University of South Carolina Libraries
-t 1EMU ^41 -otva "We will cling to the Pillars of the Temple of our Liberlies, and if it must fall, -Fe will PerI anidst the Ruins." W. F. DURISOE, Proprictor. EDGEFIELD, S. C., D)ECEMBER 1, 1852. O- - - - THE EDGEFIELD ADVERTISER, IS PUCLISHED EVERY WEDNESDAtr BY IV. F. DURlISOE, Proprietor, A. S13lKINS & JOHN. BACON, Editors. Two DULLAS. per year, if paid in advance-Two DOL.AIs and Fzrmv Cx'-ra if not paid in six months -and TumEE DOLLARS if not paid before the expira. tion of the year. All subscriptions not distinctly limited at the time of subscribing, will he conaitlere'l a, made for ani indefinite period, and will be constinnu eJ ur.til all arrearages are paid. or at the option of the Publisher. Sul.crptims from other States must invariably be accompanied with thc cash or reference to some one known to us. AnvrrTISEMENT will be conspicuouslV inserted at 75 cents per S4quare (12 lines or less) ft'r the first insertion, and 37 1- for each suiequent insertion. When only published 3lonlthly or Quarterlv, Ono Dollar per square will he charged. All Advertise ment. not having the des4ired number of insertin.ns marked on the margin, %%ill be continued until forbid and chargcd accordingly. Thmse desiring to advertime by the vear can t'o so on liberal terms-it bein:- distinietly mamlrstood that cosntracts for yearly alvertrising are contined to the immn.diate. legitimate husiness of the firm or individu al Contracting. Tra.sient Advertisements must be paid for in advance. For announcing a Candilate, Three Dollars, in advance. For Adverti-ing Eftrays Tolled. Two Dollars, to be paid by tihe 31;-i'tate adver-isiinr. CANDIDATES. Tor Sheriff. - FELIX E. l1ODIE". W31. Q.'ATTLEBUM, JKI.lUS DAY. JA3E- EIDSON. R. s. KEY, ior Tax Collector. CI~lt!.ES CARTER, P BOYlP11 D. THOMAI~S ft. IZEESR, TII(Ol[I.L' IJEAN, M. B. W11171.TTL, 'or Ordinary. VIRGI3. X WIITE, if. T. ilitiT,. JOl1 W. S311,T, W. F. DURISOE, Zor Clerk. PICKENS B. WEVER. Notice! T UE Undersigned have this day associated themelves together .in the PRACTICE OF LAW, f oE.lgelield Distriet. Any business en trusted to them shall be promptly attended to. Mr. A-xissos will keep an Oflice at Edgefield C. If., where'he can be found at all timnm. 3 L.M. GRtA Y, W. U. ATKINSON. HTamburg, Nov 5, 1852. .tf 43 Notice. T E nders'gned have aswninted thenmelves T "inEt'e pract'ee of LAW and EQUITY, un der the name of NIAGRATII & STYL . 370tSirarsmtarg,&.C; - T. P. MAGRATIT, C. W. STYLES. Sept. 1st 1852. tf 43 G. W. LANDRUM, W ILL Practicc in the Courts of LAW and EQULITY for EdgeiFd and Lexington Dis tricts. Office itn Law Range, Edgefield C. 11. .Jan 16, tf 52 JOSEPH ABNEY, . WITL be found at all times in his Office, at W Edgelield Court Rouse, near the PILANTER's IOTEL. lie will atten4 promptly and strictly to bidsiness in his prolession. Nov. 14 tf 51 JA IES .7M. DAY z.;t;J, Z OF RICH310ND, VA., Permanently located at Edgefield C. -H., offers his professional services to the citizens of the Village and its vi einity ; and will attend to any call he may have eith~er ini the Village or Country. All operations warranted. Mtarch 13.18~5(. - -tf 8 Operations on the Teeth, .BY HORACE PARKERS Address Edlgefield C. IL., or Sleepy Creek, March IT 1859 ly ., 8 INCIDENTS OF A JOURNEY FROM1 ABBEVIL.LE, SOUTlf CA~ROLINA, To Ocala, Florida, ~BT AN OBSERVER OF "SMALL TEIGS." r O ll E above is the Title of a lively and interesting .I little work, just published and for sale at this Office, and the Stores of SrLt.vs & Bao-rnca, G. L. Pss~ and Wart.I.tAss & Cuxos-ria. gJ- Price only 25 Cents. .June 24 tf 23 -Southern Manufacture, 3,00 0 Pair Hlome made Pantation B ROGA NS ! UlARNEMS, SOLE AND) UPPlER LEATT1ER. or ALLr DEU.eCtPrZONS. Tanners, Neats Foot and Lamp Oil. ShIOEMAKERS' - FINDINGS. At the Shoe Store, next door to Sullivan & Brother. Rs Tr. MlIMs. .itly 21 tf 27 Ladies Cloaks and llantillas, SNOWDEN & SHEAR, Augnutt.", Ga., ~.have just received J.a.Iies Silk and~ Velvet CLOAKS and Velvet and Silk IA NTI LLAS nnd SACK(S, of new and beatntiful styles, to wvhich they rewpectlblly irwite the attentiomn of the Ladies. Nov 3 ___ tf 42 Extracts for Flavoring. PITETON & MERR ELL'S Extract of Lemon. P .' Extract of V'anilla, " Ornnee Flower Water, "Superior Rose Water, just received and for sale by Oct1 la tf 0. L~. PENN, Aor. Pink SEaticers for Dycing S ILK STOCK INGS, Gloves, Feathers. Flowers, Gunges. Camb~ries, Cottmns, &c. A supply just rceived and for sale very ceep by Oct 13 tf 39 JIust Received, 3,500 LBS. Choice Up-Country BA CON, 1,000 " " altim~ore " For sale by F. ML NICIIOLA S. Oct26 __ f 41-- ' Extra Fine Chewing. TUST received a few Boxes of ENTRA FlNE ,CHEWING TOBA CCO, the celebrated " Cal houti Brand," mnufactutred expressly for thme Sub scriber. G, L. P EN N, AGS-r. Augs. 18 Q . 31 GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE, EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, COLUMIA, Nov. 23, 1852. Gentlemen of the Senate, and House of Representatires: Another year has ro!led around, and brought the day, when, as iepreser.tatives of the People, we have assmnabled together to deliberate upon the alliirs of the Conimonwe:alth. And before I proceed to treat of the subjects which, for the gotd of our State I may deem proper to bring to your attention, permit me eariest ly to request that you will join me in rendering heartfelt tlanks and praises to Almighty God,for the many and nideserved mercies bestowed upon its as a People during the past year. Although some portion of our State has trembled beeiath lie scourge of the "Pestilence that walketh by darkness and wasteth by noonday," yet we have caus1e for thisankflness that we have been per. mitted to enjoy, in other portions, more than a usual degree of he:.h h; and although we have been called upon to mourn the devastation and ruin that marked the trick of the late disastrous and unprecedented flood, yet wherever its deso lating effects were nm.t felt, a rich aid'ahuntidint harvest will reward the labor of the husband nian. Terrible as has lien the blow to the prosper ity of our State hy the destruction of erops aid bilhges on our water courses, aid as deeply as we synmpali7e with those of our fellow-citizens who have sull'red, vet we are lcound to bow submii[a6ivelv to the Aillieting rod of our Heaven ly F aternd render to lihii the homage of grate. 