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VE IAV OI, meucratic 3Ayurxn, Droo4ta to Boutlyrn ?1iB3Jts, Briy, Voiti0 d&nerad "Inittligence, 1itraiture, ft1*rald ,Exprnc,?iutr, &e. "We will cling to the Pillars of the Temple of LIberices, and it it must fall, we will Perish amidst the Ruins." W. F. DuR IsOE, Proprietor. EDGEFIELD S. C., DECEMBER 13, .1854. . OL.-K---o-** THE EDGEFIELD ADVERTISER IS PUBLISHED EVERY WEDNESDAY BY W. F. D U RIS 0 E, Proprietor. ARTHUR SIMKINS, Editor. 92 oaa Lr Slap 6RI Two DOLLARS per year, if paid in advance-Two JOLLAnS and FiFTY CENTS if not Paid Within siX - nonth-and TnREE DOLLARS if not paid before the expiration.of the year. All subscriptions not distinct ly limited at the time of subscribing, nill be consider ed as made for an indefinite period, and will be con tirnued 'until all arrearages are paid, or at the option of the Publisher. Subscriptions from other States must INVARIABLY be accompanied with the cash or refer ence to some one known to is. AnvERTsE.xstFNTS will he conspicuously inserted at 75 cents per Square (12 lines or less) for the first in. sertion, and 371 cents far each subsequent insertion. When only published Monthly or Quarterly $1 per square will be charged. All Advertisementsnot having tht desired number of insertions marked on the mar gin, will be continued until forbid and charged ac cordingly. Those desiring to advertise by the year can doso on liberal terms-it being distinctly understood that con tracts for yearly advertising are confined to the imme diate, legitimate business of the firm or individual contracting. Transient Advertisements must be paid for in advance. For announcing a Candidate, Three Dollars, i ADvANCE. For Advertising Estrays Tolled, Two Dollars, to be aid by the Magistrate advertiing. NEW FALL DRY GOODS, CORNER OPPOSITE GLOBE HTEL, AUGUSTA, GA. Ii L~L ER & WAR IREN, wily offer areat .I. indteemtents to their friends and custoners this season to purchase their FA LL and WINTER DRY GOODS. They do, not pretend to say they have the' richest and largest stock ever oftred in this gity, that they have hetur taste in their selections, Or ps05ss supe rior a lvantages over their neig-hbors; but atey have ce-rtainly the richest and nmist - elegatnt stock they ever had in store. i -IN DRESS GOODS They have Rich Satin Striped Platid SILKS; Rich ]ileavy Crocale-Cold 1 do. Ulk. Satin Striped Plaid and Watcred SIEKS of new antd beatifl stiles; . Plain 1'ed SILKS, and Priin do. Rich ain:ed Er. CA SIINERES anI DE L AINES ; Beautiful simall fig. DELAIKES, for nisses' wear ; Plain French ME RINOS and CISIL2EIERES, r of every shade i Sup. ine Wlk. Fr. BOM3BAZINE: 4 '. . CIIALLE and DEIAINES; MANTILLAS, TALMAS AND CLOAKS emtbracing every vari. ty of p:tterns and material, fromt low-price1 to the rictest and highest cost Goods mn:ttuwtireli. EMIROIDERIES, comprisina a larze and - ost elegant assortment or Rich Fren-h Worked Ciollars. Chmizettes, Undersleeves, Stonaebers, 1landkerchfefs, Infaints' Robes atul Worked Bodies. --Ahso-- - Maltese Collars, Clhimizettes and Sleeves Rich Emibroidered liands, of the latest styles of work ; Beautiful lot of lonnet anl Neck Ribbons: Litnen Camtabrie lema-st'ed Ilandkerehiefs, Nlitts, Gloves i Black and White Silk Hosiery : Alpaca and Mo-\o ravian Ilose ; Ladies .atndl Misses Hose, all sizvs: " Silk an.1 Mlerino Vests and lisses do. -IN HOUSE-KEEPING ARTICLES They have an end -ss variety of TO WE LLINGS TA'LE NAPKINS and DOYLES; 12-4 Linen and C.,tton 1!LLO W CASE Goods, TABLE CI.OTIIS, all sizes, of the richest Datnabk and Snow drop ligures. Frencl and Fnalish CASSIM ER ES. BROAD CLOTHS. VESTNGS, TWEEDS. Welsh t FLANNELS, aid every other article kept in the i ryGoods line. I i'ers-ons visiting lte City, can rely on finding the newest styles of Goods, ttand it rielness and variety unasurpassedl in any maritket, to wivebl theair atttiotn is itnvited, as athey will be othfered :at low prices. Augusta, Nov 25 tt 44 Carpets and Curtain IMaterials, WyiLLIA31 SHIEAR, A coes~a," Gat..i ha utreceived ftm Newy York a latge suply ofI Englisha Brussels Carpets, of the best gaplity and of newv and elegant styles ; English Velvet Carpets, of ney and splendid styles ;s Extra Three Ply, Ingrain atad Venetian Carpets ; Rih Chaenille Itues, to nmatelt the Carpets; -]Prinated Crumtb Clothas in pattertns anad by thec yard Wtieaclorced iDwaasks anad D)eLaintes, for Cur tainas, witha Gitmps and Ta-sels to tmatcha. lth Embroidlered Lace anad Muslin Curtains, anad somne at very lowv prers;tyr EmbatroidecredI Mlu-at, f..r Curtains, by teyr Witadew Shandes of beautiful styles; Superior Furntiture Dittities atnd Fitne Cottona Fringes; Gaut Cortnices, Curtta i atnds, and Brass and Plated Stair ltada: T1'he Public are respectfully inavited to call and ex amitne thec ussortmtent.I Augutsta, Nov 14 tf 44 Groceries! 50 IIIIDs. SUGAR, Also 50 Barrels STEW AlRT'S do. 200 Bags COFFE E, 25 Hlads. NOLASSES, 200 Coils R OPE, somtae very superior, 100 hales Gtaunny anad Dutadee BAGGING, 30 Whaale, llt atnd Q,~uarter LUhls. Noa 3, No 1. atnd 31ess MA CKEREL, also Kits, "t A na we would ALso state," thtat we have a finte assortmtent of -BlanketS, Negro Cloths, Bedsteads, Chanirs, Saddles, Ostnabutrgs, Stripes, - ~ Iron, Natils. Oils, Whtite Lead. Shout, Lar Lead, SIR,'Cheese, Powder, Soap, Rlice, Bacon, &c., &c., &c., And in fact, every article usually found in a Gro eery Store. J. SIBLEY & SON 11amxburg, Nov 14, tr 44 Fine Groceries, Liquors, &c. T IIE Subscriber has now' in Store a large Stack of Groceries, &ce., whaicht he will dispose of at remnarkably low paiets. Anautug his Stock mxay be outd No. I Clarified, Crushed anad Loaf Suagar, Yellow Co~fiee Stagar, an excellent article, Old Java and liio Cothiee. - Mercer P'otastoes, Silver Skitn Onions, Fine Chewitng Tobacco, dithreent branads, First quality Ilavatnna and Amaerican Cigars, Sperm and Adamanatine Catndles, Starch, Pepper, iluistatrd, Extra lPine Table Salt, Sardines, Salmon, Lobsters, Tomatto Ketchup, Pepper Sauce, Preserves of every description, Pickles, Splendid Vinegar, &e., &e. Liquors and Wines. Gibson's best Whiskey, Nectar do. New England Rumn, D)omestic Brandy, I1'ollanda Gita, Madeirik Wine, Trenetile :and Malaga do * First quality Chamapaignec