WIe will cling to the Pillars of thec Temple of our Lilberlies, and If it must fall, we will Perish amidst the Ruins."
W. F. DURISOE, Proprietor' EDGEF-LIELD, S. Or, DECEMB~E 15, 1852. -L VI---- -0.
drhct Vndrij.
[Fromt the Palmetto Sentinel.]
A WIFE WANTED.
Ye fair ones attend, I've an (offering to muake you,
In Ilynen's soft banns, I at anxious to :ve,
Fur better, for worse, a compatnitm I'd take me;
Provided she fills the deeseriptton I give.
I neither expert nor eim oIpe ft.r a per.retion,
For that never was in a baelielor's lot :
But, chos-sing a wife, I wiamhl nmake a soelection,
Wh:eh fnalny in nly Stuation would tot.
I'd have, let tme s.-e-l' nwtliave a beauty,
For beaut ful women are apt to be vain,
Yet wtht a sniall share, I wonttl term it a duty
To take her, be thatkful. and never comilain.
Her forn must be gis.1, no art to constrain it,
And rather above, than below nidie s:ze,
A Notne thing-:t puzzles my bra:n to exilain it,
I.ike eloquent language must flow from her eves.
She must be well bred, tor I ennul1 not respect her,
(;oodi if itured aUd ml.,Jest, hut not very coy ;
14-r m:nd well inifornd, 'tis the purified nettar,
That sweeten's the cup of ly:nAeaAI joy.
Her hoane shie uitist love, an doniestic employment,
Have pract:eal kniowleJ- of lUselaold afk'r.,
And make it a liart of her higliest enjioyaeat
To lessen the tails of lny life and its cares.
IHer ag, I would have it at least to be twenty,
But nut to exceed twenty-five at tie tost,
An I the girls of that age being everywhere plenty,
I hope to get one of that utunerous host.
No fortun- I ask, for I've no predilretion,
For glittering sp~lurge, nor the pattp of high life ;
But wish to be bound by the cord of afleetion
An. n.w I have drawn you a sketch of a wi''e.
If any posies tihe above requisition,
And wi-h to b., bounmd ,y the coajig:-.1 ioinn,
They will please to step forwaril-tl--y know the
condition -
Inquire of the printer-'m always on hand.
From the Star Sp11anglel Ianer.
I PART FRO2 TEE, DEAI NATIVE HOME!
I part fro-n thee, .lear tative iome,
But oh mily heart's not mnine,
For. thoughi f:r fronm thwe I roarn,
1Dear spot, tny h<-art is thine!
Hark ! throu~th the jeepening gluom I ltear
On whispering winds the village bell,
FiA on, flow ot! ttou lintering tear,
Sweet hope, it is thy knell.
Dark is my path-n gloonty v-il
I lides frotn my view the dawnin; morrow
It catnnot smothe my ratnkling srrw ;
When far front thee, dear natve home,
New scentes tmy hetart would celter
I'll turn front them and weep alone,
For you, tny af!, a tear.
I feel tht.- pangs. the soul-felt grief,
Tihat teari nay fitart in twain
The anigiish, as a home I leave,
I ne'er tnay see again !
Such is toy sorrow-such mly thught
Tio keen th-se pangs wousil be,
If froin this earth. Almighty God,
I could not look to thee!
A SAFE BET.
ABorT tite titme of tine first influx of im
migration into California, a little scene oc
eurred on the steamer Tennessee, during'r I
one of her upward cruises itn the 1Pcific
ocean, which we do not remember or seeing
itn pritnt, but ever publlished or niot, will, we
think, bear repeamting.
One of these moral fungiL on society in
general parlantce by the'sonbhrignect of "bllack
leg's," had spreatd a temptinag hait, itn the
wvay of a little faro, before at protmiscuousi
assemblage (of suckers, lootsiers, Bucekeyves,
Cornerneckers, &c., whlo were otn their way
way to the New El Dorado. Among the
nttmners was a sturdy Kentuckiant whto itt
hutmable sutit or htomtespunt, stood watchinig
the game writh initerest.
hlere old teller, I lost a temn, that timuie,
and here's the montey."
" low is that," exelaimed the shtarper, " I
saw yott make nto bet ?"
" Well you see, I sez to nyself, sez I, that
jack's beetn an uncomnmotn tucky keard, a
dod darn mty pieters, ef I don't bet at ten ott
it ; so thte pesky jack lost, and you've got
mtr tmnoney.
Tinkinig lhe had picked tip a green horn,
.the gaamble-r gave a sly winik att thme fe~w
"koanwintg ones," whto eneireled him, antdI
wvent ont with the gamse.
Mter a fewu (deaks, our cornt cracker stsmck
ed his fist emphatticatlly otn thme table, atnd ex
claimed :" Dod rabbit it, thar goes anmother
'sa w-buck,' on the plaguey jack, here take
it old horse fly."
