Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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ORIGINAL PDETRf 'FOR THE ADTiERTISER4 H1O P E. Oh! Hope, thou never-dying light, That in the darkest hour of death Still glowest in the christian's sight, And livest in his latest breath: To Faith thou art so. near alliedi To all her votaries so dear, Thou art forever by her side, - Her champions to support and cheer. how oft tlfy promises of bliss Are only in the fiture shown flow often we fraitioir miss Is by the past tou sadly knowft. tut what were life without thiis hope; * Without a ray topierce the gloom roor wanderers, we might IMindly grope .ur passage downward to the tomb. The sun with morning gl'ry shines, Brightens in i s meridian blaze But fading soon as he declines, ~ He hides from us his setting rays. But Hope smiles on from morn till e'enr And keeps her shining face in view ; Though clouds and darkness intervene, She loses not her golden Iue. The silvery moon her beanis might shed, The golden stars their twinkling light But hope once from the boson fled, What darkness would roll on the night! Sun, moon and stars night shine again, But if no ray of hope were there, On me their light were shed in vain Amid such darkness and despair. Harmuony. We have been much gratified at the spirit of conciliation and mutual forbearance, which, until recently, has existed among parties in our State, professing to be equally desirous, and bent on resistance to Federal wrongs and usurpations, but who unfortunately differed as to the mode of redress. After an embit tered contest the return of harmony and good feeling was calculated to have a pro pitious influence upon the public mind, in di vesting it of party prejudices, moderating extreme opinions and restoring just senti ments. The caln which has succeeded a heated strife has been peculiarly favorable for cooling off the ardor of the passions, and preparing the minds of those who will soon assemble in Convention to consider of the highest interests of the State for a cool and deliberate judgment. But the most desperate attempts are now being made to destroy harmony, and to plunge the country again into intestine strif'e. The people are called tiomn to sinell out gun powder plots.aid to walk wearily lest a mime may explode under their very feet. A terror stricken fancy conjures up hlanmitomns of dark intrigue and secret machinations: beetling precipices-horrible pits-and all that sort of of things, is said to be before theni ; and they are warned that the great bugbear,secessionm, is on the eve of being perpetrated. The silence of the secession press is pointed to as exceedingly ominous, and editorials are written to explain it. Now all this is the meanest stuff, and its purpose is so apparent, that the manufacturers need not hope to gull the people with any such articles, accompan ied with ever so great a flourish of trumpets. What are the facets ? The people have said they are not ready for secession. The seces siont press have acquiesced in that decision. They have turned over the responsibility to the co-operation party, and have been gen erous enough to throw no obstacles in the way of their plans of resistance. by observ ing silence. Whatt more could they do, in all candor ? The eo.operation press quar relled with us fomr advocating secession, and n1ow they arc picking a quarrel with nia be. cause we are silent. What do theyv want!? It is expected that the secess1i press and the secession party will renonnce their prin ciples! Sturely not in this free country. They have promised to support any measure of resistance the co-operationists mightt pro pose. Why don't they make their peofosi tion ! The fact is the party is begin ning to feel its embarrassments :.nd the attempt is made to divert the publie expectation from thme promises which they have been so liberal, by insinuations and inuendmes against the seces sionists. Goaded by the home-thrusts of our friend of the Patriot, in whose handsI the secession press left them, they are be ginning to entertain some faint realization of their true position. Ihenee the attempts to mystify-nay, humbug the people with the prospective terrors of seession-a thing they know to be entirelv cout of the ques t-ion. There arc too, doubtless, some pri vate interests to be subserved by this anxie t~y for the public weal. That which i brought forth in strife, must needs have strifo to prolong its existence. Discord is its meat andi drink. Some people cant get along unless they have the coun try together by the cars.. That is their trade. But we forbear. All we intend to say is, that itf the co-operation press expect to renew party asperity, and again to disturb the- rtponeof the country, they wini have to do it without our assistance. Seces.sion is no longer be before the people, and it is vain to hope that wve will aid in sowing dissens.ions to bolster up a party. If our silence annoys our co operation friends, it must evce, be so). Res pect for the will of the people demands it of Us. Jut if they want a- quarrel, we can tell them where they can get it to their hearts content-The Patriot has throwvn down the gauntlet to them, and we would humbly sug gest that they might better engage thiem selves ia defending the resistance corn pr'exion of'their prineiples from the charges which have been so-freely made and so well sustained. WVhy is it they do not respond to the lambasting the Patriot has bestowed upon them and why do- they repose so meek ly under his unmerciful inflietions .-Ander Bonl Gazette. INvESTIGkrION INTO THlE CONDLICT of THlE CosIMISsiosERS ON THlE MEX'eN CLI.MS. A select committee of five with power to send for persons and papers, has been ap pointed in tihe United States Senate, to in vestiente and examinethe proceedings of the late ioard of Commissioners on the claims of various persons against Mexico, aring chiefly out of the late war, This investigation will. bring out a vast development o;f curious matters in connec tioni with Gardiners' claim, Mears'eclaim, and others of which we have heard so much. Revelations are expected in referene to ex-Minmisters that will astonish the public. If these cases aro probed to the bottom, there is no doubt that there will be laid bare an amount of Galphitnism tha mt will enst all the Galphinism of General Taylor's cabi net into tha shade;.