'ul hears for wh:tever mercies lie has seen it, in Ilis wisdom and goodness, to vouchsafe to us, his delpendent creatures. It gives ile pleasure to inform you that the same flourishing condition of our ditl'errnt In slitutions (of Leaiig, noticed in miy last antinual lessage, still continlues. The South Carolina College, under the judicious and energetic man :agement of its able President, is still progress. ing in its onward course of usefulness. To the already able and eflicient Corps of Professors, has been :added dur'ng the past year the services of Dr. Reynolds, whoso high eharacter, devoted piety, and elegant eruditioln, amply qualify him fur iie exalted stationi to which he h::s teen enaled, and which lie has thus far tilled with hioni ur to himself, and us'efulness to the Institution. The Military Academies s-ill give evidence of increasing uiseulness, and bid fair to stand as eiduring monutimenis of the wisdom and muni lieenee of tie sate, in establishing so eniglit ned a plan of eleemosynary education. The , tudies at the Citadel were suspended during I part of the past summer and fall, in consequence I f the prevalence of yellow fever; but in future i iteps will be taken to prevent the disbanding of he Corps, by tiemping in some healthy region, in case tids epidemic should again visit the city. I'he addition to the Arsvinal, ordered by the last Legislature, is completed, and, with tie former )uilding, will be of sullicient capacity to accom. nodate all the Fourth Class, (say from ninety o one hundred.) The last Legislature authorized the Trustees >f the South Carottna College to buildChael, rovided they did not call upon it for more than 110,000. This building, so much needed, has :een contracted for by the Trustees at $22,000, nd will he of sutlicient size to accommodate .00 persons.* The Trustees have paid $4,000 (thie first instalmnent.) out of the Tuition Fund, id have contracted to pay $10,000 after the adjournment of tih Legi-dature, and the bai:ance when the building is completed. You will per. eive from this statement that the Legislature will only be called upon for the sum which it uthorized the Trustees to use. _As no appro. priation was made fAir this purpose, and as the Trustees, acting under the authority of the Le gislature, have coitracted for the payment of that suni after your adjournment, I recommend that at the present Session you make an appro priation to meet this c:dl. Before I leave the subject of these your cher ished Institutions of learning-the one which has given to your history some oIf its brightest names, and die other, which, talthouigh but in its infaniec, begins to show its praeICical tility by giving'to the State the services of~ wel-educsated gentlemen, who, but for its munificence, miught have grovelled forever in obscuiri ty-permit mle earnestly to invoke for them a continuanace of your care and liberality. I have endeavored, during the past summer, to inform myself thoroughly upon the subject of our Free school System; but from the wsant of interest geiierally manifested, I have been able to collect but little infoi-msati-on. Thera .eems to be a general belief thast it works badly, except in the larg~e cities. Coiidae'ed as they arc in the country, I do not hesitate to pronounce it an imost useless expenditure of the pdlblie fund ; yet I am far from being willing to recomnmnend a discontinuance of the appl~ropriation. Th'le ob. ject of extending the blesiings of education to the poor is too just and iiob~le a one to be aban doned. Ini sonme of the older States more dense ly poupulsated than our own, beneficisl results have been seen from it. I am sure the system could be so altered aind improved as to work well with us. But to do this would require a thorough knowledge of the subject; and it ap. pasto mec that the only way in which you could ombtsain that knowledge would be to auth orize the Governor to appoint a suitsable and competent person to travel over the State for a year, and notice the masnner of its operations, point out its defects, and suggest improvements. To do this, it niust be insde the specific duty of some one to colleet this information ; pay him for it and require a strict performance ~at his hands. -1 feel more certain of the propriety of this recommendation, inasmnuch as I am sustain ed in it by high authority. One of my prede essors c~illed upon all the Conummissioners of Free Schools to make reports of the condition of them in their respective Districts, and to sug gest such alterations and improvements as they deemed necessary. These repoirts were placed in the hands of Dr. Thornwell and Bishop El liott, who, safter a careful examination of them, recommended the plain whiichi' have done. Thme Bank of the State. according to a Report made to mec by its Presidenit, is in a highly pros prus condition. The capit.-l is $ 100,000 muore thiain last year. The csaisa in use may be set down at........................ $3,450,000 Deduct Fire Loan Bonds...... .. 28,500 3,152,500 The Profits are...................309,405 Deduct literest on Fire Losan Bonds... 29,680 Leaves........,..,,.