With, ani illisttppressed grin of satisfatction
the sharper took the motney, and added it to
thme rapidly growitig ptile before him.
In duie course of time, the jack came tip
triumphanit, andl~ otur yeomtan, jumipintg tup
nearly to the ear intes, cracked his heels to
gethmer atnd exclauimed:
" By G-d, 1 trongflfy that time ; so fork
up you lovely old cuss you."
The "sell" was so evident, that the gain.
bler hadl nothinig ekse to do thtan to paty the
miontey with the remtark thatt " the next tinme
thte Kentuckian madie a het, lhe wa~nted him
to putt thne money downt."-Cinciati Coum
muercial.
TUE followinig rich scente recenttly occur
red itn one of our cons of juistice het ween
the judge and a Dutch wvitness all the way
from Ilotterdam:
Jud~ge-hat~t is your native latngtuage?
Witness-I lbe tto ttntive, l'se a Duttchtman.
J.-What is your mothmer tongue ?
W-Oh, fader says she be all tongue.
J.-(ins an irritatble tte)- W hat lanuaige
did you speatk in thte cratdle?.
W.-I did niot speak atny hangniage it the
cradle at all, I onily eried in Doochi.
" YocNG nman, dho you knsow whtat rela
tions you suistain in this world !" said a
minister of our acquaitntar.cc to a youtng
man of the church. " Yes, sir," said the
htopefual convert, " two cousimns and~ a gratnd
motther, btut I don't intend to sustam themt
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE,
No-r having room to give the Message of
President FILLMOnEs in full, we have taken
the trouble of reading it closely, with the
purpose of selecting such extracts as might
occur to us as being of greatest interest.
The sum and substance of the rest we give
in our own lIaguage as briefly as possible.
With all due respect for his Presidential
Highness we must premise our extracts by
saying that the very first short sentence we
meet with, is an utter mistake. A more "ex.
traorditnary political event" than PIERCE's
alost nanimons elevation to the Presideni
cy, involving (as it has done) the entire
overthrow of the Whig Party, has not per.
haps occurred since the R1evolution. Ap.
propriate brevity characterises the remaining
portion of the exordium.
Fellow. Citi:ens of the Senate
and House of Represenitatires:
The brief space which has elapsed since
the close of your ist Session has been
marked by no 7extraordina.iy political event.
The quadrennial election of Chief magis
trate has passed off with less th:an the 1sn:al
excitement. [lowever individu:ds and par
ties may have beem disappointed in the re
sult, it is nevertheless a riubject of national
colgratulationi th:at the choice has beenl ef
rected by the indeipen'dent suifrrages of a free
people, undisturbe4 by those influences
which in other countries have too often af
fected the purity of popular elections.
Our grateful thanks are due to an All
inerciil Providence, not only for staying
the pestileice whih in difli-rent forms has
desolated some of our cities, but For crown
ing the liaors of the husbandnan with an
ahanadanit harvest, and the nation generally
with the blaessings of peace and jrosperity.
Within a ti-w w-eks the public mind has r
been deeply afTected by the death of Daniel
Webster, filling at his decease the office of
Secretarv of Stale. His associates in the
Exeeutive governmenvt have sincerely sym
pathized with his fainiy and the public gen
erally on this mournful occasion. 11is com
manding talents, his great political and pro- C
fessional eminence, his wiell-tried patriotism,
and. his long and faithful services, in the c
nnst important public trusts, have caused
his death to be lanm-nted throughout the
country, and have earned for him a lasting
place inl our history.
-Mter this. rfllos a paragraph or two
nlhout the Fisierius. ThaT e retC
ty between our Government and England in
this matter has been terminated every news
paper reader knows. The 1-residenit anti
cipates that the remaining points at issue
wvill lie settled amicably dur-ig the ensuing
w inter.
In reference to Cula, the Message con
tains the following statement and opinions:
The afTairs of Cuba formed a prominent
topic in my last annnal message. They re
main in, ani uneasy condition, and a feeling
of alarm and irritation on the part of the r
Cub:an anthoities appears to exist. This 1
fe'eling has interfered with the regular coin
mereial intercourse between the Utnited I
States and the i2land, andl led to some acts I
of which we have a right to complain. But
the Capt;ain G ener-al of Cuba is clothed with i
no0 poawer to treat with foreign goveruunents,i
nor is lie ini any deg-e uindera the control of I
the Spaanish Minister at Washington. A~ ny 1
comnmunaicatioan wvhich lie may hold witha an
geiit of a foreigni pow'er is informal and
matter of courtesy. Anxious to put ian cnd I
to the existing inconveniences, (which seem I
to rest on a isconceptioii,) I directed the
newly appointed Miniisteir to Mexico to visit
Havanai, on his way to V7erat Cruz. He w-as
re'spettlly received by the Captain Geni
eral, who conferred with him freely on the
recent oceurrences; but no permanent ar
rag!emienit was effected.
