Edgefield advertiser. (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, March 25, 1857, Image 1

Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page. It is also available as plain text as well as XML.

4 "We will cling to the Pillars of the Temple of o ar Liberties, and if it must fall, we will Perish amidst the Ruins." SIIKINS, DURISOE & CO., Proprietors. EDGEFIELD, S. C., MARCH 25, 1857. -.1--. BETTEEGO SLOW. In all the varied scenes of life Its noise, confusion, turmoil strife These little words if borne in mind, Would suit right well all human kind "Go Slow!" The fast young man who cuts a dash, Upon his " Gov'nor's" hard earned cash, Will think, when all his money's fled, This motto should have filled his head "Go Slow!" The flirt with lovers at her feet, Her cheeks so fine-her heart deceite. When years shall steal her charms away, Will weep she did not in youth's May Go Slow !" The man of money, he who spends, His thousands on his horses-friends May sit him down in after years, To con this lesson through his tears "Go Slow !" The husband who to see more life, Deserts his children, lom and wife, When sunk beneath the hand of fate, Will mourn he (lid not-ere too late "Go Slow!" The wife who always shopping gces. Leaving her children out at toes, Should keep this matter in her heart And learn to act a mother's part "Go Slow!" The Banker counting cent per cent The landlord angry for his rent The Clerk behind his master's till 'Twill suit you all-this lessonill " Go Slow !" The widow, wife, the maiden, amiss. The husband, father-think of this In whatever path you go, 'Tis always best to travel slow "Go Slow !" - tL S~Ticd1llu. R.THER RICAl. A correspondent of Brother .onathan, dating New Orleans, Dec. 3d, 18;. gives the following good story : Going up to St. Louis last month, I noticed as soon as the Loat had got fairly started, a green-looking customer, who was scrutinizing the bell, as if he had never sewn one before. Ile soon attracted the attention of the Captain and a great many of the passengers. "Keep still and look at that Yankee," said the Captain; "we shall have fine sport present ly," and at the same time walking up to him, he added: " Well, sir, what do you thing of the bell ?" "It is a very pooty one,-how much did it cost?" "Three hundred and fifty dollar.;." " Why, du tell ! That would iy a farm upi in our country. INow do you go to work to ring the critter?" " Why, by pulling the rope, to le sure." I)oe's it ring very hard. Capten ?" " Not very ; wouldn't you like to try it ?" "I don't. know but I would ; how much would you ask to let a feller ring it a little while ?" "'1Ten dollars." "Human nater ! you ought to let a feller ring it as long as he pleases at that priice." The Captain thought to have some fine sport out ot him, and toldi him he could (10 so. The Yankee pmuieud out a ten dollar piece, and call ing on some of the passengers to witness it, that there might be no backing out on either side, commenced ringing the hell. It was fine fim for them all at first, but they very soon grrew tiredl and anntoved with the noise, tfor .Jonaithanu kept at it as if'it were the last work he ever in tended to do. The Captain as wel. as the rest began to get very much annoyed, for more thtan once lhe had been asked to have it stopiped. So lhe went up to him and asked how much longer he intended to r~ng that di-lishi bell ? "[t's a fair bargain, Captain, that I should ring it as long as I pleased, anmd I can proove it SWell if you wvill only stop. you can have your umoney'biack again." aNo, sir-:ee," was the reply. " Well, howv much will vou ask to stopm it ?" "Well, seein' its you, Cappenm, I don't know b~ut if you will give ime fifty dollars and a free ticket to St. Louis, I will let you off!" T he Captain hesitated a nmomnent, anid told him to come. into ihe office. After he lad paid him he ausked, " iow long did you intend to ring~ that bel ?" ~ 'IWll I reckonm I in.tenided to ring it till you wouldl p:ty me poety well to .stop tt. l Iut su.-Le I would not have giveni vou antiihinig' to stop it, whlat thlen would you have donc ?" ', Well. I reck''n [.40huidl have run:g it till I had wrm:ig the nie'k ofl the tar mnal cri tter."' )111. .UlIDOWIN. Mr. Amnidown~i was- a eitizenf of eredit andi renowni.' I ut his credit was chiefly amt thle tavern ; and his renown was thait iil'a nmi.erabl'e and Lloa.tedi rumn drinker. (One niight. as usual, 1 e had been att the village grosg-shop, and mi an advanmced state oft hoozin~ess, --et ui,. towards S morning, to go heonme, to th!e bo som of i thum 1y. lie had oiften at that Ihour obser'ved recu liar phenoimna in nature, not predictedl in any pop larananace; but creation had nevei- ap pearedl to him so very queer as on that memo' ruble occasioni. There wer'e three or fou~r mine -rable lookinig moons ; the stars had a loose autI shakenup.fppara~c-there were doublIe-stars. triple-stars~, shtooting-stairs, no fixed st ars. bit $iu~ddenly, any quantity of newly-created .atars which appeared to be in neither heaven nfor earth but ini a vast region openedl .list beha Mr. Amidowvn's left eyebrow.. In fact, his ';ead had comec ineviolenit conitact with the side of thme road-anothter unaccoutntable phlenomenoii~n. 1Re ing a good deatl discouramged, lie eoncluded to lie there until the universe en.irte righit-.side-up agin, and stopped wvhirling; anmd was found in this state by a farmer who had set out thu~s early to carry a load of produce to ma~rket. " What are you down here for ? What's your name ?"' says the farmer. " Amidown !" drawled the poor fellow. " D~own ? yes, flat enough !" exclaimed the far mier. " Who are you? What's your name ?" "Am-i-down !" articulated the victim withI maudlin emphasis. " Of course you are ! Flat as a pancake. Tell me what your nme is, if you want mae to help " A-I-Dowe, I say !" " I say yes, you are ! Don't ask that again ! If y-ou can't tell me your name, I shall go on and leave you." " Antenow !" roared the toper. "Well done !" said the farmer, losing patience, "a man that's so drunk he can't tell his name, and don't know whether he's down or up, don't 1 deserve any help !"4 " A y -i-down," spluttered the man who had fallen by the wayside. You'll find out whether you are down or not, before I help you.