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el D orai 3 unmai, Droottoh~ to onrwtr~u dil1)ta, 1cravs, 3,TLtir, Tztrl 2nhihgrna, Cihfdturn, Moritih ~Emringnan, AgrticuLtuu, &e "We will clinga to the Pillars of the Tempic of our Llerties, and if it nust fall, we will Perih anmidst th . W. F. DURISOE, Proprietor. EDGEFIELD, IS. C., OCTOBER 5, 1854. "'--"* THE EDGEFIELD ADVERTISER IS PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY BY W. F. D U R IS 0 E, Proprietor. ARTHUR SIMKINS, Editor. Two DOLLARS per year, if paid in advance-Two DOLLARS and Fws.rr CENTS if not paid within six monithm-und TunaeEE DOL.ARS if not paid before the I expiration of the year. All subscriptions not distinet ly limited at the time of subscribing, will be consider ed as made for an indefinite period, anl will be cot tinued until all arrearages are paid, or at the option of the-Publisher. Subscriptions from other States mtst INvARaIAnLY be accompanied with the cash or refer ence to some one known to us. ADVEnrTIsEMEN-TS will be Cottspicuonsly inserted at 75 cents per Square (12 lines or less' for the first inl. sertion, and 371 cents far each stubsequent inssertion. When only published Monthly or Quarterly $1 per ,.quare will he charged. All Advertisements nit having the desired number of insertions marked on the mar Kin, will be continued until forbid and charged av rordingly. Those desiring to advertise by the year etn do sootn liberal term--it being distinctly tnderstood that cotn tracts for yearly advertising are confined to the imme diate, legitimate butsiness of the firms or intlividinal contracting. Transient Advertisements must be paid for in advance. For announeing a Candidate, Three Dollars, t. AtVANCE. For Advertising Estray. Tolled, Two Dollars, to be paid by the .Magistrate advertisittg. WIDows.-Young widows are always bilie. Thev ever teet. one with a smile and flattering word. Can any one tell why ? Younr wiefows pay very scrtptilouis attentiot to dress. None know so well what colors, black or otherwise. are best stited to their complexion nor what freaks of tillinery serve best to ieigliten the beauty of t heir form. Their knowledge of this subject tley will put in practice. Does any ont know why! Yots; widows are apt tobe pleasant gay and agreeable, through habit. It is said that .ie whso is married a second tine is a better wife to ier second thani her first Iusband. Who can give a reason, if we have not givent it ? Yout" widows are tle most chartmimg part 0' creat ito, the envy o' (ine sex, and tle beloved of the other ; :tInd why ? DISTINCTIONS.-A Frentclt Abbe. travelling in a stage, was :sked by a young clerk, a would be wit and atlteit, if ie knew what difference there was between a priest :.nd an ass ; and up. ott being answered in the negative, said that the priest carried the cross on li, breast, and the ass on his back. After the lagttlter had subsided, the Abbe asked if the clerk knew the difference between a clerk and an ass. "No," was the reply. Nor I," rejoined the Abbe. THE GOOD OF ADVERTISING.-Iaving need of a corre.,pondent from New York, and not know. ing with whotn to open : corrIspindence, we fell upon the Iteky idea of adverti-ing itn the New York Herald, We eneloed a one dollar bill wi't a small notice somewhat after thik .halpe: "Vanted a correspondent fromo New York." Iast Friday's ntil brougiht us eighteen atpplications, and (pit Saturday we received len nore. \Ve merely refer to this as at prctical illistration of the good resulting front adverti sing..-A tdersown Gazette. " PoytrEr, did you take the billet to Mr. Jones?" " Es, massa." " Did you see hJim ?" ' Es, str, me jtust did." How was he !' Why, massa, ie looked pooty well, '5idering 1 ie so blind !" Blind ! what do you nean by that ?" "Vh massa, whens I was itt the room. a gib bing hini de paper, he axed tite whar was mi hat ; and ian s t, perhaps you won 't believe me, he wa'tr ott de top ob my heatd de httulitime.', L L AY, niggi, houw you sell dent brooms so mutch cheaper dant (dis inde'rwidual catn do, whent, between you attd me, I steal de stuff' to mtake demn wid ?" - Vhty, y'ou black fool, Pomp ; I steal ttitne reatdy miad e." Tw~o Irishmen were itt prison, one for stealing a coiw. atnd thte oither for stealiang a watch. " .like," said the cow stealer, one day, " whtat O'loc.k is it ?" Q eht, Pat, [ haven't my watch handy', bttt I thittk it is abottt ntilkinz t imne." "~Why did you not psoct some of those pears ?"'said one boy to another, tinobody was thecre to see." " Yes thtere was ; I reas there i%#e myself, antd I don't ever meani to see myself do a mteant thintg."_____ MlETnE.-" First class in saicred mtusic, statnd up. Hlow matny kintds atf mtetre are there ?" "Thtree sir-long tmetre. short metre, and mee~t hecr by moontlighst alonte !" RINGwoR.--Apply repeatedly a paste of commton gttnpowder with water. hloW To MAKE THINGs PLEsANT AT AN EVE NtNG P'AtITr.-Sprintkle the floor of' thte drawitng room, whent thse comopany are downt at supper. witht pepper and sttstf, antd it is astonishin sg how pleasant thinsgs will be whten thte compatty come up to dance. TrHE entire assets of a& recenit batnkrupt were ninte smtall childrets ? The creditors acted tmtg nsanimously, and let him keelp them. *AccoarNG to the Spaish proverb, four per sons are wanted to make a good salad ; a spend thrift for oil, a miser for vinegar, a countsellor' for salt, and a mttdman to stir up all. The best dowry to advattce the marriage of a lady, is to hsave in her coutntenance mildness, int hter speech wisdL m, and its hter behaviour tnodesty. IT is only thte fellon that never were in love whett they "were yout hat become irretrievably entangled in after life. If you wantt to see at true sexagenarian victim, look otut for someI hantg-dog, dowttcast, nmopish creature. or somel suspectful, warv, craf'ty redhaired rascal, that thtoughst every wvomans had a trap latd for htim. TIhese are your hopeless catses-these are the mten thtat always die itn some maysterious mantner, an~d leave wilhl behisnd them to he litigated for half a censtury. [Dodd Family. AN incorrigible wag who lent a tniniater a horse, whticht ran atway and threw Isis ceierical rider off', thtought he shtould have some credit for his aid in spreading the Gospel. IT won't do to conclude that a man is always hmppy when hse is smiling, or thsat hte is a housec huilder because you always find htim with "a brick in his hat To-.MoluoW.