In the mnean time, the refusal of the Cap
taini Ge~neral to allow passeiigers and the
mail to lie landed ini certain cases, for a rea
son which does not furnish in the opinion of
this Govei-rnment even a grood presumptive
grouind for such a prohibaition, has been
made thae subject of a serious remonstranlce
at M:id d; and I have no reason to dloubit
that due respect will be paid by the gov
eriim-nt of Her Catholic Majesty to the
repetsentations which our Minister has been
instructed to make on the subaject.
It is but justice to the Captain General to
add, that his conduct towar-ds the steamers
employed to carry the mnai~s of the United
States to Havana has, w~ith the exceptions
aove alludeid to, been marked with kind
ness and liberality, and indicates no0 general
purpose of interfering with the commercial
corespondenice and intercourse between the
island and this country.
Early in the presenit year oflicial notes
werec reec-ivedl from thle Ministers of France
and England, inviting the Government of
the United States to become a party with
Great Britain and France to a tripartite
Convention, ini iirtue of which the three
powers should sever-ally and collectively dis
claim, now and for the future, aull intentioni
to obtain possessioii of the Island of Cuba,
and should bind themselves to discoun te
naic all attempts to that effect on the part
of any power or indlividual whatever. This
invitation has heen respectfully declinied, for
reasons which it would occupy too mueh
space in this communication to state in dei
tail, but which led me to think that the pro
posed measure would be of doubtful con
stttoaiy, impolitic, adunavailing. I
have, however, ini common withu several of
my paredecessors, directed thie- Ministeirs of
France :and England to lbe assured that the
Uited States entertinu no designs against
Cubau; but that, on the contrary, I should
regard its incorporation into the Union at
the present time as fraught with serious
peril.
Were this island comparatively destitute
of inihabitants, or oecnpaied lby a kindred
rac., I shonul regard it, if voluntarily ceded
by Spain. as a most desirable acquisition.
But, under existing circumstances, I should
look upon its incorporation into our Union
as a very hazardous measure. It would
bring into the Confederacy a population of
a di1'erent national stock, speaking a differ
ent language, and not likely to hannonize
with the other members. It would probably
affect in a prejudicial manner the industrial
interests of the Sounth; and it might revive
those conflicts of opinioi between the dif
ferent sectiois of the country, which hitely
shook the Union to its centre, and which
have been so happily compromised.
After this, the Preident goes on to Speak
of the projected ship-canal across the Isth.
mins of Suez, to which it seems Costa Rica
and tihe Mosquito Indians have assented,
while Nicaragua still staids aloof, vith such
graduailly rel:xing sternness however that it
it hoped she will also soon be imn a consent
ing moo.l.-Venezuela is said to have ac
knowledged some chims of our citiens
'Tlie tew Confederacy of States in South
Amlilerica is to be approached by our Minhis.
er and Charge dkrairs in that section on
he subject of Commercial privileges, and
t is hoped tie extensive conutries upon the
La Pata will soon be opened to our trade.
To the treaty with Uruguay there is the
-6llowing brief allusion:
A treaty of commerce has been conclu.
led between the United States and tle Or
mtal Republic of Uruguay, which will be
aid before the Senate. Should this Con
'enlioll go into operation, it will open to the
:ommiercial etelt(rprise of our citizens a coun
ry of great extent and unsurpassed in natu
-;l resotIrCes, hut from which foreign nations
lave hitherto been aliost wholly exclnded.
The title of Peru to the Lobos Islands is
fted as being now beyond a doubt. Am
>le apology has been made for the wrong
lone her by our shippinlg. She is disposed
1 be frieIldly and to give us facilities in thei
.11,1no trade.-The account of our Pacifc
>rospects is interesting. We give it entire.
Our settlements on the shores of the Pa
:ifie have already given a great extension,
d ill some respects a new direction, to our
omnmerce in that ocean. A direct and ra
Jduly.iniereasinmg intercourse has sprong up
vith Eastern Asia. The waters of tie
iorthern Pacific, even into the Arctic sea,
iave of late years been frequented by our
halemen. 'he application of steam to the
riCeq .4 uro8 ose jfnavigation is.booming
aily more common, and mliINsIr
o obtain fel and other necessary supplies
it convenient points on the route between
bla and ouir Pacific shores. Our unfortu
ate coluntrymein who from time to time
uuffer shipwreck on the coasts of the eastern
as are entitled to protection. Besides
hese specific objects, tle general prosperity
f our states on the Pacific requires that an
ttempt should lie made to opell the oppo.
ito regions of Asia to a imuttially beneficial
terourse.
