Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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flemocrti 3purrd, eus to l Siu t $ t1 atU outl$ )Utern fligljts, Vdi w, Caitst lewuv %iterature, "We will cling to the Pillars of the Temple of our Lilerties, and if it must fall, we will Perish amidst the Ruins." . J. DURISOE & SON, Proprietors. EDGEFIELD, . C., JULY 4, 1855. - * NOS EPISCOPOS, Editor. "HONOR TO WHO HONOR IS DUE." THE famous " STEPRHEx' letter," as well as other documents ofa similar character, havi been allowed the widest circulation whic this paper could give them, whilst nothinf in the way of a reply has been publishec that we are aware of. On the principle o fair play -then,, we submit for the cousidera tion of :our readers, the following letter fron the Augusta Chronicle 4' Sentinel. In doinl this our object is not to excite controversy, of to' detract from the just rights of others, but simply to let the people see where " the honoi lies," and thus, enable them to bestow il 'shere it.is due. RELIGIOUS .LIBERTY-LORD BALTIMORE. To THE Hov. A. H. STPHEnss-De Sir:-In a speech recently made by you ir the' city of Augusta, I perceive that you refer to Lord Baltimore, the Catholic foun der of Maryland, as having been the first to establish a government on the principle of religions freedom, on this continent. 1 beg leave, respectfully, to join issue witi you on, this statement, and that for two rea, sons: First; because it gires credit to oni who does not deserve it. Second, becaus it takes away that credit from one who doe, deserve it. Loel Baltimore was not onlj not the first to found-a free government, buh he never founded such. a one at all, nor di( any of his successors who inheritedlhis titles The pioneer in the cause of religious liber ty, was not a Catholic, but a Baptist; no Lord Baltimore, but Roger Williams, the founder of Rhode Island. "Whatever might have been the inten tions of Lord Baltimore - or the favorablh disposition of the King, there was no guar antee in the charter, nor indeed the least kin of any toleration in. religion not authorizer by the law of England."-Hildreth's U. S. vol. 1., p. 208. Nor was the earliest legis lation of Maryland at all more creditable ,The " vaunted clause" for liberty, extendei only to professed christians, and was intro duced by the proviso, " that whatsoever per son shall blaspheme God, or shall deny of reproach the Holy Trinity, or any of the three persons thereof, shall be punished-witi death."-Bancroft's U. S., vol. 1., p. 256. 'Frogm see tve-i~s-sews, - Twr a numerous and respectable portion of our population, and Unitarians, who constitute perhaps the controlling element in New England Society, to say nothing of our Chinese citizens, of whom there are now some thousands, were all liable, under this boasted free government, to the penalty 01 the axe, or of the halter. Says the histori. an first quoted, "The first four sections of this celebrated act (the so-called Toleration Act) exhibit but little of a tolerant spirit. Death, with forfeiture of land and goods, is denounced against all who shall * * * * * * * deny our Saviour Jesus Christ to be the Son of God; or shall deny the Trinity. Fine, whipping and banishment, for the third offence are denounced against all who shall utter any reproachful words or speeches concerning-the blersed Virgin Mary, or the H oly Apostles or Esangetists"-Hildreth vol. 1.,p. 847. This is contasined in ani act "derived in substance if not in very jwords from Lord Baltimore's drafts," ditto supra. This act "did,.indeed, but carry out a policy co-eval with the settlement of the colony' Hlildreth vol. 1., p. 347, and was confirmed by the oath administered to the first governor, which provided for the religious protectiori of none but those who believed in Jesus Christ. Bancroft vol. 1., p. 248. This wai in 1649. A few years later, their legisla tion was even more intolerant; in 166E those who refused to have their. childrer baptized, were subjected to a fine of 200( pounds of Tobacco. Hildreth vol. 1., p 519. And even as late as. 1714 person! expressing certain religious opinions, weri liable to have, their tongues. bored througl and be fined ?20.-Hildrethi vol. 1I., p. 824 True, the examples last quoted' are mattern with which the first Lord Baltimore hat nothing to do, for he died very early in the history of the country; but they serve t< illustrate the spirit of Maryland institution! and are not incomnpatible with the origina charter.' It is worthy of remark furthermore, tha whatever of right or wrong there may be ir the charter or legislation of Maryland, Cath olics as such, are to be neither applaudet nor censured for the same; for a vast majori ty of the population were Protestants, (Ban troft 1t.454, and Hild. 1. 