Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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From the Charleston Mercury. CONSTRUCTION OF PLANK ROADS. In another column will be found an ad vertisement of the Commissioners of Main Roads. inviting proposals for the construe -tion of a Plank Road in King street. As -calculated to afford information to those 'diisposed to engage in this business, we have copied from the Macon Journal a number of extracts fiom a report ot P. F. Holcomes, Esq., a very competent civil er.gineer, embracing the most recent im provements adopted at the North where these roads have been very successful. "This Road (the Utica and Rome) is not yet complete-about one-third of its lergth remaining to be constructed. The esti mated cost, including grading, superstruc tore, bridging, toll houses. and everythimg complete, is estimated at $2,000 per mile. As near as I could learn, the average cost is about $1,500. The most xpensive road of which I have any knowledge. is that from Ilion to Cedarville. length 8 miles, cost 62,200 per mile. The road is located along the valley, and occasionally precipi tous slopes of a mountain stream, and sometimes it was found necessary to divert the stream from its bed into a new charnnel *aud occasionally also. to cross and re cross it. The descent in the 8 miles of road is 700 feet, the maximum, however, being six inches and five eighthsAin a rod, or six teen and a half feet. "This is a much lower maximum than is common, or even desirable; as twelve inches in sixteen and a half feet makes a very good road; and I travelled upon Plank Roads with inclinations of one toot it ten -but it was the intention of the compa.. nies on whose roads these inclinations were found, to grade them to an easier rate. I would suggest one foot in sixteen and a half, as a proper medium between too great outlay for grading on the one hand, and too steep grades upon the other. I discovered no tendency or liability of the horses to slip on steeper inclinations, as the plank being laid cross-wise, afford, per haps, the very best foothold of any road in use; but the counteracting effect of grav ity will be seriously felt by adopting a much higher standard, or in other words a touch steeptrgrade than one foot in sixteen and a half. "The preliminary steps having been taken as before described, the clearing, grubbing, and levelling are commenced. The road is cleared, and levelled 20 feet in width. Preparation for laying the su perstructure is then made, by plowing or picking up (usually the former) the surface, and .naking it mellow and convenenient to be brought into the precise shape required. H:- 1 ,r the centre of the graded bearing at first o: - of the planks. "The mud-sills or stringers having ue.. properly adjusted in the trenches, the earth. having been previously made mellow, is filled in around and between the stritgers, and also for the space of a few inches on the outside of thetm. This filling is raised about one inch above the stringers, and is now ready to receive the plank, which are uniformly eight feet long, and of any width from ten to fifteen inches, atnd frequenitly wider at one end than the other; which, whbile it effects a saving of timber, is at the same time an advantage tfrom the facility it affords in turning curves, by put ting soy -ral wvtde ends or butts t.ogethmer in succes sion. The thickness of the planks varies en diff'erent roads front three to four inches, though the former is much the most com mon. The stringers are pretty uniformly tour inches square, and. any convetnient length from sixteen to twenty feet, aud simply laid end to end without any splicing or fastening. In some instances planks three inches thick and twelve inches wide, have been recommended and adopted, but the four inch striager is much the most common, atnd appears to answer the pur pose well, as little reliance is placed upon the stringers for the bearing. "Two men place the plank in its place, and a third standing upon it, with a heavy irooden maul made of a sound piece of timber two and a half feet hong, and eight Inches thick, with a pin through one end for a bandle, strikes the plank a blow upon its edge in the middle to drive it up to its * fellow. Then three or four blows are given upon the surface of the plwnk at dif fereat points, when it becomes firmly and accurately settled dowvn to the stringers, carrying with it the earth which had bcen filled above the strinigers, anid on which the plank tnow mainly depenids for its sup port. One more blow on the edge of the plank finishes the operation, by which time another plank is ready, and the pr ess is rapidly repeated. I should remn rk. however, that each plank is alternately laid in and out, or- jutting past each other about three inches, for the purpose of as sisting the wheels to rise upon the road in the event of a rut being formed at the etnds of the plank. The planks, however, are all cut the same letngih. and are either de livered upon the ground einhit feet lung, or sixteen feet. If the latter, they are piled upon and sawed in two with a cross-cut saw. "In order to facilitate the escape of the water that falls upon the road, the planks are laid with ant inclination towards the ditch, on that side of the graded road Ott which the planks are laid, of two inches in six feet, or say three inches in the length of the plank, so that all the water tha.t dqes not fall immediately at the join's, is conducted ofl at the ends. To effect this, a straight-edge with a carpenter-'s level properly adjusted to it, is used itt laying down the stringers, the ends of it resting upon either stringer, and their respective elevations arranged accordingly. "Now follow the fillitng in of earth at- ho ends of the planks necessary to keep them from moving laterallf, as