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When only published Monthly or Quarterly, One
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tisements tt--Et be paid for in advance.
For anrcutcing a Candidate, Three Dollars,
in advance.
For Advertising Estrays Tolled, Two Dollars,
to be paid by the Magistrate advertising.
Correspondence of the Charleston News.
Congressional Proceedings.
WASINGTON, Dec. 22, 1850.
Both branches of Congress are again keep
ing holiday, and quite a numbcr of metabers
have gone down in the steamboat to lount
Vernon, thinking, I suppose, that to be as
plesatult mode of etrning their eight dollars
per day as any.
The choice of Mr. Rhett, as Senator, is con
sidered by the friends of the South as a good
one. His former course in Congress has
shown him to be ani uncomnpromiintg chatmpi
on of her interests, and I know nany here
who like him best at a distance. Woe be to
the Free Soiler or Aboliionist who ias the
hardihood to shake a lance at Iium. If the
South had always sent such men as Ie, she
would at this day have been in a far more ad
vantageous position than she i-:.
In the House, on Monday, the Postage Re
duction bill will come up again. There are
about a score of atendments pending, but it
is still thoughat that the three cent rate will be
adopted.
The next bill on the calendar is the bill to
amend the late Bounty Land Act, so as to
make the warrants assignable, and there is a
disposition to make short work of it. I'hen
will follow the New York Branch Mint bill,
which however cannot, it is thoughtt, pass
without amendments providing Mints for
other large cities. The bill of Mr. Mende,
proposing a division of all the public lands
among the several States, has many support
ers, and he thinks lte has a sufficient number
of votes to carry it through the H u:e at le:.st.
- The Western miembers are considerably
alarmed, and will make a fierce resistance.
December 24.
During the last forty-eight iours we have
hada first class hurricane, and the wind is still
raging with great fury, to the great detiiment
of the fair sex, whont the present fahions re
quire to carry a great detl of sail.
Both branches of Congress met once more,
tthr s eyidently disposition to set
yte(s or protection, ottt to asce rt .gy
;erauds and abse t -
.seh~h disposal of some unimnportaut
matters, the resolution offered last sessiotn by
3Mr. Bradbury was taken up, and there being
no onte ready to speatk upon it. theavhohe mat
ter was postponed until next week.
'I he renmainder of the day was devoted to
the contsidlerattiont of thme bill introdttced by
31ir. Freemont latst session, providintg for lhme
settlemtent of private lhmdn claims in Califor
niat. Without any) definite actiott thereon,
the Senate adjoutrned until Thursday.
In the Ihouse, the bill to prescribe the man
ner of obtainitng evidence in eases of contest
ed elections, wvas debated and finatlly passed.
M1r. Stantly made an ineiretual tmoiont to
grant Mr. Aia WVhitney thme use of the Hall
for the purpose of lecturing ont thme subject of
htis Railroad to the Pacific. It was refused on
the ground thmat if he w~as atdmit ted for such
a putrpose, no other person having a project
before Congress could be refused.
Mr. Caldwell endeavored to itntroduce his
resolution to make the warrants under the
Bounty Latnd Act of last session, assignable
prior to thme location of the latnd. Ohjection
being made, he moved a suspensiont of the
rules ; pendiing which motion the Ihouse ad
journed to Thursday.
3Mr. Robinson,echairman of the Select Conm
nmittee on the Bounty Lamd subject, says lthe
Commaittee wvilh report in favor of making the
warrants assignable prior to location.
The speeches of Senators arc ntow report
ed mainly by boys of about fourteen years
of age, wvho by adopting the phonogr:phmic
system give as fauithftul reports as experienced
ennwho still pratice the old system of ste
ndgraphty. The higher class of speakers
alway'pi-efer these verbatim reports, but the
second-rate members are anxious to have
their arguments given in the Reporter's ownt
language. WVere ttot thme latter plan fre
quently adopted, the country would be feast
ed with somne choice specimens of peculiar
eloquence.
It is to be hoped that the biul providing thme
remodelling of the Patent Laws, will not be
again lost for watt of time to consider it, for
the existing Act is most unjust ini its operam
tion, and gives the rich plunderer a parammount
advantage over the htonest inventor wvho has
not money to answer appeals fromt coturt to
coutrt.
It is a curious fact that very frequently pa
tetnts are granted to ditTerent persons for the
same invention, the parties having had their
minds led into the same train of thought
fronm the existence of thte same diflieulties.-.
Thus, sonme time ago, a patent wats granted
for a certaint Churn, but before this could have
beeni knownt far beyond the walls of the Pa
tent onloce, two other inventors, each from
different paurts of the cottntry. had laid claim
to the identical improvement. An interfer
enco was accordingly declared, and no sooner
had the decision been made in favor of thte
patentee, titan three other inventors were
fottnd pressing their claims to the same itt
ve~ntiont. It presented atn unpresedented ease
in the history of the Patent Olhice, of seven
persoms, each a bonazfide inventor, all claiming
the samne thing and about the samte time, and
all from different portions of the country.
inf StLAVERY MovEMfENT IN CALIFORNI..
. The N. York Tribtune says that private advics
from Californis state that many of tho' cnpi
talists ini that State are making a move for a
--hange in the constitution of Camliforntit, so ats
1oro "?eace Measures."