It i.< obvious that this attempt could be
nade by no power to so great ajdvantage as
Iv the United States, whose constitutional
istem excludes every idea of distant colo
ial dependencies. I have accordingly been
ed to order an apopropriate naval force to J.
lan, minder the command of a discreet and
iteligeiit oficer of the highest rank known
o our service, lie is inst rueted to endeavor
o obitain f'rom thle government of that coun
rv some relaxationi of tile inhlospitable and3(
nti-social systeml which it ha~s pursued for
libolt two cenituries. lie has been dlirectedi
):rtiularlyV to remnstrate in the strongest
anguage algatnst tihe cruel treattment to which
tr shipwrecked mairi ners have often been
ubjeted, anmd to insist that tiley' shall be
rented with humanlliity. He is inlstructedl
lowever at the sameC time to give that gov
!tiramen't the amiphest assurnmces thalt the ob
ects of the United States ar'e snehl and such
lly as I have indicated, and1( thazt tihe expe
hition is frienldly and peaceful. Notwith
Itadinlg the jealousy with which tile govern.
nents of Easternl Asia re'gard all overtures
-rom1 foreigners, I ala not without hopes of a
>eneficial result of thle expeditioni. Should it
> crowned with success, thle adivanitag~es
*ihllnot be c2onfinled to the United States,
ut, as in thle case of China, will be equally
nioed hlv all thle othler marflitimle powers.
hi'tve mnlch satisfaction ini statinlg that ini
ill thle stepls preparatory to tis e'xpeLditionl
Ile Governimenlt of the~ United States has
>een1 materially aided by the good oli-em's
>f tile King of the Nethlerlanlds, the only En-1
-opean power hlaving aniy comm~lercial reila
:irons with Japani.
TIhe Treasury, after paying the expenidi
1mmes of thle fiscal year eniiniig Junie 30th
rd( a port ion of tihe Publie Debt (incuding
hie last instalmuenlt to Mexico) had fourteen
niliols left. During thme same time theO
cuntry has imiportedh to the amount of $207
M,01, and has exported to thme amounit
sf $107,000,000, besides $12,000,000 of
pecie. The miessage next mahlintints theO
necessity of a moderate discriminating TariffT
for protection, reiterating the old arguments.
It then recommlends that duties be levied
accordinig to tile val ue of mercebandise inl
our ports, not, as now', accordinlg to thle es
timate at the place of shlipment. Th~e main11
reason for this is to prevent fraud by false
invoices.-Ctnommo humanity backs tile fol
lowing sulggestionl ill reference to our In
dian aflair:
TIhe Senalte not having thlough~t proper to
ratify the treaties whieb 1had( beeni negotiated
w1ithl the tribes of Indians in Calhifommia and11
Oregon, our relaftionls with them have been
left i a very umnsatisfalctory conlditionl.
In other piarts ofomur territory partictular
districts of country have been set apart for
tle exclusliv'e oeenpaItion of' tile Indians, and
their right to the lands withinu those limits
hs beemn acknowledged and( respected.- But
il Calfornia and 0 regon thlere has been 1no
.. .cgilimol by thme Governlmnt of the ex
elusive right of the Indians to any part of the
country. They are. therefore mere tenants
at sufferance, and lhible to be driven from
place to place, at the pleasure of the whites.
'he treaties whie h have been rejected
proposed to remedy this evil by allotting to
the diff'erent tribes districts of country suita
ble to their habiti of life, and sufficient for
their support. This provision, more than any
other, it is believed,led to their rejection,
and as no substitute for it has been adopted
by Congress, it has not been deemed advisa
lIe to attempt to enter into new treaties of
a permaneut character, although no effort
has been spared by tnmporary arrangements
to preserve friendly relations with them.
If it be the desire 6f Congress to remove
them from the country altogether, or toas.
sign to them particular districts more remote
from the settlements of the whites, it will be
porper to set apart 6y law the territory wvhich
they are to occupy, and to provide the nieans
necessary for removini, them to it. Justice
alike to onr own citizens and to the Indians
reqnires the promptgaction of Congress on
this subject.
From facts knowr to the Government, a
general emigration of the Seminoles is pro.
mised at an early d4y.-The report of the
General Land office shows that near five
millions of acres of the public domain have
been disposed of within the last fiscal year,
in the way of sales location of land war
rants,&c. For internal improvements, three
muilions of acres haie been appropriated.- I
The survey of the ;territory acquired from
Mexico is not yet completed, the work hav.
ving been stopped from some deficiency in
the provision made by Congress for defray
ing the expenses thereof.-Several improve
ments of the Distridt of Columbia, snch as
a supply of water, nving the streets &c.,
are recommended bi Congress, under whose
special care that histrict is.-Out of our
army of 11,000 meb, 8,000 have been em
ployed in protectin our frontier, which they I
have done with g tiying success.-lt is
urged upon Texas t.' set apart a small por
tion of her vast ter tory, for the occupancy
of the Indians withi her borders, to prevent
animosities which 34ould prove troublesome i
to the General Go rnment.-Some appro.
priation is recomm ded for fortifications on
the Atlantic. cons Additional appropria.
tions will be requi for the completion of
ealdg rbor.<maet- I
ment di le
marks upon our Ni"Val af'airs are not with.
out interest :
The report from the Navy Department
will inform you of the prosperous condition
of the branch of the public service commit
ted to its charge. It presents to your con
sideration many topics and suggestions of t
which I ask your approval. It exhibits an
unusual degree of activity in the operations
of the Deptartieint during the past year.