-if you can't tell your name;" and so saying, the 'ood Samaritan mounted his wagon and drove on. Arrived at the village, he told his story, which created great amusement, and which Mr. Amidown never heard the last of, until lie was down in earnest, not on the roadside, bunt in the paupers' burying-ground, to which hard drinking and lying out of nights had soon brough. him. " FATHER S DRUNK ALL TIE TI3E." Such was the expression of a little child who came to our door a few days ago, l.egging for bread and clothing. "Father is drunk all the time." Poor child ! what a volume of misery and woe are expressed in those six words. t Ilome, where comolit should have an abiding place, amid where happiness should dwell as a t oinistering angel, is transformed into a hell up on earth by " Father being drunk all the lime." Starvation, rags, and all the hideous lorns of poverly gather round the houe of that father who "is drunk all the time." Mother broken hearted, children growing ui in ignorance and disgrace, unfited to perform that part on the stage of life which the creator designed for t them, are the result of" Father being drunk all the time." " Father is drunk all the time." This little one knew the fact, could appreciate the cli'ct, felt the pinching of hunger, had experienced the horrors of the past, and with enotions of grief, which no pen can describe, looks at the black gathering cloud which hangs of er t he future, tromt which no gleam of sim1:ihiine is vi-i ble, and fron which he has no reasonableantici pation of better days. Poor child ! a beggar from - door to door a dependent upon the cold charities of a htartless world, ,t it Ii words of truth and frankness pro- 1 claiming the sad news of his own destitution, misery and disgrace, in order to get bread to snatain life, and clothes to protect himt from the chilling winds of autumn and winter-and re turning to his home, if, indeed. a homie it iiny , be called-his eyes meet the form of him wi i should be a protector, supportor, and friend but the vigor of his manhood is gone-hi. in telleet is imnpaired, his form i. haggard and de jeced, nll the whole apjpeaname of' the victim t again reminds the sufferinmg child that " Father is drunk all the tm" /iance Ti. . W rii:x Deacon P. got into a bad position, lie was very expert at erawhng out of it. Though t too quick teipered, he was one of the be.it dea- n cons in the world. He would not, in a sober S moment, utter an oath, or anything like one, h Gir his weight in eider. At the clo-e of a rainy it day, he was milking upon a knoll in his bartiI yard, on one side of which was a dirty" plo:gh. and on the other was an old buck, that, in ci- o sid!era ion of hi- usually quiet dis osition, was- z allowed to run with thecows. The Deacon was a p:ously huuuiumn -- hl. IIundred," md hiu l jut i: finished the line ending with "exalted high," t when the raui, obieingi: a soulden iimi.ul-e to lbe agressive, gave himi : blow from behind thatb seit him up a short distance. only to lidl direct Ity in tl- sl.ughi where the dirty water was deep t enough to give iiiim a thiooighl imiuers.ing. As ie craw Ied tal, aiiid iefuire he r'Me fr'omi his ihnds and' knees, he Loked over his .ioilbler at thei main, a:w C.1en vociferated--" You devilish oli ctis- Iiit I i looking round ad .ceein: one 6 of his neig:lo.< at the bars looking at him. he t alde.l inl t he s-un reatIi-" IfI may be allUowed a to ute the expres -kin" .\ ('i.i:.tN Su:i.i...--\A shire wd coiun try man wi-s in New York the other day. gawky, unconth, i and innlocenit enough ini appearance, lbut in ireali ty. with his eve-t eeth emit. Passig up1 Chant hain shieet, throiughi the clothles quarter. lie was con tiiiially enicounte ired withI imiportuinites to buy. y Fruoim almost everyi store some oiie rushed out,.i in atccordancee with the aninoyiing custom of that street, to seizeL upoin and try to force him to purl chae. A t last one dirty-looking fellow caught a him by th~e arm, and' clamorously urged him to ai become a ellstoiiier. "IHave von got any shirk<?" iimpiiied thet countryman, wit hi at very innoceiit look. "A'splendid assortmtient. sir. Step in, 5ir'. C Every price, sir', and every style. The chieape-t in the street, simr." " Are thmer cein" O To lbe si're. sir. Step in, sir." " Thien," resuiiedl thle count ryiman, withi per feet gravity, " put on one, for- you need it."' T1he ra.-e of t lie shop keeper nimy be imnaginiedl as the 'ounitr'yi.it) t uingii up1on1 his heel, quiiet Iiv pursued his warii. i Tuinoxa- ('orroi Tia-:iine tat ourl Ala-e ba man oeh~ua-e seemi to lbe very' fhvor'ably im prssd v thuis inewlv inventid inethod of' 'hold ing~ coompressedl cott'on in haihks. It is stattedl that thirty thouii:imd Ibags of' citton of' hiw last copif, whi'ehi ha~ve' beeni i're'eie at New O rleans.mi have i i-en' s'cured-' lhv the " ir'on co'tt on tie The advantiagein i~ ei ni for' this tie. ar: !. It wdiil save' to plante'rs. 'omp~:n-inig its ex' penise with the' avierage pric'e of ropep fori live ha:leis: tr ov'er luhf': aiiin of' do~llars upimi ani -:Ueraige tcrop. 2. Jr will give to piinteris. whien enttoin is wor't hi ight and ma hi~i'eenti~s, a profit uipian its cot, inwI ii at prsent lres this profit will :oiunit. toi 9I. twoii ini -ve-ry one huindr'ed thoins:mid bali-s. :Ii prio'tei-ts thn'eoii fnkhls h'rimi fi'e I. hi irednees. hv uuni'-thirdl, the hulk tat the I tha'es of' i-ion un'd thu- lessen'i, the e'xpe'iise if its transpoationiii. .5. It will nio1 irt. ori breac~k, air strtchi. andl is priot'ited fi'aim ruist, by a ciivinig aof coial tar' T'hea .wini' iof thie riht, it is said, can:iii umkr. when'i i'ottoan is ais hilia s 'ighit amid a hall tcents j saim al I .''."-.\ tguta ('isristituitinialst. \ pi~nsos:m is rner'r.ri.-.A y'oungt par'am lst his wayi in a flirest. and it being v'ehemient- 1 l' c'old anid rainy, lie haippened upon n poor tot t~iaaer. andii desired Ia lo~dginmg or hay loft tai stay in, and ronu:e fire to warmi hiim. Theii nm tohd hiim thait he anal his wife land buit onelt 1bed, and 1 if lie please to lay with thieii he should lbe we'l camie. ~Thme pars'on thaimnked him and kiindly ac- 1 ceted it. In the morning the mian rose to go to mai'ket, and meeting sonie of his neigl.bors I he fell a laughing. The" asked him what~m nmade< himi .o merry about the mouth. " Why," says he. "I can't but thiink how shameid the paritSonf 1 wtill be when lie awvaker' to find hinmself in bed r withi niy wife."