Wine, Claret in boxes, Lesle & Co's Stomnach Bitters, Wolf and Ross' Scahaps, &c. Also 2 ask ofSupecrior lirandies. - Also 2 ask of S. E. BOWERS,A Agent. n.abrg Nv 14, tf 41 * President's Message. This document reached us nearly a week since. That it is a sensible and a temperate thing, is the chief comment we have seen upon it. We adopt what appears to be thet general impression. Fur. ther laudation is uncalled for. Finding it rather inconvenient to give our readers the whole of this Presidential pnper, we will select some paragraphs and merely indicate the contents of others. Paragraph 1, expresses the common-place gratulations to the country at large. Paragraph 2, alludes to our peace with all nations. Paragraph 3, makes mention of a rising dis position on the part of certain European govern. nents to adjust the balance of power on our side of the Atlantic. Paragraph 4, proceeds to explain that our box-terrapin propensity to keep our own affirs entirely to ourselves is the cause of European distrust and suspicion of us. Paragraph 5, briefly defends our territorial expansion against the charge of rapacity. Paragraphs 6, 7 and 8, are occupied with sun dry remarks upon our wide commerce, and upon the government's determination, under the well known circumstances of war which now disturb rade, to maintain inviolate the international rule that " ftree stripes make free goods." Russia's recognition of the rule, and the silence of Great Britain and France thereupon, are noticed. Pa~regraphs 10.and 11, give reasons for do lining Prussia's proposition to couple with the iforesaid international rule, the rec'ommen4ation f privateering ; and here we quote the message; "The King of Prussia entiref' approves of he pro.ject of a treaty to thq'same effedt, sub.' nitted to him, but proposes :traddititnal article roviding for the tnunciation of privaleering. Such an article, fp&mdst obvious reasons, is much le.ired by nafions havIng navid establishments, arge in proportion to their foreign commerce. f it were adopted as an international rule the t omierce of a nation having comparatively a mall naval force would be very much at the nerev of its enemy, in case of war with a power ,f dieided naval 'superiority. The bare state. nent. of the condition in which the United States veud be placed, after having surrendered the , i1hit to resort to privateers, in the event of war vith a belligerent of naval supremacy, will show hat this govermnent could never listen to such proposition. The navy of ihe first marilime wwer in Europe is at least, ten timeans large as-; hat of the United States. The fofeign com neree of the two countries is nearly equal, and bout equally exposed to hostile depredations. n war bet ween that power and the United States, ithout resort on our part to our mercantile ma- f ine, the means of our 4nemy to inflict inmjury I-on nmrtonnereb worfir be tenfold greater han ours to retaliate. We could not extricate ar country from this uncqual condition, with uch an enemy, unless we at once departed froum ur present policy. and became a great naval aower. Nor would this country be better situ ed in war with one of the secondary naval >owers. Though the naval disparity would be es,, the greater extent, and more exposed con- 1 lition of our wide'spread commerce, would give :iy of them a like advantaga over us. The proposition to enter into engagements to t rego resort to privateers, in case this country hiould le forced into war with a great naval ower, is not entitled to more favorable consid ration than would be a proposition to agree not I o accept the services of volunteers for opera ions on land. When the honor or the rights of ir country regmlire it to assume a hostile atti- < de, it coilidently relies upon the patriotism of ts citizens, not ordinarily devoted to the military t rofession, to auminient the army and the navy, o as to make them fully adequate to the emer-I eerev which calls them into action. The pro osai to surrender the right to employ privateers S professedly founded upon the principle, that| rivate proiperty of unotfending non-combatants, bougha enemies, should be exempt from the avages of war; but the proposed surrender goes ut little wvay in carrying out that principle, whiachI I ually requires that. such private property should i tot beseized or molested by national ships of it var. Should the, leading powvers of Europe oncur in proposing, as a rule of international aw, to exempt private property upon the ocean 'ro seizure by public armed cruisers, as well as< v privateers, the United States will readily meet. etm upon that broad ground." I i Paragraph 12, tells of the Fishery treaty. Paragraph 13, speaks of the boundary line of ~asington territory, and recommends the ap ointment of a Commission to meet one on the )art of Iher Majesty's governmeant, whose joint usiness it shall be to settle the dispute. Paragraph 13. discants upotn our relations vith France, as follows:I "France was thme early and etlicient ally of he United States in their struggle for indepen ence. From that time to the present, with oe asional slight interruptions, cardinal relations of ~riedship have existed between the governments md people of the two countries. The kindly sentiments, cherished alike by both nations, have led to extensive social and commercial inter course, which, I trust, will not be interrupted or hchcked by any casual event of an apparently unsatsfacto'ry character. The French contul at San Francisco was, nut long since, brought into the United States district court at that place, by compulsory process, as a witness in favor of an oher foreign consul, in violation, as the French government conceives, of his privileges, under our consular conivention with Fratnce. There being nothing in the transaction which could im plyany disrespect to France or its consul, such explanation has been made as I hope will be sat isfactory. Subsequently misunderstandings arose on the subject of the French goverqment having, as it appeared, abruptly excluded the American minister to Spain from passing through France on his way from London to Madrid. But that overnment has unequivocally disavowed any design to deny the right of transit to the minis ter f the United States; and,after explanations