We are to have, it appears, -another game
of conciliation and harnony and compromise
for this session, of which Mr. Clay, as a mat
ter of course, is the author. He is always
sai ing the country. On Monday last, in pre
senting to the senate a petition praying a
niodification of the tariff of 184G.
"3r. Clay said that he hoped that now, as
there was an app:irent calmness upon the sur
face of public affairs-a calmness which he
h >ped was real, and would remain-that the
subject of the tariff of 1846 would bo taken
up and acted on in a kind, a liberal, and friend
ly spirit; not taken up with any purpose of
reviving those high rates of protection which
formerly were established from various
causes, but to look deliberately at its opera
tions, nd. without disturbing any of its es
s ntial provisions, to ascertain whether the
inention of fra uds and abuses could not be
reached by some suitable legislation."
On the former occasion Mr. Clay thought
it an excellent compromise for the South to
give up every substantial interest and right.
provided the 'North would condesend to take
it without expressly calling it the "XVilmot
proviso." le now invites them to another
compromise, in which they shall consent to
the renewal of protective tariff, on condition
tiat it shall be called an act for the prevention
or frauds nd abuses!
We all know whit it means. The Pro
tectionists wish to snuggle the subject before
I Congress, and give their shape to it after
.vards. Their whole press has been laboring
to that end for months. The President press
ed the protective policy upon Congress in his
Message. The report of the Secretary of
the Treasury is full of it. Mr. Clay is the
organ and head of the party in the Senate,
and he is not ashiamed to sneak up to this sub
ject in the manner shown above.
The prevention of frauds and abuses, for
so ibi. The only frauds the protective party
ca i be suspected of a willingness to prevent,
are such as tend to diminish the revenue by
the smugrlinig of goods, or their low valua
tion. Hailve they forgotten the debates on
ithe passage of the tariff of 18-16 1 fave
t' cy forgotten that the then Secretary of the
Trc.sury, Mr. Walker, made estiut es of the
revenues to accrue from that measure, which
were derided by ill the oracles of the protec
tive party, from Mr. Webster down to Abbot
Lawrence, as mere extravagance-little bet
ter than lunacy ? Let them look at the re
turns of revenue since then, and they will
find that Mr. Walker's calculations have not
only been equalled, but exceeded in every
year, and the revenue is now far more than lie
anticipated. Could there be a more conclu
sive evidence that it is in no sensible degree
i jured by frauds? Doubtless there are petty
frauds practised, as there always will be under
every revenue measure; but the protective
party will practice more fraud to get one tariff
through Congress, than all the rogues of im
parters would contrive in a quarter of a cen
tury. And when by every species of trick,
an: falsehood, and corrupt appliance in Coin
grew, they have gained their end, it will be
nu hing else than a legal commission to prae
ti:e fraud forever by the wholesale, on all the
people of the United States.-Chas. Mer.
From the Augusta Constitutionalist.
-. .P2tgpmy Papor.
.-Militfofiine hundred, the hat
tiri"eonehifon is generally correct, and al
though thme good pattronl, Mr. Stopipee, does
not receive the patper at his residence, wherever
he pokes his nose the next imorningr it st ares
hint in the face. The paper is not dead, de'
t'unct. or suspended by the withdrawal of' his
patronage-bumt it ought to be, or should be.
it' similar chatracters had cointrol of' the press.
Trhe expenisc is too great f'or them, however.
so to dIo,--theriefore the pr'ess remains, :tnd
should renmain uni ramnmeled. We have qluite
a number of' subscribers to our patper, atnd
feel thankful to each one for his patroitage,
but so far as subscription is concerned, it is
bitt an item in the business line, that does ntot
pay mneh more than cost. and if' we de~pendled
on subscriptions for a liviimr, we would have
to furnish means at the cnd of the years for
carrying on our business.
The above remarks are called forth by thme
following article. which we find in the New
Orleans Crescent of' the 20th inist. We would
respectully call the :atention of' our readers
to it. It is writtetn int a pleasaint vien. and
there is more truth than poetry in the re
marks, so far as editors are concerned.
ISTOP Mv IPAPER.-This is a very disagre('
able use of the imperative tense; and editors
ofteni lose their temper anid good manners, as
well its a subscriber. Now~ we thinik a man
has a right to receive or refuse a paper, just
s his taste, caprice or judgemnent, may de
termtine. We think an editor has no right to
complain-certainly not bring is grievance
before his rematining readers. Editors too
often forget that their subscribers catn have no
possible inierest in these matters. We al
ways feel a pity for the family which loses
ouir weekly visit ;we know thte young ladies
will mis thec stories we tell-andI the olhl
maids will sigh for the sentimental poietr
and the ol~d mian himself', will begin, aft er a
while, to value our erop) articles. Trhey lose
a great deal more than we (do. But we never
think of abusing the good man for spending
his money just as he pleases. The othier day
we received a letter from one of our pet subh
scribers in Mobihe. It qumotes from a recent
article of thie Crescent. "Yout ask," saty they',
"what does thte South wvant ?" "We can only
answer for ourselves-we want our pape~r
stop)ped !" And so, with a jest on their lips,
our commercial friends cut our acquaintance.