-P'ittsbui'g (Pa.) Post. yg-' lHem.inais.-Thec Cleveland Iherald ad- ' 1 dri'esse's this to, the old hacehelor's: " If' our' Maker thoughit it wrong for Adami fo I live siingle when there was not a woman on earth,'' how crimiinally ruilty are old bachelors, with ; the.. orol u ni etty girls I" ~ !IE DRED SCOTT CASE-OPINMON OF CHEF JUSTICE TANEY. Chief Justice Taney, in delivering the opin on of the Court, said that this case, after argu nent at the last term, was directed to be re-ar rubd at the present term, owing to difference of pinion existing among members of the Court, nd in order to give the subject more mature leliberation. There were two leading questions: first, bad he Circuit Court of the United States for the )istrict of Missouri, jurisdiction in the case ; id if it has jurisdiction, was its decision er:o icous or not? The defendant denied, by plea in abatement, he jurisdiction of the Circuit Court of the rlited States on the ground that 'the plaintiff is a negro of African descent, his ancestors 'ere of pure African blood, and were brought ito this country and sold as'slaves," an ere >re the plaintiff' " is not a citizen of tlid ate if Missouri." To this plea the plaintiff dt r ed, and the court sustained the demurrer. iherenuon the defendant pleaded ever, and nstilied the trespass on the ground that the laintill and his family were his negro slaves; nd ' statement of facts argued to by both par ics, was real in evidence. The Chief Justice having .tated the facts in lie case, proceeded to say, in substance, that he question first to be decided was, whether lain.iff was entitled to sue in a Court of the :iited States. This was a peculiar question, nid for the first time brought before the court mier such circumstances; but it had been rouglt here, and it was the duty of the court to ncet and decide it. The 11uestion' was simply his, can a Ieg'o, whose ancestors were import d and sold as slaves, become a member of the olitical connunity formed and brought into xistenec by the Coustitution of the United states, and, as sitch, become entitled to all the ights and i:immities of a citizen. one of which ights is sceing in the courts of the United tatei in cases therein specified. In discussing lis ;uestion we must not confound the rights t' a citizen which a State may confer wit lii is own limit.;. with a citizen of the Unitel tates. No one can be a citizen of the United lates uiless under the provisions of the Con titution ; but it dioes not follow tflat a man. ing a citizen of one Stat(. mntt be recogiizedI such hy every State in tlhe Union. lie un v ea citizin in one State and not re-ognized as ciei in another. Previous to the ad.option of ie Constitution, every State might confer the blanter of a citizen, and endow a man with l the rights pertaining to it. This was confin J to the boiniiaries ot a State, and gave them o rights beyond its liimits. Nor have the rev ral States surrendered this :owcr by the aiip oni of the Con.,tittuti m. Every State :nay nfer the right upon 11 alient or on any oth lass or descriptions of persons, who would. to I intents and pulpo es, the a citizen of tht' tate, but not a citizen in the2 sense u-e'l in the 'onstitution of the United States, he would at thereby bece't a citizen of the United taes, and, therefore could not sue in any court the United State., inor could le enjoy the umutietic. of' a. citizen in tlie other States. is rights would be con!inel strictly to his own tate. The 'on-tituttion give ('ongre-s the wei' to e.'tatli-li 'a litiif'orcii ri'e of at tiirali Lti'in ;"c.'i.jliet'ilt ll no State, Iy natualizing a alien, ca eId collier I11' hiin the rigilts ald minities of' all the States. imditer the 1 eneral overmnent. It i-< ver'y Clear, therefore, that u State ec.tt, by any iit. initrouiice a new intmi ir into the il'oliti'al I'tinul, created Il tet onustitution. Tthe ijp:e.ti:l then ari.es. Wh'et her :e pr1 i.,ins of the 'en -t itutuin 1' the iteis later. in relation to pe&rsonal rights. to whieb a !!rzel of a State i. e;;tithld erltraed nloese [ the . Airlean t"::te. at th;:.t time inl the cumtry. r afterw1ard-, i:k;:'r"led,'i 11- 111t.ad .e e :1 f .111an tate: aInt wi.e icr it ii i: tie Lower of any. tate to mca::ke stca.: a on" : eiizeil of t her t. " i en:Iw.ti hin wit! itl! (itiLzen-hip in aly ..- tlituitin of ihe t niiie Staltes e lf inl hii id eth e himi withI all the righ ts of' a itize'n! iltainied; ail. if' nit. t he phnuiltiffl conlhl t c a i'itize'n ctf Aissonri wit hin thle mwainig 0: ie Contstitutiont, not a i'itizeni of th fi.'tniteid tate-, and coni~sequeiitly inoIti henl to sue in It is true that everyi la~rson, and evemy clais ah de--enption f per'tsons' at the timei of t he !otin of' the 'on-ttitui. regard'ed a-: eii :ns of the sever'al State-. biecamen citizens of i5 new pollitic'al L ..ely. and nite other. It -as ihr iheni amid then' poster'ity. anid for' nobuody' [se: anwl all the r'igh ts andi intiities were i ended toI embraeuc only those of State comn unities. or I hose wihl be'iulcam memberi~iS accord ig to the pr'uiciples ent which the Constitution -as adihctedl. It wats a Union of' those who -erc memubers of the politicail connmunities, hose poiwer's. t r certain specilled purp'loseS ex oedl over the whole terriitor'ies of' the unitedi tites. ande gptve each citizen ightts outside his tae which lhe did not belb re piossess, and plac all r'ighits of' persons1 and proper'ty on an tttliiy. I t ieconme -nece4sar'y, lhere'fiore. Io det'ermie 'ho ere citizens of' the severatl States w~hien ie Con.-,titut ion was :alo' edc. lIn ot'der' 6 do ai-:, we must reur toi the Cilonic' when they 'paratedl fi'om (Great Iki tain, fornmed new coin uiities. awl toolk thleu irilace among the famnily f ntioml. 'T'e'v, whoe w.ere~ reco.ize.Cd as citi -ni. of' the State., <h-ehiredl th' independience f Ireat Biitain. 