$279,725 which is about 9 par cenat. on its capitial. The Charter of this Bamik expires in 1856. The short time it has to run renders it proper that you should consider the question of re-char ter at this Session. I thaiink there are nanny reasonis why it should be re-chartered. This istitution has proved itself to be highly useful aad safe as a fiscsal agent of the State, and has aided msaterially in sustaining our people during the severe monetary crisis through which we have psassed, As all hutman institutions are im perfect, nio doubt but some instances of amisman agemnent have occurred is the conduct of its af airse. I believe Ibsat the only mismanagement that s. bc- c.plaimned of isnn over Iudulgence ofsome of its debtors. I have not been able to learn, however, that the Bank has sustainedI any I wsex from this cause. In some instances along intdulgence has secured the final payment of the debt, and at the same time enabled the creditor to secure a competence to his family, when the sudden calling in of the debts would have re sulted in heavy losses to the lank, and brought ruin and bankruptcy upon the debtor. It is much more creditable to the management of this Institution th.it it should have erred in this particular, than that it should have proved a relentless creditor, by forcing sales of properly at a ruinous sacrifiee. If any real abuses do exist, they ought, most certuinly, to be reformed. The existence of them in a system is no proof that they are incident to it, or that the syatem itself is a bad one. The Charters of many of the Private Banks are about to expire ; and in all probability appli cntion -will be made to you for a renewal of them. Whatever may be Lhougit of the policy of the Banking Syten, were the qlestin of! its intronduction amongt4 us for the first time made. one thing is certain, it has so completely interwoven itself into all our habits of business, that to abandon it now would greatly embarrass the commercial interest, and probably bring ruin on the country. It perhaps would be wike to re-charter theini all ; vet sone check ought to be placed upon themn. I know ofi no other better than a strung Bank of the State. Another argument inl favor of i's re-clarer is the anount of taxes it saves oil citizens. Du ring the iast year, as I have already stated, its profits have amonted to *279,725, which, of course has relieved our people of that amount ot taxation. But, above all other reasons why vot: should renew its Charter, the fact that the honor of the S:ate is pledged to it should have greater influence wit h1 you than anything else. Whein the Fire Loan Bonds were negotiated in England by Ex-Governor McDutlie, the profits of the Bank were pledged as a security for their payment.* Thus it would appear that a refusal to re-charter this Bank, at least until these bonds are liquidated, would involve a violation of the I pledges, affect the credit, snd tarnish the honor itf the State, which every Carolinian should re gard as sacred -as his own. ! i Without making posi;iee recommendation on the subject, I suggest to you the propriety of 3 lonsidering.at this tine whether it wouldt not be wise, under existing circumstances to increase the capital of the Bank of the State. The great increa.e of all kinds (of business, cnused by onr Railroads,calls for addi:i-unal Banking Capital. I Some of the large manufeitturing establislments vhich have receitly spruntg up amongst us, have Lcen greatly embarrassed during the past sum ner for the want of Bank aecomtmodation. InI ract, the complaint is very general on this subject. Vo doubt this state of things will produce ap lications for charters for more Banks. Now, is the Banking system has proved so highly pro. itable, would it not be wise to appropriate a arge portion of it to the State, and thus in a. neasure free our people from taxation. But a still stronger reason for an increase, is. o give it the power (if nteting as a check upon .he private Banks. They are certainly much to 1 )e dreaded,iTeft entfretyuncontrollr he condition of the country is prosperous, the 4 emptation to expand their currency, and thus necrease ther priofits is ltuost irresistible. Such xpanimions cause all kinds of proper-y to assutne L fictitious value, and the whole country runs 1 itit in the wildest speculations. Scenes of great c listress always follow such periods as these,and 1 generally hastened and rendered still more errible by the sudden calling in of the deb:s, t nd the contractioi of the currency. In tnct the t alue of the property is alnot entirely at the nerey of those who control the currency of the ountry. An expansioi alwayvi runs it far be- - ond its value, and a contraction far below.- t -vcn the price of our great staple ean be atlleet. j d by the Banks' refutsing to lhnd- money reelv, anid thus scriouly inijure the planter. I There should be somae check upon this im neuse, this fearful power. I know that great, fears are entertained as to he political power which a strong Blank if he State would wield-but these are rather imagiiin ry than real, if you will reflect that it will be mitirely under the control of the Legislature. [ts oflicers are elected annually, and ot courset :ould be removed if fusnnd exerting any influ-< mueat vairiance witha thte trtue interests of the I people. Alt the arguments which go to estab ish our fears that a corrupting influence would Le equally :tpplienble to other Blanks, If there I .s any real danger of such intluences from mnon.. I -yed mnoipolies, it is far bet ter thamt they should Le under the cotitro.l of the Stautc, than that they hould control the State. The Bank of the State is directly responsible to the Legi.slature.t while the private Banks are pierfe.ctly independ- I mt of it, from the time they receive their char. 4 e~rs, until they expir& Itf you, in youi wt om, should detud that It is inexpedient to inicrease the capital of the Banik uf the. Staite, so as to give it the controlling in- j Iluence, prudetnce requires that you should grant I io charter te anty private Bank withI a capital of t ~uticiont size to give suclf influence to it. No Bank should be chartered with a cnpital beyonad s uiillion of dollars. 