We regret to part wvith such funny fellows
more especially as they always paid in ad
vance. It' we only knew how to please every
body we should be delighted. Cant't Dr.
Gilbert eut'e the loss of subscribers, or make
new onies come in place of theu~ old. Wheni
ever one drops off we feel atll the glories of
martyrdom; we catch thme South Carolina fe
ver, and are all overish wvith patriotism.
GRAYITavILLE CLOTH.-We had the plea
sure of inspecting some speciments of twilled
and plain wove cloth, from the Grauniteville
Factory, which will compare favorably, if not
excel, any thing of the kind that has come
under our observation. This Factory is now
completely under way, and in a full tide of
successful operation; and is, we learn, capai
ble of turnting out twelve thousand 'yards of
cloth per day. These goods can be sent to a
Northern market, atnd compete successfully
with Northtern goods ini their own market.
Spiecimuens intended for the World's Fair in
Lomndon can be seen at thme store of Messrs.
Hlowland & Taft, where we would advise the
frientds of -southern't industry and enterprise
to call atnd sat isfy themselves as to thme grow
ing resources anid capjabilities of the South.
EDGEFIELD, 8. C
THURSDAY, JANUARY 2, 1851.
F WE owe an apology to our readers
for the meagre Editorial in this, and some of
the late numbers of our Paper. Absence
and indisposition have prevented the Editor
from giving his usual attention to Editorial
business.
Mr CosNxass has taken its usual recess
during the Holidays. Our readers will find
Congressional items in another column.
C7 ATTENTION is invited to the sale of
"Depot Lots" at the Greenwood Depot, of
the Columbia and Greenville Rail Road, to
take place at Greenwood, in Abbeville Dis
trict, on the 22d inst.
" WE Call the attention of our readers
to the notice.of the COKESBURY FEMALE IN
STITUTE, to be found in another column.
CLEAR SPRING ACADEMY,
In the Editorial reference to the advertie
ment of this Academy, in our last number
but one, a mistake occurred, which we bog to
correct. The Academy is not on Long Cone,
but is situated in a remarkably healthy ridge
country between Long Cane and Little River
in Abbeville District. It is conducted by
Mr. J. L LxsLY, who has long experience.
as a classical Teacher, and whose capacity for
instructing youth, is very high and very
rare. We speak from personal knowledge.
Parents wi-hing to send their sons to an In
stitution at which they may be remote from
temptation, and where they may be well pre
pared for college, or may receive an excellent
academical education, cannot, we know, make
choice of a better school than Clear Spring
Academy.
JENNY LIND.
This Swedish Nightingale has been sing
ing to crowded houses in Charleston. The
Charlestonians have not made quite as much
noise, nor have the Charleston Papers puffed
so extravagantly, as our Northern brethren
and contemporaries, on the appearance of the
renowned Swede; but in this, they have
shown we think better judgment and purer
taste. They do not the less admire and ap
preciate the heavenly music of the fair canta
trice. JENNY, we understand, sails from
Charleston to Ilavanna. She has done many
charities in our country. May the blessing
of God attend her!
From the Colunbia Telegraph.
Seven Days Later from Europe.
ARRIVAL OF THE BALTIC.
6ons fe^er. n .
are quiet and tirum. . ae at 937.
No change has taken ..., on any species of
American stocks.
The P'olitical intelligence brought b~y the
Baltie is uninterestingr, the onily item being
that German aflairs wore a mocre peaceful as
peQct.
We learnm that thme Baltic's passenigers have
reached L'ostoa byv Railroad.
Fom, the San Franei~sco Daily Herald, Nov. 12.
Dm:arnm oF MR R.r.P BEI.L.--DIctl, in this
cit v. of cholera, on thle 9th instanit, Mr. Raulph
Bell, aged :25 yeamrs. lat e of Charleston, (S. C.)
To a host of friendls in the " Palmetto
State,' this sad announIIIcementO will be receiv
ed with t he deepest sorrow. One well be
loved by his associates, and standing high ini
the esteem of his fellow-eitizens, has been
called from life. A chivalrous spirit has fled
-:m generous heart has ceased to be. His
home will knowv him no more!
In the late war with Mexico, when the Pal
metto Regimnent wa~s forme(d, Mr. Bell was
elected Second Lieutennt of the Charleston
Compamv. Dum ing the campJaign he wa en
abked to Iperform) ellicient service for his coun
try, and led the forlorn hope at the storming
ot Chaplultapee. Hlis gaillant bearing at that
titne, won for him unfalding laurels, and lhe
was presented by his unitive city with a sword
as an :neknowlcdgment dlue from an admiring
people to a brave soldier. A t thme commence
mnt of the emigration to California. ho wvas
one of the first to seek the shores of El Dora
do, and he had for the past eighteen months
been enigaged in thec mines.
In Mr. Beli's short illness, friends adimiims
teredl to him, and every thing that hope could
sugest was resorted to, to saty the hand of
the. dread Destroyer-but all in vaiin. Life's
fitful fever is over, and the turf rests above
the honored (dead. J. 1- HI.
An Act to Prohibit Dotting on Eloections.