-TheO dasy on which idle ment work, atnd fools give utP their folly,. and sinners repent and believe, atnd reform their characters atnd life ! Front tihe Lexington Temperance Standard. GRANITEVILLE AND TEMPERANCE. When we co'nsider that the history of Gran. iteille for the last eight years, is closely iden. tifled with the history of the teuiperance cause in South Carolina, it must be a matter of con. gratulation not only to the friends of Southern enterprise, but also to ihe friends of temperance and morality, to learn tha9t thk institution is in a prosifto US condition, and that the expectations of its friends have been fully realized. There are several moral causes which have contributed to rendter the efforts of the Graniteville Maui facturinig Coimtpiny successful :n1d protitable. The fir-t regulation which was made for the gvermnit otLhe village, was the ent iie pro. hibition iero the sale of iitoxicating drinks, :id we elieve that the credit for enacting the first prohibitory law in our State, belongs to this Comipany. And for their efforts in thus altemp. tinig to proiote the principles of temperance an'd oond order, they have been amply reward. ed. Tleiy have at all times paid great atten tioln to the phiyical, moral, and irtellectual wel I'ire of the iithabitaits aid operatives in the flictory, and for that purpose h:rge sums of mon. ey have been expeided. Throughi the persolal effiorts of -everal of the stoekholders, inl cotnee. tiotn ith the regyulations oi the Coipany, Il). wards of one hand.ed men have been reclaimed from ha lii bits of gross inteiperance, tl1a1V of whom had maide repeated efforts to reform, but tile temp:aiions by which they were surroItided rendered their reforimation next to impossible. Tlirouzh the entrealies of their families and friends, they were induced to remove to Gr:i i:eville, where those temptations could not beset. them. They are now reformed, the tears of' j, and gladniess have eliased from the eyes of their wites anlid children, the bitter tears of sor row and distress. In the place of povertv, in 'Jolenee and w-ait, thiey are now blessed with plenty, industry and contentment, and their chiil dren who at oie time were pests to tle com mntivities in which they lived, are ntow regilar in their attendance at the school house and the touse of God, and promise f'air to hecainie lion arable and useful members of Society. All this imd inuch more has bien accopil ished by al trohibitory law inl connection with the habits (o ntd ustry, which have been encouraliged by tle 1terprising proprietors of tlis village. Antlih :r cause of the success of this eataiblilet, t -y be found in the ability, inteyrity and hu iatiitv of those who are pilaice-d at the head of ts affiirs. 'lievy consider it their duty, not oi. y to promote thei peciniary interests of the :0mpanyity, but to advance the general wel'fare of he oliera:ites. While other Manufiact urinr onm panies, at thle South have imported their Superintendents and overseers from tle North rn States., and ihiced them as taskmasters over sur, people, have paid io attention to tle morals ind comfiort of the operatives and have given milt little entiiuragemenit to nitive enterprie tiud oative talent, the Uraniteville Company has :wer displIved a dispo.iaion to foster and en ourare a spirit of enterprise and industry itmioiigst our citizens, and w.,enever native talemt ms been developed, it has by them been pro noted aid rewarded. lit so doing their efforts have beet attended vith abiidait success, while those who have mrsued a dillerent policy, have invariably fiiled ai their elforts to render their establishment >rofIitable. lit the Granileville fi etory we believe that all lie overseers. with tile exception of two :ire na ives of this State, aid the others are fron Eng and, and are imei or ability and character. inoiig the native uverseers we will name .\1r. \lartii llook, who is a native of LexingtoII )ist rict. Mlr. look is throuIlly nelai lted 'ith the Manifacturies of cotton gooads, and ,tlnds very high in the estimnation of the Cuim N'u eiternrise can fiil when it is condneted v such ieni .s William Gregg, James M.\lt ,omery, John J. Sentell ni B. C. Ilard, who io v stand it the heid of aflkirs in Graniteville. File graid secret of their success lies in the iigi stimdard of morality which they have main. .iied, the means of iiitellecttal improvemeilt .vbich they' ha~ve estaiblislhed and cherished, andh hie unremciitttig care an id attention whl i thbey 1:1e at al1l tim es paid to the genueraul welltrue an d >rospcriiy of the opheratives. 'lThe fate of stmi :ir enterprises, whlen compared with thle history if G raniiteville, presents au beautiful illutstrat ion .f the ill a:xioim that ini ai lie vauried deparit nen.~ts of humantii I le, moraiity temperatnce anid tidustry are aull essential to the~ hapipiniess weathd odic prosperity of the plei. Snecess to thle G raniteviile 31aieii trinhg 'omnpany. Savis'; SWEE~T POTATO YINEs FoHi SEED. A. P. St roibel sends to9 the Georgia Th.elegrapht te folhowinig: ." Sweet potato vinies may be sae ud duritig the winter, anid used the follonwinig srintg iiinhropagatinig a niew erop. I have tried the expieniit during this year, to myi) entire sati,,fictiont. linth tidi al (alny time before frost) theu vinie tuy lie cut ini :any contvenienit lentgthI, :tid plaiceid iin hayers, on the surfitwe of the eairtht, to the depth of twelve or eighiteen iniches, cover the viines wvhilest daimip, w ith partially rot1ted straiw, (cithecr pitie or wheat will alnswer) to the :epth of six inches, antd cover the whole wvith ai liht soil about four inchtes cheep. In this wiay thie vines will keep durnog thle wvinter, atnd in thte sring they wilIliput out sprotuts its abundiiant ly is the potato itself wihuen bedded. Thie drawis or sprouts can be planted irst, aind the vine itself can be subsequently~ cult anud used as we generaly'plaint ships. This expierimnent is wotr th the coibiderationt of farmers, as it will sav'e a great maiiy seed potautoes, (particulirly oin lrge plantaitions) which cain be used for feedinig. Let everv tinirmer, however, ma:ke the experiment fr himiielf, and be govened by the reauit." YANKE!E DooDLE.