'lThe Lunattie Asylum, that charitable Instit tu ion so creditable to the humanity oif the State, lemanids your special care and anentionl. .Jus. tie reqltilres that I should again report to you not only the admirable order of its arrangement, but the devoted attentioni of its ollieers to the delicate and laborious duties they are called upon to perform. During the past year forty-four (4.4) new pa tients htave been received, thtirty of whlomu are pay patient, and twenty-eighmt of those hereto fore under treatment have been dismissed, either entirely cured or greatly benefltted. Thte build ings are now not only full, but crowded. I was particularly struck wvith the want of room in the enlosed grountds. They are nltogeter too much contined either for the comfort of the pa tients, or the degree of exegelse which might conduce to their final cure. The imtprovemnents of the age have shown that the original build ig was improperly constructed; biut the addi tions which :tre hereafter mtide can lbe done in accordantce with t hose in) provemett which willI greatly remedy the defect. If~ the Legislature will grant a further appro priation. it is proposed to enelose with a wall four acres of the lands belonging to the Asylum on thec east side of it, and erct suitable build ings to acecommtodate the female pntients. For this purpose the~ Regents, Physician, anid Super intetndent ask an appropriation of thirty thous and dollars. This will enable them better to provide for the reception of pay patients, which will greatly relieve the State of the bturthen of the Institution, perhaps to a suflicient extent even to ruimbturse it for the amount, of thme ap propriation; ats for the want of such neeonimo dtionts many, who aro abie and willinig to pay highest, tire carried to other Institutions. All must feel it to be the duty of a State to pro. vide for that unfortunaute class of our fellow ereatures who have beeni deprIved of reason. Yet notne cnn feel that ditty with the degree of ntensity which their helpless nnd deplorable situation demands, but those who have been brought in cotntact with themi. I aim sure, if * See Mr. MeDutle's letter to Col. Elmore, Bank Comnpilat'oun. n. 661t. you all could be eye witnesses to their suffir ings, you would. feel youielves called upon by every consideration of humanity and Christi anity, to place within theirreach all the means that science has discovere'. for their care, and to make your Institution ot merely a prison house, but really an Asylum. Those who have watched this Institution itith a paternal care, and have no interest apdrtrom its good, who have carefully considered'i wants. ask this ap propriation at your hands.- I trust you will not refuse it. A memorial from the Diictors of the South Carolina Institute is herewith transmitted, to which I invite your attention. This Institute, established for the encouragement of all the in. dustrial pursuits of the couitry was incorpora ted by an act of the Le'gislature in 1850. One fair was held presious to ilt incorporation, and two since that time, wlihb. have given a most gratirying evidence of itsi ecess in pr(moting the gr'eat object for whieliIt was established. When we reflect how farilhind our State has been in the great race ofthe improvement of the mechanic srts, the exhi ition 4of meclaniical skill and ingenui:y, which'ihe fairs of this In Atitute have developed, Tmst be a source of pri'le and satisfaction to every one who has the real interests of his couintry at heart. They have clealy shown that th're was no want of bilent or energy on the piit of our nachanies, but that it only required sog e stimulant of this kind to P.pring it into life.: These exhibiions ire cosmnon to all those Stites which have been most remarkable for theiir improvements in the miechanic arts, an-i hae reepived the particular patronage of their Legi.,laitres. This lnstitution'has beengestablislied by the rivate enterprise of its. tfinders, to etfect a rreat public good ; and while it reflects credit ipon their publie spirit, deserves your patronage. Since it was founded, thetarticles otfered for xlibitmn have been so nauierous, that no hall :an be found of sutlicientilapacity to contain hem. The necessity of blilding another has nduced them to call uponpu for aid to con truct it. By giving tlissid, you adopt the nost enlightened plan off neonraging all the .ndustrial pursuits of the. 'ountry; but more %articularly the mechanic a ', which have here ofore been too much n- ected. Encourage pnur own mechanics, by bri 'ng the results of heir talent-and enterpris o notice, and it will be seen that our.-itat i1.1 rival any other n useful improvements. -gIt them, and you vill find that they will see -ome more favored -egion, where their skill wi be appreciated and ewurded. - The Attorney General . my request, has lrawn up a report on the s' ct of Prisons and 'rison Discipline, to-whic e'has added a re ort on the Criminal Law. it contains much 'aluable information, and., y inportant sug restions, I herewith transn and invite your at ention to it. Without pretending to "'fully upon the uhject, I will state a few to show there ught to be a change i 7 vm'nagement of lrisons, and also intie gi6 executiins. There is no provision , &th'e separa ion of the differntn , if some small offence, and uponi whom the pun shment of imprisonment might have so salutary n effect as to bring about his reformation, if eft alone to the workings of his own con cience, is confined with-the hardened felon, and f course subjected to hi.4 pernicious influence. 'lie debtor, who is perhaps more unfortunate han criminal, is herded with the felon and nnr lerer. Good sense, as well asjustice and good aste, revolt at this state of things. A change ought to be made in the manner of ,xecutions. Al! public executions are demor lizing to the community, and fail to produce lie effect upon it they were intended to produce. morbid curiosity collects thousands together o witness them, and when the criminal is rought forth for execution, the natural synia hies of the crowd convert him into a hcro or nartyr. Thus, much more of pitty than terror s inspired boy the exhibition. Or where, by fre muent recurrence, they become failiar, from ome stranige perversity of human nature, a -ulgar taste is inspired for them, which is revolt ng to witness. It is a familiar fact, thatiduring he Reign of' Terror in France, whmen the streets f Paris were flowing wvith the blood of inno ent victims, the populace actually clamored for nre executions, when each individual wvas not are but that his head would be the next to be ronght to the guillotine. If it intended to trike terror to the heart of the multitutde, by vitnessing ex ecutions, thme very publicity oh' hemi defeats this end. Much more of terror vould lbe inspired by the knowledge, that at he tolling of a bell, or sonic other signal, a tuman being, withiin thme narrow compass ntf his elI. was launched into etctity, unsnatained ini ds last dark miomente by the sympauthies of a urrounding multitude. If the Punishment ,f Whipping is to be con inued, that, too, wveie better done ini private. I