Be it enacted by the Senate aind H-ouse of
Representatives, nowv met amnd sitting ini Gen
eral Assembly, and by the authority of the
s:ne, That any plersotn who shall, hereafter,
make any bet or wager of money, or wvager
of anmy other thing otf value, or shill hereafter
have any share or~ part in aniy bet, or wager
of money, or wager of any other thing of
value, upon01 any election in this State, shall
be deemed guiity of a misdemeanor, an~d up
on convictioni in any Court of Session in tins
State, shall be fitned ini a snum not exceeding
five hundred dollaers, and be imprisoned not
exceeding one tmonth; one half of thie fine
to go to the informer, and the other half to
the use of the State.
Ratitied Dec. 20th 1850.
NF.W POST OFrtCrs.-The following new
post oilices have been established in this
State:
" Willow Creek," Marion District, Thomas
W. Lane P'ostmaster.
" Friemndield," Marion District, Moses WV.
Brown Postmaster.
" Zeno," York District, A. A. McKenzio
Postaster.
"Clay Hill," York District, John Watson
Post tmaster.
"Natural Grove," Williamsburg District,
Win. HI. Cockhield Postm:mster.
gr IT is stated that the Cunard Company
intend building three newv steamers of 2000
tons and 1050 horse power eatch-the Asia,
the crack ship at present, being '2400 tons and
Conference of the ZEI.. Church.
TiE South Carolina An tal Conference
of the Methodist Episcopal. Church, South,
Bishop PAMNE presiding, clo a very harnio
nious and pleasant sessioi: Wadesboro, on
Monday evening last. The following are the
appointments of the Preach for the ensuing
year: .4
CHARLESTON DICT.
C. Betts, Presidin ~Elder.
Charleston-Cumberlan ~W. A. Game
well.
Do Trinity-W M Swain.
Do Bethel-C H .ritehard.
Do St. James-Jhn R Pickettt.
Black Swamp-AM Chritzberg, J J Flem
ming.
Savannah River Missio4~ ~ L Banks. R.
Bunch.
Walterboro-P A M Villiams, W W
Jones.
Combai bice and Ashepo ission-J R Co
burn, D May.
Oakette Mission-Jos4 Warnock.
Orangeburg-W CrookiW W Mood.
Barnwell-P G Bowi, T Razor, G W
Moore, Superannuated. I
Graniteville and Aiken-1 M Mood.
Cypress-J W Kelly, fAfood.
Pon Pon Mission-W 0 Kirkland.
Cooper Rivr-E L Kity, W Hutto.
Cooper River Mission-rT E Ledbetter.
Beaufort and Prince Wliamu's Mission-C
3cLeod, C 0 Lamotte. -
Edisto Jehossee'and lenwiek Island-C
Wilson, H A Bass.
St. Andrews Mission-4o be supplied.
Editor of Southern Christian Advocate
Wim M Wightman.
Missionaries to Chin C Taylor and B
Jenkins.
CoKESBURY STRICT.
S Leard, Presidg Elder.
Cokesbury-A V V iker, C A Crowell,
A P Avant.
Edgcfield-S H Bro , one to be supplied
Pendleton-A B M ilvary, S IH Dun
woody. -
Piekens-J Finger.2
Paris Mountain-.Di lliard.
Greenville Station-A M Foster.
Greenville Circuit-SM Green,W 1II am
mond.
Union-R J Boyd, G WV Ivy.
Laurens-S Townsena, J V Miller.
Newberry-C Murelh'on-, E Pennington.
Mount Tryon Missiol N Bouchell.
COLUMBIA ISTRICT.
S. W. Capers, Ptesiding Elder.
Columbia: Washing on street Church
Whiteford Smith.
Marion street Churc-J L Mitchell.
Congaree Mission-Win Martin.
Lexington-D Derrik, J. Cilgore.
Columbia Circuit-JIW J Harris.
Winsboro-A Mcvorquodale, J Menar
die.
Lancaster-John A Porter.
Camden-Il C Pars.s.
Darlington-W 11 F)eming, D W Seal.
Sumterville-N Tal g, J North.
Sumter-H Spann.,
Wateree MissiggrD G McDaniel, A
Canthan.
St. Matheds-Willtmson Smith.
GEORGETOWN DISTRICT.
T R Walsh, 4esiding Fuer.
'. tonwn--Jamq C-_
plied..
Wa~desboro-C S Walker, WV B .soon.
Albemnarle-W S Haltomn.
W~aceamaw Mlission-J A Miick, A P
Ma:rtina.
S:nnpit-WX Carson.
Societ y Hill Missio.-J A Mood.
LINCOLNTON DISTRICT.
HI H Durant, Presiding Elder.
Charlotte-A G Stacr. -
Charlotte Circl--D 3 Simmons, J IM
Falkner.
Pleasant Grove-WV C Patterson.
Concord-S D) Laney.
Lineolnton-J HI Zimmerman.
Spantenburg Station-J HI Wheeler.
Spartanburg Circuit-M P'uek~ett.
Rutherford-P F Kistler.
Catawba-L Scarboronugh.
Shly-O A Chrieizberg.
Morga'nton-J L Shuford.
MtcDowell-R P Franks.