-In the sunmmner of 1775, the British army, undher command of A bereromtlfie, lay encamped on the east batnk of the lludson River, a little south of the city of Albany, aiwaitinig reiniforcemtents oft mnii:iau from the Eastern Slates, previous to marchitig uponi Ticotnderoga. Durinig the month of Junie, these raw recruits pioured into catmp, comnp:imy after compainy, eaich man differently aurmed, and eqtuip-. pedh and acceootred from his neighbor,i and the whiole pre.sentinig such a spectache as was never equalled, unless by time regiment of merry Juack Falstaff. Their out re appearance furnrished great, amusenment to the British otlicers. One Dr. Shackbnrg, ani English surgcon, composed the tunte of Yankee Doodhe. and arranged it to words. which were gravely dedie-uted to the new recruits, Tlhte joke took, n'd the tune hats come downt to this daty. SUnirtus WH~EAT tN INDIANA.-A correspon dent of the Oswego Times, writing froum La port, Indiannia, says that fromt 6,000 to 7,000 bushels of wheat per day are being received ait that place, and that there cannot be lessu thani $1,000,000 worth of surplus gratin matrketed it that country during the presenit season. A LITTLE FAnRM WELL TrILLED.-Th le Motn treal H-erald gives the followinig, as thu total produce of a Farm comprising sixty-three aceres of land in the town of Bomansville, Catnada West: WVheat, 1,600 bushels: Oats, 250 bush. els; Batrley', 300 bushels; Potatoes, 1,0(00 busht els; Carrots, 300 bushels; Tunips, 5,500 bttsh els. Total, 8,950 bushels. Spring whieat yiel INTERNAL IMROVEMENTS AND THENEXT LEGISLATURE. Ve pursue the discus-ion of the Sparilan's attack on the Blue Ridge Railroad, and we eal not help remarking here, that our cottpeporary has shown a dikposition to pick ip imperfect information and una Ut henticatid statmints, while the full and authuoritative exhibits of the I Company ara passed by. We noticed a glaring instance ot'this in or article of F1idav. Again, the Spu'rlan selects for its comments the I'residett's jre-port at Claytonl, whica was a brief summa ry only of what had been done in relationU ut the Georgia portioin of the Road since the previous meetiia leld at that place, whti:e it mtust, tor ought, o, have seen in thle Charlestoni papers a tull re-port, made to a net. in-g here of thle toekiolders under the South Carolina Char er, in which, repor t is a stat ement of expeitaiture inl detail, accompanied also by the report of the Engineers, andt every infortna tionu necessary to a proper understanding of tLte position anl condition of tie several Compaties. Whi the report to tie Blue Ridge Railroad. under tle Georgi;t Charter, wa d ade at Clay tonl, only a small portion of the Rtad iin Guor gin had becit sub.et, :id io payments hud e Made, so that there htaitig beent no expenditure, exceptl fr Enginleuring, there was, ill fact, no account of expenditure to be furuikhed. Nor Vats it nleCe.sary thtat anythinug sho ud be said abolut lte Cstiuiated cuo,t of that part ot thlie itoad, becatuse that had been twice statil :ilreatdy int the reloirts to the Iwi;iat tre, in l 52 andt 1853. which were pu i,btied, antid which tihe Suir/tan culd hardly have tfailed to see. The Spartan sayts that while the reptort show ed a strong probabiiity of an early ctttpletioni of the road through Teniessee atid Kenttcky, and would conviey the impression that the.e roads were to be conunectedl with tlu ille Ridge, so as to mtake ai great tritik lite between Ciuu einnati anod Chiarle.,ltit), the peoiple of thesee States, who were to own and builh these roads, had declired agaiusut Ihe propre:y of making the Blue Ridge Itailroad aty part of itue rat truintk line tinentitled." Na"w inI all of thi..., statement the Sp;.rtiu is utterly mitaken. It is qIite true that a large tiletiag was held. Mid I comtpItamty fortmeld, to col4rit a road i tthigh tle Cuiberland (a i ;is stated, bt has any s-til Scriiioi t any kind lcen matde to this raad.? te have not leard of iny. The Spartin is wrong alo in statinu. or coive ing th t imrs iau, that tle Kentueky charter was conIin ed to a road to pIss through the Cumberland Gap. Oin the contrary, tlie two parlies titted to ret a charter from LExiutgtaon or P1ris soutl to the Tenntessee fine, mud tie charter p iinits the to pass througrh Cumberland Gap, or Wheeler's Gap, or both, as they Itight clooe: and we state, beyond all fear of contradicinen thImt a eomtpanv hat been formed for the coastritetini, of thue hitear from Kioxville, at the tead of which is V. Sr. Cozu.:, esq. of KnUoxville. Sirvers have bten madle, and toreover re.pee table snbscripations along tie lite Iave be Otlained, ht-avii'g no tiimtner of d.oubt that it wil! be built. .need, a p;trt'y had contreted ii as Was sutijpPosed, for its c-onstruction. but we lerin that it hias uinit been cn:tstmmatedl, owig probabbl to the dillietuhy of tlhe times. Be "it rememlered." tlerefaore, tlint lhe Cunberland Gap is not the aly poi t-a that hast been fixed for passing tle Cuttmberlainid Mountains by tle KentuckyI charter." In estimating t' disthmee he iween Charlesatn and 1lleXH, tI SprItan. :u all oathrs wlom have sh.aw hiostilit v tm the ]lte Itidge Railrod. atsume that the coiimitxion miti. niuecessarily Ie by way t Ctolutiaid: t1d tht. inl tIhe face of the fati thatt the Legislature granted at the Ilst stsian the privilege tat the Gretnvillo Mnd Columtbi 1t.ailroad, to constrtuct a Rtload from : point near New Matrket tat Aiken, and thut every vilort is beint made :tt this timeto tt construlct this Rand. That this Ratad will to built is a matter heyoid doubt, whet her the lue Ridge Railroaid is ever cisttructed tar iot. TheV t teces situis orf all th W tern plartialtn of tie State demand..; it. It i:! alike esential to the intere.tk (f the entire counn- iehw, aunad and ble'yotid New Market, to liw ext ritmi y if' truadte and rvel, its it is to thme Grenitvilte atnd(XiItt C laia Raiload :itand it. is egntally importntl to tthe coutryi~t~ beha~w .