loubt exceedingly, however, the propriety of his mode of punishment under any circum tancs. Reformatlon of the, culprit (one of lie important ends of punishinent) is seldom or ver effected by it. If one spark of' good. upon vhichi a hope of reformation can be built, is eft in his heart, it is entirely extinguished by lie degradamtion of a public wvhip.ping. If lhe is lready hardenmed in crime, and lost to all sense af shame, no otlher effect is produced upon himu >eyonid the physical pain intlieted by thme lasih. [think that the general feeling of our peeple is 1(cidedly opposed to this mode of punishmnent; o much so, that it is exceedingly dihlcult for he Executive to resist the earniest appeals anid ~owerfl influences brought to bear upon hinm, ~iter to remit or change it. But I will not tresspass on your time by pur ming the subject further. I merely wish to ir yotur attention to it. This subject, to ~eher with the revisal of the whole Criminal Code, requires r..more careful examination thamn you would probably be able to give it during a short Session of the Legislature. I therefore recommend that you appoint or authorize the overnor to appoint. a Commission, consisting of the Attorney General and the Solicitors, or some other competent persons, to take the whole subject of our Criminal Lawv, Prisons and Prison Dicipiline, under consideration, and re port to the next Legislaturo such changes as may be expedient or necessary. In this main nr, all the facts and statistics necessary to formn s correct judgmnent on the subject wvill he brought before you by those who are most fa milir with them. By a joint resolution of the last General As sebly, I was requested to comimuniente withI the Governor of Georgia oni the subject of the obstructions to commerce amid intercourse be tween the two States, tnd to take such other steps as would lead to a full exposition and ci' derstanding of the rIghts of all parties con cerned, and to a frank and friendly settlement of the whole matter." On the 6th of M~ay, I addressed a letter to 1His Excellency Governor Con, in accordariCe with the spirit of the said joint resoldtion, and re quested the Attorney Geineral to look into the matter, and report to nie what were the legal rights of the parties concerned. I. hulve re eived as yet no direct reply from Goy. Cbnn. My letter to him, together with the correspon dence betwe.. ,t.e Attorney. Gneral and them Executive Secretary of Georgia-the statement of the Attorney General, and the result of his legal investigations of the case, embodied in the form of a Report, are all herewith transmitted. I think it, however, proper to state that the question of the boundaries between the two States has lost much of its interest at present, since an arrangement has been made by the President (if the Souith Carolina Railroad Coin pany with the city nuthoritis (if Augusta, by w'hich a free passage across the Savannah river is secured to the Company. I feel it my duty to call your attention to certain proceedings which have grown out of the enforcement of that law of our State, which requir-es the Sheriff of Charleston to seize and imprison colored seamen, who are brought to that Port. You will remember that the British Consul addressed a communication to the Leg islature in December, 1850, on the subject of a modification of this law. A Committee was ap pointed by the House and Senate to report upon it at the Session of the Legislature. The Com inittees reported adverse to any modifieation. On the 24th of Marcb, 1852, Manuel 1'ereira was imprisoned in accordance with the law al luded to. The vessel in which he sailed was driven into the port of Charleston in distress. This was looked upon as a favorablet case upon which to make an issue, as so strong an element of sympathy vas connected with it. Accord ingly, a motion was made before Judoe Withers for a Writ (if "11:heas Corpus," which was re fused liv him. These proceedings were insti tuted by the British Consul, it is said, under in structions from his Governmient, to test tIme con stitutic nality of the Act. I think it here pro per to state, that Pereira was at perfect liberty to depart at any moment that he could get a vessel to transport him beyond the limits of the State. In truth, in consideration of the fict that his coming into the State was involuntary, the Sheriff of Charleston, with his characteristic kindness. procured for him a place in a ship about to sail for Liverpool. Early in April, Pereira was actually released, and on his way to the ship, having himself signed the shipping ar [icles, when, by interposition of the British Consul, he was again consigned to the custody of the Sheriff. A few days after this the Brit ish Consul insisted no longer on Lis detention, but voluntarily paid his pa..s:ige to New York. This was looked upon as an abandonment of that case. The statement of Mr. YATeS, to rether with the letter of the British Consul, are herewith trarsnitted. While these proceedings were pending, the Sheriff of Charleston had tmy instruction not to give up the prisoner, even if'a writ of Habeas Corpus had been granted. I considered that the "Act of 1844," entitled "An Act more ef feetually to prevent. nogroes and others persons of coto'r from entering into this State, and for other purposes," made it my duty to do so. On the 19th of May, Reuben Roberts, a col >red seaman, a native of Nassau, arrived in the teamer Clyde, from Baracon. The Sheriff of Charleston, in conformity with the law of the State, which has been in force since 1823, ar rested and lodged him in the district jail, where e: was detained until the 26th of May, wheo, Mig!a --g--n---iy hlt.N~t n board, and sailed the same day. On the 9th of June a Writ in Trespass, for Assault and False Imprisonment, from the Fed eral Court, was served upon Sheriff YATES, lay ing the damnae at $4.000. The Act oF 1814, 1 take it, was intenied to prevent all interference on the part of any power mik the face of the e:arth with this exenution (if this police regulation, which is so essential to the peace and safety of our community. Had the Legislature which passed it ever dreamed hat the Sheritf was to be subjected to the an noyance of being