-N. Y. Hlerald. A GR~.vr Ennber of persons have lately died in Paris from apoplexy, caused, it is sup posed, by the unseasonable mildness of the EDGEFIELD, S- - THURSDAY, MARCH 4, I862, TO TIE PATRONS OF THE ADVERTISER. As a candidate for public favor, in the character of Associate Editor, friant aftd great difficulties present themselves to my view. The opinion of a large and intelligent community, the vast respon sibility, the important duty and (I may justly add) the very little toleration generally granted to the Editorial tribe, must certainly create embarrass ment, if not produce a reasonable degree of ap prehension. in the mind of him who now addresses poti. Deeply sensible of his own inability, and evet mindfrl of his many infirmities, he readily admits that his presumption may manifest itself in undertaking with " weak and unexamined shoul. ders" so responsible and ardnous a task. At an age too, when the follies and absurdities of youth lhave scarcely ceased, when passion still exerts her sway, and reason and ptudenee are just be' ginning to operate,- It will perhaps appear arrogant for youth and inexperience to assume the position and undertake the duty of practised wisdom and adknowledged ability. This much the undersigned has thotight it ne cessdry to premise, more from dnty and conformiht to custom than with the hope or wish of escaping the general lot of humanity-censure and criti cism. Nor would he be so inconsiderate as to ask indulgence from that quarter, whence lie knows it is never granted, and from whence It vere the very acme of foolishness to expect it. If, as was the prevailing opinion among the ancients " mcdi ocribus esse poetis non homines non di non con cessere columnac," certainly, in our day. a still less degree of moderate ability is allowed in Edi. toribus. Indeed, the greatest satirist of the pre sent day dignifies the Editor with the very happy sobriquet of' a "literary hack," as if lie were not able to direct himself, but must necessarily have the guidance of the rein, and that too inder whip and spur. True, the muses have rarely, if ever, fancied the Editor. Ie can invoke with success neither him " whodiwellest upon Parnassus," nor those who sport around the Pierian Spring. Helicon's sacred hill, and Castalia's sparkling fount, are not to be deserted for the smoky garrc t and contracted -apartments of a modern Editor. " Mora fila" is an occupation fit for beings of a less etherial temper-the scissors a formitible looking instrument at best, and the printer's devil a sorry companion for the tuneful nine. ilis Pe. gasus, if lie should he so fortunate as to mount one, dwindles down to a Rosinante-he is com pelled to draw upon his own resources and say with the fantastical Spaniard, in " Love's Labor Lost," "devise wit, write pen-1 want whole volumes in folio ;" not having. like Ilamet. the consolation of promising to his pen sweet and delightful re pose. If, however. the " fire that never tires or ceases to dazzle" is not his, still the Goddess Minerva lights ttp his casque-before him lies the garden of science and literature, filled with rich and varied h-rning, front whose sacred beds lie can still gather fruits and flowers, " fruits where. in lie nepenthe, flowers that are flowers of Ama rand." If genius or commanding talents were essential, or must necessarily belong to the Editor, then the name hereunto subscribed would never appear in that capacity; but if (as lie believes will appear from the foregoing remarks) indefatigable industry and unwearied exertion will,suffice. then he is certainly entitled to a fair trial, and in point of labor, at least, will not shrink from a comparison with tihe toihrof fils predecessors. Iisce rebus psrtdictis, it will, of course, be ex peetedl that the undersigned should present to the public the views wvith which lie enters upon his duties. As to the causes which have influenced him, he iil say little ; for if nmotive lbe to action in the moral wvorld what cause is to efye~ct itn the nmaterial, then those motives which, overcoming all others, finally prev-ail, arc certainly the most powerful. Ini the present instance. the-y are briefly as follows: The mind of every tuan thirsts for an intelligence similar to itself--seeks for tind must be allied with some kindredl nature--ail its powers and facubie.s require sympathy from like powers in other beinge-hence to love one another. is essential to hiappiniess--andi good senise, ns well as experience, teaches that cordial co-operation, constant conmnmunion, and free nndl active inte-r course with our fellow men is the true secret of 'ontentment, and constitutes the very chmarm0 of existenmce. H ow then is this to b'e ell'ertedl better than through the columns of the piress-especially by one at that temperate interval of manihiod de scribedl as being " too old for the yoting and yet too young for the oldi." Born where men are proud to b~e, I love my country well--her altars and fire-sides are to me most dear, and to benefit that country has ever been oy first and nmost ardent wvish. lielievinig then, as 1 do, that the Press is the great P'alladium of our domestic liberty, the very foiunt from whence we are to expect the waters of our ealva tion, I amin more than willing to exert my powers. limited though they be, in its behalf and for its advaincement, concluding with the patriotic Cur ran, that however feeble and worthless those powvers may be, " I should not thieve them from my country," It is as yet the boy's mite, and his only consolation is that, like thme widow's