Lenoir-D McDonald.
Yorkville-L M Little.
WVILINGTON DISTnICT.
WV Barringer, Presiding Elder.
Wilmington: Brick Church-W G Conner
Bladan-J HI Robinson, D) Byers.
Favetteville Station-W P Mouzon.
Fayetteville Circuit-A Irvin.
Rockingham-W L Pegues.
Montgomery-A L Smith, A M Rush.
Cape Fear Mission-J T Munds.
Hugh E Osborn and WV Bares, Superannu
ated.
WV T Capers and D D Cox, left without up,
pointmnents, in consequence of ill health.
Next Conference to be held at Georgetown
S. C.
NEWV METHODIST CoLLEGE.-FromI a cor.
respondent's letter in the Pickens Courier, we
learn that the late Mr. Wofford, of Spartan
burg, who had long been a minister of the de'
nomination, has devised the sum of $50,000,
to be held by 13 gentlemen, mostly ministers,
in trust for the South Carolina Conferenee
to found a College in Spartanburg District:
" The College when completed is to be
transferred by these Trustees to the samne
number of Trustees, who shall be appointed
by the South Carolina Conference ot the
Methodist E. Church, under whose charge
and supervision it was designed by the testa tor
the Institution should be placed, and the ap.
pointment of these Trustees by that body to
be made biennially. The further sum of fifty
thousand dollars (850,000) is also given by
the Testator, to the same gentlemen (or per.
haps to thte trustees to ho appointed by the
Conference) in trust, to be by them invested
in such stocks or in such mnanner as shall be
deemed most advantageous, the interest andi
profit of which is to be appropriated ainnually
to the payment of the expenses of professor
ship," &e.
ACCDENT.-The. Atlanta Rcpublic of the
26th says :-On W~ednesday morning, before
day, a party of young men were engaged ii
firing a cannon, when Mr. D. N. Poor, the bamg
gage master of the Georgia Railroad, was
shokingly mangled by the accidental dis
charge of the gun while loading. His wounndm
are not considered mortal, though the injury
is very serious.
g. THEn French Government have recent
lv ordered that the white paint used in pupilie
iuildings shall henceforth be made of whiite
zinc, and not of white lead, as white lead
.~ blieved1tonbe nernircious to health,
From the Columbia Telegraph, Dec. 25.
Accident on the Charlotte and South
Carolina Rail Road.
It is due to the public that at brief account
of the accident which happened on this road
to-day, should be given, in order that the va.
rious rumors which have been set afloat in
regard to it may be corrected, and for that
purpose the following facts are briefly sub
mitted: Our passenger-train left Columbia
depot at the usual hour, with some twenty
passengers, among whom was myself, and
and proceeded about ten miles without any
appearance of derangement. The engine and
baggage-car had entered a few paces on the
the trestle of Elkins' mill, and the passenger
ear was just about to enter, when it was dis
covered,from the constant humping of the
wheels on the crossties, that they had gotten
off the track. The train proceeded a distance
of about 150 feet, and the engine had just
come to a halt, when two of the ends of the
erossties gave way, and precipitated the pas.
senger-car alone from an elevation of ninety
feet into the pool.
The ear fell bottom upwards and slantwise,
thus enabling the passengers to get out
through the windows. All the passengere
were more or less bruised, and Gen. Owens
sustained a dislocation of his arm and a toler
able severe cut on his forehead-medical ad
was promptly afforded by Drs. Toland and
Gibbes, and :al I of the passengers who escaped
from the car were pronounced altogether out
of danger. Upon examination it was- ascer
tained that Mr. Nicholas Gibson, Depot agenI
at Winnsboro','an infant of Mr. and Mrs. Pow
ell, and a servant girl of Mr. Lyles were killec
by the accident, and were supposed to hav<
come to their deaths, the two former by vio
lent contusions and the latter by drowning.
Upon an investigation of the cause whiel
led to the accident, it wasaseertained that th
track had been detached, from some unknowr
cause, and lodged in front of the wheel on thf
iron rait, and was the cause of the car beini
thrown from the track. These are the fact!
as noticed during the progress of the accident
and subsequent to it. The trestle received n<
injury whatever, and two trains passed imme
diately over iED. G. PALEER, President.
In addition to the above, I deem it my dut'
to state, that the ears were examined thil
morning, before leaving the depot, und a]
were in good order. The engine was il
charge of an experienced and careful persor
and was going very slowly at the time-wa
stopped as soon as it was discovered that th
wheels were off the track; but too late t
avoid the accident.
I cannot allow the occasion to pass withou
expressing my thanks to Messrs. Toland an
Gibbes, for their promptness in repairing t
the place as soon as sent for, and for their e
ficient aid to the suffers ; also, to Mr. and Mr
Elkins who cheerfully rendered every aid i
their power.
V. M. STOCTON, Chief Engineer.
Columbia, Dec. 24th, 1850.
W. ~Knd the following paragraph in th
Baltimore Sun;
It is stated that the Odd Fellows in Ne
York contemplate giving a public expres'
of sentiment in relation to the disor'
movements now on foot. A meet
c~ thme lodges has beenm held, 1'
n.c. to be opened w
ibite odfabl
* the
of eharity and b
.. act of suicide in it
cal matters. if' the Union is in danger, Odi
Fellowship or Masonry cannot save it, am4
such an expression, as indicated above, wouli
he the entering wedge of a disruption of th
Order.-Caroliniani..