to this effe.ct, lie has resumed his journey, and actually returned through France to Spain. I herewith lay before Congress the correspondence on this subject between our envoy at Paris and the minister of foreign relations of the French government." Paragraph 15, touches upon Spain, hopes that our minister to that distracted country will yet achieve something satisfactory, &c. Paragraph 17, thus finally disposes of the celebrated Japan Expedition: " The naval expedition, despatched about two years since for thme purpose of establishuing rela ions with the empire of Japan, has been ably and skIlfully conducted to a successful termnin tion by the otlicer to whom it was intrusted. At trety opening certain of the ports of that popui lus country has been negotiated ; and mnorder to ;..e c.,l ..m.ct tto,a it l emans to cx change ratifications, and adopt requisite com mercial regulations." Paragraph 18, has something of only moder ate interest about Mexico. Paragraphs 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28, give an account of the Greytown affitir ; and as much, very much has been scribled on the subject pro and con, we commend the version of President PIERCE to all: "As identical to these questions, T deem it proper to notice an occurrence which happened in Central America, near the close of the last session of Congress. So soon us the necessity was perceived of establishing inter-oceanic com munications across the isthmus, a company was organized, under authority of the State of Ni caragua, but composed, for the most part, of citizens of the United States, for the purpose of opening such.a transit way, by the river San Juan and Lake Nicaragua, which soon became an eligible and much used route in the transporta tion of our citizens and their property between the Atlantic and Pacific. Meanwhile, and in an. ticipation of the completion and importance of this transit way, a number of adveninrers had taken possession of the old Spanish port at the mouth (f Lhe river San Juan, in open defiance of the State or States of Central America, which, upon their becoming independent, had rightfully succeeded to the local sovereignty and jurisdic. tion of Spain. These adventurers undertook to ehange the name of -the place from San Juan del Norne to Greytown, and, though at first pre tending to act as the subjcts of the fictitious sovereign of the Mosquito Indians, they subse qjuently repudiated the control or any power whatever, assumed to adopt a district political Drganization, and declared themselves an inde pendentt sovereign State. It, at some time, a raint hope was entertained that they might be. :Ome a stable and respectable community, that tiope soon vanished. They proceeded to assert infounded claims to civil jurisdiction over Punta krenas, a position on the opposite side of the -iver San Juan, which was in possession, under t title wholly independent of them, of 'citizens if the United States, interested in the Nicaragua [ransit Company, and which was indispensably iecessary to the prosperous operation of that oute across the Isthmus. The company resisted heir groundless claims; whereupon they pro eeded to destroy some of its buildings, and at empted violently to dispossess it. At a later period they organized a strong force or the purpose of demolishing the establishment rt Punta Arenas, but this misehicous design vas defeated by the interposition of one of our Iiips of war, at that time in the harbor of San luan. Subsequently to this, in May last,a body >f men from Greytown crossed over to Punta krenas, arrogating authority to arrest, on the harge of murder, a captain of one of the steam >oats of the Transit Company. Being well ware.that the claim to exercise jurisdiction there vould be resisted then, as it had been on previ ins occasions, they went prepared to assert it by oree of arms. Our minister to Central Ameri a happened to, be present on that occasion. Be ieving that tie captain of the steamboat was nnocent, for he witnessed the transaction on vthich the charge was founded, and believing, Iso, that the intruding party, having no juris liction over the place where they proposed to nake the arrest, Would encounter desperate re istance if they persisted in their purpose, he nterposed, ell'etually, to prevent violence and >oodshed. The American minister afterwards -isited Greytovn, and whilst he was there a mob, ncluding certain of the so-called public fune ionaries of the place. surrounding the house in vhich lie was, avowing that they had come to rrest hin by order of some person exercising he chief authority. While parleying with them,I e was wounded by a missile from the crowd. k boat, despatched from the American steamer Northern Light" to release him frotm the peril. us situation in which he was understood to be. I vas fired into by the town guard and compelled o return. These incidents, together with the :nown cbaracter of the population of Greytown, tid their excited state, induced just apprehen ions that the lives and property of our citizens .t Ptita Arenas would be in imtinent dangr fter the departure of thte steamer with her pas engers for New York, unless a guard was left or their protection. For this purpose, atnd in rder to insure the safety of passengers and roperty passing over the route, a temuporarty oree was organized, at considerable expense to lie United States, for wvhich provision was tmade t the last session of Congress. This pretended community-a heterogeneous ssettblage, gathered from various countries, atnd ~omposed for the most part of blacks and per. ons of mixed blood-had previously given other ndientions of tmischievous and dangerous .pro yenities. Early iti the same month, property ,as clandestinely abstracted from the depot of .he Transit Conrpany and taken to Greytown. ['he plutnderers obtained shelter there, and their iursuers were driven back by its people~, who not >nly protected the wrotngdoers and shared thme iumider, but treated with rudeness and violence .hose who sought to recover their property. Such, in substance, are thme facts submitted to my consideration, anda proved by trustworthy :vdenice. I couLtd not doubt that the case de nanded the interposition of -this Government. lustice required that reparation should be