dragged before the Federal Court for doing his duty under a law of the State, I am sure it would have provided for his irotection. As no such provision has been nade for so unexpected a contingeney, I recom mend that you so amend this Act of 18 1.1, that it may meet any case that may arise. It is certainly wrong to tolerate this inter erence with the laws enacted for the protection if our institution. Inm thme general distribution f power between the Federnil and State Govern nemts, the right to mnake their own police regu-| ations was cleaurly reserved to the St ates. In1 thet, it is nothing more nor tess tha~n the right f sdf-presciralo-a right which is above all onstitutione, and above all laws, and one hich never was, nor never will be, abandoned y a people who are worthy to be free. It Is a ight which has never yet been attempted to be leied to any people, except to us. Th'le complaint against this law is very strange, mnd the attempt to bring us in conflict with the eneral Governmcnt on account 'of it, is still1 nore remarkable; when, so far from its being at1 ariance with the Jaws of the Uniited States it, isi oly requiring the State authorities to enforce mn act of Congress, :pproved Feb'ry 28th, 1803, mtitled, an Act to prevenit the) implortationi ofi ertain personls into certain States, where, byi he laws thereof, their importation is prohlibited.*1 By referring to this Act, you will see that the lintifl'in the action alluded to, was prohibited y it from entering into this State. [ deeom it unecessary, howecver; to enter fully into the argutment. If any doubt should be etntertained my you, as to its constitutionality, I beg leave to efer to thme able Opinion of the Hon. J. Mc 1'uERSON BERtRIENu, delivered at the tiume lie was A torney General of the United States, which 1 lersvitii send you. On thme subject of thme muodificat ion of' this law, I nm free to say, that when Hecr B. M.'s Govern ent, through its Consul, made a respectful re qtest to our Legislature to that effect, I was axious that it should be made. It wvas with leasure that I transmitted his first communica ion to the last Legislature. I would have made a recommendation of its modification a special point in 'my first Message, but that I thought it indelicate to do so, as the matter was already before the Legislature, and comimittee~s had been appoiinted to report upon it. Ainuther reason for the neglect of this recommen~idation, was the then excited state oif party p)olities, which might ave precludled thme possibilty of a enlm enid ratiotn of the subiject. Bitt for the proceedings instituted in the premises, 1 wvould even now re coinmend a mnoditiienaion of the law, so as to re quire .Captainis, to contfine their seamen to their vessels, and to prevent their landing uinder heavy penalties. For while I think the State has a perfect, right to pass whatever law~s on this subject it may deem necessary for its safety, yet the .pirit of the age requires, that while they should be so formed as to be adequate to our protection, they should he at the same time as little offensive as possible to other nations, with whom we have friendly relations. But since imn attempt has been made to defy our laws, and bring us in conflict with the Federal Govern ment, on a subject tipon wvhich we are so justly sensitive, our own self-respect demands that we should not abate one jot orttille of that law, which was enacted to protect us from the influence of ignorant incendiaries. It gives nme pleasure to inform you that the Railroads, of our State are rapidly progi-essing. The Columbia & Charlotte Railroad, and the King's MIoutitain Road, are coiileted. Al though heavy aniges were sustained by the Geenville Road from the late freshet, they will *e 2da ory's,.. Lawm- T. S. p. S 6a soon be repaired, and, under the energetic man ageiment of its President and Directors will ere long be completed. Tle Manchester Road is also progressing rapidly. Already do we see the potent effects of these Roads in developing the resources of thd state, itnd springing into lire the energies of the people. The prosperity which follows in their track is no lunger pro blematical. Living witnesses of it are all a round us, Yet this grand system, which is to bring wealth and prosperity to us, and energize into action resources which were heretofore dor mant, has just begun. If we would realize their full effets, they must be extended until the rich commerce of the mighty valleys of the West is poured into Charleston. This can easily be ef fecled by pursuing a liberal and enlightened policy-towards them-a policy worthy of the age in which we live. The golden opportunity to command this trade is within our reach. Charters have been granted by the several States through which it will pass for a Blue Ridge R'd, which is to cross the Rabun Gap, and extend through Clayton and Franklin to Calhoun, where it will intersect the Knoxville and Dalton i Road. Through Knoxville a communication will I he opened with Cincinnati, (as.a Charter has been granted by Tennessee for a Road to the Kentncky line, and a Company is formed in Kentucky to carry it on to Cincinnati.) A road I is now in progress to connect Calhoun with 1 Chattanooga. From Chattanooga to Memphisa road has already been built, and the Cha-tinooga I road connect it with Nashville. A road is also : about to be made between Nashville and Cairo. I Thus you will pe:cive, that if the Blue Ridge i is built. commencing at Anderson Court -ouse i and extending to Calhoun, Charleston will i be connected by a system of Roads, not only with Cincinnati, but with Memphis and Cairo I two important points on the Mississippi river, c and at a distance fron each other, equal to < the entire brendth of Tennessee, and nearly one- t third of Kentucky. All the. immense trade I which the Missiasippi and its tributaries bring z to this important point, together with that of the fertile regions through which these ronds t and their numerous feeders pass, must find Its c outlet through Charleston. At a single glance I you must perceive the m-ignificent prospect it 4 presents. It would'be a suicidal policy in our c State, not to secare this gigantic commerce, c now that it is