The preparati.,ns for the Japan expedition, to
which I have already alluded; the arrange.
ments made for the exploration and survey r
of the China Seas, the Northern Pacific, and t
lkchring's Straits; tihe incipient measures
taken towards a reconnoisance of the conti.
ient of Africa eastward of Libemia ; the pre.
paration for an early examination of the tri.
btaries of the River La Plata, which a
recent decree of a provisional Chief of the
Argentine Confederation has opened to na
vigation; all these enterprises, and the means
by which they are proposed to be acczom
pished, have commanded my full approba
ion, anrd I hav'e no doubt will be productive
of the mxost useful results.
Two officers of the navy were heretofore
instructed to explore thre whole extent of the
Amazon river from the confines of Peru to
its mouth. Thlie return of one of them has I
placed in the possession of the Governmentt
an interesting and valuable account of' thei
character and resources of a country abound-'
ing in the materials of commerce, and which,
if opened to the industry of the world, will
prove an inexhaustible fund of wvealth. The
report of this explorationi will be cnmmutni
cated to youi as soon as it is completed-.
Among other subjects offered to your no
tiee by the Secretary of the Navy, I selecti
for special *omnmendation, ini view of its <
connexion with the interests of the navy, the
plan1 submitted by hinm for the establishment
of a permanent corps oh seamen, anid the I
suggestions he has presented for the re-or
ganization of the Naval A cademy.
In reference to the first of these I take
occasion to say that I think it will greatly I
improve the efficiency of the service, and
that I regard it as still more entitled to fav'or
for the salutary influence it muust exert upon<
the naval discipline, now greatly disturbed
by tho increasing spirit of insubordination, 1
resulting from our presenlt system. Thel i
plani proposed for the organization of thei
seamen furnishes a judicious substitute fori
the law of September, 1850, abolishing cor
poral punishment, and satisfactorily sustains
the policy of that act, under conditions well
adapted to maintain the authority of comn
mand, amid the order- and security of our ships.
It is believed thamt any change wich propo
ses permanently to dispense with this mode
of punishment, should be preceded by a sys
tem of eulistmnent which shall supply thme
navy with seamen of the most meritorious
class, whose good deportment arid pride of
character may preclude all occasion for a
resort to penalties of a harsh or degrading
nature. TIhc safety of a ship and her crew
is often dependarnt upon immediate obedience
to a command, and the authority to enforce
it must be equally ready. The arrest of a
refractory seaman, in such moments, not
eonly deprives the ship of indispensable aid,
but imposes a necessity for dlouble service on
others wvhose fidelity to their duties may be
relied upon in such an emergency. Thle
exposure to this increased and arduous labor,
since the passage of the act of 1850, has
already haid, to a most observable and irnju
inns extent, the effect of nrm-nting the en
listment of the best seamen in the navy.
The plan now suggested is designed to pro
mote a condition of service in which this
objection will no longer exist. The details
of this plan may be established in great part,
if not altogether, by the Executive, under
the authority of existing laws; but I have
thought it proper, in accordance with the
suggestion of the Secretary of the Navy, to
submit it to your approval.
The establishment of a corps of appren.
tices for the navy, or boys to be enlisted un
till they become of age, and to be employed
under such regulations as the Navy Depart.
ment may devise, as proposed in the report,
I cordially approve and commend to your
Donsideration ; and I also concur in the sug.
gestion that this system for the early training
if seamen may be most usefully engrafted
upon the service of our merchant marine.