'anit defended it, by iihrec of i'ts. Anotheri'ecla:-s oft personsi5 who had been ipot 'ted as slaives, or' theirI de'ceiemhmis, were IIIt'Lrecognized or' iitnddl toI be inchl ued in iit mietmoriablc in stronen c t-I lie 1Dec'lar'ation of udeendn'ice. I: is iilicutlt. at. tis daye.. toj alize thle State of peublu'iej pinion, '5 repe't inicr bat unfo rtunate elasu, wiJ ih thle civilized muah lihtened porlltion of' thle worlId, at the time ' thle lieelaratio n of' Iudeplenden~ce antd the lopt ion of Ih tu' ('nistituiioil ;hut hiistory' shuows ie)' have, fori til ire than: a c'entiiry, becen re ri.led as bIn~'gs elf an ina-rt~ir or'der' and ut:Iit ssocates form thle white race. eithler' socially' or' ilitica!!y); andl 1:1 ha', rights w~hich white mlien 'rcelomll to respe~tct ; atid the black man iighlt lee recducl Ito shiv ~ery, liought ande sold, uid tre'at (ed a an or'dinr arl ' :mticle of mterchatn ise. 'This eopmiion., at thatt timen, was fixed and nuivesal with the civilized portion of' the white ice. t was r'egarided as an axiom int imorals, 'chii'f no oene thocughit of disputing, and every te habitually acted up~on it, withtout doubting ir a mioment ihe correctness of the opinion. il in tn meaiin wast. this ohpiiion more fixed r' nor C generially acted upon than in England, he subjects of1 which Governument not only' 'izdl themu on the Coast of Africa, but took le as or'dinarimy merchlandize, to where *tey ould miake ai profit ton t hem. The opinion thus tcmt ained, wa~s uiverSally' impressed on the :olonies this' side of' the Atlantic; accordingly, eroes of thie Af'rican mace were regarded by hem as piroperty, and held, and bought, [and( old, as such inl ever'y oneC of the thirteen Colo tis which umntedl in the D)eclaration of Inde lendenc, and afterwardi fornmed time Constitu ion. he doctr'ine if' which we have spoken vas strikingly emtfor'ced by the D)ecla'ration of ndependenice. It begins thus: t" When in the ....s of human events, it becomes necesar for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected,,them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal sta 'on to which the laws of nature and of naturp God entitles them, a! respect to the opinidns of mankind requires that they should dellare the causes which impel them to the separation;" and then pro ceeds: " W -hold they, truths to be self-evident -that all men are c equal; that they are endowed by their.C , ore with certain inaliena ble rights ; that am6o9 these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of h ' iness. That to secure these. rights, Governm ts are instituted among men, deriving theiry "' powers- from the con sent of the governed, c." The words before quoted would seem t embrace the whole hu man family; and if in asimilar instrument at this day would'be understood. But it is too clear for dispute t .t the ensla+et' African race were not intend to be included, for in that case the distingu emeii who famned the Declaration of Indepen ence. would be flagrant lyrafhst the princip which they asserted. They who framed the.Pclaration of Indepen dence were men of t uch honor, education, and intelligence, to sa -hat they did not be lieve; and they knew at in no part of the civilized world were th negro race, by connon consent, admitted to he rights of freemen. Tfhey spoke and acted cording to the practices, and usages of tihe day That unfortunate race was supposed to.be separate from the whites, 1 and was never thought pr spoken of except as < property. These opinis underwent no change when the Constitution was adopted. The pre- 1 amble sets forth for whatdurpose, and fir whose i benefit it was formed.-G1lt was formedl by the tpeople--such as hadhion members of the ongri nal states--and the grekt object to "secure the blessings of libierty to selves and our posteri ty." It speaks in geneed terms of citizens and 1 people of the United StAtes when providing for the powers granted, without defining what te- < ecription of persons should be included, or who should be regarded as ,tizens. But two eau- i s<. of the Constitution point to the I;egro rae as eparate, an-d not .regarded as citizens, for wh.m the tonstitutioo was adopted. One t clau-e reserves the right; to import slaves until I l80, and in the second the States pledge them- I -elve<. one to another, to pre erv the r ights of the miaster, and to deliver tip shaves e-caping to I their i-espective terr-itories. Jy the fir-st clhuse the right to purebase and hold this property is directly sanctioned and anthorized by the per- I conls who fraini.d the Coutitntion, for twenty I vea:rs; and the State.;pledged thenselves to i nphold the right of the master as loig as tle I gterinment, t hen farined;shoubl endn e. Ani this shows conclusively thiat atnother description t of per wiere ecett id in the other luro- 1 i~n '- te ConstbitutLiiions The- e tWo etnio.' were not intended to confer upon them or their I pu~sterity the bles--intgs of liberty. .so c.arefully tonferied upon the ikac4. Nitn'e of this class ever emiigrated to the United States voluntaiily. They were all articles 'Of merehaudi-e. The muber emancipated wuseiw a; compared with t tho.e vho were held ir i" r, and not sulib :1 sepaiite eliss. and were regarded as a part of the shave poptilatioli, rait'he tilai free. It Cattin: be upo) ed $i ;i that the State onler el citizen hit nion them ; for all tho.=e State.; 1 at that time c-In lished piolice re-ulatinns for tile security of them -elves an:I fnilies, as well :ts ut 1ol erty. 1:1 sule litor ca-es. there we:-e dilerent too ies of tr:al, mtt11 it conId noti be ilpIo-e.l that tho. e Stalce. wold have ormii - 1I or co:ehnteri 11 a tiverinmi:nut whieh abol.she I thi- rigtt, a1 i thk fromi t he:n the sti;.ariid' - . jinial to their own irotet-t io. They hai . inot the right to le::r aios. mal appe:hr a pit.lic I oIceti.-:rs to dicu- pu!itical 1ine--tion.-I, or 1r;:e i mncasnres of reform which! they iit deem ail isable. They caiinit vote at vicetiotn-. 1r it erve Its piri'. norti stppenl' awitSitie.'es~ vi're ] thi tulu' 111';hi'asesi'-: weeai are conce1.rned. T hese ri'ght are see;nred' 1 in everv state to wh-ite icmte. Ii i., iuii>.ible i o14 believe that, the tmen of the sliviehlding t tate.' who took so herg-e a h:re in the hior:ina in of the Consttitutio'n, -amblh ihe so re,-gar.lk-.