565,) and theil charter was granted from a Protestant crown -The Catholics had the best of all possibli reasons. for being in favor of toleration,. foi whether in Maryland or in England,. thej~ were alike liable to persecution from ,th4 .dominant party.. Irideed, they were onci or twvice disfranchised on the veury soil whith ,er they had fled to escape disfranchisement 'T'here is no reason to suppose that .th< full conception of "soul-liberty" had evel occurred to the mind of either the first Lort Baltimore or of any of his five successors " It was not toleration, but supremacy, fo wvhich Catholies and Puritans alike sought while the'Clhurch of -England- for the main Lemance of her own supremacy, struggle< equally against both." Hild. 1. 204. " Poli cy, it. is evident, had a much greater shari in the enactmient of. this act, (the Toleratior Act) than enlighteneti vibu of the rights of opinion,. of which indeed ~it- evinces but a very limited and confused. idea. . Now, thal the Puritans w~re triumphantin.New ng land, an exclusive Catholic dolony would not have been tolerated for a hnpoment Thei -soels chance of ueenring to tha-Catholica~thn quiet enjoyment of their- fath, -eonsisted ii bestowing a flke liberty oni the -Protestant -a policy indeed upon which Loi-d Balti more had found it necessary~ to act fron the very first planting of the colony." Hild. I, 84S. The italjoa 'are iot those c the historian. Such, my dear sir, is the testimony of history, with regard to the much boasted freedom of the government. instituted by the Catholic founder of Maryland. I know that historians, and even those from whom I have quoted, catching the popular breath, sometimes speak of him as, the "first to -establish religious liberty;" but these very historians modify these expressions and indeed cancel them by narrating the facts above set forth-facts which invalidate his claims and those -of- all his successors. Whatever laudations may be indulged in by those disposed to favor Lord Baltimore their own evidence when sifted, will show that there is but little harmony between their ap plause, and the facts to which they testify. The following account of Roger Wil liams on the other hand, will show that he understood the theory of religious liberty, in all its plenitude and glory, as well as at that early period as the most enlightened of the present day. He protested that " magis trates are but the agents of the people, or its trustees, on whom no spiritual power in matters of worship can ever be conferred;" "that their power extends only to the bodies and goods and outward estate of men. -- Banc. 1, 371. " In the capacious recesses of his mind he had revolved the nature of intolerance, and he, and he alone, had arrived at the great principle, which is its sole effec tual remedy. He announced his discovery under the simple proposition of the sanctity of conscience. The civil magistrate should restrain crime, but never control opinion; should punish guilt, but nev.er violate the freedom of the souL The doctrine con tained within itself an entire reformation of theological jurisprdence: it ' would blot from the statute book the felony of noncon formity; would quench the fires that perse cution had so long kept burning; would re peal every law . compelling attendance on public worship; would abolish tithes and all forced.contributions to the maintenance of religion ; would give an equal protection to every form of religious faith; and never suffer the authority of the civil government to be enlisted against the mosque of the Mussulman, or the alter of the fire-worshiper against the Jewish Synagogue, or the Ro man Cathedral. In the unwavering asser tion of these views, Roger Willams never changed his position; the sanctity of con science was the great. inet which with all its consequences he defended as he first trod the shores of New England, and in his ex treme old age it was the last pulsation of his heart." Bancroft 1., 367-8. I -" He war the first person Iommodern chris tendom, to assert in its plenitude the dog. trine of freedom of conscience, the equality of opinions before the law; and in its de fence he was the harbinger of Milton, the precursor and superior of Jeremy Taylor." Brancroft I, 376. The voice of Williams in favor of liberty was heard in New Eng. land in 1631; which was before Lord Balti more's patent was~ granted; when Milton was 23 years of age and Taylor but 18. Williams' great idea of what he called " soul liberty" was at that time, says Hildreth, " wholly novel.'' vol. I. p. 223. Novel indeed it may have been, outside of the little. Bap tist world; but there were many of that .faith and order besides N illiams, who were imbued with the spirit of liberty. Indeed it was not Williams who produced the Bap tists; the Baptists produced him. . They were not the exponents of his views, but he of theirs. Said the people of Rhode Island, in their instructions to him, wvhen he wvent to England to apply to Charles Ii for a charter, " plead our case in such sort as we may not be compelled to .exercise any civil power over men's consciences; we do judge it no less than a point of absolute cruelty." These instructions are printed in Mass. Hist., Coil. XVII. 85. ." The document," says Bancroft, "is of the highest interest; no learning nor skill in rhetoric could have mended it."II. 61. "Freedom of conscience unlimited freedom of mind, was from the first the trophy of the Baptists." ditto 11. 