\iketn ta, Chltestand uuit, thae entire. Sothti antd Soitthwesternt totionat of the State boauntded lay the Savannahutl Ri ner. Now. by, ~ivat Aikn and th Blua lie Ridge'.. te di-itnce fromtt Chlttestonl to Knttxvil le willI be as ftollaws: Chartlestnal tot A ikeni . - 1 20 ihis. Aikaen tot Atnderson, viat Newt .iarket [14" 13. it. Rtad in SauthI Catrolina - 51jA " Geotr~rgia - -17" ii I. ii N. C~arin - 66 "t it i i~ Tennesseeo - 54 " '1012 mtiles, and ntot 453 miles, as statedl by the aSpar/an. From Kntoxvilleu toa Citncitnati by Whelueler's Gap is 241, atnd firm Knuoxville tat Louisville tabtut 215 toi 220. Sit that te distauneo frmt Charleston In thte pints above nameiid, woutld be respectively' 6-t3 tad 622 miles. iGy Spatrtan burg~, the distanuce betweeni Charlestont anda Ktoxville is said tot be ::07 miles, the sutrv'eys thus far being patial. uand te dishautee conjije t ual; but thent t he 1l iilRiadge route has thte Iinest imable adlvantage of it connecmiti with the Cotl mtines (of l'onlk coauty , andit withI Chitta-n noogau, fromti which sectjin a hiurge bustine'ss ta the oeni, antd itncreatse to thte trade oi thet Sttte is toa be expuected. Atnd its to thte valley of the Ohio, ahlotuh the mapit mttay shouw a shtorter' air hine f'ruom thue Frenuch Broatd, thrtoutgh Cuimbter land Gap to Cinucinntati. yet recenut surveys provte that thte rotute is next ta an imtpoassible ane: anod that whiethuer thte Frencth Iirottlad r the Little Tennessee be selectad foir thet pissuige of' thte Stoky MounttttinsKnotXVIlle mttt ben a poit itt the rouitte ; su t hatt by tie Fretncht Broad. C in inati catnntot be renched undethr 638 miles, tma k img a dlilcerenice tat' otnly 4 miles int favor auf thte a tter, intstead taf 116 til~es its stated by the BRaEADSTUFFS DEI~NNG.-lt is forttinate for poor people tat somnethting is likely to be chteutp. and thue maint articles of conisumrpt io its raooda. Nealy all graides of flotur, satys the New York Advertiser, aire dec.lining, noitwithistan tdinig the seere drouight, atnd the prediction that prices wotld reach .815 a $20 per barrel dunrinig thet fll and winter. Th receipts f'romn thte Satnth and WVest atre rapidly inicrein~tg ; prodinucers, hbav ing becaute pretty well satictid thtat piresentI hgh prices catnunot be suistintedl for anty greut lengtht of timne, are puushinig t'orwaird their stocks with cotnsiderable vigor. There is nto deatnand for export, atnd each suncceedinug stleamuer front Europe confirmns thte impiression, whtiebt has nowtt becme pretty genenrtl, that tnt a single barrel of flour will be wantted fronm thtis cottutry, eitthetr itt Etngland or on the 'ontitnent. The best grades- htave declinetd in Newv York $1 50 per barrel withini a wteek, aund htolders cn only mattke sales by conttinually submitting to lower prices. THlE ExGttstu Cttors.-Theo Etnglistt papers are full of glowing accotttts of' the beautiftul weather aind prosperous harvest. Tlhe whlole land wasR cheered hby the augreeuable intolligencae. re cheap loatf for the cotitnar year was now at thuing certain. "tEvery day's 'sunshinte is set do,,., its w.o..h, .. millin. of pnds." 1R. EDITOR:*-Iin Yours of 21st tilt., you published the first in third numbers of a series of article signed "NQP,:MEmEP." We now en elose second and fo'th of same series, which should have been plblished in- regular order. TIle mistake occurred by our giving you No. 3 in place of No. 2, 11s e intended. MANY CITIZENS. From the C rieton Courier. THE AUGUSVA BRIDGE, No. 2. Tihe flaw in the ile of the city of Augusta, is alleged to beconttd in the de'ed from Judge Earle, to Saimuel l - That deed conveves the lid on which the ble stands front low water mark to Market. s:reea It is said that Fair owned to the middle of tie r. That the State bouiht from Fair all his rin , and that when Judge Earle sold to SamldTull, he retained ite bot tom (' the river. Lawyers say that the b-ottom of ant unna:1v igIble riv r pisses with tile grant tof the adjacent soil, unlems ph iily reserved (Noble vs. Cuninirigham, Melf. 289) and if Judge Earle intended to reserve tft@ bot toin of the river, he shouwd have said so .ipres-ly. Thus the futn dation of the argume nt ermnbles at the first tonh: but f1or the sike of argument let it be enedeted that Judge Earle reserved thie bottom of the river. lie Ilid not reserve tle, abutment, for it seemts that he expres"ly conveyed that,and what is more, receivnd for tait abutnent and strip, (of haool of no- .dntie except in, contection with it, 5.000. Ilowttlen does the State claim the bridge after hatinig sold the abutment? Front thik enquiry thLre is no escape but by a palpable eva-ion. True, say the fientdp of Shnitz, the State sold it to the City i' Atigu'sta, but. they sold it as an altment to tho Bridke, and by r',servinli the ittittom of the River they reserved the BridtIe tierefire the abutmeilt belongs to tie Bridge, atid the Bridge belonizs to the Stile. Henry Shnz was a moniomapine on the subject ol' this riige. After uellinall hl interest,and receiv itt, payment, more than once, and exectlimgt a H elease to the purciasers, he never eeased to rnew his claim in the fiace of his own deeds ad rtpeated jndg'enets of every Court. o which tie ciould carry the cac. People who were led atrv1ay by h:is plassionls, liay be excusable for hilikiig ft tie Staid c.ln treat a contract in this way. flut if lte-State took the Georgiam' mtoney in return for a quibble like this, we momught to have soie polite term to express whiei we speak of the grant, iti idea Iihat is nw convey d by the word - swindling." But Judge I1arper's anbrity is inivoked tow far it ,ustains the friends of Shuliz, in aiming the Bridge for the Szate, we will next No MEMBER. From the Chrleston Courier. THE AUGUSTA BRIDGE, NO. 4. The distiction between a Bridge and a Char ler, is just the smne as that between Whitney's Uoton Gin and WIhitiamy's patent. The ma-hine I the tangible corpi :-&,esibte oboj'et; the pa ent is the privilege enjoyed by the inventor of using that miachine alone. In hicd, a charier is a tatentt. It gives to a man the mole right of ransport ing passengers and mierchaidize iteroms he river for a limited time, ji:.st as if lie had ride it discovery of the art of bridge build:ng, aid had got a hiw to prevent any person u-ig is disciovery w% ithout paying hini for it. Mr. Suii. really lauord under the lelisiotI that lie was art invien: or, or somethinug o100re, aid as he s the firt ntn that had put up a bridge at .