-- t t t htemtielve< and tlih-:tfety of1 those who trut e-d andh c-4:dideud ini thtem.u l-ver-y htuw of !tritur-iizattioni confhin" citizem - iip totnhiklei. ens. This- is a marttke I sepa- n tion ri-om the black.. Ender thae Conftdriittin very State htm! a:-ig ht to decjid- for it1.-elf. andi te termi It-ree inLIabittt." thle forinity ofh em. eer-taitili exwhied the Mrian i-;a-. Isr - ete framiedl ih .t-he. lat ter- e ;2eeialhIy. linder I le ('uncstit utitn the word -t eitn is u-ti- ti tuteT it-r " fr-eiilhab'iitnt." Afteri furtherelabo- i, rttion ont this point. the Chie.- -iec --it iomt the best coideN'hiratio n. we have c-ome to the -onebltsioni tt the A fmrican race wiho camte to this coutryi- whtetheri free or slave. were nt itenled toiII b'iniclutde ini the Constiittion fori he enijoymient of anly personail righits or~ bene hits ; anid the two provisins which point to hei, retthem as proiperty , anid nt-k. i' the dty of the Govetrnmnit, to protect them ai such. 1llenc, t he Court is of opinin, fromi the luets sttLed in the pleat in abatemient, that 1)redi Scot't is lnt at citiu:en of Mhissori, :und isu not. theefore, etitled to sue in the Uitied Statesu Courts. Tiih fllowing tets appear- on thte record: in the y-ear 13:1., the i~lainjti If was at negroi slave biehmi~ging to Dir. hEm-er-on, who wast- a sreoni in the army of the United States. in that year (1834) saidl Dr. Emerson took the ph~iitiff fromi the State of Missouri to the miii- I tary poat at lhek Isand, in the Stamte of Illi nis, and held him thiere as a slav-e until the iiimnh oif April, 1 s:30. A t the time last mieni ied , said lh-. Emiersonl remnovetd the plaitl fi-m said m'ilitary- post at Rock Island, to te miii ary lptst aLi Fort y-nellinig, situated ont thle west hank of the Missi'i~~pi r-iver, in the teri tor-5 known as Upper Loutisianaf, acqutired lby the United States of Friance, and situiatedl ont e norith of lie lattitumde of ::t; dogs. 30 min<. n rth, and- northi of te State of Missourti. Saidl I). Emterson held te pllaintiill in slavery at Fort Snelling unt il thte year I1838.I "i tu lie y-eart I M, 1lharriet, (who is named i the .eceonid count of the pihiintif f's declaration) was the slave of Major Taliaferr-o, who belonged to the army of the United States, in thiatvyear (.1 835) said Major Taliaferro took said Harriet to said iotrt Snelling, a milhitary po.st situatedt as her-ein before statted, andI kept hiei thereens a1 slave until the y-ear I1836, anud t lien s'old and de liveidiher as ai slave att For-t Snellidg unto saitd Dr. E-merson, herecin befor-e named ; andI said Dr. Emerson held said llarriet in slavery at said Fort Snelling until the year 1838. " In the year 1836, the plaintiff and said Hiar-i ret, at saidi Fort Snelling, with the consent of said Dr. Emerson, who them) claimed to be their1 master and ownler, intermarrie~d and took each other- for hiusbanud and wife. Eliza and Lizzie, named in time third count of the phnantif's~ de claration, am-e the fruits of that nmrriage. Eliza1 is about four-teen years old, and was born on boat-d the steamtboat Gipsey, north of the north line of the State of Missouri, andl upon the Mis sissippi river ; Lizzie is about seven years old, and was born in time State of Missouri, at the nmihtry post called Jefferson Barrzacks. " In the y-ear 1838, said D~r. E.merson re moved thie plaintilf and said Ilaiiiet, and their said daughter Eliza, from said Fort Snielhing to the State of Missouri, where they have ever "Before the commencement of this suit, said Dr. Emerson sold and conveyed the plaintiff, said Harriet, Eliza and Lizzie, to the defendant as slaves, and the defendant claimed to hold each of them as slaves. "At the time mentioned in the plaintiff's de claration, the defendant claiming to be owner as aforesaid, laid his hands upon said plaintiff, Har riet, Eliza and Lizzie, and imprisoned them; doing in this respect, however, no more than what he might lawfully do if they were of right hit slaves at such times." The Chief Justice proceeded to examine the statement, assuming that this part of the con troversy presented two questions. Firstly. Was he (Scott) and all his family free in Missouri; and Secondly. if not, were they free by reason Df their removal to Rock Island, Illinois. The act of Congress as which the plaintiff re lies contains the clause, that slavery and invol untary servitude, except for crime, shall be for ever prohibited in that part of the Territory ac quired by treaty from Louisiana, and not inclu cled within the limits of the State of Louisiana. The difficulty which meets us at the threshold is, whether Congress is authorized to pass such t law under the powers granted to it by the Uonstitution? The plaintiff dwells much on the clause which gives Congress power " to make all needful rules and regulations respect ing the Territory or other property of the Uni ted States." But this provision has no bearing >n the present controversy. The power there ;ivenm is confined to the Territory which then belonged to the United States, and can have no ntluence on Territory which was acquired from oreign Governments. The .Justice then referred to the accessions of land by Virginia and other St.ate=, saying the only object was to put an end to existing controversies, and toenable Congress to dispose of the lands for the common benefit. L'udoubtedly the power of sovereignty and nminent domain was ceded in the act. This mas proper to make it essential. There was then ogoverniment in existence with enumerated owers. What was called the States were thir een indepemdent colonies, which entered into !oideration for mutual protection. It was a ittle more than a Congress of ambassadors, in hieh all had a continon concern. It was this !ongress which accepted the cession from Vir inia. They had no right to do .,o under the tic;e4 of the confederation, but they had a -ight. as independent powers, to a.cept the land or the common benefit ; and it is equally clear, mtving no superior to control them, they had a -iglt to excreise absolute dominion, subject on y to the re.trictions which Virginia imposed. Mhe orlinanc of 177 was adopted, by which :he territor" should lie governed, and among ,t her provi-ins was one that slaverv or invol mtarV .servitwioe .,Lould be prohibited, except or crine. This was the state of things