Gaitherings.
Ef"71 FaEET NERrmo.s.-The cen.sreturn
of 18-10, show that the numnber of free nc
groes in the Free States was 170,739, and thi
numbehjr of free negroes in the Slave State
was 215,738: showing the ra:jority of fre
negroes, ini the Soumtherni States to be 44.90i
Since 18410, the number of free negroes, c
course has much ineresed, but the relativ
proportion is about the same. In the South
many fiec negroes are owners of slaves an'
raise cott on.
W WE regret to state, says the Columi
Teleg~.raph, that a tire occurred at the plant:
tioni of our esteemed fellow-citizen, Mr. J1. 1
Clark, in this Dtriet, on Monday the 23
instant, causi-.z t1.- destruction of his barr
stables, corn. ..i, :oud fodder. The cause c
the tire could not be :seertained, but wa
supposed to be thme resumt'ot accident.
Ef TELEG RA1-u UNDER XVATER.-Ther
are thrce lines of sub marine telegraph wirei
working operaition under the Hudson Rivei
four under the Connecticut, two under th
lDeleware, and eight under the Harlem rivc
All coated with gutta-percha. And one, o
O'Riemlys line, under tihe river at Chicago.
W GUTT PEneHA.-We know of n
substance, says the ScientifiecAmerican, whie
has conme into such general use, in such
short time, as this. It is nOW used for pipes
whips, shoe soles, picture frames, &., bul
perhapse, its most useful application is th
coating of the teldgrahie wires.
W- A "DISTRAeTED MIxNER" writes frot
California the following passionate appeal:
"Send out orn the Quarternoon wceemei
you kan, as there are thousands of wvealh:~
Sackraymentoroans dying to get Married, anm
to enjoy the Nupshall'Ti im orl its witheri:
influents !"
(f- TirE WAsIHNGTON National Menu
ment is nowv eighty feet from time surface o
tihe ground, and is expected to be two fee
higher before the close of the season.
Mr. Jusrus S3InTu is still devoting his at
tention to tea culture in South Carolina.
Tihe plants are nowv well established and are
maiking rapid progress towards maturity. H
has received, this year, direct from China,:
quantity of lhants, which arrived in good con
dition, and almoest all are living and doing
well, lie appears very sanguine of success
Earri~oY$1EsTS.-By the U. S. census o:
18-46,it was ascertained thmat there were, a
that time in this country, 3,719,851 personm
employed in agricultural pursuits; 791,959 ii
mnufuactuires; 117,607 ini commerce ; 15,211
in Inining; 56,021 navigat ing tihe ocean; 33,
076 in internal navig'ation; and 65,255 at th4
learned professions.
ggrIDLENES.-Thie elder John Adami
has left thme following ungallant record on hi:
diary:" "Friday, Saturday, Sunday, Monday
all spent in absoute idleness, or, which i
wvorse, gallanting the girls."
:7 A Srur in the Persian Gulf, in thi
course of twenty months, hand her coppe
encased with living coral to the thickness o
Direct Trade.
Every thing tends auspiciously in this di
rection. Public enterprise is fully awakened
to its advantages throughout the Southern
Atlantic section of the Union. Charleston is
rapidly assuming her true commercial posi
tion, as the centre of direct trado to Eurore
She must become the emporium of the South
West..The Legislature of South Carolina
has given an impulse to the spirit of enter
prise, which is responsive to the public voice.
It extends the arm of help to the associated
capital which has boldly conceived the selcme
of steam navigation across the Atlantic, con
necting Charleston socially, commercially,
and politically, with her natural allies of the
West. The late act, lending $125,000 to the
Atlantic Steam Navigation Company, for
five years, without interest, is a measure of
large liberality. It will compare with any
net of a similar character in the annals of le
gislation. It meets the spirit in which the
Legislature of Tennessee has acted by its
large subscription to the Nashville Rail Road,
while it is the complement to that other act
of public liberality, the subscription of the
City of Charleston to the same enterprise.
These are measures that work together in
happy correspondence-that operate in the
same line of improvement. What are rail
roads without steam navigation to perfect
foreign commerce ? What, in this view, is
rapidity of transportation on land, without
commensurate rapidity and regularity of tran
sit on sea? What is the value of -that inter
course which connects Charleston with the
Valley of the Mississippi, if she is not com
mercially connected with those markets of
foreign supply which directly afford the equi
valents for her exports. Liverpool and
Charleston have the same natural affinities
which bring Charleston into connection with
Nashville and the towns in the interior.