it may in after dlays be turned to some advantage. As to my political principle, it is scarcely neaces sary to say tmore tihan that they are the same as our paper has heretofore advocated. I shall, hnwever, attach myself to no party, espouse no particular creed. As yet vitiated by no political bias, Ishall followu where honor and conscience dictate. True, in the recent and exciting contest in our District my sympathies were enlisted upon the side of Secesrsion, yet not the least bitterness was then entertained, or has been since cherished against the 9thmer party. Our Co-operation friends, ever nobhp and frank, and! generotus, and open-treated us with all due courtesy and fairness, and with honest Jack, we shall like them the better for it thme rest of oar life. My younger and slenderer taper " shall as prts dence dic-tates or occasion requires," imbibe bor rowed light from the more enlarged and redundant fountain of our Senior Editor; and though I write with rough and all umable pen, still, prefer ring the more equitable mode of being judged ra thter by my diligence and labor than any pretetq sion to talent and ability, I hope to merit a small piortion of public favor and regard. JOIIN BACON. Ef WE call attention to the article of "J1 stus" on tis page. The writer touches upon subjects of tch importance, and w'e hope he will enlarggIereon hereafter. Will not some ane joini him an arguing the topic to wvhich he last refersi A disctussion of this question at this tiume rnight result in evolving useftul hints upon the ul! mportant subject of Education. [F Faosr the Firm of GA RRET'T & Co., N I., we have received a Romance entithled ' Asrv LAwRENcE." It purports to be thrilling y interesting. We have not read it an 1 cannot herefore decide upon its merits. Will some one of >or literary friends, who- have more leisure, test rfrrus. MIELANCHOLY AFFRAY. A difficulty occurred at this place on Monday last, between Mr. ELDRK? GLovER and Dr. SAM uEs, which resulted in the formet being shot through. le died on the next day. In the course of the fight, Mr. EDENEZEa CHAMBERLAIN, (father-in-law of Mr. GLoVRa) also received a setere tound in the forehead, in flicted, it is supposed, by a blow from a pistol. Air. C. is thought t'o be doing well, and it is hoped that he will speedily recover. Dr. SAMUELS, as we Understand, delivered him self up and it ig supposed will be admitted to bail. We pronounce no opinion as to the character and complexion of the difficulty. 0UR COURT, Tgi Court of common please and general ses-I sions. commenced its sitting at this place on Mon day last, his Honor Judge EVANS, on the Bench. The State cases are few and of small importance, The return of writs and sum pros did not exceed three hundred and fifty. It Is stipposed that the business of the Court will be entirely gotten through with in two weeks. We congratulate the District upon the diminu. tion of litigation within our borders. Several cases. which were to have been re-argued this term. have been settled-atong them the tvell. known one of MCCARTEY vs. 3MCCARTEY, which had become almost as famous for its long con tinuance as the case of Peebles and Plainstanies of Scotch celebrity. ------- ACKXWO.DGEIEN1TS. Wt are indebted to the lHon. R4 11. Innt'r for a copy of his able speech upon the " Compromise measures"-and to the lion. 11. F. STocKToN, of New Jersey, for his remarks upon " non-interven tion," TRINITY SABBATH SCHOOLS. I- gives us pleasure to announce that these very beneficial schools are to be re-opened on Sunday next. That they are productive of decided good there can be no doubt , and they are deserving of the encotiregetrient of this community. The manner in which they have been heretofore con ducted is entirely worthy of commendation. For the advantage of the White School, two hundred new volumes have been procured. In the Colored School, the instruction is entirely oral. The Catechism used is by the Revereind C1AR LES CotcocK Jonres, D. D., an eminent Southern Presbyterian Clergyman. JUDGE O'NEALL, PHILIP WHITE AND OUR. SELF. WE find. by the last State-Rights Republican. that we have incurred the animadversion of his Honor, Jott BI.TON O'NE.t.t,, for not having activelyespoused the cause of Mr. PitiLtr WutttE, who lately lectured at this place. As the Judge is not the star of our idolatry in either moral or political ethics, his stricture is of no great conse. qttcnce to its. We announced in distinct terms that 3r. Wn t-rE had established " hisguiltle.ssness" of tie charges preferred against hitn to the general satisfaction of this community. But the Judge is of opi.il'nt that we should have gone farther and have brand ed M1r. Joxes (ne suppose) as a liar. Such course might suit the dashing and impetuous tem. perament of his Honor-but did not,- and does not now accord with our more phlegmatii dispo sition-especially as, according to our understand ing, 3r. WHt'rE had given Mr. Jos.s an iniplied assurance that nothing more would be published, in reference to him, than the letter signed by Mr. J. and published in our last number. If, according t.> the Judge's unmeaning ani we apprehend the fatult-is with the 'friends of Mir. WutrE, who prepared the letter which Mr. JONES evettually signed for publication. To) assert that ottr editorial notice of the circumstance atmotinted to saying "nothing," is a blunider extraordinary on the part of his H~onor, as the face of that no tice will abundantly prove to every unprejndiced mind. We could show that our publication of M~r. Josts' first letter has resulted, here, ini advantage to 3Mr. WVnrrE's inlitience and to the Tetmperatte Icause.* as conntected with that gentletnan ; bitt we Ideeum it utnnecessary to dwell longer upon the GOLD IN EDGEFIEL. Ot:T-stnEus may thtink it a joke, but it is never thel.