when the Con ;tittion was formed. The territory ceded by irginia belonged to the several confederate states as common property. The States were ,bout to dissolve the confederation and surren ler a portion of their power for the formation 1 a'nei' goveismeit intT The languageussd inited ail specilied the objects to be accom ihi~ied. It was obviouns that some provision .as 114.w ne essary to give the new government Ie i'vcr to carry i:tto etfeet every ob ject for ,vhicl the territory w"a. ceded. It was neces arv t hat the hands h.,ould be sold to pay the va d.ht, acnd that power should be given to irotVet the citizens who might emigrate there, vith their right< of prop.erty, arms, military tores, (a< well as snitS of war,) were the commloon property' ft the .tates existing in he indetpeiident Ch.araeter, a:il they had a right o take thir property to the territory, without he authority of the :tates." The object was to lace these t hings niuler the tguardiatiShip of a I Jew governttmiet wicih gives Countess the 1 ,wer 4: to make ail needful rules and regula is re-pecting the territory or other ptopetrty ,f the Uinited States." It appliedh only to prop- t rty held inl comtinuiont at the tine, anid not with -ek'-rence to anyi propmertv which the sovereign i umighit subcjequet ly :;etirei . It appil ied to lw territourv theni in existerat e, andti knuown as h~e territorY of th~e Eniite-f~tates-hel in tI-e nindl of the trnuners of thle Con.,titution. It -eters to the sale er raising of itotney. 'I h'< is tl r,-t fromi thbe p' wer tii legi-late oiver the eii oe. WithI thle wordls to maike all nieid ml e- an' 1 regulation. ire-pjecting the territo -*." coupledi! t lie wiord~s "um/ oft'r J.r.2;t rly ol lie, Unitedi States." .\ndi the concltudintg wvords 'inder :hi- con.,tiructiont irrei.t iblde; andu nothI nein ihi.- ConstIitutionu shall be so constrtued as 'o prejitidice atny chiis of thie Uitel States. ,, I- uIntl t4r;iU-i.r il c It is ob:iu m. thbat thle Cuing ress, undler the wwi goverimiient. regairded thle above cause as ieeary to carry intti clee t the priniciples and i,,vsiis of t lie t iirinanice oif 1787, which they -garned as an act of the States it, the exercise f their po lit ia piowver at the time ; and these -epreentatives oft the satme States undtier the tw tiovermoetint, iuil not thinmk proper to de tart from any e..setital pintciple, anid did not inttempt to uiodo anything that was done. As to territo ry acquired without the limtits ,f thle Uniited States. it reitmais territory until Lhnit ted into thle Uniont. No powter~ is given in he Constitution to aicquire territory to he held md1 govterne ini that ebaracter ; anid, conse uently, there cannot be fotud m the Conistitu-1 ion anv delinitioni of power whiceh Conigress nay lawvfully exereise bielbire it becontes a State. L'he pwiier to acqluireC territory tinitil it is ini a -ondition to beeitne a State on an eqnal footing vithm the other States, must necessarily- rest on otiti diseretion, and it becomes thle duty of he ( iovermtnent to adiniiister thle laws of the nited States for the protectioni of personal ights antd property t herein. What ever~ territory is acquired is for the corn tin benietit of the people of the United States, hich is but a tr-ustec. At the titme territory vas o~t.dned from Franice, it contained no poptu ationi to be admiitted as a State, and it there bro became necessary to hold poussession of it intil settled and i'hthbitedi by a civilized com nunity, capable of self-guovernent antd for ad nissioi to the Union. Btt as we before said, t was acquired by time Federal Governnment as lie representative and tru.,tee of the people of he United States, aini must be held for their >mmhifon and eqtial benefit, for it was thme aicqum uition of thme peole of the United States, acting hirough their agents, and governiment holds it or te commonm benefit until it should becomie issociated as a miember of the Union. Until hat tinmc arrived it was undoubtedly necessary that some government be establishted to protect the inhabitants in thmeir persons and pr'operty. l'he power to acquire carries with it the powier to preserve. The forum of government necessa rily rests on the discretion of Congress. It is their duty to establish the best suitedi for the United States, anid that must depend oin thme umber of its inhatbtants, and the character md situation of time territory. What govern mcnt is the best must depend on the condition f the territory at the tinme, to be continued until it shall f:,ecome a State. But there can never be a umore discretioniary powver over per sns anti property-. These arc plainly defined by the Constitution. The Coinstitution pro vides thait "Congress shall make no law res ptng an establishment of religion, or prohibi ting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to pe tition the government for a redress ofgrievances," &c. Thus the rights of property are united with the personal rights, and this extends to the Territories as well as States. Congress cannot authorize the Territories to do what it cannot do itself; it cannot cosnfer on the Territories power to violate the provisions of the Constitu tion. It seems, however, that there is supposed to be a difference between slaves and other prop erty. The people, in the formation of the Con stitution, delegated to the general government certain enumerated powers and forbade the ex ercise of others. It has no powers over' persons and property of citizens except those enunera ted in the Constitution. If the Constitution recognizes the right of master and slave, and makes no difference between slave and other property, no tribunal action under the authori ty of the United States can draw such a dis tinction and deny the provisions and guarantees secured against the encroachment of the gov nrnment. As we have already said the right of property in a slave is expressly conferred in the onstitution, and guaranteed to every State. This is language too plain to be misunderstood ; md no words can be found in the Constitution iving Congress greater power over slaves than ver any other description of property. It is, therefore, the opinion of this Court that the act of Congress which prohibits citizens rom holding property