But to render that trade mutually beneficial
-to bring these points into direct and perma
nent intercourse-the markets on the Atlan
tic, which are supplied with stocks from Eu
rope, brought within reach of inland mer
chants, with the precision of steam-require
a correspondent spirit on the part of purchas
ers, fully to carry out this scheme of Direct
Trade. Of what ultimate benefit would be
the most perfect system of direct intercourse,
if the arrangements are to terminate in insuf
ficient purchases by our inland traders? If
I heavy stocks are laid in here, at regular peri
ods, equal in prices, terms of credit and as
sortments, to what can be obtained elsewhere,
while supplies are purchased in Charleston
sparingly, such trade will soon cease to pre
sent inducements for its continuance. It fol
lows that steam navigation, rail roads, and
all the other appliaices of direct trado, will
not fully extend their advantages, unless the
great body of the merchants in the interior
enter into the scheme with the heartiness, the
zeal, e public spirit that characterize those
who nture their capital, expend their ener
gy and perfect their arrangements, in the hope
of building tp on sure and broad foundations
the fabric uf Free Trade.-Charleston Eve
ning News .
NORTH CAtoLINA.-The majority. of the
special committee on, slavery in the North
Carolina Legislature, of which Romulus"M
- chairman, has made a report on
i in the compromise
essions the
'uter ?duthidnrsfid gin
* y t rhiir~ae.th
h 'u h es
ao ~' Mtild~hp sevral tes, is
"tha ofwat 'opdrati of the
-General Governument, and ' 'l.aer citi
zens from unconstitutional ab on the one
hand,:m seuigto them, o e other, a
srcfuiment of the obligations tmposed by
the constitution upon thec General Govern
Resoired, That the people of North Caroli
na, as an organized politieal community, have
the right to secede or withdra~w from the
Unionm, whenever a majority of the people, ini
Convention assemnbled, shaall decide a with
drawal necessary to protect their property er
persons from unconstitutional and oppressive
SLegislation by the General Government, er
whenuever, by the failure of the General Gov
.ernent to fulfil her conastitutional obliga.
tions, the people of the State may deem sneh
a step necessary, in order to secure the enjoy.
menat of righats, privileges and protectior
guarantied to them by the constitution of the
United States; and in such an emergencya
m ajority of the people of North Carolina,
acting through the organized authorities o.
thei Staite, wvould be entmtled to the sole and
undivided allegiance of all her citizens.
IDIsGRACEFUL PROCEEDINOs IN ILLTNOI
ALxos-r A RIoT.-PEoRI.1, Ill., Dec. 19, 1850.
Our city wvas thrown into much excitement to
day. Tihe execution of Brown and Williama
foi the murder of Mr. Hewett, was to have
taken place yesterday, but an order from the
Governor, received on Wednaesday, it was ex.
tended to the 15th of January next. This not
being generally known nor credited, large
masses of this atnd adjoining counties, assem.
bled to witness the excution, and being dis
appointed in their expectations, a proportion
of thaem resolved that the persons should be
executed forthwith, and urged on by excitina
s peeches, they got possession of the senifoli
,from the jail yard, and erected it in the street,
Sin front of the jail. They then effeicted an
antrance by jerking the doors and locks; and
proceeded with crowbars, scantling and other
implements, to the cells, where they met with
resistance from Brown, who, althougha shackl
ed, as soon as the cells were opened, ste ppod
into the halt, disarmed a few of the mobbers,
bytkn erm them thei crowbars and scant
aig barredf his cell on the inside, and defied
them. He broke the seantling over the mob
bers, and gave them other striking illustra
rtion of his entire disapproval of such unlawful
proceedings. The prisoners were again se
ured in the cells, and before dark the crowvd
dispersed.
Thus resulted, what at first all supposed
would be a most tragical and disgraceful af
fair. The mob fell back, and a few of our cit.
izens dropping in at this juncture, prevented
further violence.
TuHE FIRsT FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW.-The
Boston Post has the following bit of political
history:
"The Fugitive Slave Bill of 1792 was
drafted by George Cabot, of Massachusetts,
in November, and it was passed by the Sen
ate on thec 18th of January uanimmously,
fourteen from free and thirteen from slave
States voting for it. The House committee,
Theodore Sedgwick and Sheerjashub Bourne,
aof Massachusetts, and Alexfander White, of
Virginia, reported that bill to the body, by
wicha it was passed on the 5th of Februaryv,
without discussion. Eight Free States were
represented by thirty-one votes, six slave
State by twenty-four votes; free State ma
ajority, seven. The'bill received forty-eight
yeas to seven nays. Massachusetts gave six
yeas to one nay. Thias recordl shows that the
re tats passed the first Fugitive BRill"
Consolidation or Disunion.
Our choice must be between the two. The
tendency of all power is to run from the hands
of the many to the few-and for Representa
tive forms of government to gmdualfy change
into the consolidated. This is most foreibly
evidenced in our own govermnuent. Every
session of Congress furnishes a new assump
tion of power, and that power the power of a
majority. Theconstitution-in spirit forgot
ten-and inletter strained to serve sectional
purposes, and a laying down of principles,
upon which hereafter to build a system of op
pressive measures. The North,with an over
whelming vote, is already able to direct legis
Iation, and with her vast masses of political.
demagogues and half socialist population
her foreign emigration and crowds of paupers
-she would gkdly hang on to th-Union in
order to draw a sustenance from the South.