66. " They applied the doctrine of the Reforma tion, to the social relations of life and threatened an end to King-craft, spiritual dominion, tithes and vasalage. The party w ~as trodden under foot with reproaches and most arrogant scorn ;- and its history is writ ten in the blood of myriads of the German peasantry; but its principles, safe in their immortality, escaped with Roger Williams to Providence; and his colony is the wit. ness that natur-ally the paths of the Baptists were paths of freedom, pleasantness and peace." Banc. II. 459. In the government of Rhode Island, "Freedom of faith and worship was assured to all,-the first formal and legal establishment of religious liberty ever promulgated whether in America or Europe." Hildreth I. 323. The following is a quotation from'-the charter itself: "No person within said colony shall be molested, punished, disquieted, or- called in question for any differences of -opinion in matters of religion who does not actally disturb. the civil peace;: but that all and every person and persons may at. all times freely and fully have and enjoy his and their own judgments and consciences, in matters of religious con ernments, they behaving theinselves peacea bly and quietly, and not using this liberty to liceniiousness and profaneness, nor to the civil -injury and .outward disturbance of others." "-The charter did not limit free dom to Christian sects alone; it. granted equal rights to the paynim and the worship per of Fo." Ban. II. 63. -In discussing' this question, many seem to take it for granted, that the governments, both of Mpryland and Rhode Island, were really free, and that the point to be decided, relates only to priority of time. This is-not the true issue. It is not a question of time, (as between these two claimants) but a question of fact. I have 'shown that the goverment of Lord Baltimore was not free; and that-of Williains was. E llow me, Mr., Stephens, to say in con lusion, that if in'the casual allusion referred to; you have-errel, I believe . you have not . one-so intentIonally. I know enough of your character, .to feel sure, that you would fin no'ease wilfilly misreprssent, and that if you have inadvertently done s., -no one wi1l be more ready to rectify the matter than yourself. Your speech will probably be read by tens of thousands, and the wrong impression made by your remark must be very general. People confiding in your ha bitual accuracy, will be the more disposed to rely pn your statement, and will thus be the more easily misled. Nor is it a trifling matter. There.are in the State of Georgia some seventy or eighty thouband Baptists, actual communicants, to say nothing of their friends and adherents, all of whom are, more or less interested in the point at issue. I know that you do not wish to do the de nomination injustice, by denying its lawful claims to honorable distinction, and to the gratitude of the world. I confidently believe therefore, that you will -second the effort that I have made, so to place this matter before. the public, as that all mray be able to "give honor to whom honor is due." I will only say further, that I express neither approval or disapproval of any senti ment or statement in your speech, other than the one above discussed. Being a Minister of the Gospel, I deem it incompati ble with my profession to take any active part in politics, and hereby utterly' disclaim any public connexion with the same, in any .way whatever. The point in question being purely historical, and one of great interest to the donomination of Christians to which I belong, comes quite legitimately within my sphere. With great respect, I am- sir, your ob't. serv't. H. H. TucKER. LaGrange, Ga., June 14th, 1855. THERE ARE N0 TEARS IN HEAVEN. I met a child-his feet were bare His weak frame shivered with the cold; His youthful brow was knit by care, His flashing eye his sorrow told. Said I, " Poor boy, why weepest thou ?" " My parents both are dead," he said ; "1 have not where to lay my head; 0,1I am lone and friendless now!" Not friendless, child ; a Friend on high For you his precious blood has given ; Cheer up, and bid each tear be dry "There are no tears in heaven." I saw a man in life's gay noon, Stand weeping o'er his young bride's bier; " And must we part," he cried, " so soon !" As down his cheek there rolled a tear. " Heart-stricken one," said I, " weep not ;" " Weep not!" in accents wild he cried, " But yesterday my loved one died, And shall she be s6 soon forgot ?" -- Forgotten 1-No