of this character north )f a certain line, is not warranted by the Con ititution, and is, therefore, void; and neither Dred Scott, nor any one of his family, is, or were made free by their residence in Illinois. "he plaintiff is not a citizen of Missouri, but was still a slave, and, therefore, had no right to sue in a Court of the United States. The Court having examined the case as it ;tands under tl.e Constitution, proceeded to )ther points, saying, as Scott was a slave when ie was brought back to Missouri from Illinois, i was under the law of the former and not of he latter. It has been settled by the highest :ribunals that an individual does not acquire his 'reedom under such circumstances. As it ap )ears to the Court that the plaintiff is not a :itizen of Missouri, nor a citizen of the United states who could sue in the United States rourts, this Court could give no judgment, and fence the suit must be dismissed for want of urisdiction. Associate Justice 3Nelson stated the grounds mn which he had arrived at the conclusion that he argument of the Court below must be of cred. having stated the case, substantially, as tbove, lie proceeded to examine it on its merits. fhe question was, whether the removal of the )Iaintitt, with his master, to Illinois, with a siew to a temporary residence, and after his re urn to Missouri, was such a residence in a free state as worked emancipation. He maintained hat it did not. Such questions belonged to the states to decide for themselves. As to whether lissouri will recognize or give effect to the utws of Illinois on the.subject f S~l~yj Wt ies , o onstitutional power rightfully to control her. Every State or nation possesses exclusive sov reignty and jurisdiction within her own terri ;ory. and her laws affect and bind all property vithin her limits. No State or nation can af ect or bina persons or property outside of her erritory. The question is fuily established that t belongs to the sovereign State of Missouri to letermine the question of slavery within her )wn jurisdiction, subject only to such limitations is may be found im the Constitution. This is he result of the independent and sovereign :haracter of the State. It is equally applicable :n the 'ther States belonging to the Contedracy. .t must be admitted that Congress possesses no Jwer to create or abolish slavery in a State, 1pl if Congress possesses power under the Con ;titutiol to abolisi slavery in the Territories, t must neessarily posses the power to estab i'h it. This he denied, and then proceeded to :how that the question involved in the case iow before the Coutrt., was one depending sole y on the law of Missouri, coiicludinig with the emaiurk that the judgment of the Court below hould be. allir med. Assocciate Justice Catron also stated the his ory of the case, and' said that if the Court has io power to decide the question further thani o tii.,miss it, it had iio rigt to discuss its mner ts; b::t lie held that the Court has jurisdiction .o decide the merits of the case, which he pro :eded to examine. It was now too. late to jietion' the powner to governi the Territories as neipi..nt States, and fit themi for admission. tile only question was, how fair the power of ~'onogress is limited as to the North-west Terri :ory. Virginia had the right to abolish slavery .here and did so, by anu agreement, in 1787, ,ti the other States ; but this did not prevent iew States being admitted with or without lavery Suosequently North Carolina and eorgmia ceded their hind for the common bene it. and Congress had no more ine to legis ate slaLvery out of those Cewions5 than it had to egislate slavery in the territory north of the )liio. There was no power to legislate on sla ,ery in either case. The inihabitaints stood pro .eted after as they did before the cessions were niade. In Louisiana slavery was not only law blh, but was mio.t valuable. At the date of the reaty the inhabitants were left free to enjoy .heir prop)erty, freedom and liberty, and were nle protected therein until they caine into the .~ionui as a State. The Missouri line of 36.30 vaus an1 act of aggression. Congress cannot do adsirecly what it cainnot performi directly. If SSothern man cannot go to the Territories vith his shaves it follows that a Northierni far ner or mechanic cannot bring with hun lis im ,lements of toil. If Congress could prohlibit niy sp~ecies of lawfutl property throughout Lou sinna w!;en it was acquired, so it could exclude il discriptions of prop-.rty. The right to leg slate in the Territories depends on the contract f cession. Ihis opinion wvas that the third ar ele of' the treauty by which Louisianma was ac 1uiroil staunds protected by the Constitution, ud cannlot be repealed by Congress, and that ho act of 1820, kniown as the Missouri Comn n-oimise, violates the leading features of the lonstitution, on which the Union depends, andI rhich secures to all citizens common rights. Ie therefore held that the act wvas void, and :oncurred with his brother judges that the plain ill, Dred Scott, is a slave, and wvas one when .his suit was brought. W~ASIiNGToN, March 7I.-Judge McLean de ivered his views in the Dred Scott case to-day, irguing that slavery is limited to the range of hie state where it is established by municipal aw. If Congress deemr slaves or free colored iersons injurious to a territory, they have the oweir to prohibit *lhem from becoming settlers ~hereon. The power to acquire territory car -les the powver to govern it. The master does iot carry with him to the territory the law of hie state from which he removes; hence the Ioissouri Compromise was constitutional, and ~he presumption is in favor of freedom. Dred scott and his family were free under the deci ions of the last twenty-eight years. .Judge Curtis dissented from the opinion of the majority of the Court as delivered by Chief Justice Taney, and gave his reasons for the dis sene lia maintained that native born colored persons can be citizens of Stapes and of the United States; that Dred Scott and his family were free when they retured to Missouri; that the power of Congress to make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory waa iot, as the majority of the Court exp limited to Territory belonging to the Unit