-ess cernini that we have in our District a re.gtular goild mine regtularly worked and regular ly produictive of hattdsome profits. We alludle to 3Mr. W. D)oan's mine not tnany iiles from Lib erty Hlill. We tunderstand that MIr. D. recently struck a new vein which is richer than atny he has fotind heretofore. In one week, with eight hands. lhe reatised $800 worth of gold dust. Stand back. California ! MIany a man tmay be sleeping, night after night, in a but tupon some rocky bill, with scarcely blankctsq enough to keep him comforta ble, when, all the time, hidden gold may be in the very earth beneath him. Lay aside! the With-hazel andt call Science in, atid other veins might be foiud beside those running through 3Mr. Doa,'s premnises. SCOTT'S WEEELY PAPER. Wuto~vsa is desirous of reading the most in teresting sheet of light literature, publisheid in the Union. will find his desire gratified by taking: the above-named Paper. It is full of the most pleas ant Tales, Sketches, Treatises, Poems &c. In deed we are compelled, in justice, to place It at the very head of Publication. of that stamp. If wve could see our Southern Presses excelling or even rivalling '- Scott's Weekly," we would be satisfied. Several, that comne within our ken, are stepping forward handsomely in this literary race. We say to-themr, beat Scott's atnd you will have done much for Southern advanicemetnt. The " Weekly Paper" is published at S8 per annum. T'E3PERA!Cs. WE hare received a circular from Judge O'NESLL, as President of the 'State Temper ance Society," for which we retturn our thanks. The proposition is briefly and forcibly set forth of raising a Temperance Fond for the more active propagation temperance principles throogh out the State, by the purchase of Books. Tracts &c., and by the employment of suitable Lee turers. Any one can become a manager in the Tent perance Publication Society by being pledged to total abstinence and by cotntributing $50 to the general fund. 820 will constitute any pe-rson a life-member-and $5 annually will confer the~ privilege of membership. The circular sets forth that Sonth Carolina is far behind her sitter States in this, as in many ther things. We wish the cause well-and trrnt it may be judiciously andl effeictively carried 0m. -.5. GRAIN CROP. Tnrs general conclusion is that Wheat is ufore ackward than it has been for many years ; and any entertin fears of disaster to it in the Spring, uch as rust, &c. But we hope it witl grow offy apidly and head at the usual time yet. Fall Oats wvere frozen out almost entirely. Mlost ofour farmers sowed again. The Spring Oats havoe omec up finely trnd will now grow off boldly. Rye L. miser..ale ..e'o=-wen manured lots, RANDOM POLITICAL REFLECTIONS. In there a doubt as to the fact that the people of South Carolina are, by- overwhelming niajor" ty, opposed to Separate Action ? Evidently not. We therefore say that it' unreasonable to expect that this, or any kind;*. measure, will now re ceive their sanction, evrtthough enacted by our Convention. The only eFect of such an enact ment would be to force Carolinians into another political controversy, siiilar to-the one through which they have just-pangd. -Ofr opinion is that this resuli is to be depreaied, at being likely to prov'e, not onli useless, bit positively injurious to our best'interests. To suppose thatithe dominant part y would submit to-be gnided into- any coure i of policy, at variane'- ith the- principles upon which they have so recently carried the State, In idle. To suppose that ws, the chief corner-stone of whose creed has beenrjected at the ballot-box within the last six months' should be able in 1852 to rally a majority around a piece -of patch-work, when we could not in 1851. command it for a no ble, direct and captivating policy, which was in entire accordance with our whole previous history, and with the recorded genius of our people, is also idle. We say it is idle, because it is entirely op poaed toall human probaliilities. What then is to be gained by forcing this ques tion at this titne upon an unwilling people ? We woold not answer prophetienlly, but our serious apprehension is that nothing will come of it but further discord and a astilj more unfortunate droop Ing of the Palmetto Flag. Shall it be said that Secessionists should present the issue of action or ion-action thus broadly again to the State, that the oilium of submission mitrht he more glaringly incurred by the Co-operationists than it has already hteen? We simply ask. itt reply, whether the futne of olit cominon mother should he more deeply skaine'd to gratify mere party caprices? Lit each Secenionist ask himself, whether lie sincerely believes it possible to carry the State at this time for any degree at action. If he does not. then it is his bounden duty to smother the fundly cherished desire of his heart, for the present at least. and to lend hil aid -towards retrieving, as far as possible, that loss of' citaracter anti position which lie believes his State has suffi-red. We have subjected ourselves to this test. and. in our humble .vay, are endeavoring now to act accor ding to our convictions. SEAS00AVU. WE have been hieysed within the last week with fine and gentle rains, which have soaked the earth most elegantly. Ndthing could have come in hetter time. The grornd will now he in beau tiful condition for planting, as soon as the surface shall have become sufficiently dry. Planters are mostly rendy for putting in seed, and many a corn-hill will be lo-ated within a very few days; May every one of them bring forth from one to Iwo ears - 00 I fE.U N I I A T I0 N S, FoR TtI ADvERT sFE. Ma. Entroa :-Permit us through the nedlium, of your valuable paper, to call the attention of y..uir readers to the Southern and Western Re riet:, one of the ablest Reviews published in this or any other country. It is published int Charlestotn by Mr. B. F DEBfow, and Edited by onie of the noblest sons of the Palmetto State. It is entirely deroted to the interests of the slave-holding States, and for these reasons we think that it lia a stronilaitu to the support of all who at'e