L still let her love. -- "ti - Sustain thy heart, with.anguish riven; Strive thou to meet thy bride above, And dry your tears in heaven. I saw a gentle mother weep, As to her throbbing heart she prest An infant, seemingly asleep, On its kind mother's shelt'ring breast. " Fair one,"-said I, " pray weep no more ;" Sobbed she, " The idol of my hope I now am called to render up; My babe has reached death's gloomy shore." Young mother yield no more to grief, Nor be by passion's tempest driven, But find in those sweet words relief, "There are no tears in heaven." Poor trav'ler o'er life's troubled wave Cast down by gi.eef, o'erwhelmed by care There is an arm above can save, Then yield not thou to fell despair.. Look upward, mourners, look above ! What though the thunders echo loud; The sun shines bright beyond the cloud Then trust in thy Redeemer's love. Where'cr thy lot in life be cast, . What'er of toil or v oc be aiven Be firm--remember to the last, " There are no tears in heaven."? O0:' READ and rejoice, all ye who live in hopeful expectation of the' " coming of the kingdom," over the account given below by Mr. MasoN, of the progress *of the gospel amongst a people who, thirty. years ago bad never heard the name of Christ. Verily " the wilderness and the solitary place has been made glad, and the- desert to rejoice and blossom -as the rose." TwENTY-FIVE YEARS MISSIONARY WORKa. -Rev. Mr. Mason, who is now in this coun try an invalid, thus alludes to lbs wonderful results of missionary labor'among the Ka rens : " Twenty-five years ago, 1 was sent out to Burmah at the birth of a new mis sion, to foster- it in its infancy. I have re turned when it has reached the confines of maturity. When I left America it was not known .that thani one Karen, Ko-Thab-yu, had been baptized. It is now known tliat more than ten thousand have received the ordinance. Theni the people had no written language-now they have the irhole - Bible in their own tongue, a large hymnbook, nu merous tracts,. catechisms, and scientific treatises ; a periodical edited by one of their own number, together with pastors and teachers among themselves. It was advan ing when I went out-it has continued to advance each - successive year that I have been abroad, without once pausing, and it is now advancing wvith accelerated rapidity be yond anything that has been heretofore wit nessed.. It will continue to advance." A WRITER has compared worldly friend ships to our shadows. A better comparison never wvas made, for if we walk in the sun shine it sticks to us, but the moment we en ter the shade it deserts us.. " THERE Is no -country in the world," says a contempor'ary, " where the people are so addicted to the medicine eating propensi ty as the United States. It has .growa to be a perfect mania-a disease of itself. - Tihe fact is, Nature never ' designed the hu man body to be such a receptacle* of medi cine. If men would but study the laws of nature, diet properly instead of excessively, be regular in their habits, instead of regular Iin their doses,, use common sense and cold water freely, and the doctor as little as pos sible, they would live longer, suifer less, and na little for the privilege." A PROTESTAJT.;OW. AN Irishman who "is i.'. proprietor of a boarding shanty on thie)innatti R. Road, recently purchased a o0*, which, being rather wild, he had to halter and lead home. When he arrived at the dor of the shanty, his better half opened theonversation thus: "Well, Pat, where :id -you get that brute ?" " Sure I got her of-Mr. H." " What!" said she, "did you buy a cow from a Protestant I But as you have done so, it won't be any harm to put a little holy water upon her., F. id Faith, that's well thought of,- said Pat. So without relinquishing his hold of the brute, he held out his hand to receive the holy water, and- rubbed -it' on the animals back, making also the sigif the cross, at the time of performing the: peration. It so happened that the4n woman handed him, by mistake, a bottle &vitrol, and Pat, being unaware of the act; felt astonished that the cow should windaelo under the ope ration, but on rubbing onthe supposed holy water a second time, the.: infuriated animal kicked up her heels and -broke loose from Pat, to the astonishment of Molly, who ex claimed: . " Howly Mither of Moses. ! Isn't the Pro testant strong in her yet? The truth of the story .is vouched for by a boarder in the shanty.-Ohio exchange. A DoMEsTIC DRAMa.-" Henry aost'thou love me dearestI" - " " Why askest thou, Helenora I" "Not that I fear thy answer, dearest Henry, but because Ilove to hear thee speak -say dearest Henry, -dosi. thou love me I" "' Ask the stars if they live to twinkle, or the flowers if they love toasmell, or the rose to bloom. Love you! Aye, as the birds to warble, or the'breeze to waet its balmy in fluence-why askest thou' me, flannel of my heart?" " Because my soul is grieved; care has o'ercast the joy which once spread sunshine o'er thy face; anguish sitsiupon thy brow, and yet your Helenora knoweth not the cause. Tell me, my aching heart, -why droops my soul-hasmutton riz 1" "No, my Helenora-think the gods, No! but my credit's fell. Watson from this day forth, sells meat for cash.' Helenora faints, sazeei& and falls into her husband's arms, who,.. in t iaguish 'of the moment, seizes a knife and stabs himself -over the left. PRovING CHARACTER.