they are not at tached to the stringers by any kind oif fas tening whatever, neither spikes, pins, or anything of the ktttd, being necessaty, and tu facilitate driving upon and off the oad Tbo filling s commanly raised about three ichesat first above the planks, so that \vhen it becomes thoroughly settled and compacted by use, it will be at least as. high as the-ends of the planks. If it should settle below this, attention must- immedi ately be given to restoring the proper ele vation by the addition of more earth. A slope on the ditch side should be given of about three inches to the foot. The earth which is used in the filling-in may be ob tained from the ditches: The ditches are,. of course, an essential part 'of the work,' and all the care and expense bestowed in first opening them,'and afterwards keeping them clear and in order will be amply re paid; and on no account must this be neg lected. They should he two feet wide on the bottom, and two feet below the top of the planks. "On that side of the graded road not occupied by the plank, a good earth road must necessarily be made resembling in contour the side of the road laid with plank-ditch and all. This of course, is intended to apply where a single plank track is used; and it will be a matter of surprise with all, I venture to predict. on the first travelling on a Plank Road, as it was with me; how completely and conve niently a single track accommodates a large business. [could discover no more inconvenience in vehicles passing each other than in the streets of Macon. This had appeared to me a great difficulty and objection to a single track, and I was str prised to find how little foundation it had, in faet. and how well a single track an swered all demands upon it. The great hulk of travel being upon the plank, and the earth road being only used to turn out upon, it has little tendency to cut up and become rutted, as it will se!dom happen that a vehicle in turning out will take the exact track of a previou- one. "Some of the roads leading from the principal marts are laid with a double track fur a distance of three or four miles; but, even here the second track might ap parently have been dispensed with without mouch inconvenience. When a double, or second track is laid dowo, it is simply a duplicate of the first, and has no direct connection with it; a space of from two to four feet is left between the two, which is filled with earth raise-i a little above either track. This is obviously, as a general rule, pre ferable to doubling the length of the planks and laying the two tracks in connection. There may be cases, however, where this course might be expedient. "It will be an easy task to estimate the cost of Plank Roads. so far as the wood in superstructure is concerned. The grading, &c., will of course depend entirely upon circumstance%; but ought not to exceed from 4 to $500 per mile. There are, of "h plank and eight feet long, in a 760 feet, board measure, and of - stringers. 4 inch square, )3, his wouuu., mite or latyig. If we estimate the filiug in. &c. at half this sum, or $48. we have Sil36 as thie cost of the road, independent of gradtng; for which nto accura'e estimate cain be sub mitted, without a knowledge of the circum stances and facts of the case. "Little engineering is required further than to trace the line upon the ground, and at the most dliflicult points to indicatte the cutinug or fill':ng necessary to 'oring the road to a proper grade." J51POaTANT, IF TaUIc I--Ve underbtand that vague and undefined rumors were circulating in this city Inst evening to the effect that a large squadron had been sud dently despatched by the cabinet to Cuba, growing out of circumstances connected with the abduction of Rey. Wbemher or not theso rumors have any foundation in fact. we have not sufficient information to justify us in expressing an opinion. Nor are we prepared to samy that the circum.. stances attending the abduction of Rey are of such a charamctcr as to call for such an opposing and for'midable war-like demon stratiotn by thoso 'vho were so clatmorous in their cotmplaints against .Mr. Polk for sendinig Gen. Taylor io the Rio Grande on his own rccommentdation. If .uch a potetuous mtovemnent has beaenImade by the government, it may lead to the most serious consequences. We may be nearer a war with Spain than any one has dream ed of, or supposed possible. We wait anxiously fur further developments. We had indulged the hope that the despatehes fr'om our consul at the H avana would have been promptly laid before the country. We can, however, in advance say;.this, that the honor of our country must, be maintained by all legitimiate means; that if the sanctity of our soil has been violated, amplo re'paratinl -nust ho promptly de maded; and that even if war with atny nation) results even from the blunders of the ad ministration nowv in power, the. de mtocrcey of this country will not be found amoitntg those who will embarrass its kipera tions, or give "aid and comfort" to the enmy.-Washington Unaion. NEW "RELIGIOoUs" Assoca.ro.-A mystical association has just been formed in Berlin. under the presidency of the Count Otto Von Schlippcnbarck. under the denomination of "League of fidelily fr wvomnan, of'vhich any respectable lady -mrr ied or single-who adopts the motto of King Frederick William-"I and nay hottse have decided to walk in the paths o the Lord"-may become a meamber. Candidates for the honor are subject to a form of election. The o'rder is divided into four degrees-I. Thme "Henrietta" de.. gree (color green,) in honor of the wife of the great elector. 2. The "Sophia" de ree (color white) of which the queen of Frederick is the patrotness. &i TIhe "Louisa" degree (rose color) in honor of the defunct queen. 