The receipts of the P. 0. Department are
less by $1,431,000 than in the preceding
iscal year, owing to the reduction of post.
ige. The President still recommends an
idhesion to the late law.-The next long
iaragraph enumerates the various things to
vhiclh President Fillmore has called the at
:ention of Congress in former messages, but
which Congress has not thought proper to
ict upon. and concludes by recommending
hem again and for the la.t time.-Then
omes an allusion to the Cabinet and the
langers of corruption, which we give as
)eing decidedly good:
I think it due to the several executive De
)artments of this Government to bear testi.
nony to the elliciency and integrity with
vhich they are conducted. With all the
-reful superiitendamice which it is possilble
or the heads of those departments to exercise
till the due administration and guardianship
if the public mioney must very much depend
mi the vigilance, the intelligence, and fidelity
>f the subordinate officers and clerks, and
specially on those entrusted with the sett)e
nent ani adjustment of claims and account.
am gratified to believe that they have gen.
rally performed their duties faithfully and
ell. They are appointed to guard the ap
iroaches to the public treasury, and they oc
upy positions that expose them to all the
emptations and seductions which the cupid.
ty of peculators and fiandulent claimants
an prompt them to employ. It will lie but
wise precaution to protect the Government
gainst that source of mischief and corrup
ion, as far as it can be done, by the enact.
aent of all proper legal penalties. The
ws, in this respect, are supposed to be de.
v- d .thereror.Aeem it-my,duty to
a y6ur-atention to e sue, ande t
ommend that provision be made by law for
he punishment not only of those who shall
ceept bribes, but also of those who shall
romnise, give, or offer to give to any of those
ficers or clerks a bribe or reward, touching
r relating to any matter of their oflcial ac
ion or duty.
The remaining portion of the message
ve append without mutilation. Many of
lie reflections contained therein are just
,nd the tone is good. As the parting admno.
ition of an American President it merits
he attention of every American citizen.
It has been the uniform policy of this
lovernment from its foundation to the pre
ent day to abstain from all interference in
be domestic anfliS of other nations. The
onsenence has been that whlile the nations
,f Europe have been engaged in desolating
ars, our country ha~s pursued its peacefl
ourse to uniexamlhed prosperity and hap.
iess. The wars in wvhich we have been
ompeled to engage, in defence of the
ights amid honor of the country, have been
rtunately of short duration. During the
errific contest of nation against nin,
rhichi succeeded thme French revolution, we
vre eniabled by the wisdomn and firmness of
'resident Washington to maintaini our neuo
rality. Whlile other niatiomns were drawn
ito this wiide sweepinlg whirlpool, w~e sat
iiiet and uiinoved upo~n our own shores.
Vhile the flower of their numerous armies
vas wasted by disease or perished by hun
res of thousands upon thme battle-field, the
outhi of this favored land wvere permitted
enjoy the blessings of peace beneath the
aternal roof. While the States of Europe
incurred enormous debts, under the burden
f which their subjects still groan, and
chi must absorb no small part of the pro
luct of the honest industry of those coon
ries for gencrationis to come, the Umnited
tates have once been enabled to exhibit thme
iroud spectacle of a nation free from public
ebt; and, if permitted to pursue our pros.
ierons way for a few years longer in peace,
ye may do thme same again.
But it is now said by some that this poli
y must lie changed. Europe is no longer
eparated from us by a voyage of months,
mt steam navigaioni has brought her with
n a few days' sail of our shores. We see
nore of her movements, and take a deeper
nterest in her controversies. Although no
ne proposes that we should join the frater
ity of potentates wvho have for ages lavish
ed the blood and treasure of their subjects
mintaining " the balaiice of power," yet it
s said that we ought to interfere between
,ontending sovereigns and their subjects,
or the purpose of overthrowing the mon
irehies of Europe and establishing in their
~lace republican institutions. It is alleged
.hat we have heretofore pursuedh a different
~onrse from a sense of our weakness, but
hat now our conscious strength dictates a
hange of policy, and that it is consequent
ly our duty to mingle in these contests and
aidl those who are struggling for liberty.
This is a most seductive but dangerous
appeal to the generous sympathies of free.
meon. Enjoying as wve (10 thie blessings of am
free governiment, there is no man who has
an American heart that wvould not rejoice to
see these blessings extended to all other
nations. We cannot witness the struggle
between the oppressed and his oppressor
anyhere withount the deepest sympathy for
the former, and the most anxious desire for
his. tiumph. 'neethelnes is it itleit or
is it wise to involve ourselves in these for.
eign wars I Is it indeed true that we have
heretofore refrained from doing so merely
fron the degrading motive of a conscious
weakness I For the honor of the patriots
who have gone before us, I cannot admit it.
Men of the Revolution who drew the sword
against the oppressions. of the mother
country, and pledged to Heaven " their lives,
their fortunes, and their sacred honor" to
maintain their freedom, could never have
been actuated by so unworthy a motive.
They knew no weakness or fear where right
or duty pointed the way, and it is a libel
upon their fair fame for us, while we enjoy
the blessings for which they so nobly
fought and bled, to insinuate it. The truth
is that the course which they pursued was
dictated by a stern sense of international
justice, by a statesmanlike prudence and a
farseeing wisdom, looking not merely to the 1
present necessities, but to the permanent i
safety and interest of the country. They i
knew that the world is governed less by I
sympathy than by reason and force; that it
was not possible for this nation to become
a " propagandist" of free principles without i
arraying against it the combined powers of I
Europe; and that the result was more like.
ly to he the overthrow of republican liberty i
here than its establishment there. History i
has been written in vain for those who car
doubt this. France had no sooner estah. I
lished a repnblican form of government I
than she manifested a desire to force its i
blessings on all the world. Her own histo. i
rian informs us that, hearing of some petty r
acts of tyranny in a neighboring princi. i
pality.