-" Do you know the prisoner, Mr. Jones ?" "Yes, to the bone." "What is his character 1" " Don't know that he has any." "Does he live near you ?" "So near that he has spent only five shil lings for fire wood in eight years." "From what you know of him would you believe him under oath1" " That depends upon circumstances. If be was so much intoxicated that he did not know what he was doing, I would. If not [ wouldn't." THE celebrated Dr. Hunter, when he :ould not find the seat of a patient's disease, used to say, "* We'll try this remedy-let us shoot into the tree, and if anything fall well ad good." Guess many a patient found his waiy to kingdom-come by those random shots of the good old doctor. Some people assert that the learned faculty 'practice this jueer way of shooting very extensively. Don't believe it. A4 GRAHAMITE suggests the following for the millon in these hard times. He says it san, at the option of the consumer, be taken as a bread or a pudding: " Cut-up four laths in a peck of saw-dust. When well ixed, bake it by placing a nap kin containing it, in the sun for half an hour. Serve-up with sauce made by soaking a cedar shingle in a pail of water." WI~ow GnIzzI.E's husband lately died of Cholera. In the midst of his most acute bodily pain after the hand of death had touched him, and while writhing in agony, his gentle wire said to him: " Well, Mr. Grizzle, you needn't kick around so and wear the sheet out, if you are lying." She must have been an affectionate wife. A TRUE PHILosoFHIE.-A well 'known tavern-keeper in New Orleans, was speaking about his brother Ben, who is also his part er. "Now," said ho, "Ben can't stand anything at all-he has been used to the way they do .things up North, and if a fellow als for a drink, and says to him, ' charge that,' Ben gets mad and feels like wading right into him. Well, that's not the way with me-I merely sigh very faintly, and then pour another pint of. water into the brandy cask." " IT's very sickly here," said one son of the Emerald Isle, the other day, to-another. ' Yes," replied his companion, "a great mny have died this year that never died before" rTE Dutchman who refused to take -a one dollar bill because it might be altered from a ten, prefers stage travelling to rail roads. The former, he says, rides him eight hours for'-a dollar, while the latter only rides him one. " Dee- beeples can't sheat me ! -ANOTHER COEPLIMENT TO AMERICAN MCAIzCs.-yames H. Burton, late mas ter armorer in the National Armony at Har per's Ferry, Virginia, but for soine months past a resident of this city, has received from the British government the appointment of engineer of the British national armony at Egeld, near London. Although that ar mony is under the command of Capt. Dixon, of the Royal Artillery,- Mr. Burton will have the entire direction of the manufa~turing operations of tho .establishment.-Spr infield Rep., Monday. KY OLD GUITAR. BY WYVEIN. 1. Another may tell of the music That lurks in. the summer breeze,. Of murmuring lay in a flowing rill, Of the warbling of the trees; But there is a sweeter music, A sound that's dearer far, In the hallowed melodies that break From thee, my Old Guitar ! II. They call to mind a mother's smile,' A sister's childish tear, A father's manly greeting, And the laugh of brothers dear; Of hope that then was beaming, Like a beauteous evening star, When merrily I sang by thee, . My cherished Old Guitar ! 1t1. Of a fair and modest maiden, 'With a bonny eye of blue, A smile would steal a sul away,. A trusting heart and true: To whom, in music's whispers, My joy to make or mar, A tale of love was told by thee, My faithful Old Guitar ! Of bold and jovial spirits, Who ciroled round the board, And quaffed a health-to friends they loved, And maids that they adored: Whose songs were lays of olden times, Of love, of wine, of war, All mellowed by thy silver tones, - My merry Old Guitar ! Thou hast brightened many a passing hour In manhood's early day, And many a cherished memory Is mingled with thy lay ; . And faces which acioss life's path Have flashed like a shooting star, Come peeping back through the misty past, At thy sound, my Old.Guitar ! VI. So once again, sweet warbler, Thy music let me hear, And on thy melodies I'll float Back-back through many a year : To a day and hour long vanished, To a time that seemeth far, To the home so often brightened With thy song, my Old Guitar ! Gti. PELLISSIE. This officer, who has been recently inves. ted