at all farbra ~4Synthern ente-rprise andl Southern indepena1. In Its e'oliumns -the Southi, her institutions and her rights are ably vindicated ; hcr poawer and resources are fully set forth, andi while her patth of duty is faithfully mtarked aot, her noble destiny is strikingly and truthfully developed. We know or no publication which is exe-rtitng a nmore poktnt inafltuencte in fivot-r of outhterna Union, Southetrn developament, and Saottherni independence, than "J Drlow's Southrn and Wstern Reviee.'' It has already attained aI mtuc-h lar-ger circulation than anty other lIeavie~w in this country, which fact speaaks well f-ar South arn e-nte-rprise and Suthern nppreciatiaon. llkving that this Rleview- is known hut by few in caur Disttrict, we shiall rest perf-etly- satis fea1 if this short notice will tenad to bring it fairly befaore the puballic, re-sting assuraed that if its merits are- propeurly ktnown they will be dualy ap preciatead, and will meet that suipport ini our Disv trict that it has received elsewhere, SOUTIl ERN LITERATUJRE. FOft TnlE ADERtTtSER. A T a regular 'meeting oaf W~asmxiaToN Dtvi stos, No. 7, Sons of T-empcrance, nt Edgefwa-ld Curt Hoause, on Thaursday, 26th Feu-aury, the folowinig Preambahle and litesoluitions, were untani mously adopted: W~itEatEAs, Pulii.tP S. ltTE, P. M. W. P. of the National Division, in his gener-otis mtission hia. visite-d otur Village. anal has been einrntly successful, in advocatitng the Temperance Re fomn, to which, for the last ten or twelve years, he tas been nobly devoting his tinie, his talents, his strength and his property: Anad whereas, a letter, originating from ant entire maisconceep titan of the language, sentiments, and prinaciles of Mr. WnrrvE, htas been given a circulatioan highly calculated to injure the great cause, he so zealously and eloquently espotises: Anal whetens, from a full diseussion of the mierita of mid letter, between its author, M~r. JONEs and ir. WurrEa had publicly, we have been made ully satisfied of its error, and of is inapplica bility to the person charged in it; Therefoare, Rexnlred, That wve have yndiminish~ed contfi Elence in the character, maotitks and houor of Mr. Wtira. Resolaed. That from a careful inv-estigation 'f all the circumstances of his life atnd hist ory his birth-phice anid family connexiaons, and from Spatient hearing of the accusattions ttgainst hinm, td of his own vinidication, we are unalterably prsuadecd that he is truly Southern not only rom his associations, b~ut ftranm his habits, his reeings, and his impulses-that he is faithful to !te South-to her interests, to her institutious, td to her spirit. Resolved, That wve cordially recommend Mir. Wrira to all the friends of Temnperatce and rder, as one of their ablest and most devoted ,hampionts, anal as their boldest tanatdarad hearer. Resolred, That the papers copying th~e lettet >f Mr. G. W. Josvs, be requested to copy these [esolutions. R. T. MIMS, ActinsgW. P. Jeans C. MATSON, R. S. FCa -tE ADTEaTISEa. Sia. Erort :-I see in your paper of last ve an article from the " Southern Stantdard." tatitg that I Itad said " that I uias not certain hat thme Mr. Wiurra, now hectut-ing on Temipe ane, was the individual alluded to, in nmy ommunication in your paper: Now, Sir, will oa please allow nme to say,-in justice to myself, hat I never said any s.1:h thaing, but on the ontrary, we met in the Chuwch at Edgefield ~ourt Uousc, and a retognition tookt place. FOR THlE ADVERTISER. Mr. Erditor-Permit me to thank you fot the suggestions thrown out by you, in a late number of th.u Advertiser, with regard to our future policy. The course indicated by you I&, I think, the only one we can pursue, under the circuni stances, with honor and profit. The chivalry of the State has indeed, I fear, sufl'red a sad de eline. And if this is the ease, so much more is it necessary to call into exercise those more.so ber ,:irtues, which, though not so brilliant, yet add dYually to the prosperity and stability of a State. And if we have decided that our pros perity, individual and State, is to be preferred to the assertion of a high and noble .prilnciple, we should look well to it that we lose not buth. One we have already lust, are we sure of the other? There is, I think, work enough for every man to do, before we can become an eminently prospe -rous people; for that we are alrely so, no one can assert, who has eyes to see and will use them. .That-we are not a manutheturing people, I do not regret, because tn agricultural people is al ways most prosperons and happy. But that we are too entirely dependent upon our Western neighbors for iiules. for horses. aid for pork and bacon. I do most deeply deplore, when these ar ticles could be produced most abundantly at home. It is always to the interest of any people to produce at home every article of daily con sunption, inl so far as they are able. We have a genial climate, and a soil whose fertility has been unsurpassed. That it is not so now is, per haps, in a great measure, owing to its original fertility. A nd here is a great work for our agri culturists to do. We have imiernse traets of worin-oht land, (so ealled,)-in fact what was once the very best lanl in the state is ntow so exhiaat ed that it will scarcely produce any thing. JM it is only tle surface soil that is exhansted. Land can never wear out. There are always in the earth, and the atmosphere surrounding it, ele melts whose tendency is ever to re;tdore it to its i riginal fertility. Pilt agrieuhiurists mjust assist nature in this restorative process. 