" The National Convention declared that
she would afiord succor and fraternity to
all nations who wished to recover their lib- I
erty; and she gave it in charge to the execu- 1
tive power to give orders to the generals i
of the French armies to aid all citizens who i
might have been or should be oppressed in r
the cause of liberty." Here was the false r
step which led to her subsequent misfor- t
tunes. She soon found herself involved in a
war with all the rest of Europe. In less d
than ten years her government was changed C
from a republic to an empire: and finally, il
after shedding rivers of blood, foreign pow. c
ers restored her exiled dynasty, and exhaust. b
ed Europe sought peace and repose in the t1
unquestioned ascendency of monarchial ti
principles. Let us learn wisdom from her c
example. Let us remember that revolutions
do not always establish freedom. Our own
free institutions were not the offspring of
our Revolution. They existed before. They
were planted in the free charters of self
government under whicl the ,:lish colo
- and 0
fre
power, whose government was at'vaiiAno'
with those institutions. But European na
tions have had no such training for self gov. g
ernment, and every effort to establish it by c
bloody revolutions have been, and must, o
without that preparation, continue to be a I
failure. Liberty, unregulated by law, do. t
generates into anarchy, which soon becomes t
the most horrid of all despotisms. Our I
policy is wisely to govern ourselves, and c
thereby to set such an example of national t
justice, prosperity, and true glory, as shall e
teach to all nations the blessings of self. P
government, and the unparalleled enterprise c
and success of a free people. t
We live in an age of progress, and ours t!
is emphatically a country ol progress.- t,
Within the last half century the number of t,
States in this Union hats nearly doubled, the r
population has almost quadrupled, anid our
boundaries have been extended from thme tl
Mississippi to time Pacific. Our territory is s
uhequered over with railroads, and furrowed f
with canals. The inventive talent of our i
ountry is excited to the highest pitchl, and s
the numerous applications for patents for ii
valuable improvements distinguish this age s
and this people from all others. The gemnius t
f oneo American has enabled our commerce I
to move against wind anid tide, and that of 11
another has annihilated distance in thme e
transmission of intelligence. The wvhole e
country is full of enterprise. Our common t,
schools are dilosing intelligence among the f
people, and our industry is fast nccumulating t
the comforts and luxuries of life. This is li
in part owvinmg to our peculiar position, to e
our fertile soil, and comparatively sparse
population ; but much of it is also owving to e
the popular institutions under which we live, t
to time freedom- wthich every man feels to c
engage in any useful pursuit, according to
his taste or inclination, and to. tihe entire
confidence that his person and property will -r
be protested by thme laws. But wvhatever mm
miay be tihe cause of this unparalleled growth tl
in popiulation, intelligence, and wealth, one i
tiing is clear, that the Governnment must
keep pace with the progress of tihe people. s
It must participate in their spirit of enter- c
pise, and wvhile it exacts obedienee to time c
laws, and restrains all unauthorized invasions I
of time rights of neighboring States, it I
should foster and protect home industry, e
and lend its powerful strength to the im.t
provement of such meanis of intercommu
nication as are necessary to promote ouri
internial commerce anid strengthen time ties<
which bind us together as a people.
It is not strange, however much it may be I
regretted, that such an exuberance of enter
prise should cause some individuals to mis
take change for progress, and the invasion
of the rights of others for national prow~ess
and glory. The former are constantly agi
tating for some change in the organic law, 1
or urging new and untried theories of hu.
mian rights. The latter are ever ready to1
engage in any wild crusade against a neigh
horing people, regardless of the justice of
time enterprise, and without lookimng at the
fatal consequence to ourselves amid to the
cause of popular goverunment. Such expe.
ditions, however, are often stimulated by
mercenary individuals, who expect to share
the plunder or profit of the enterprise with.
out exposing themselves to danger, and led
on by some irresponsible foreigner, who
abuses the hospitality of our ownm Govern.
menit by seducing the younmg and ignorant to
joimn in his scheme of personal ambition or
... ree,, tindr th alse.1. .amd deli.e. pr.
tence of'extending the area of freedom.
These reprehensible aggressions but retard'
the true progress of our nation and tarnish
its fair fame. They should, therefore, re
ceive the indignant frowns of every good
citizen who sincerely loves his country, and
takes a pride in its prosperity and honor.
Our Constitution, though not perfect, is
loubtless the best that ever was formed.