\ gusa to stard, lie comieliided, and ca:used a 'reat marny oiple people to believe, that tie had n inualienable anti natural rigWt to the bridge, wib may account for what would otheirwi-e iear to Ie very reprehetsible ini his coidtet. The mistAke of Me.w-rs. Jtiis and Kennedy, s to suoppiose that a man's bridge cannot be made iseof by him nuiltess lie has a1 iatent. It would be ist as reasinable to argtle that if Whitney had oit lwi a pateit, lie would have had141 no rilit to ake motey for li-wing people how to get out their 'ott ly tiimtchinery. In their justilienion, ihose gent lemen claiin for our State half the loll which the city of Ati ust have received since J 848, as if it was an i~a.fuh ihinug for a tian to take toll whten lie has nit cbarter. Th'le distinct ion is betweeni tak inmg t'll whicb beloigs to another, aid taikinig toll to whiebl ito one e'lse has anty caimi. Now it i-, impossible for Messrs. JonesM and Kenedy to produice a case, whtere' a mian has been iro-.ecnted or convicted mere'ly for taking ienl . lie itay be stued for ta.king toil to the im. j ry of a ehia '-tered bridgte. B ut if there be nto biriLe witini~ three mileis, and ant individuoaf will be ati thei exptense of ntiakiing a bridige and ouent ing facil iis t'or t ravel, hie is etiitled to compf en satio front thosse whio use his iimp~roveme nt. A pirivate bridge is expose~d to die competitirn of rivals ; atmd whlat is miore- if somte rival shiould get a eht.trter for his bridge, thte owiner of the riate bridge will ha~ve to give way. TIhie Letgislaito: has htiterto contsidered fiat bridges aind ferries are proper stiects of pritiee ion. It is thiou'.ht that to ensure goop bridges, it is necessary tuo protect the business, anti to prevenit any mtiin frorm competing with the owii r of a charitered bridge, lest lie shtul d fronti t'spetit iotn he a lnser by his efforts to accommno datie the public. But ito oine can finid a ease or ai tut h ority to puttish a man for erecting a bridge for thei pilIie u~e whiere there is iii bridge. The I, Le itutre have a right to protect this seie f ir.dustmry, antd they may grant a chbar te r a hbrid 'e, which like a patenir, exeluodes compept irition t what wvould the putbiic tiink of gi ig"' lr. .lones a pattentt for hia neighbors' it vetont 2 Yet, that is just what they ht~ve done ? T 1hey have givenl )1r. Jonies a ebiarr er, auithiorizinlg hi to take toll for ai bridge belonging to the City of Augusta. In the worst timues of hiistotry, amtoig all lie abuses which disfigure the govertn eit of James tile First, previouts to the cele brated act of Monoipolies, 21. Jnc. 1. call. 3. nou ahne so. wanton as that comitini ted by theo Legis ltire uof Soulth Carinua, in 1853, catn be brought to ight. The act eann otnly be ascribed, to sur irise. It was ptssed against the fornis of the CostItttin, withoutit, thlree readoigs, mt a thin house; on the last nlighit of the' sessiont; and the marvel is, that anty one should be f'ound htardy etough to vi mdiente ani atl, which has foUind its way into the Statute Botok clandestinely, in vi's ltion oif every principle of constitutiontahlaw or privte right. So muche for the law of then casc. As art at tempt is adte to justify this unheard of' violation of tfe ordinary principiles of justice, as a pro eein called for by the policy oif thet State, some rermarks catlled on that fiead will appear in our meXt. No ME3MBER. AN ANSWER R3QUE1ED.-Thle question has been asked why it is consideted impolito for gen themant to go itnto the presence of' hadies in their stirt sleves, wvhilst it is conisidered in every wny correct for the ladies themnselqes to appear before gentlemen without any sleeves at all? A WHiEAT-GRowVtNG COUNTY.-It is estimta ted that the Canatdats will riaise the presenlt seat soi a surplus of 12,000,000 bushels of wheat, which, of course, will look abroad for a matrket. By the new reciproecity treaty provincial grain and flour come into our markets free of duty and upon an equal footing with the productions foi noenwn farrnars. From thu South Carolinian. THE ELECTORAL QUESTION. SWEET SPRisGs, VA., Sept. 3,1854. My DEAR SIR: Your kind letter was forward ed to me at the White Sulphur, but I had no timfe to answer it until now. You Pay, " are you inl avor of giving the elec tion of Electors to the people!' You also say why don't you publish your views?" &c. did not suppose that it was the slightest concern to ary one what my views were, and it might be intrusion to give them. - When the subject was first presented in 1844 or 18415, I was in our State Senate, and I op. poses the change at that time, because there was no interest felt then about it amongst the people of Edgefield, and. the mode of voting which we had adopted from the commencement, had produced no dissatisfaction. Since then a general law has been passed by Congress, fixing the d ry of election before the conritntional meeting of otir Legislature, ren dering it. necessary for us to make some change in our mode of voting. As it is now,it is trust ing too nitrehr to the umere will ot a Governor to call Iln extra session of the Legislature in order to secure our vote in the Presidential election. As long as we are in the Union, our casting Vote might, perchance, be of tie deepest moment to the country, and a corrupt or selfish Governor might place us in a position to cause everlast ing regret. Besides, our constitution has vest ed ill the Governor the right to call an extra ses sionr only in "extraordinary cases," &e., and it might be made : serious question whether to vote merely in the Presidential election, was an "extraordinalry case" contemplated by the con titution. All executive power Ehould be strict ly construed. Here is a case or occasion, aris ing under the regular laws of the United States, perating for years at regular periods, well known to our Legislature, and which it has am ple power to provide for. and it may not be the extraordinary case" which the constitution pre. supposes could not. be provided for, and where it, therefUre, gave the power to the Governor to :all an extra session. Under these circuinstan ess, a case might arise where the Presidential election would turn upon the vote of South Car ulina. If there was such excitement as there was in 1850 or in 1844, when the whrole country was divided into great and bitter parties, not only for per'onal success, but involving great and it:l lrinrciples, we mighrt feel tire dee1) respon ibility of our poiition. On tire success of the Democratie party in 1844 depended the triumph uf great meaures lvinrg at tie foundation of the 'tovernmlent itseif. It is the seizure of tie ex meutive power by fraud or force whieb has cur rupted or overthrown every republic onr earth. if in such issues as those turning solely upon te vote of South Carolina, a question of dispu ted " returns" or disputed I-election" should he made-, whero is tire tribunal to decide it 1 South Carolina, under the power of tire execu tive, calls an extra session of her Legislature to east her vote. The point is nade that the exce utive has no such power, or that tie " extraor dirary ca.se" contemplated by her constitution, did not exist, &c., and that, ilierefore, the reA turns of ier vote shall be questioned. The con stitution of the Unted States provides tzhat on a certain day tire Vice President and Senate shall proceed into the House of Representatives, and