with the command of the army of France before Sevastopol, earned his claim to that distinction about ten years since, in Africa, by an exploit which will forever cover his name with infamy. He suffocated some 300 men women and children of one of the Arab tribes, in a cave, because he was unable to make them surrender to his arms. The fol. lowing rather apologetic account of this af fair is copied from the Pantheon Populaire, of Paris: " The cave had only twvo entrances, one above the other, to whbich an inclosed foot. path led. A company of grenadiers re eived orders to follow this difficult route, and to arrive as soon as possible at the re treat of the Kabyles; but the latter bad the advantage of firing with. certainty of killing the mon engaged in this species of ravine. t was found necessary to abandon the at ack in front. "An investment of the place was then hought' of. Famine would probably haye ompelled the Outed Rhias to submit ; -but Col. Pellissier was in a hurry to join his cot eague. On the other hand, there were not roops suficeient to take up a permanent en ampment on these mountains, where an in srrection might annihilate the column; in hort a siege was not in conformity (vithi the olonel's instructions. He had directions, t any price, to destroy the prestige attach d to the retreats of the Kantara. " An infernal idea, borrowed, unfortunate y, either from our civil wars or from .the ars of the Spaniards in America, had been ndicated as an extreme - measure by the overnor General. It was to terrify the Kabyles by threatening to suf'ocate them ini heir caves by fire. It was thought that in resence of such a menace, all resistance would cease. After succeeding-athough nt without a good deal of difficulty-in lacing himself in 'communication with the efenders of the cavern, Col. Pellissier threw ut thethreat suggested by Marshal Bugeaud. he Arabs laughed at it, and one of the French flags of truce was even killed by hem. " A commenceinent of the project was ade, in the idea that their indif'erence only rose from the certainty which they enter ained that the threat would not be put in xecution. -Heaps of dry . wood and straw were thrown from the tops of the Kantara n front of the caves. The Kabyles remov d them, accordingly as they were flung own, but the-fire of the French having dri en them back into the caves, these combus, ibles after a while made a vast heap, to which it now only remained to apply fire. No signs of surrender on the part of the Arabs aving been made, fire at length was thrown into the pile. As If it did not wish to asso iate itself with the horrors'of this human butchery, it long refused to communicate itself to the combustible masses piled by the French at the entrance of the caves. " A few Arabs escaped, and went to a shot distance to obtain water. It was ex peted that others would foillow them, and that the whole body would then subalit. This was. a vain hope. Just as the sun be gan to quit its zenith a breeze arose, which blew directly in the directldn of-the entrance to the Dhar. The* smoke began to whirl and were drawn by the current into the ca verns. Many thought that the Arabs had fled by some secret issue, or at least that they had found a retreat where the fire could not reach them. This state of uncertainty lasted all night. "At .daybreak a company, composed partly of artillery and partly of engineers, received orders to penetrate the caves.. A melancholy silence, broken by distant moans, prevailed there. At the entrance, the ani mals, whose heads had been covered over to prevent them from seeing or making a noise, lay half reduced to cinders. Then were be held fearful groups which death had seized upon. Here a mother had been suffocated just as she was defending her children against the fury of a bull, whose horns she still held, and whom the fire had stifled at the same time. ' " To add to the horror of the scene, the naked corpses poured forth their blood by the mouth, and by their attitudes attested the dreadful character of the death struggle. Here two spouses, or two lovers, were lock. ed in each other's arms. New born chil. dren lay amongst the chests and the . provi sions, and in other places were concealed in the garments of the mothers. In fine, scat tered in every direction, were to be seen mu tilated masses of human flesh, trampled un-. der foot during the struggle of the night." GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES. The rapid growth of these United States since they became really a nation; in other words, since the adoption of the federal con stitution, is not always realized, even by our own citizens. We say, since they become a nation, for, prior to 1789, they were but a congeries of States, often on th'e point of civil war, never acting heartily together, and suffering consequently in commerce, manu factures, agriculture, and prosperity in gen eral. A few statistics will give