Therefore let every proposition to change it
-e well weighed, and if found beneficial
-autiously adopted. Every patriot will re-:
nice to see its authority so exerted as to
advance the prosperity and honor of the
iation, whilst he will watch with jealousy
ny attempt to mutilate this charter of our'
iberties, or pervert its powers to acts of
iggression or injustice. Thus shall conser
ratism and progress blend their harmonious
tetion in preserving the form and spirit of.
he Constitution, and at the same time car
y forward the great improvements of the
ountry with a rapidity and energy which
reemen only can display.
In closing this, my last annnal communi
ation, permit me, fellow citizens, to congrat
late you on the prosperous condition of our,
)eloved country. Abroad its relations with
dl foreign powers are friendly; its rights are
'espected, and its high place in the family of
iations cheerfully recognised. At home we
njoy an amount of happiness, public and
orivate, which has probably never fallen to
lie lot of any other people. Besides afford.
ig to our own citizens a degree of prosper.
ty, of which on -so large a scale I know of
0 other instance, our country is annually
fTording a refuge and a home to multitudes,
Itogether without example, from the Old
Vorld.
We owe these blessings, under Heaven, to.
ie happy Constitution and Government.
vhich were bequeathed to as by oar fathers,
nd which it is our sacied duty to transmit
all their integrity to our children. We
nust all consider it a great distinction and
rivilege to have been chosen by the people
i bear a part in the administration of such
Government. Called by an unexpected
ispensation to its highest trust at a season
f embarrassment and alarm, I entered upon
s arduous duties with extreme diffidence. I
aim only to have discharged them to the
est of an humble ability, with a single eye to
ie publie good; and it is with devout grati
ide, in retiring from office, that I leave the
>untry in a state of peace and prosperity.
MILLARD FILLMORE.
WasutoroN, December 6, 1852
IhUM LOOK -T:
"Twenty-four Pedlars all in a Row."
On Monday morning last, twentj-four Irish
reil supplied
pods, consisting of silks, laces, muslins lin
is, &c., &c., which they will, no doubt, en
eavor to dispose of without the usual taxes
vied on merchants and regular pedlars. It
lierefore, behooves those who pay taves for
ne privilege of selling goods, to keep a sharp
ok out for these characters. When these
haracters first made their appearance in
is neighborhood, it was to sell a little lin
n, the produce of their own hands, to sup.
ly the dear wife and children with potatoes,
r to remove them to this" blessed coun.
y;" and their pitiful tales excited sympa.
iy enough in their behalf, to enable them
) do a good business. This fact added to
ieir number, until the whole country is over
zn wvith them.
It may not be generally known, but never
eless, such is the fact, that the business is -
-stematically prosecuted, not only by these
)ot-patds, but by men of wealth. In Newr
rork there are several large establishments,
,hieh import all the goods, smuggling in as
aany as possible. These establishments
ent out the foot-pads all over the country
retail the goods, in direct violation of
w. -fence their ability to undersell the
omost dealer, who pays the duties and tax
a. The system has grown, until it has be=
ome a serious evil, and should be put a stop
. We (10 not doubt there are many who
)r the sake of getting bargains, will buy or
iese men, and keep their secret; but a verg
ttle effort on the part of those whose inter
at are niost affected, will arrest the evil.
ft is possible these men may be abolitio,
mmissaries, and that they may be as inten
y sowing the seeds of incendiarism, as up
u selling goods.-Cheraw Gazette.
Ma. CAu~uoux's OPINso~s wiTH REGAR
o Cunit.-The New York Journal of Cow
erce prevous to a wellI reasoned article o
e policy of the South in relation to Cut
ankes the followving statement:
"'rhe great Statesman who so long and
ly represented South Carolina in the co,
la of the nation, once observed to us in
onversation relating to this island, that'C
a was forbidden fruit to the United State
le spoke at great length and with mu
arnestness, of the dangers from the attem
, absorb it, and declared that our poli.
ith respect to it shonld be limited to prev
Lu being acquired by any of the strong Ge
ruments of the world; that it was in
andls o t a wveak power,wvhich held it n
ort of stakeholder betwieen the nations
he earth ; that through our commerce
-ere quietly but effectually enjoying all ti
-e could claim or expect of its industry ;
s Government was improving through
~xample; that life and property were
~oming entirely safe there, and that the
hisition of the island through conquest, c
ining as it did a foreign, and, also, asa
opulation, wvould be fraught with great
;ers to us, and must be prevented. -
CoUNTrEaFEIT.-We were yesterday ab.
acounterleit 820 bill on the Commi --n
ank of this town. The note has a vil
ous look, bad paper and badly execute&
ead of the vignette runs into the cure
t the top of the bill " Colunmbia South
oina." The signatures of the Cashier
President, A. J. Crawford and A. Blan
are evidently written with the same ink.
word " T wenty," on the left hand lowe
ner of the bill, is very much bhlrred -