there, in tie presence of both houses, shall open thie returns in tire Presidential election. When Souri Carolina is called objection is made to ier returns and her electii, and who shall de ide that, whIen tire decisioni may involve such itre.its as to shake the republic itself ! It is a 1 asris ormissus" in tire conatitution. Upon that restion being made, tie Senate would instant lv retire to its own chamber and decide for it elf, or it would be absorbed by the House. Both bodies would sit it jrdgmrrenrt upon tie question, and if they decided diifeernrtly, it would nd tihe goverrment, or it would be settled by the sword, which would end tie constitution. I rhink we ougrt to avoid plhcinig our belived State in so unpleasant and responsible a posi tiur. As lotig as but two candidates are select ed and run, it is by no means nimpossible that 'astinr vote may depend upon a single State; ind it so, SotthCrrolina would ungnestionrably be thre State selected upon wich to tmarke tire gret barttle for tire seizure of tire executive power of thre reprrblie. Burt, irrdcpenrderrt of all this, I am one of thiose who lirmuly believe that as lrrng as we are inr thre Uiorr, we rundrt to act crordially arnd zealously with tire greatdemiocratic, or rather repu blican, parry of tire cmonrederacy. Th'lere is rno hopejr of ustice or limited cornstructionr of tire federal Lompact without their atid~anrd thrrrtugh their Union. I knrow they harve commnritted errrors, ard that there are farctionrs of that party who have ultra arid di~organizinrg views. Blut with out tire great repeubliean pa:rty, inn its general or aniztion, where would we be ? We must bear with smraller evils to garin greater poinits. It is tre part oh wisdom to bear and forbear in order to sarve whlat may~i be essential, or those great jud vital principles wich, at Ilast, rmust control tire destinry of tis mighrty conrfederac'y. If thre South or thre State shonuld ever de'cideupo OiiSep. aration, that is one thing ; but as long as we are in the Union, we mtrst act faithfully, anrd resort to every fair anrd hronorarble meians to advanco the soud prinrciples of tire constitution. Under ex isting cirecumstances, I aem decidedly aigairrs' iso hiting Southt Carolina fromr her sister States of tire S~ourth, or separattinig lher from tire greart re publicnr party of tire cnfederarcy. I would riot enlist her ini pursurit of tire ofl'rees of' federal power, (I trust'I have always showvn a dilferenrt feeling;) but I would placo her in poisiion to give a cordial arid mainly support to great meni sures, arnd to great party moves in order to se eure and advance those measutres. Unider such ciretumstarnces, I should be in fa vor' of electinrg hrer Electors ats tire others of the other States or tire South do. To settle the gestion now would be ton take a subject of argi tation out of the hands of dermagogues, who will alwas keep it up to un'ee~ut lcal results and marnke party divisions in our State, whrere we should hrave ronre. If it is not given to tire people now, it wil form tihe barsis of' nrgitaition, which mar~y lead to other farr more levelling and serious changes. As to the argumnent that it could affect tire present power of tire loiwer country, I think that view hardly worth considering; for I could never im~gine thrat ainy canrdidarte for the Presidency of tre Uinited States woeuld ever comne out urponr our local interests mierehy. The Parish of St. Luke's rind A nderson District would always vote for a President on nratioinal principles alone, and both periple coerud never be otherwise thain Iden itifed ini great, and leading measures. I cannot, see how it woiuld affect otir distribution of pow er connected with local interests. Whlen the compromiise ini our constitution was nade in 1808, distributing political power in our State, a totally different state of things existed from what, exists nowa. T1hre lower country hard tre wealth anid were then imure generally edtuea ted than tire upper country, and the presumption wis thart, virtue belonged toe education and wealth, and hence threy connected politicatl power with weaith as an expedient of education and sup posed virtue. Btt since then there has been a great change. Our territoriral representation in tire Senate, it was supposed, would guard and protect the ..l...:.. inteest ... our..lave were then principal ly in the parishes. But sinro then our noble College at Columbia, under the berificent pat. ronage of the Stato, has diffused education and general scholastic knowledge into the whole up per country. The academics and other colleges that have bten founded and located in different parts of the upper districts have been deeply felt, and in fact have made education more gen. eral in the upper country than in the lower coun try. They may be more defective in the more general forms of conventional society, but in all the attributes of real information or practical virtue we are certainlv at present not the infe riors of the lower country. Besides, the upper division of South Carolina now actually h:1s more slaves than the lower division. Wealth in lie last twenty-five years has increased far more rapidly in the aggregate in the upper country than in the lower country-the reason the terri torial representation which was originally fixed to guard and protect slaves does not now exist. A Senator from Edgetield, representing, as lie does, 23,000 slaves in as much a guardian of that interest as the Senator from Christ Church parish, who does not represent the one-third of that number. I, therefore, do not even consider territorial representation, as at present fixed, a very vitl point. While I would not disturb it unless sonic more pressing neceesity than at present exists should be urged, and unless with the kindest and most liberal co-operation of the parishes themselves, yet when properly analyzed, I do n't .,ee in it anything very ruinous to any great and real interests. In the progress of events the political power of the parishes might be iuportant to cheek and balance the power of Charleston. A population is fast flowing into that city which in the progress of time may separate it in interest from the landed interests of South Carolina. Every ten years we take a State cen sus, and distribute our local representation ae cording to the increasing wealth (or rather tax ation) and white population of the districts and parishes. Our whole representation in the low er House is fixed by the constitution at 124, 1 