But it has ever been the policy of the South
to oppose anything like consolidation-this
would express a preference for small govern-.
ments, and then come up the quere, which is
better for the people, large or small govern--.
ments? Large governments it must be-recol
lected have as their natural tendency, consoli
dation. Small ones the reverse. In large
governnents individual excellence and private,
enterprise are lost in the mass, and all eyes
are turned to the success of grand governmen
tal schemes, forgetting that no mountain, how
ever large, but what is composed of particles
-no ocean but what is made up of drops,
and no grand scheme but owes its success to
the correctness of the primary causes. In
small governments the reverve is the case.
Individual effort gains observation; emula
tion improves particulars. Each man feels he
has an influence, he is not lost in governmen
tal consolidation of effort, but he feels himself
an active constituent part of society, who must
assist in the move, and not himself be borno
along by the mass. Thus it was while the
Persian Empire was crumbling beneath its
own weight-the smallest and active States
of Sparta and Athens were settling in the cor
onet of History the names of Homer, Lycen
gus, Solon, Mitiades, Leonidas. Aristole and
Plato. And throwing in never fading colors
upon the canvass of the past Thermopylme
and Marathon. Our government is too large
-lessen it by disunion. Let the North with
her mobracracy and isms be the Persia of the
West, and let us profit by the past while we
may. that the South may give to the western
wor-ld an Athens and a Sparta.-Cam. Jour
nal.
ARnEST FoR NFGRO STEALING.-Our fellow
citizen, Mr. W. WRIGHT, (says the Savannalt
Georgian,) arrested on Saturday last, a stran
ger who calls him'elf CHAs. GREIGER, ia
charge of negro stealing. Greiger applied to
Mr. Wright, to sell him a negro man, when thol
latter, believing the negro to have been stolen,
made the arrest. The boy was demanded ves
terday as the property of the late Col. Wal
ter, of Walterboro'. S. C., and the prisoner
has been remanded to Jail to await his trial at
the next term of the court. Thisis the fourth
time this this Year, that attempts' have beei
- X i_0natta1 1can and iii
every case his Jscernmen an goo
ment has enabled him to defeat the
FUGrTVE S.AvE CAsE PiNgw YE
We.havehad brave proniis om.
ople'and presses of
o litwith-w
the fugitr erea
~ne n . h test,'every
yaiiw kens
ters for,
I s.
tified,
yond cavil."
The defence, se.
before the commissio to
habeas corpus from the Supreme of
New York, and thus toolE the ease out o
hands of the United States commissioner.
The writ had not been returned at last-ne
counts...
There was great excitement (but no vio
lence attempted) among the citizens, and it
was found uccessary for two hiundred police
men to accompany thie fugitive to the Toombs.
-South Carolinian.
A man in Boston has been fihned five dol
lars and d~seharged for brutally whipping his
wife so uz to do her a serious injiury.
The-N. Y. Daiy Book thinks the conscieneo
of the South ou'ght not to~ he satisfied with
this administration of the social justice of Bos
ton. Had it been a South Carolina master
punishing his negro Boston philanthropy
would have been in a fury of excitement, and
meetings would have been held at Faneuil
Hall to denounce the perpetration of such in
humanity, and demand that Newv England
should be cleared of the sin of confederating
with States where such things are permitted.
Why, then, not establish a society in the
South toprotest against the Boston practice
of whipping white wives at five dollars a piece,
and to declare that the Southern States can
not in 'conscience' permit this'disgrace to fall
upon them as members of the confederney ?
THE Co~cER.--MISs Jenny Lind was wel
comned last night by an array of beauty and
fashion, such as has'seldom been seen withim
the walls of our theatre. In addition to our
..wn citizens, some of the fairest forms and
brightest intellects of our neighbor (we
should like to call her sister) State of Geor
gin, graced with their presence the occasion.
She was greeted on her appearance with less
enthusiasm than she has been, perhaps, ac
customed to, and, the chilliness of the audi
ence seems in some degree to be imparted to
the singer; but this wvas of brief duration,
and as the feelings of her hiearers melted under
her thrilling tones, and the artless witchery
of her manner, and found vent in irrepressi
ble bursts of enthusiasm, a genal Smile ilh:i
mined her features, and gush after gush of
delicious melody was poured forth with a
joyousness and abanaon that thrilled and en-.
chanted the audience.-Mercury.
MAI. RcnRERY.-A Washington dispatch
received at Philadelphia states that about six
thousand dollars, in tea and twenty dollar
bills, on the Merchants' Bank of Cheraw, S.
C., have been stolen from the mails. The bills
bear date of Sept. 9, 1850, and are the only
ones of that date that have been issued by the
Bank.
EDITOn DRoWNED.-Mr. John McCormiek,
late editor of the Montgomery Flag 4- Adrer
tiser, was drowvned on Wednesday, the 25th
inst, by the capsizing of' a sklf, while cross
ing the river opposite Montgomery,in comn
pany with Mr. John W. Hughes. '~Ihese gen
tlemen had been over the - river gunning, and
on their return homeward this accidenit occur
red. Mr.Hughes escaped to the shore,-Chas.
Sun.
FIRE IN PHILADELPIA.-On Monday the
30th ult., the building in whish the offiees of
the Public Ledger (newspaper) arc kept, is
now on fire, the three upper stories having
been -already consumed.
LATER.-The Ledger Building haslbeen to
tally destroyed, involving a loss of 8150,000.