made lor so many and such gross wrongs, atid that a ourse of insolence and plttnder, tending directly ;o the insecurity of the lives of numerous tray 3lers, and of the rich treasures belonging to our :itizens, passing over this transit way, should be ~eremptorily atrrested. Whatever it might be iti lter respects, the community mu questioti, int powver to do mtischiief, was not despicable. It was well provided with ordnance, simallh arms atid immutnition, and might easily seize on the un rmned boats, freighted with milli.mns of property, which passed almost daily wvithin its reach, it id not profess to belong to any regulargovern ment., and had, in fact, no recognised dependance an or connection with any otne to which the U. States or.their injured citizens might apply for redress, or which could be held responsible in any way for the outragescommnitted. No.tstand ing before the world in the attitude of an or manized political society, being neither compe ent to exercise the rights nor to discharge the obligations of a governiment, it was in fact a maraudintg establishment, too dangerous to be disregarded, and too guilty to pass tunpunishied, and yet incapable of beitig treated in any other wiy than as a piratical resort of outlaws, or a camup of savages, depredating on emigrant trains or caravans and the frontier settlements of civili zed States. Seasonable notice wvas given to the people of Greytown that this Govertnment required them to repair the injuries they had done to our citi zens, atnd to make suitable apology for their insiit to our Minister, and that a ship-of-war would be depatched thither to enforce compliance with these demands. But the notice patssed unheeded. Tihereupon a commander of the tnavy, in charge of the sloop.of-war " Cyane," was ordered to-re pentted the demands, and to insist upon a com pliance therevith. Finding that neither the populace, nor those assuming to have authority over themt, manifested any disposition to make the required reparation, or even to oil'er excuse for their cotnduct, lhe wvarned them, by a public proclamat'on. that if they did not give satisfac tion wthin .a time speci.ied he would bombard 'the town. BI this procedure he afforded them opportunity to provide for their personal safety. To those alsoiwho desired to avoid loss of prop erty in the puiishment about to be inflicted on the offendingtown, he furnished the means of removing their effects by the boats of his own ship, and of aist mer which he procured and tendered to th for that purpose. At length, perceiving no d sition on the part of the town to comply witi is requisitions, he appealed to the command*.of her Britanic Majesty's schoon er " Bermuda who was seen to have inter course, and appqently much influence, with the lenders amon hm, to interpose and persuade them to take .me course calculated to save the necessity of 4aor'ting to the extreme measure indicated in h iroclamation" but that officer, instead of a ing to the request, did nothing more th-in to. rotest against the contemplated bombardmeii'No steps of any sort were taken by the peopl. give the satisfaction required. No individuas if any there were, who regarded themselves asgot resp6nsible for the misconduct of the commt 'ty, adopted any means to sepa rate themselvs from the fate of the guilty. The several chiarg on.. which the demands for re dress were fo ded had been publicly known to all for some e, -and were again announced to them. Thi _d got deny any of these charges; they offered 6iexplanation-nothing in extenu Mion of their nct; but contumaciously re fused to hold y intercourse with the command er of the " 0e." By their obstinate silence they seemedrahei desirous to provoke chastise ment than teeseape it. There is ample reason to believe tfilhis conduct of waniton defiance on their part -sjimputable chiefly to the deluiive idea that the Am edican Government would be deterred from :punishing them through fear of displeasing a. formidable foreign Power, which they presumedio thiik looked with cnmplacency upon their aggr.ike and insulting deportment towards the niited States. The " Cvane" at length fired uj "'n the town. Before mueh injury hadbeen donesthe fire was twice suspended, in order to af'ord'opportunity for an arrangement, but this was diaelined. Most of the buildings of tho .pl:ice, dflittle value generally, were, in the sequel, destroyed, but, owing to the conside rate precautions taken by our naval commander, there was no aetruction of life. When the atyane" was ordered to Central America, it was confidently hoped and expected that no occasiog would arise for " a resort to vi olence and dedruction of property and loss of lire." Instructions to that effect were given to her commande4; and.no extrene act would have been requisite;iad not the people themselves, by their extraordinary conduct in the afftir, frus trated all the.p.Obsible mild measures for obtain ing satisfactiont. A withdrawal from the place, the object of .Mis visit entirely defeated, would, under the ciremstances in which the commander f the " Cyan'e'! found himself, have been abso lte abandonment of all claims of our citizens for indeimnifieigion, ind submissive acquiescence in national indigriity. It would have encouraged n these lawle-mmen' a spirit of insolence and rapine most 6getei6Wttr61nrive-and property )f our citizens at Punta Arenas, and probably !mboldened them-to grasp at the treasures and valuable merchandise continually passing over he Nicaragua route. It certainly would have een most satisfactory to me if the objects of he " Cyane's" mission could have been consumn nated without any act of public force ; but the irrogait contumaney of the oll'nders rendered it 'mpossible to avoid the alternative, either to break up their establishment, or to leave them *pressed with the idea Lat they might perse vero with impunity in a careor of insolence and ?lunder. This transaction has been the subject of com tlaint on the part of some foreign powers, and ias been characterized with more of har.