atnd intto the station houu.se on his wedding. night. Ft.iitt .INI (Jn.:N . T its WEusT.-There is meuch itngntiry in regard to the stock of flour and .rain at the West, and on this point we condense 1he ibhlowintg from a pirivate letter to a lending house of this city, dated Chicago,. March 21. There are in store at Chicago 37,000 bbls. of flour, 7:10,000) bushels wheat, 130,000 bushels corn, and 114,000 bushels oats. At Milwaukie, 56.000 bbls. flour,, and 59I3,000 bushels wheat. At Kenoshai, betweetn two and three hundred thou saud bushels of wheat, and at Racine about the samie quantity. The writer also expresses the opinion half the wheat crop of Wiscensin is not yet marketed, while the quantity .in illinois. is much larrger than is generally stated. At Chica go, corn was taken at 43 @-44 ets., free on board int April and May, 45 cents for June, end 50 eints. for July. The crop of wheat on the- ground .is also said by the same authority to be very prom ising.-N. * Courier. PRESERvES 15 TIN CASs.-The New Bedford Mercury leains that a lady residing ini that city was bailly poisoned a few days sinice, by eating a fe~w spoonsfull 'of prescerved whortleberries, which had been put in a tin case. The liquid fromi die berries had formned verdigris on the, stu-iface of the metal. For severaf hours the lady~ above mnentionted remanined in a nearly in seiible condition, and was with difliculty brought to. The article was p~urchased for matk ing pies. All preserves of this description shoul h e put up and kept in glass. Fixa CorroN.-The editors of the New Yo~rk Courier and Etiquirer have beoen shown a sam-* ple of Sea Island cotton, taken from a bale sold in Charleston, South Carolina, at 135 cents per pound, probably the highest price paid in twenty years. Tho factors who sold this bale are eon lident that it is the finest bale of cotton that has ever crossed the Atlantie. The planter (of Edisto, South Carolina,) took the medal in the London,. Exhibition of 1851, and the prize bale, thougrh it spun yarn up to N~Io. 900, is believed to be inferior to this. This bale was picked. outy the lady of the planter with her own hands, and it is a marvel the perfection to which she has brought the staple. it is to go to Havre. BLAsTING CoMPoU.D.--A new explosive com pounud has been patented, consisting of rags or paper, saturated and coated with a mixtmure of gunpowder, chlorate of potassa, and powdered calcemed cork. 3:e chlorate of potassa supplie's a large quantity of oxygen to combine with the carbon that is liberated 'when explosion takes1 p lace, and the peculiar structure thiat isol aaned by employing rags or paper causes all p arts of a charge to 'be ignited 'instantaneously.. The compound is used in a cartridge. it is stated that one pound of it, at a price of one-half the same weight of guapowdecr, possesses an amount of explosive force eitual to-three pounds of gaz powder. A great additional advantage alsocl acterized it, viz:. it exlodinoprik very .1t. autok. . . d