some notion of this growth. The population in 1790 was 3,929,772; in 1850 it had swelled to 23, 191,876; and it is now twenty-nine millions, if it has increased in its' usual ratio. In 1790 the population of New.York was 33, 131; in 1850 it was 545,547; in 1790 that of Philadelphia was 42,520; in 1850 it was 408,762; in 1790 Cincinnati did not exist; in 1850 it had 115,436 inhabitants. When the federal constitution was abopted, the whole population of the 'United States ex ceeded but little that of Pennsylvania at the present time: while the inhabitants of all the principal cities were not over one third the number of those of Philadelphia now. In 1790 the public debt of the nation was -about seventy-five millions, and it was con sidered so great, that, on the adoption of the constitution, many persons had seriously. proposed repudiating it. At present, the debt is less than forty-five millions, which is looked upon as a mere bagatelle. The annual revenue at first averaged only two millions; it now averages about fifty mil lions; and of those two millions, a tenth was raised by direct taxation, while not a cent is thus raised now. In 1791 our ton nage was 502,146; in.1853 .it was 4,407, 010. At the former epoch, we exported about twenty-five millions; we now export about -two hundred and twenty-five millions: then we imported about thirty-five mil lions, or forty per cent,. more than our exports now, on an average of five years, the exports and imports balance each other. In every way, therefore, we are prospering. Never before, in a period of but two generations, did any nation increase so fast in material wealth. Moreover, the progress of the people in education, general intelligence, -and social ivilization, has fully kept peace in the mate. rial advance. In 1790, the whole extent of post routes in the United States was only 1,875 miles; in 1853 it was already 21'7, 743. At the adoption of the Constitution, there was comparatively no school fund anywhere; at present the school fund of twenty States amounts to 626,505,820. In 1790, there wvere no steamboats, railroads, or magnetic telegraph, no coal mines work ed, few newspapers, no lyceums, and not a tithe of the existing number of colleges and other higherolass - academies. All writers agree in stating that wealth was more un equally distributed, edutzation more exclu sive, the prejudice of caste more prevalent. In 1791, there were thousalnds who doubted the capacity of even the American people to. govern themselves; but wvho questions it. in 1855? Verily, this nation has thriven, and without- a parallel.-Philadelphia Led ger. BONELRI, an Italian engineer, it is stated, has succeeded in inventing a "locomotive' telegraph," An engine in motion at the rate of a mile in two minutes, and during a pour ing rain, communicated, intelligibly and readily,. by means of the apparatus of whicb Mr. Bonelli is the- inventor, -'with. -another engine in 'motion, and with three stations on the Turin roatl. Thus,, a train may not ori ly announce its coming or its position along the whole line, -but messages may be sent by the passengers themselves. As AuottrIoNIs'T CHASED AND Dxowx ED.-A man named Pullam, in Garrard county, (Ky.,) who was suspected of being' concerned in running off slaves, was arrest ed a fewv days ago by several citizens, but' broke loose, and while running was fired on, which cauked him to fall; before his pursu ers came up, however, he sprang to his feet, made for the Kentucky river, and precipita ted himself from a cliff forty-seven feet in height. As nothing was seen of hile after wards, it is supposed he was drowned. ?dAYew-Dow " SoL."-It is stated that the stock of liquors purchased by the Mayor of Portland. and about which there has been so much trouble, instead of being imported, as represented, was manufactured at Wil lamburg, New York. In other ,words, the Mayor,. it is alleged, has been' victimized by a sharper, who has r'mposed upon him, for a pure article, for "sick" persons, a quantity of common Nme York whiskey and brandv. UiNCOm 1I PACE! THE Southern Patriot 'makes the folrov,: ing rather startling announcement: "Exrmsvr Fonmniss.-We were$ioek ed to hear, whilst at Spartanburg Conit, last week, of forgeries to the amonit of seventy or eighty thousand dollars; and moneys drawn on them from the banks.of Hamburg, Chester,. Charlotte, State Bank' and Commercial Bank ! There is nothing in our State' which has equalled.this grand fraud for years past; and the most melada cholly feature in it is, that it is like the.for gery of Dr. Dodd on the Earle of :Chester field,by a man of high position on his friends. And no doubt the act was committednde-r the same mistaken notion, that if discovered his friends would save him exposure: Bat - the amount is too large, and would brldg utter ruin and bankruptcy on those-friends. The tanks will have to lose these large sums, which will be charged - to loss. ate - profit." We have a curiosity, to know the name' of this man of "high position," and-regret that the Patriot did not give -it. - When as itinerant humbugger of the public leaves a place none the emptier for hotel-and ader. tising bills, he is generally followed by. his. name in full and an accurate personal-des cription; and we are green enougto be. lieve that when-a' man of "high position" perpetrates a "grand fraud,"'he; too, should. be unveiled to the public gaze. Positious' may perchince prevent legal 'nvestigation.,. or procure an exercise of execdtiveclemen cy, but let it never intercept the.arraignmest of a rascal at the bar of public adjudication. Let honest men know, as far as possible; wbQ are our brethren. If the President of the United States commits a fraud, let his'namb accompany the story of his treachery. Bt we do not believe the Patriot withho'da names simply, because they are too bg for utterance; perhaps 'that false maxim (which we believe the law accepts) that the greater the truth; the more libellions the report, sup presses it. That principle may do in some cases, but it should not be of application in such cases. as referred to.-lndependent Press. ONE HAPPY MaX.-The' happiest'man I have ever known is gone far enough from being rich in money, and who will never bd very much nearer to it. His calling fits hiin, and he likes it, rejoices, in its process as much as. in its results.- 'He has -an active mind, well filled. He reads and he thinksi He tends! his garden before sunrise- every mo-ning,-then rides sundry miles by the rail--does ten hours' work in town-Whence he returns, happy and cheerful.' With hiy own smile he catches the - earliest smile of the morning, plucks the first rose of his gar den and goes to his work with the little flow er in his hand and a great -one blossoming out of -his heart.* He runs- with charity,'as a cloud with rain; and it is with him as with.the cloud-what rain coning from the cloud is to ,the meadows, is rainbow of glo. ries to the cloud that pours. it 'out.. The happiness of the affections fills the good man, and he runs over with friendship and love-connubial, parental, -filial, friendly, too, and philanthropic besides., His life is a perpetual " trap to catch a sunbeam,". and it always "springs" and takes it in. I know no man who gets more out. of. life; and the . secret of it in that he does his duty to him. self, to his brother and .to his God: I know rich men, and learned men-men of great social position ; 'and if there is no genius in America I know that-but a happier .man I have never. known.-Theodore Parker. ITE31s FOR THE LAIEs.-Lady readers will the following hints be useful? Brit'an nia should be first rubbed gently with a woolen cloth and sweet oil, then washed in warm suds and rubbed with soft leather and whiting. Thus treated, it will retain its beauty to the last. New iron should be gradually heated a4. first; after it has- becomie inured with thu beat it is not likely to crack. It is a good plan to put new earthenware into water, and let it heat gradually until it boils then 'cool again. Brown earthenware, particularly, may be toughened in thiis way. A handful of wheat or rye bran, thro.~wn i w~hile boiling, will preserve the glazing, so that it will not be destroyed by acid or sail -'Clean a brass kettle, before using it fqr cooking, with salt and .vinegar. - The oftener carpets are shaken,' the longer they will wear; .dirt that collectsnund'er thent. grinds out'the threa:is. If you wish to preserve fine teeth, always clean them thoroughly after you have eaten your last meal at night. Woolen should be washed in very hot. suds and not rinsed. Lukewarm water shrinks woolen goods. Never allow ashes to be taken uip in wood, or put into wo'od. Always have your matchg. es and lamp ready for use in case of a sudden alarm. ~ Have important papers all together, where you can lay your hands oh them-4 once in case of fire. . -~ Old bread may be made almost-asgod as new by dipping the loaf in- cold wtu then patting it into the oven after hb ' is drawn, *or in a stove, and letth' through. Isinglass is a most deli~ate sarc re fui muslins. When boiling commo'n. atareb, ~ sprinkle in it a little fine salt;1it wil1l prevent its sticking. Some use sugar. - - OLD *AcunarraNC.Jdge Holt, be ing once on the bench at the Old Baltey, convicted a. mnan of robbery, whom he'-re menmbered to have been one of his old coin panions. Moved by curiosity, he inquired what was become of certain individuals who belonged'-to the party. Upon whichk-the 'fellow replied, with a sigh, and a low bow. " h!m lord, they are all hangedeet your lo shipand Il Excz~szo.-A certain Von-Raue~h married a natural. .dau teof p1%~ of Austria, may pierhaps ecs ete.aaOt this beard culvating generatione s, rn are infoi-nied th'at his beardr extended rde his chin to the earti,"at'- froum tirence wp5 turned up agan'j heiqle..~ }