<hness han of justice. If comparisons were to be in tituted, it would not be difficult to present t icated instances in the bistory of Stat"e,stand ng in the very front of modorneivilization, where :-mmunities, far less offending and more dofence ess than Greytown, have been chastised with nuch greater severity, and where not cities only inve been laid in ruins, but human life has been -reklesshy sacrificed, and the blood of tihe inno enit made profusely to mingle with that of the, luity." Paragraphs 29 and 30, on the Finances of be country, we also quote in full; " Passing from foreign to domestic affairs, your ttention is nat.:rally directed to the financial ~onditionm of the country, aiways a subject of rneral interest. For complete and exact inifor nation regarding the finances, and the various lranches of the public service connected there vith, I refer you to the report of the Secretary f the Treasury ; from which it will appear, that the amount of revenue during the last Fseal year, from all sources, was seventy-three millions five hundred and forty-ninie thousand even hundred and five dollars; and that the *public expenditures for the same period, exchn ive of payments on necount of the public debt, amounted to fifty-one millions eighteen thou cnd two hundred and forty-nine dollars. Du ring the same period, the payments nmadle in re emption of the public debt, including jnterest rid premium, amounted to twenty-four millions three hundred and thirty-six thousand three hundred aind eighty dollars. To the sum total of the receipts of that year is to be added a balance remaining in the Treasury at the com menement thereof, amounting to twenty-one millions nine hundred and forty-two thousand eight hundred and ninety-two dollars; and at te close of the samme year, a corresponding bal ance amounting to twenty millions one hundred aid thirty-seven thonsand 'nine hundred and sixty-seven dollaras of receipts above exp~endi. tures, also respained in the Treasury. Altthough in the opinion of the Secretary of the Treasury, the receipts of the current fiscal year are not likely to equal in amount those of the last, yet they will undoubtedly exceed the amount of ex'enditures by at least fifteen millions of dol lars. I shall, therefore, continue to direct that the surplus revenue be applied, so far as can be judiciously and economically don', to the reduc tion of the public debt, the amount of which at the commencement of the last fiscal year, was sixty-seven millions three hundred and forty thousand aix hundred and twenty-eight dollars; of which there had been paid on the twentieth day of November, 1854, the sum of twenty-two millions three hundred and sixty-five thousand one hundred and seventy-two dollars; leaving a balance of out-standing public debt of only for ty-four millions nine hundred and seventy-five thousand four hundred anid fifty-six dollairs, re deemable at different periods within fourteen years. There are also remnants of other gov ernment stocks, most of which are already due, and on which thie interest has ceased, but which have not yet been presented for payment, amounting to two hundred and thirtv'-three thou sand one hunndred and seventy-nine dollars. This statement exhibits the fact, that the annual incorme of the Government greatly exceeds the amount of its public debt, which latter remains unpaid, only because the tinme of payment has not yet matured, and it cannot be discharged at once, except at the option of public creditors, who prefer to retain the securities of thec United States; and the other fact, not less striking, that the annual revenue from all sources exd~eedsi, by mny millins of do'arim the amount nanedd for a prudent and economical administration of the Government. The estimates presented to Congress from the different Executive Departments, at the last session, amounted to thirty-eight millions four hundred and six thousand fiva hundred and eighty-one dollars ; and the appropriations made, to the sum of fifty-eight millions one hundred and sixteen thousand nine hundred and fifty eight dollars. Of this excess of appropriations over estimates, however, more than twenty mil lions was applicable to extraordinary oLjects, having no reference to the usual annual expendi tures. Among these objects was embraced ten millions to meet the third article of the treaty between the United States and Mexico; so that in fact, for objects of ordinary expenditure, the appropriations were-limited to considerably less than forty millions of dollars. I therefore re new mv recommendation for a reduction of the duties 'on imports. The report of the Secreta ry of the Treasury presents a series of tables, showing the operation of the revenue system for several successive years, and as the general principle of reduction of duties with a view to revenue and not protection may now be regarded as the settled policy of the country, I trust that little difficulty will be encountered in settling the details of a measure to that effecl. Paragraph 32, recommenda an increased mili tary force for our frontiers, on aceount of the late frequency of Indian depredations. Paragraphs 33, 34, 35, 36 and 37, contain va rious suggestions of improvements in our army Paragansphs 33 and 39, we quote. They bear upon a point of considerable interest, and are as follows: The recommendation of the Secretary of the Navy, having reference to more ample provisions for the discipline and general improvement in the character of seamen, and for the re-organi zation and gradual increase of the navy, I deem eminently worthy of your favorable considera tion. The principles which have controlled our policy in relation to the permanent military force, by sea and land are sound, consistent with the theory of our system, and should by no means disregarded. But, limiting the force to the objects particularly set forth in the preceding part of this message, we should not overlook the present magnitude and prospective extension of our commeicial marine, nor fail to give due weight to the fact that, besides the two thous and miles of Atlantic seaboard, we have now a Pacific coast, stretching from Mexico to the British possessions in the north, teeming which wealth and enterprise, and demanding the con stant presence of ships.of-war. The augmenta tion of the navy has kept pace with the duties properly and profitably assigned to it in time of peace, and it is inadequate for the large field of its operations, not merely in the present, but still