believe, and in the Senate at 45, and the former have to be di.,tributed every ten years amongst the districts and parishes according to their tax ation and white popubition. If Charleston goes on to increase and become the great city many desire her to be, she will, under this system, in the next fifty years, absorb the power and repre sentation of the State in the lower House, -and I can at present see no check upon this tendency of things but the parish representation. If you will alter the constitution so as to limit the num ber of representatives to Charleston, say to twen tv, then a different state of thi is would take place. I believe most of the large cities of the Union are thus limited, and there is no reason why they should not be; onl the contrary, there is great reason why it should be. A city popu lation, if very large. soon becomes absorbed in their mere local interests, and, to a great extent, have but; little interest connected with the gen erail taxation of a State. They have a corporate existence and are a body politic themselves, and a representation of twenty can as well represent all thlir corporate interests as a representatton of twice that number. I never want to see the day When the population of CHarlestoa.ehall be 100,000, and under the present provisions of our costitution coming into our State councils with a representatiOn of fifty or sixty, fresh from a stormy and turbulentepopulace, with a forcian feeling infused into them, to dictate law to the farmers and planters of our State. I have thus spoken freely and frankly, for the present generation uumay yet see our beloved State distracted and divided. It is not the part of wisdom to agitato in advance of events. A practical man iust act according to circuustan res as they arise, and according to the necessi ties of the case. All wise political systems are built up from necessity, attd no peoplo can live together in harmony without kind and liberal cuomlproinises. But; there is one priiciple in our constitution which I consider sacred, and not to be touched by any considerations of expediency whatever; an'd that is where it fixes that for every sixty-second part that the taxation of a parish or district bears to the taxation of the whole State, it is entitled to one representativo, and for every sixty-second part that the white population of a district or parish bears to the white population of the whole State, it i enti ted to another representative. I have no cont stitution before moe, and have not read it for years, but believe I state it right. This is the most philosophical and wvise prinlciple that exists in any constitutioni. The other principle of the costitution, wvhich makes it necessary for the State to take its own census atnd ascertauin its taxation every ten years, anid to apportion over anew the representation, makes it a perfect sys tm. It is, in fact, carryinig out the great princi pe of our revolution, of matking representation follow taxation as well as population. It is this which gives perfect protection to property in our State. This in part is the great vital principile of the comtpromise of the constitution in 1808. I trust in God it will never be touched, and that it will stand a~s firmly imbedded in the hearts of our people as the everlasting htill~s upon our soil. This, with universal suffrage, gives population power enough to satisfy its self-respect, and property the conscious power of self-protection. This it is which will make our people ever con servative-guarding their public honor and plighted faith, as they wvould do the virtue of their women. Save this principle, anid no dema gogue with us can ever plunder the people to advance wild schemes of political power. The first speech that the great William Lowndes ever delivered in our Legislature was upon this very principle, embracinig the repre sentation of property and population cotnbined. The whole State had been deeply agitated, and there was a threatened disunion of the State. The lower country denied entlarged representa tion to the upper country. Robert Goodlow Harper had written his powcrftul pamphlet in fa vor of enlarged representation ; and it excited such interest, that I believe he was returned at the same election as a member from Spaurtan burg, and also a member from a parish in George town district, and also a member of Congress from the Edgefield district. He aceepted the lattr, and was afterwards Attorney General of the United States and settled in Baltimore. The Legislature met under the deepest and most bitter exeitement. Govenor Alston, from Georetown, had taken the popular side, and carried several Georgetown parnshes with him. HeI lead off in an eloquent speech, and was fol lowed by william Lowvndes, who in an elaborate speech showed those great traits of purity and wisdom and intellect wvhich afterwards made him one of the first meni of atny age or any eoun try. The epeech produced the pro3foundest imn pression upon all sides, and whetn ho ended there was a kind and compromising inifluence shed throughout the whole house Mr. Abranm Blanding, a very able and ready lawyer, after wards of the greatest eminence, drew that pecu liar amendment in our constitution, giving rep resentation to property and population comn bined, which was adopted and secured a lasting peace, and whi-h I trust will stand forever, anda carry the names of Lowndes and Blanding down to the remotest posterity, embalmed with the most consecrated affection from every South Carolinian. There is a prevalent mistake in our State, which supposes that under this principle slaves are represented. There is no such principle in o... .. ,tit.t:o.. ru, two-thirds of our it es have been invariably raised from s-ve--s (which has been a great error in our policy,) and the amount of that taxation hrs been repre sented ; but the Legislature can at any session change the objects of taxation and raise the rev. enue from other sonrces, and the representationt. would follow the objects thus taxed. They are not compelled to tax slaves at all. If the Leg islature were to tax objects of luxury or expo nents of accumulated capital, which they ought to do, or to tax all houses over $500 in value, the next apportionruent of representatiolt would differ from apportionments where two.thirds of our taxes are raised from slaves. No! the prin. ciple in our constitution is far wider and pro. founder than the narrow one of representation of slaves. * It follows all property-and if we ever should have no slaves, (which I trust will never be the case,) still this wise and profound principle of the constitution would pervade all society, and save us from demagogism, political profligacy and bankruptcy. This noble principle of conservatism lies far deeper than slavery-it was drawn from the deep wells of English liberty. But I must stop. I have trespassed upon you much more than f had any idea of when I commenced this morn ing. True, I have but little to do in public mat ters, but if there is any thing on this earth in which I do feel it deep and anxious interest, it is the wellare and honor of my own home and country. I pray God that no reckless hand lildi innovate or tamper with the interesta of South Carolina, and that those of you who now control her destiny and guide her councils will be animated solely by the spirit of those great and good men who have made us all that we are. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, yours truly, "F. W. PICKENS. To Hon. MR. ORi. PEACE! PEACE ! WHEN THERE IS NO PEACE.' & Let us have perce. We can neartily second the'wish of our ec.emporary of the Baltimore American, that the country possessed some statesman, elevated in' patriotism and command. ing in influence, whose voice could be heard. throughout the land rallying to his aid the con servative majority of all sections, and bidding Northern fanaticism and Southern ultraism, Freesoil aggression and pro-Slavery agitation, alike be still. We are tired of this everlasting commotion about negroism, the Southern people are tired of it, and they vrant peace and quiet, if it can be obtained without the sacrifice of their inalienable rights."-Richmond Whig. We have placed, as a fit heading to the above extract, the venerable words of Patrick Henry, when the peace party of the Revolution were seeking to palliate and avoid the alternative whieh English aggression was forcing upon the colonies. It would really seem, from the re tuarks of the Whig, that the South had been hitherto demanding some thing else besides peace. But when has she ever sought more? When has she ever aimed at depriving the North of a full equality in all the advantages of the Union? Wht is so flsAlytrumpettedas"lave aggression," is nothing more than the effort of the South to progress int wealth and power equally with the North, maintain her just*ih in the councils of the nation against the schemes of abolition, and to gather, by fair means. suffi cient strength to protect herself-in the Union, if possible, and out of the Union, if necessary. The Whig wishes for some statesman, whose influence would be able to control the conflict of parties, and give tranquillity to the country. It is a hopeless and futile wish. If the united in iluence of Calhoun, Clay and Webster, was insufficient for these things at an earlier stage of the controversy, who can hope that mightier men will arise to sav it now? The man who canl, in the present s-pect of Northern politics, discover any -ymptou of peace, reads the stars with clearei eyes, and a wore hopeful heart, than we are favored with. Every convention which sits, every move taken, betokens agitation in a more virulent form. Does not the Whig see thisu? Is not the party to which it has been so long and zealously attached, gono over to the enemies of the South? The cry for peace, therefore is as little suited to the times and enerencies as it is without a chance of success. rTe South has not obtained it thus far, with all her eloquent pleadings for justice. and the safety of the Union. And she will never obtain it by such means. The only peace she will ever have will be won by her own vigilance and firmness. Charleston Mercury. MILrTnu TaAiNIN.--Our South Carolina apostle of temperance, the Hon. Judge O'Neall, in writing to the Temiperance Standard, expres ses thte following opinion of the prevalent mili tary system. " Before I go further, I trust that!i may, with out offence to the powers that be, be indulged in a remark or two in reference to militia train ing. Some yet remain who will remember that I passed fourteen years of the prime of my life in every grade (except that of.mxajor) from cap tain to major general in the militia service. My experience then, and my observation since, con firms me in the belief that musters are useless, and worse than useless. No one ever heard of any one being properly trained by militia mus ters. But I mainly object to the system on ac count of drunkenness, bhsphemy, and fighting, to which it gives birth. The late review s in this district, if!I am rightly informted, have been signally marked in these respects. At one of them. I, understood that a temperance man was so abused by one of the whiskey-loving mnen, that at last "his ancestral Irish blood could not bear it, and he thrashed the man of the spirit land to his heart's content. So mote it be." A Lr HUSBAND AYI A LirmE WiE. The Sandusky Register is responsible for this: Two little children-a boy and a girl-aged four and three years respectively, were missed by their families, and search made everywhere for them, but in vain. The day passed, and consid erable alarm existed. Persons were out in all directions, and the bell-ringer had been sent for when passinlg a thicket of bushes in the garden, the mother thought she heard low voices near. Pnling away the leaves, there were the truants with their night clothes on, locked in one anoth er's arms, and very comfortably stowed awvay for the night. The precocious lovers were stirred from their nest, but the boy expressed the ut most indignation; "for," said he, "the hired man had married me and sissy, and that bush. house was his'n, and they were agoing, to live there till it rained." The'denounetiment so comi.. :al that it was concluded to let the babies be married until they had a falling out, which oc curred the next day, and now they live apart-a separated man and wife. IMFORTANT TO TiHE HEIRS oF TmoSE Wwo FELL AT THlE ALAMO, TaxAuS.-It is stated that there is.due the heirs of those men who fell with Travis, at the Alamo, and with Fanning, at the maassecre of Goliad, the following quantity of and,/viz: To married men, 4.605 acres as a bendright, 1,920 acres bounty, 640 acres as do nation-total 7,165 acres. Unmarried men, I, 47 acres headright, 1,920 bounty, and 640 4 nation-total 4,036. THE END OF THE oE)LD.-The Millerd have been holding a series of meetings at S euse, N. Y. and have now fired on the 19 0 May, 1855, as the day when the world will posi-. tiely comen to an end.