3eeause without tleir assistance the process is very slow, takinw mn-any years to performn whait night be done in a few. And here the light of science becomes necessary. Our agriculturists must he scientifie men, that is, they munust understand the generl principles of vegetable chemistry. Mueh as our farmers are disposed to ridicule book farming, (thouigh I rtjiice that that ridicule is growing less daily.) yet experience has shown that Imuch vlahble assistance umay be derived 'rom books anl agricultural journals. Maniy of the now best farins in Vilginia, were a few y-ars ago utterly worthless. But the great work of the regeneration of our State does not rest entirely with the farmers. Every class, lawyers, merebants. anI m,,eclanies must cueeonrage homne literature, hme talcent, home ingenuity and industry. Our farmers shoulil have in every community their agrieilu ral societies-our literary and scientific men their literary and scientitie institutions-our mechanics their nechanic institutes. .Thus the striving of each for perfection in his individual calling, would tend to the prosperity of all. But above and be-yed all thim. our State, in its legislative capacity, has something to do, A nd its first awld greatest efyort, in the .haumble opinion of thec writer, shoul be devoted to the genernl diffusion of eduenmtion. I hohlI that it is the duty of thne State or any State to provide -fur the education, to a certain exstent, of every' child rearedi within its limuits. Withouti a genleral dif fusion of knowledge rno people can long continue prosperous nde iamlependent. A nd that wve .nre sufliciently well edneated who will ray, when one-fifteenth of our adult population ean neither read nor write I Upon this suhjcct, Mr. Editor, (thatt is, upon thme subject of the general Free School system.,) I shall be happy tfe hear frotm an~y one, eithuer pro or conm. It is a subhjeet I woul.d be glad to see ngitated and I know of no better time than the present. J UNIU~S. Conugress. WXass.rros, Feb,. 29, 1852. -Tn the Senate on Sat urdav Mr. Clemens. of Alabamra, conltinnled his re~ply to Mr. Rhmet t. HeI was persomnl, atnd used la n gnage of great severity. Mr. Rhett replied, that he Neeted not h ing else lt caluminy, as lhe cold not hol the genti .an to a personal re-ponsiility. ie wotult not, engage in duelinmg, being a ch nreb memb er, which relatlion lie haid sus tauined fur twenty tears. Ilut no matter whant coturse was5 pursue.! by his opponente, lie wonld not suiffer any thintg to divert h~iim from the prekeentionl of, the' great ennmme of' State rights. Tie repeated thme eburge against Mr. Clemens, thaut he had~f bargamined with the Whaigs to obtain a re-election to the Senate. Mr. Clemetns rejoined. and expressed his suirprisc that at profesinmg christiann could murder reputation. IsvAistos or E'xot.,an n'1 FR.t'eE.-Theo late news from Engzlanid, in rel~acion to a ptrobahle war between that. country :ind France is the subjet t or'general remark. The New York Comnmercii Advertiser, in refer ring to the military mouvemnents ini England, E We do not thmink that any of these trove meats in Eunglamnd have any special reference to France, or originate in any fenr of a rup ture with her. It is more probable, wve con ceire, that Great Britain has resolved to give a strong negative answer to Rnssinl and Anm" tria, which powers have more than once al most demanded that England shalh no longer be a refunge for politienil otffenders; and is disposed to show those despotisms that she is qtuite prepared to stand by her refusal to comply with the demand." In confirmni(;n oif this idea the London Standard and the United Servico Gazette state thatt it is the intention of Louis Napo leon to reduce the army, by abolishing the systetm of prescriptionm. WVE observe that thme four negroes, hailing from Masachusetts, wvho were recently eon rieted foir attempting to abduct a slatve fronm Texas, wetre snld into bondage, beeause they were unable to pay their fines. Thus, the ibolitionista prevail upon simple nminded persons to violate the laws, amnd then, rather than put their hands in their pockets and issist in gettitng thmeir- deluded victims out of rfouble by paying their fmnes, they stand thoof and allow them to be sold itnto slavery'. I'his i.a fair specimen of abolition philan tropy.-New York Herald. THE effective military force of Great lBri amn at the present moment amounts to 130, )00 men. There are besides 140 regiments if nmilitia senttered over different parts of .ho. United Kingdom. Fifty regimetnts of reomianry and thte out pensioners' battalions .nmntihete t he rliannnk forces of the country Arrival of the Steamer Africa. BALTIMORE, Feb. 28, 1852. The steamer Africa has arrived, bringing dates from Liverpool to the 14th ult., repre senting the cotton market as buoyant. - On the I1th the cotton market was well sustained, and on the 12th and 13th the pres. sure of stocks on the market was less than for some time past-the sales of the two days being 20,000 hales-the market closing with an advance of 1-16th. On the 14th the market was very firm, 'and on qualities above middling fully 1-16th above previous quotations, with sales between 8,000 and 9.000 bales. The demand for speculation :lml export seeming to have an upward ten. deney. The Board of Brokers make the following I quotations: Fair upland 5. Mobile 5j, Or leans 5.1. Sales of th'e week 57,000 bales. 1 Flour declined 6d. SECOND DESPATCH.-Cotton closed at 1-16th advance, and the market buoyant. In flour business was dull. Wheat declined Id; Corn his an advancing tendency. In poli.ical matters the chief item of in terest is a belief in the dissolution of the Enlglish Ministry, which is anticipated. There were sliht disturbances in one dis trict, and the Populace were with difficulty dispersed. Advices from Rome state that the presence of the French troops in Rome is regarded with a teeling of abhorrer.ce both by the )cople and the Pope. Attempts have been made to assassinae some of the soldiers. and a French inspector of police was stabbed. Thie French Government has determined to request the Government of Belgium to remove fron the field of Waterloo the Lion and other monuments erected upon it coin ni-moralting the Engtisli vietory. TIRa DESP.rA-It.