more in the progressively increasing exi gencies of the wealth and commerce of the United States. I cordially approve of the pro posedipprentice *#stem. for our national ves sels, recotiiended by the Secretaryof the Navy. The occurrence, during the last few months, of marine disasters of the most tragic nature, involving great loss of human life, has produced intense emotions of sympathy and sorrow throughout the country. It may well be doubt ed w hether all these calamitous events are whol ly attributable to the necessary and inevitable dangers of the sea. The merchants, mariners, and ship-builders of the United States, are, itis true, unsurpassed in far-reaching enterprise, skill. intelligence and courage, by any others in the world. But, with the increasing amount of our commercial tonnage in the aggregate, and the larger size and improved equipment of the ships now constructed, a deficiency in the supply of reliable seamen begins to be very seriously felt. The inconvenience may, perhaps, be met, in part, by due regulation'for the introduction, into our merchant ships, of indented apprentices; which, while it would afford useful and oligible occupation to numerous young men, would have a tendency to raise the character of sea men as a class. And it is deserving of serious relietion, whether it may not be desirable to revise the existing laws for the maintenance of discipline at sea, upon which the security of life and property on the ocean must to so great an extent depend. Although much attention has already been given by Congress to the proper construction and arrangement of steam vessels and all passenger ships, still it is believed that the achievements of science and mechanical skill in this direction have not been exhausted. No good reason exists for the market distinction, which appears upon our statutes between the laws for protecting life and property at sea, and those for protecting them on land. In most ofI the States severe penalties are provided to pun ish conductors of trains, engineers, and oth~ers employed in the transportation of persons by railway, or by steamboats on rivers. Why should not the same principle be applied to acts of insubordination, cowardice, or other miscon duct on the part of masters and marinors, pro ducing injury or death to passengers on the high seas, beyond thme jurisdiction of any of the states, and where such delinquencies can be reached oniy by the power of Congress ? The whole subject is earnestly commended to your consideration. Paragraph 40, briefly states the result deriva ble from the Post-master-General's report, and concludes with making known the fact that the Post-Oflice Department is at, present a charge upon thme Treasury. The~ rmaining part of the message we give centire~ as we find it: "During the last fiscal year eleven million seventy thousand nine hundred and thirty-five acres of the public lands have been surveyed, and eight million one hundred and ninety thous and seventeen acres brought into market. The numnber of acres sold is seven million thirty-five thousand seven hundred and thirty-five, and the amount received therefor nine million two hun dred and eighty-five thousand five hundred anid thirty-three dollars. The aggregate amount or, lands sold, located under military scrip and land warrants, selected as swamp lands by States, and by locating under grants for roads, is up wards of twenty-three millions of acres. The increase of lands sold, over the previous year, is about six millions of ieres; and the sales du ring the two first quarters of the current year present the extraordinary result of five and a half millions sold, exceeding by nearly four millions of acres the sales of the corresponding quarters of the last year, thus increasing to an extent unparalleled during any like period in our past history the amount of revenue provid ed from this source for the Federal Treasury. The commendable policy of the government, in relation to sctting apart public domain for those who have served their country in time of war, is illustrated by the fact, that sinne 1790 no lesss than thirty millions of acres have been app'ied tothis object. The suggestions, which I submitted in my annual message of last year, in reference to grants of land in aid of the construction of railways, were less full and explicit than the magnitudjA of the subject and subsequent de velopments would seem to render proper and deabe. Of the soundness of the principle then asserted with regard to the limitation of the power of Congress, I entertain no doubt; but in. its application it is not enough that the value of land in a particular locality may be enhanced; that, in fact, a larger amount of money may probably be received, in a given time, for alternate sections, .than could have been realized for all the sections, without the impulse and influence of the proposed improve. ments. A prudent proprietor looks beyond limited sections of his domain, beyond present results, to the ultimate effect which a particular line of policy is likely to produce upon all his possessions and interests. The government, which is truste, in this matter, for the people of the States, is bound to take the same wise and comprehensive view. Prior to and during the hist session of Congress, upwards of thirty mil lions of acres of land were withdrawn from public sale with a view to applications for grants of this character pending before Congress. A careful review of the whole subject led me to direct that all such orders be abrogated, and the lands restored to market, and instructions were immediately given to that effect. The applica tions at the last session contemplated the con struction of more than five thousand miles of road, and grants to the amount of nearly twenty millions of acres of the public domain. Even admitting the right on the part of Congress to be unquestionable, is it quite clear that the pro posed grants would be productive of good, and not evil 1 The different projects are confined, for the present, to eleven States of the Union, and one Territory. The reasons assingned for the grants, show that it is proposed to put the works speedily in process of construction. When we reflect that, since the commencement of the construction of railways in the