States at the time of the adoption of the Con stitution, but has been applied to five subsequent acquisitions of land ; that Congress has power to exclude slavery from the Territories, having established eight Territorial Governments with out, and recognised slavery in six, from the days of Washington to John Quincy Adams. The opinion occupied five hours -in delivery. Judges Wayne, Grier, Campbell, and Daniel had papers expressing their views on certain points of opinion of the Court, but did not read them. Adjourned till the time fixed by law. THE KING OF HANOVER AND THE MASONS. A letter from Franklin says that the King of Hanover, on being lately received as a member of a Masonic Lodge, accepted the title of Pro tector and Grand Master of all the Lodges of his kingdom. But on the occasion a modifica tion was made in the statutes of the order, to the effect that as the order is exclusively Chris tian, no person professing the Jewish religion can henceforth be admitted into a Hanoverian lodge. This decision has excited great opposition in most of the lodges in Germany, andit is said that the Great Orient will shortly make an en ergetic protest against it. READABLE PARAGRAPS. , No EAR FOR MuSIc.-" Do you hear that music-that heavenly music ?" said an en. tliusiactic fox hunter to a rather green compan ion, who rode beside him, as the pack opened in full cry. "No, I hear nothing," said verdant, inclining his ear, "I cannot hear anything, for the cus sed noise made by those dogs." It may be readily supposed that after this Old Sport and Young Sport soon parted company. -Porter's Spirit. & HEAVY TAxATIox.-The taxes paid on each one thousand dollars by a property holder in Nashville is as follows: For Corporation pur loses, eight dollars; for City Schools, two dol lars ; for'l ailroads, five dollars and twenty cents; for County purposes, one dollar and thirty cents; for new Court House, one dollar and fifty cents; for State purposes, one dollar; for State Public Schools, twenty-five cents; for Lunatic Asylum, fifteen cents-in all, nineteen dollars and forty cents! Don't this rather beat Memphis-whose people so often complain of their taxes ?-Mem phis Eagle, March 14. .lbi" MOTHER, mayn't I have the big Bible in your room ?" ' Yes my son, I am glad to see you desirous of perusing that Book. What do you most want to see in it ?" " , 0-A WEALTHY DARKEy.-There is a negro in Memphis who is said to possess an estate worth $50,000. This negro belongs to his wife, a free colored woman, in whose name the pro pertv is held.-Exchange. There are a good many wealthy whites in chese part, whose property is held in the same way.-Daily Democrat. i THE CABINE'.-It is a noticeable fact that five of the seven members of Mr. Buchan an's Cabinet have been honored with the position of Governor, viz: General Cuss, Ex-Goveruor of North-western Territory; Mr. Floyd, Ex-Governor of Virginia; -\r. Brown, Ex-Governor of Tennessee; Mr. Toucey, Ex-Governor of Connecticut; and Mr. Cobb, Ex-Governor of Georgia. lig PcNISIIENT OF Sr..tvs.-The Mississip pi Legislature has just passed a bill prohibiting any owner of slaves from punishing them wits imore than " nine and thirty lashes" at any one time or for any offence, under penalty of fine and imprisonment. All other unnecessary cruelty to slaves is also made indietable and punishable by fine and imprisonment. gi Hocus Poc-s.-How th get a fine white house out of an empty whiskey barrel. Put the barrel in a secure place, 'near a spring of good water, on the road to the grog-shop: When you want a drain take the price of it in your hand and start to the grog-shop-go as far as the spring, drop the money through the bunghole, take a good drink of water and return home. Repeat this operation till the barrel is full, knock. out the head, and you have the price of a splen did brick building. Fact. rdy MADAMuE OCEA N., the largest-limbed wo man in the world, is in the museum at New Orleans. She weighs 515 pounds, is 9 feet two inehes in cireumnferenice, measures 29 inches around her arim and 38 around the calf of her leg. and wears No. 13 shoes. She hails from K~entucky. gi Coi.oiwn PERsoSs IN PE'NNaYnnNI. The citizens of Philadelphia and Bucks counties, to the number of one hundred and twenty, re eently sent to the Legislature a petition praying fo'r a law to prevent colored persons from other Statesi acquiring a residence in Pennsylvania. gir A FAIRa INFERENeE-L-An old lady, observ ing a sign over a tailoring establishment, bear. ing the inscription " Fountain of Fashion," ex elaimed, "Ah! that miust be the place where the spo~ir/s conic from." on MAtNKIND have a great aversion to intel leetnai labor; but even supposing knowledge to be easily attainable, more people would be con tent to be ignorant than would take even a little trouble to acquire it.-Johnson. Sil " Coxscr E~cE IF said Mrs. Hopkins in dignantly, "do you suppose that nobody has got any conscience but yourself? My consci ence is as good as yours-ay, and better, too; for it has never been used in the course of nmy life, while yours must be nearly worn out I" ljr" Ltnms and gentlemen," said an auc tioneer, " these articles are no sham--they are genuine tapestry cappets, made by Mr. Tapestry hinmself.' gig TuE Turks have a very simple method of making pantaloons. They fasten two coffee bags to a vest, and the thing is done. The bags answer for legs, and the vest for the waistbanda. si RucH SCENis.-The closing scenes of the Nebraska Legislature were exciting. The Gov ernor vetoed six bank charters because it was alleged that they were corruptly passed. 'A crowd of the indignant people pursued the mem-. hers charged with corruption, into the office of the Territoral Secretary, to infiet personal chas tisement. A member pulled gut his revolver, and the Secretary drove the whole crowd'into the street, when the meinbers made their escape. OREGON TO BE A SI.AVE STAT.-The New York Tribune of the 4th instant says: "Wehave a number of letters from Oregon, by thme last mail, containing the startling information that this Territory, hitherto set down as curtain for Freedom, will, in all probability, present herself to the next Congress for admission' -intq'the. Union with a Constitution legalisingSlavery.e