-TIe sales of Rice in i Liverpool were limited, with prices r.miging tron 16.4 6d it 18ed. for rrdinary to good. Engand will resist Napoleon's demand upon Belgium to remove the monuments from the field of Waterloo. Tut. Gitizzix BA a.-Attempts have re centiv been imade in this country to under rate lhe power of Russii. The followinr paragraph from the Wnshington G. be has n air of truth about it, which will go fir to dampen the intervention enthusiasm now so rampant in some parts of the country: " It is very well flor those who have much moneyi1t-v to sp:ire or even a litle, to contribute to Ie InH iariam fund, as its ultimate deti. nation will be, we hope. to do good in some shape or other-to relieve the wants, if nuuthiing else. Ent those who contribute under the belief that they are doing any. thing effectual to promote the establilahment of f luntgarian independence, deceive them. selves, we are sorry to say. To rescue lungary fron the grasp of the Emperor and the Czar, would require a force of five hun dred thonsand men. and a fund of $5,000, t(100,000 at least; aid where all this ' male rial aid" is to coenic from we are not finan ie-rs eniougrh to see. We have lived too lom. nid r-ead too much about Russia, her popuilation, her resources and her power, to believe all that we have heard and read withini the last two months about her "spee trill," powerless and exhausted condition. We know that she is not only the bugbear, but the terror of all Europe; that all the powerw are afraid of her, 'and Great Bri:ain not the least of any. The British govern nient would let the Czar trample upon the rights of every independent State in Eu rope, as Ie his trampled upon Hungary, before it would go to war with him, uinless Engi~rkmuds owni interests were directly and serious.ly involved." ARTIFIetAr. Pntoit:CToN or TCE.-The net of producing It-e by machinery, on scientific principles so ebenzply as to red niee greatly the cost of thait luxury- ini warm elimates, is a bout Ibe-ing putl to ai prai-cin test in this country. D)r. Gorrie, of Apaninehicola, (Fla.) a gen tlemain oft establithed reputation as a lea.rned and sicitie man, is the originator of the prces nnd ha~s secuir'-d a patenit for it. The fentsibility of the plan. and its ceep ness ha~ve met the approving opinions oft many scienitihic nitn who have inivestigated the 'subject. 3l r. William A. Wood, of 'Aaieicol~a. is now he-re on his way to New1 York, t'or lie lpuirpose of mnaking dehinii:e :ir rangemetnnts ter the construction of a muachinie. ierr desires to nneke arrange-mnents now, or on his ret urn from New York. for the esitablishi mnent of this mnieine here for the ice mann If-ietire. From the data submitted to our aitte-ntioni, it woul appear that no b~usiness lin extant, enni yil as arge a profit for the amiounit of eapital e-mploye-d. Air anid water, both very eep articles,nare the only ingredients used. It is eslimated lby Profe\.ssor Retiviek, that the entire cost ofl iniitnfnetutring liee on this principle will not exceed $3.50 per ton. $tneh a result would be :un inenicuilable bemnefaetor to mankind. The product in of ice by the dilatationi of air into whic-h watery vap'or is dilfuse-d is a common anid simple experimient of the che-m ist's l-ctnire room. But the applicntion of the piriniciple on a inrter scnle as the invention of Dr. Glorrie is designed to do, is a startling novelty. The cost of a machine wthich will prcdtuce eight tons of ice daily, is estimated at $8000. We sh~old lbe pleased to see the immense and inecrenising demnand at this point for ice stippliedl on the terms proposed.-Augusta Cost itutiionlist. CoL,. BFNroN AND INTERVENTION.-The St. Louis Repuibliean says the Kossmh fever has abated there, anid remarks: " It is niow we-ll known that Col. Benton has dist inct ly avowed himself opposed to Kossutth's proposition of the interven tion of out- Gove-rnment in the affairs of Europe. He has denounced it openly and publicly; and. hence the fltutteritig and " a-king in the shioes" of the faithful here. We do not pre'endt to know how far the panic has spread ; but it is evident, to a mere enstial observer. that there is a great "caving in" among the boisterous and undaunted." Du.FADFU:L ACCIDENT-LosS OF TEN LIvES -Yesterday morning, while the men em ployed on the Great WVestern Raiilroad, under the heights, near the lower bridge, the bank gave way, and buried ten of thenm under an imnmense load of stone and earth. One per son was most fortuniately sa-ved by the pron'pt action of the foreman. He was5 standing farther out thtan thme rest, and at the first fall lie was seized by the foreman and dragged out of cdantger. Immned iately afterwards another full took place, amid ani immense por tion of the bank covered the spot on which he stood a secoind before. The bodies dug out presented the most hornifying appearance. They were crushied amnd mutiliated in an inidescribable manner. Five of the unfortunate men we understand, were married.-Hamilton (C. WV.) Express, Feb. 3. THE EFFECTS OF INTEMPERACE.-The WVetumnpka (Ala.) Gnard, in an article on the Penitentiary, says: " It is a fact, that of the bne humndred atnd sixty now itn the prison, the use of liquor,and~ the habit of getting drunk, has been the cause, directly or indirectly, of From California. BALTIMORE, Feb. 28, 1852. Tihe steamer Prometheus arrived from San Francisco with dates to the 2d ult., with pas sengers and $430,000 in gold. A revolution had broken out among the Mormons in the. Salt Lake Valley. They h .ve issued a declaration of independeiee, and are arming and fortifying the country, determinied to set up a republic. The miners on the Sacramento river are meting with great success, and work night andl day. John B. Weller. democrat, formerly Rep resentative itl Congress from Ohio, has been elected Senator: The whigs made no nomi nation. Capt. Woods, formerly of Savannah, yvas murdered in Bear Valley. HAPPY RESULTS FROM CHLOROFoRM.