United States, stimulated as they have been by the large divi dends realized from the earlier works over the great thoroughfares, and between the most im portant points of commerce and population, en couraged by State legislation,. and pressed for ward-by the amazing energy of private enterprise), only seventeen thousand miles have been com pleted in all the States in a quarter of a century -when we see the crippled condition of many works commenced and prosecuted upon what were deemed to be sound principles, and safe calculations ;-when we contemplate the enor mous absorption of capital, withdrawn from the ordinary channels of business, the extravagant rates of interest at this moment paid to continue operations, the bankruptcies, not merely in mon ey, but in character, and the inevitable effect upon finances generally ;-can it be doubted that the tendency is to run to excess in this matter? Is it wise to augment this excess by encouraging hopes of sudden wealth expected to flow from magnificent schemes dependant upon the action of Congress? Does the spirit, which has pro duced such results, need to be stimulated or checked I Is it not the better rule to leave all these works to private enterprise, regulated, and, wh'en expedient, aided, by the co-operation of States? .If constructed by private capital, the stimulent and the check go together, and fe~nish .a salutary-restraint against speculative schemes and extrauagance, 1JatJt is mninifest that with the most effective guards, there is dangdr of go ing too fast and too far. We may well pause before a proposition con templating a simultaneous movement for the construction of railroads, which, in. extent, will equal, exclusive of the great Pacific road and all its branches, nearly one-third of the entire length of such works, now completed, in the United States, and which cannot cost, with equipments, less than one hundred and fifty millions of dol lars. The dangers likely to result from combi nations of interests of this character can hardly be over estimated. But, independently of these considerations, where is the accurate knowledge, the comprehensive intelligence, which shall dis criminate between the relative claims of these twenty-eight proposed roads, in eleven States and one Territory! Where will you begin, and where end? If to enable these companies to execte tleir proposed works, it is necessary that the aid of the general government be pri marily given, the policy will present a problem so comprehensive in its bearings, and so impor tant to our political and social well-being, as to claim, in anticipation, the severest analysis. En tertaining these views, I recur with satisfaction to the experience and action of the last session. of Congress, as furnishing assurance that, the subject will not fail to elicit a careful re-examit nation and rigid scrutiny. I intended to present, on this occasion, some suggestions regarding internal improve ment by the general government, which waht of time at tis close of the last session prevented, my submitting to'the House of -Representatives' with objections, of the bilIentitld" an act mak ing appropriations for the repair, preservation and completion of certain public works hereto.' fore commenced under authority of law ;" but the space in this communica~tion already occupied with other matter of immediate public exigency constrains me to reserve that subject for a spe cial message, which will be transmitted to the; two houses of Congress at an early day. The judicial establishmen of the United States requires modification, and certahi reforms in the wanner of conducting the legal business of the government are also much needed ; but as I have addressed you upon both of these subjects at lengith before, I have only to call your atten tion to the suggestions then made. My former recommendation, in relation to suitable provision for various objects of deep interest to the inhabitants of the District of Co lumbia, are renewed Many of these objects partake largely of a national character, and are important, indepently of their relation to the prosperity of the only considerable organized community in tho Union entirely represented in Congress. I have thus presented suggestions on such subjects as appear to mo to be of particular in terest or importance, and therefore most worthy of consideration during the short remaining pe riod allotted to the labors of the present Con. gress. Onr forefathers of the thirteen United Colo nies, in acquiring their independence, anid in founding this Republic of the United States of America, have devolved upon us, their descen dants, the greatest and the most noble trust ever committed to the hands of man, impiosing upon all, and especially such as the public will may have invested, for the time being, with political functions, the most sacred obligations. We have to maintain inviolate the great doctrine of the inherent right of popular self-government ; to reconcile the largest liberty of the individual citizen with complete security of the public or der; to render cheerful obedience to the laws of the land, to unite in enforcing their execution, and to frown indignantly on all combinations to resist them ; to harmonize a sincere and ardent devotion to the institutions of religious faithi with the most universal religious toleration ; to preserve the rights of all by causing each to respect those of the other ; to carry forward every social, improvement to the uttermost limit of human perfectibility, by the free action of mind upon mind, not by the obtrusive interven tion of misapplied force; to uphold the integrity and gpard the limitations of our organic law ; to preserve sacred from ali touch of usurpation, as the very palladium of our political salvation, the reserved po~vers of the several States and of the people; to cherish, with loyal fealty and de vednafection, tis TUnion, a the only sure foundation on which the hopes of civil'liber rest; to administer government with vigilant. tegrity and rigid economy; to cultivate an friendship with foreign nations, and to' mand and exact equal justice from all, but to wrong to none; to eschew Intermeddling - the national policy and the domestic fepose other governments, and to repel it fron oup never to shrink from war when the rights the honor 5f the country qalls us to arnrs, to cultivate in preference thoarts of peace, so enlargement of the rights of neutralityr elevate and liberflize the intercourse of atio and by such just and honorable means, ands only, whilst exalting the condition of the public, to assure to it the legitimate inffer and the benign authority of a great e amongst all the powers of Christendom. . Under the solemnity of these convictiot, blessing of Almighty God.is earnestly Invok to attend upon your deliberations,-and upon. the counsels and acts of the governmentto t end that, with common zeal and commoneffo we.may, in humble submission to the Divi will, cooperate for the promotion of the supre good of these United States FRANKLIN PIRC&A Washington, December 4,1854, CoNsUMPTIoN OF LIFE DURING. TE REWN, THE EMPEROR NIcivoLAs.