within its reach. But to secure it, the Legislature must subscribe liberally. c So great are the advantages it presents, so great the prosperity which it will bring, the State v eouli well alford alone' to boil.l this only link r which is now wanting in this mighty chain. i But there is no call for this. Charleston, I am t informed, will subscribe half a million, and even t more, if necessary. Enough has already been e subscribed in Nofth Carolina to secure the c Charter of that State, and Tennessee, by her v general system of liberality to her roads, gives I $8,000 per mile. As deeply. interested as all I these States are in this grand scheme, none are so deeply as South Carolina. I therefore re. r commend that you subscribe a million of dollars I to this road, or even more, if it be necessary. to t omplete it. Even if the stock never paid a < dollar of interest, it would be a judicious expen- i fro the fct t i must inev ta ye e grea thoroughfiare over which the commerce of five or six of the largest States in this Union will pass, I together with the immense amount of travel, which from its position it will comm:md. there I onnot be a doubt but that the stock will pay a r eavy interest, and thus make the invesmnent a I profiable one for the State. And if we add to c this con.ide-ration the rnet that it wi'l increase a 'reatly the business, and consequently ihe profits c tf the roads already built, in which the State has ( i large amount of stock, you will see a still fur. t 1 e inducement for fostering the enterprise. d I trust that no sectional feeling will be brought t to bear on this question. It is a great State ( atter. It in true that the interest of Charles- v Ion will be more promoted than any other sec- e tion or the State, but 'the we:ilth which will be u poured into her lap, will be radiated throughout f its entire extent. There is also, I believe, a project on toot to a xtentd the Charlotte Road so as to command ae portion of this trade. These two projects can-t rot interfere with each othieri and thterefore oughtv ant to be considered anta.gonistie; but rather I c-iting eachi other in carrying out a grand plann af improvement. When application is ma:de fore assistance to extend this ro:ad, the same liberal. ty dught to be extendcd to it. The State can-t nt expend ted much money in the construetion ji afr Railroads providing they are judiciously lo :ated and economically built; for every dollare will be returned four-fold to its citizens by thee advantages they afford. Nor will it be necessary I to tax the peopale for this purpose. Borrow thev roney, and the roads thtemselves will soon payi the interest, and gradually liquidate the debt. e By a Joint Resolution of the last General As-.i sembly, a Commission wvas appointed to inquireh into the feasibility of deepening, shortening, ora n any .other manner imiprovi ig. the Channel ofe ~he Bar, and other approaches of the Charless \ihen the Commission held its first meeting,;n ~ve found that thie Chamber of Conimerce ul- 1i ready had the matter tinder consideratio~n. 1 reel it due to that enlightened and public-spirited. asociation, publicly to acknowledge the kind-p tess and courtesy extended to the Commission, n placing at our'disposal the information which it had already collected. The Chamber of Commerce had memorialized the CongF~ss of the United States, calling itse ttention to this work as one of national utility nd importance, and asking an appropriation to earry it out. Trhe Congress of the United States 1 appropriate~d $50.000. The Commission tookr no part in this memorial, but employed a portion of the fund allowed by the State to detray the expenses of a preliminary survey. The result of this survey has afforded the most gratifying assurance of the practicability of opening the Bar. I must also acknowledge the courtesy and kindness of the offiers of the Coast Survey,t who placed at our disposatl the m:'p4 of the ianr. bor, anid co-operated cordially with the Commis sion in carr~ving out the sitrvey. The vast i portance of' this work to the future prosperity of Charleston,. renders it an object of pecula ar interest to the State. It is scarcely possible to 1 estitmiate what amotunt of expetnditure its vast importance would justify. There is, however,- 1 no need at present for the State to make any further appropriation for this purpose, as the Federal Governmnent hats taken it itn hand. It will perhaps, however, be well to continue the presentt Commission until the work is actually comenced by the Government of the United States. Thte report of Prof. Bache, the report of the Commission, together with an account of the exenditture of a portion of the fund appropria ted by thmo Legislature, is herewvith transmitted. In pursilanie of an Act of the last Legtisla tre, the State Convention ntat at. the appointed time. The proceedings of that body, together with the expenses incurred, are herewvith trans mitted to you in accordance with its request. Perhaps there never was a body assembled under circumstances of so much embarrassment, aid wvhieh dalled for an exercise of sitch pru dnce, sagacity, and devoted patriotistm on the part of its members. The same cause of com plaint against the Federal Governent which cnae t i nto life, still exited in ull....c. No evidence had been given that Its outward pro gress towards a consolidated despotism was stayed, or that any barrier had been erected against that tide of fanaticism, which, with fear ful rapidity, was still rolling on, threatening the overthrow of the Instittitiotis of the South. No security was afforded us that we should not for ever remain in a state of vassalage to the Feder al Government, paying far beyond our just pro portion of its expenses, and receiving far less than our share of the benefit of its expenditure.. Nor do I believe that any change hid taken place in the feelings and opinions of the people of the State.. An almost universal feeling of indigna tion at our wrongs, and a burning desire to re dress them, prevailed. bitt discord and party strife, which have blasted the success of many a glorious cause, had raised its head among us, and paralyzed our strength. One party believed that the time