-aOn the 14th ult. Dr. H. A. Potter, of Gorham, in this county, performed one of the-most deli cate operations upon a lady of Chautauque county that the human system is often sub jected to. It consisted in removing two tu mors from beneath the large pectornl muiscle of the right breast and the entire group of lymph-tic glands from the arm-pit.. The latter were nine in number, and wereimuch disensed, prolducing nuch suflering to-the p itie'nt.. The ehloroform, was'administered by Dr. B. H. Buck. assisted by Dr. Rhodes aid others. Ani extensive incision was made, with the arm of the patient extended. The entire operation occupied some 25 minutes. atd during the dissection of tu mors from among and beneath the blood vessels and nerves, which are numerous in this section, not a muwenlar fibre was seen to move. Some five miiutes after the opera. tion vas done the palienat opened her eves and said. "I nt yet conscions, do not. ope rate until I am more affected by the chloro. ormn." When told the operation was over, she was much nffected with joy, and aid she, was not conscious of having experienced anty pain.-Geneva Gazettc. BntuTIL ASSAUT.T.-We have jist heard of a most shocking and barbarous attnek upnn a younig woman, of this District, which sIe will hardly survive. She is the daugliter of Mr. John Hembree, and was to have been imrried on last night. Some time on yester day her screams were heard by others of the faiily, who were at work near at hand, anil upon going to see what was the matter, she was found somne two hundred yard-s from the hontse. almost senseless, with her head dreadfully biruised and cut with more than a dozen frightfiul g:n-hes, and the physician reports that the skull is fractured in several plices. Site has since revealed the perpe trator of the inhnmjman deced, who is her uncle, j:ine.s Hembree, and he is now unher arrest. We have not heard the motive that led to the eonmission of thisaet, but it is said that the Uncle was opposed to the marriage. [Anderson Gazette, Feb. 25. MAsonR.-At the Annual Convocation of the M. E. Grand Royal Arch Chapter, of Sooth Carolina, held no Thursday evening, 27th Febrnary, the following Companions were elected Grand Officers for the ensuing Year: 'Comp. J. 11. Honour. M. E. Grand High Friest A. G. Miekey, E. Dep. Grand High Priest S. J. Hil, E. Grand King. W. S. Wiley, E. Grand Scribe. Rev. T. S. Arthur, E. Grand Chaplain. Z. B. Oakes. E. Grand Treasurer. Ebenezer Thayer, E. Grand Secretary. - -H. L. Butterfield,Gimd Cipt. of this Has. C. Froneberger, Grand Royal Arch Capt Samuel Seyle, Grand-Sentinel. FIouT tN THlE ('HICEAsAw NATro.-The Fort Smith Herald gives an necouint of an eeounter with four Seminole Intdiains, re turning front Texas with whiskey, to be sold in the Creelk Nation; and a pazrty of the Chikasawv Light HoIrse, ordlered ont to stop the tratlie by Col. Harper. thie Chiiekasawv :ngent. During the er nfliet, Chin-chi-ke'e, enptaini of the ightt Horse, killed three of his oppontents with a knife, after whti he wazs haimself shot throngh the hzead by a Seniiole, who is yet at large, but a forinal demtand has been mntde for him. GiarTT;DE or A ST.AVE.-' here is at Tift's Exchianige flhotel, in Mobile, a lump of pure gold..inst as it was picked up in Caliturntia, wveighuing about three pounids,.tand vulned at .,omnet hing over $600. It is a present t o 3irs. Montagnte,-.of Marengo cou nty, Ala bmzn, from a .slave now int California, who, although in aL free State, could not forget his tmistre, but sent hzer this gift ns a token of remem branute. It is, says thte Mobile Herald, cer tainly a consideruble of a curiosity as a "'speimen lufip" and the donor, every one will admit, is a " trumii." DATHr or A LADY FROM GRTEF.-Mes. Agnes Boyd, of Cincinnati, it is said, died of grief, a few daiys agro, in conserquence of the decease of her hiusband. During the week piet ions to her death she was almost con stanoly oecnpied in prayer, interrupted at fre quenit intervauls by incoherent manincal sup plientions to hter children. Shetook no food or nonrishment of any kind, save such as were forced npon her, and wvheni the stricken spirit fled, tlte fair teneement it had ocengied was redneued :almost to a skeleton. She was only 29 years o.f :age, a lady of rare necom plishmients, and the daughter of the Rev. Dr. George, of Philadelphia. REV. BAsIL MIANLT, .IR.-The pastor of the First Baptist ('hurch, Richmonid, Va., passed thro~ngh this city last wreek, on a visit to his f;.ther in Altibaima. We regret that a severe pulmonary attack has required this visit to the South West. His physician thinks that by the entire cessation from all public duties for the presenit, he will be able to resume his pastoral labors about the first of May. Ihis ahscnce from Richmond at this time, is the more latmented, as the greatest excite ment is being produced there, amnong oiur Pedo Baptist friends, by the late nnanswera ble book of Dr. Howell on the Evils of [a. fant Biaptism. BosToY, Feb. 2'.--Thte Ecelesiastical Couirt engaged in thte trial of the Rev. Mr. P'rescott for hersy, has declared the charges not sustained, except hais claim to the right to pronounce absolution to persons coming to' him. The Couirt pronounced this not heretical, but irregular, and sentenced him to be suspended until he signs' a certificate disclaiming such right. Mr. Prescott denies the right of thle Court to require such certi ficate. THlE SEA-SERPEN'T CAUGHT AT LAST The Captain of- the whale-ship Monongahelat, of New Bedford, MassnehusettR, has address ed the New York Tribune a long and cir tumstantial account of the discovery anad lapture, in the Pneifie ocean, of' a huge ma rine monster, having tho form of a serpen* with sponi,-holes like a whale, and swimming - paws. Its immense size rendered it neces sary to cut it up, but its head and bones ha've been preserved. COUNTE RFZIlT NoTES.-The Rutherfoton (N. C.) Mountain Banner states th'at. Coong - ' terfeit Fifty Dollar Notes of the Bank-ofthe State of South Carolina are in citenlaticula that neighbor.hood.e.