-The comstrmption human life during the. reign of the Em Nicholas has been enormous: He has carried on war with the Cireassia uninterruptedly for 28 years, at an annual eo of 20,000 lives on the Russian side alone, king a grand total of nearly 600,000 Russia who have perished in attempting to subdue th independence of Circassia. In the two cam paigns against Persia, as in the Hungarian ca paign and the two Polish campaigns of 1831-'3 there are not sufficient data to- form a corr estimate of the loss of the Russians; which w however, in the Persian and Polish wars, 6ror mous. In the two campaigns against Turkey D 1828-'29, 300,000 fell ; of whom, however, 60 000 perish by the plague. The loss of th Russians in various ways since the entry of th Danubian Principalities is understated at 30,000 In these calculations it should be borne in min that no estimate is attempted to be made of sacrifice of human life on the side of those w fou ht for their liberties against the aggression of Russia.-Edinburg Advertiser. ANCIENT INHABITANTS OF NEDRAskr.-On Upper Missouri thpre exists -a tfadt of coun known by the name of Muvaises-Terres, or lands: at one time, probably, the bottom -of immense lake,in which perished thousands .o animals having iow no represegtatives on earth It appears that the waters of this immgpse pond were removed by some eonviilsion of iature d other; and the sediment at the bottom indurated. The portion of the valley thus excavated form a, surface of ninety miles' in length an thirty. In breadth. The- remains of anitma which have li'ed and brialiPlfong befdi advent of amn.oitearth~a'a:.ere. fo n_. -abundance as to form of this tract nm cemetery of vertebrata. The bones are said-t be. completely petrified, and their cavitids -* with silicious matter. They are' priserviedin various degrees of integrity, some most beeoti fully perfect; and others broken. wo remarkable species of rhinoceros--th first ever found In America-were discovierid here,'and also a sort of panther, smaller tbt the present variety, and likewise a numberadf strange animals with long names; unlike. any thing which man ever saw ilive. We tihow, then, that there were once individuals in Nebris ka aa curious, and as strangely shaped, anV pugnacious as any squatter whom the present great rush of immigration will carry thither. A PRAnMi PECULIARITT.-A correspondn. of the New York Post states that the cota.s tion of wood upon the prairies in cold . in the locomotives in much greater than.,ia the settlements or in the timbered count q. the amount of steam produced muen . train will leave Detroit with from -twen e " freight cars, and frotg eighty to one '' a peunds of steam. As it nears Chicaoo ie open prairie, testeam will fall grdal. thirty.fivo or forty poundt; and thoe T leaving half the train, runs with the renin to Chicage. So, put an iron box stove- nl top of the ears on the prairie, let the ir6 I ' intensely, and the surfatce of the stove 'wi i burn the hand laid upon it. It is a probeiB, the solution of which would make the fori ian inventor, how this rapid lois of hbeat lakt Be prevented. CONVICTION FOR RSCVING FUGITIva Sf.AvES. -The trial of John Ryeeraft, indicted for alleg cd participation in the rescue of the fugitive slave Glover from the custody of the marshal, in this city, in April last, which occupied' the United States District Court, Judge Miller VrE siding on Friday and Saturday, has terminated in the conviction of the prisoner. The casewas given to the jury, under a strong charge fri the Judge, at 8 o'clock Saturday evening, and on Sunday noon, after being out sixteen hom,, the jury brought in a verdict of guilty. Mr. Lakin, counsel for the prisoner, immediately filed a motion in arrest of judgment. The penmalty which thefugitive slave aetim poses for aiding in th% rescue of a faittive slave, is "a fine not exceeding $1000 anti ipri. sonment not exceeding 6 months. 't he party convicted, moreover, is liable in action for debt, in the sum of 81000 for each fugitive so lost."W-. Milwaukee Sentinel Nov. 2J. TuoMAs P. CorE. died at his residence Aa Philadelphia, on Wednesday. Hie was the.epj. nator of Cope's line of Liverpool packes w. for half a century occupied high posit oin Philadelphia. He is supposed to be worth about $7,000,000. He was a Quaker, an8. m menced business in. Philadelphia,whia nt~~ place, as a tobaconist. His sg h e Thomas P.' Cope, and the- advertisemuiik papers was " Thomas P. Cope sells Willing's'Alley." He became *at: lat 1 ~ e owner of shipping. -The' ships. i Cope, Algonquin, Monongahela, StseaaI Philadelphia, and a number ofhrszli property. _______ Ma. Dodson, of Georgia, brother he 41.j tor of -the Georgia Examiner, writs to thga per that slaver already .exists in -Kaopsandw needs no acto legislation to permi -2~; is impossible td get white labor there, andtli' must have slaves; that Missouri will ' f~ her population there to protect theite~ from the control of the abolitibinists .H2 ad that slaves hire readily at from '$160 't*b per annum, and that Kansa4 was -ie~~ Providence for a slave state.--Boston*5irizlf? HIGH PICE roa SL~AVs.-A sale-of t~ity two negroes in Pittsylvania county ~ ~sat week, at public auction, ages rnls r06t to forty years, was made at a Jite - mb pW " PA, what. is punctuation t& ~ e art of potting stops.". Th - wi~lu would go down in the Uai tni daine the cock of the-ck~ barI43 idemia Irunning alltover *~~~~