had come when every considera tion of policy and duty required that the State should act, even though it should stand alone.. Another party believed the separate action of the State would be ruinous, and that the co-op iration of the other Southern State.i, whose in terests and dest inv were the snme as ours, could aid would beobtained. No doubt but that both parties were honest in their convictions, that the policy recommended by each would redound to the welfare of our State. The discussion of these conflicting opinions produced the bitterest. party feeling. Amid the donvitisive throes of this fierce strife, the question of our wrong was ilmost forgotten. Thitus did our State present he mournful spectacle of a people, whom con non wrongs and common dangers should havo ,nited in closest bonds, completely prostrated md paralyzed,'not by force and power of the memy, but by their own internaIl strifes. It was 00 plainly seen that any action, tinder existing ircumstances, could end in nothifg else but self lestruction. Many a bold and gallant heart, hat had never quailed before to power of the cderal Government, grew faint at the prospect, nd shrunk from the thought of civil strife. The people had, by a large majority, passed heir verdict against separate accssion, in the leetion which had been recently held for mem >ers to Southern Congress. Under these cir umstances, the Conventsin thet. The only ourse which wisdom and patrIotism could sug rest, namely, to heal the wounds which had re ently been inflicted, and re-unite the State. I an but congratulate you on the happy result. rhe members of that Convention, actuated by spirit worthy of the palmiest days (if the Com nonwealth, determined to bury all bitter feel ngs which had been generated by the late con est, and act with an eye slngCl to the good f lie State, under the circumstances which thent xisted. Nor do I think, in efecting this great bject, that any snerifice of principle was in olved. The principles which have ever been ield dear amongst us, were not only reaffirmed, mut set forth in the solemn form of an Ordinance. But sincerely as I feel the gratilication of an iouncing to you that the State has been united, most call upon you to remetstyer that our safe y has not yet been secured. The storm which, ne day or other, is destined t67lirst upon.ss s still brewin ., The.grett C o me of the Northern States, th1 ngitive Slaie aw has been nullified ; and id :ll the others it s buta dead letter. A brutal murder of a slave iolder has been the result (of an attempt to eclaim a slave under this nitih vaunted law. Fhs spirit of misch.ief is w'rking with fearful nergy. Agitation still goes on with ceaseless etivity. Every element whih ban be nade to perate on public ( pinion is ptot lit action against ur institutions. Even that powerful weapon, lie Literature of the country, is employed to lirect its polished bit poisoned shafts against hem. It is true tl't nothitig has been done by 0ongress, since your last Sessioni; against whiek ve can coiplain. Judging, htoievcr, from the letments whiclh are at ivork, and trom the history f the past, we cannot hope that this cessatioit rota hostile acts against our Institittions will be f long duration. Amid all our prosperity, id the still greater prosperity which we would nijoy if left alone, the heart sitkenss at the con etmplation of that fierce fanatieism which is at v~ork, and which still hangs like a pall upon our" uture. hlowever strong may lie iny convictions a to the propriety ot' an atempt to stayi the ouming storm by the separate action uf the State; nd however deeply I mayu 'leplore the decision o which our people huave come tipmtln this sub' eet, God forbid that I should rati into a flame lie exp'irinrg embers of pa:rty stil by nowv re ommendinug it to you. Our destinty, for weal r for woe. is connected wvit h thtC whole South. urther aggressions (wvhich ilhl surely come) ill convince our uister Southern States that the istituition upon which not only~ the prosperity f the South, but Republicanism itself depends, no longer safe in the Union. Then wec may ope that they will rise in the majesty of their trength and spirit, and itn eatijtthetioin with us, ither force our rights to be respected in the Jnion, or take our place as a Southern Confed racy among the nations of the~ earth. In the meantimue, let us utnite, heart and hand, in carry. ag out those great schemes of internal improve' ment, by wvhich the wealth and fesources of our ;tamte will be developed, rind thus give it all the ower and strength of *hich it is enipable. JOHN II. MlEANS. ErrESIVE DloARDING.-In an article relating o the Metropolitan Hotel, Na York, the " n leside" says: " In the matter of pribes, few pny less than $25 per week ; anid one foreign emissary, who Las taken rooms fur the season, is paying at the ate of $80 per days besidbs a very libernl ex. ra expenditure fbf the vbty cholcest of antique vines. One gentleman pays 850 per week. ['he bills of others amotunt to $200, $250, and 5300 per Week. The bridal chamber is eon tantly occupuied at the ramte of $20 per day. "It is also stated, that "more people are. urned away than are teeeived"-and that rooms are taken by ..hetter and by telegraph, or weeks In advahtie." . " The jirojirietors.shouild have procured a sup. ily 6f the wmeiis sold last wveek in this city, at 915b per bottle. They could no doubt retail ,bem out to their customters for a dollar a drop; is those who w~ould fny the rates named for: ioard, ioiid not liesitate to indulge in wine at hat price. Of sush people it may be truly taid; " a fool and hIrs hioney are soon parted." A PRUDENYT MASTER advised his drunketi tervant to ptut by his money for a rainy day, in a fo* weeks the master inquired hbow nuchb of his wages Ite bad saved. ~ "Faith, none at all," said he, "I did as f 05 bid me; it rained yesterday, and it all~ wvent." LoiE, like the- mensels, is rather a juvenile. comnplaint. Who, for instance, ever kde. it widower to die from mixing a broken heartV with a sixpence worth of arsenic O W pause for a reply. " 'ix writing for the preii," flu a yoting. lady said, when she wrote' a letter to her~ young printer lover accepting hIs ofs