4' The "Eliaabeth" degree (color blue,) in honor of the pre se t queen conasort. The fetes of' the lea gue include the birthdays of the king, the queen aind the crown prince, the anniver sary of the flutndation of the order, and ,hato eras ki.n's death. . EDGEFIELD C. H. WEDNIESDAY SEPTEMBE3,,.1849. S lIurder. Mr. Jesse Weatherford, wh iived in this Village, was shot on Monday night last by a negro man named Joe, belonging to Mrs. R. Blalock, at her plantation about 3 miles from this place. The negro borrowed the gun and amunition from a neighbor in tlatesame of his young master. But his real object, as after wards discovered, was to kill another negro. Weatherlbrd and two other hiit with the view of arresting him and taking the gun from him. The party being detached to await the approach of the negro, Weatherford encounter ed him single handed. which resulted in his death-the whole load of the gun entering nis arm and breast near his heart. Mr. Weatherford was - a quiet, peaceable an, and went in search of the negro at the re quest of the negro's owner. The negro made his escape and is still at large. 17 We call the special attention of our read ers to the article on Plank Roids, extracted from the Gharleston Mercury. It contains much practical information on the subject, d furnishes, we believe, all the fact. nece be known before beginning the work in co plation. Census of Edgelseld Village. The population of our Village.as taken un der the order of the Town CLuncil is as follows: WHITEs 403 B LAcKs 562 Total 985 Fairneld Herald. The last issue of this paper came to us In an enlarged and much improved form. Newberry tengnel. The above is the title of a new. paper about to he established at Newberry C;H , un'der the Editorial direction of Ja. H. Grins, Esq. We are well acquainted with Mr. Giter, and be speak for him happy success in is new voca tion. He is a scholar and a gentleman, and will conduct the " Sentinel" with ability. 3uncil at the mi Wicholas &~ Kossuti The Emperor of Russia has sent a wheat to Kosstuth, and desired him to conat rains. Kussuthi wrote back, saying, "'t'., sack holds many grains, but I have three hawvks nd three ravens wh~o will pick th~em up." he hawkhs are supposed to be Bent, Dembin ski, and Georgey, the ravens to be June, July, nd.August. when the fever generally rages. The Abduction Case. Our readers know, that Rey, the turnkey of the Royal prison itn Cuba, unndr a chiarge of violating the duties of his office, fied to New Orleans to avoid prosectution by the Spanish authorities. W~hile li New Orleans lhe was ar rested at the instance of tho Spanish Consul in that city, and sent back to Cuba. Arrivedl at the latter place, Rtey solicited the aid and pro tection of the Amtrican consul at H avana-af firmitg that ho had been forced away from ew Orleanis at night on a false order from the ecorder of the second Municipality. A cor respondence ensued between Mr. Campbell. the American consul, and the Ca ptaina General of Cuba, from which it appears that the latter took offence at the mnterference of the consul' ad refused to allow him admittance to Key, who was confined in prisont. From Telegraph c despatch, however, we learn that Rey was afterwards given up by the Captain General without any formal demand made for him, and has been sent by the American consul back to New Orleans, where lhe has been ordered to give bail to appear at the trial of the Spanish onsul. Since his arrival he hasgiven testimo ny that lhe wvas abducted. This matter has, we think, caused unneces sary excitement. If Rey has violated the laws of his country, and fled from justice, he should have boen delivered up on proper demand, by tle Amterican authorities, though no special treaty may exist between the two countries ren dering it legally obligatory. It is an act of omnity dtte from one friendly nation to another, and is sanctioned by the juat and equitable principles of the law of nations. If the Spanish Consul has forged an order on the Recorder of the second, Municipality, he too, ,h'iuld be given up to the proper au orties to be dealt with accorditg to the char ater of his offence. Why shiould we strive to eten of'enders from justicet Mrskine College, ABDaIiLLE DisTHicT. We are requested to state that the Annual Commenceent of the Institution will take place on the 3rd Wecdnesday (the 19th day) of the present month. On Monday evening pre eding, at candle light the Rev.--MDonald, of York, will deliver the Address before the Theological Alumni. On Tuesday evening at ' o'clock, WV. A. Lee, Esq. will deliver the Address before the Literary Alumni; after whmi, there will be several (otherspeeches from niembers of the Literary Societies. The Ex ercises on (Commencemienit Day wIll commence precisely at 10 o'clock; A. hf. The Address before the Literary Societies will be delivered by the Hion. F. W. Pickens, on Wednesday af,rnon. Hungary. The Hungailan cause is every where exci ting the deepest 'interest. The unparalleled gal' lhntry with which the Hungarians have maitr. tamed their struggle for independence baselici ted the admiration of the civilized world. Large and~enthusirstic meetings are constantly held in England in favor of the cause of thi heroic people. Members of Parliament, like wise, show much feeling on the snbject, and i is thought that the British Government will b< among the foremost to recognize llungarias tnldependence,. Shall our o*n Goerninentt, so strongly gym patbizing with .all efforts to establislr ire'liber ty, be backward in this work of fr-edom ? The Hungarians deserve, if ever ty peophi did, our deep sympathies, and our patriotit prayers. They have glorietsfy maintained th cause of liberty and humanity against the stub. born efforts of military despotism.. If we can let ts encourage them, tb still further efforts till they have succeeded in crushing the merci less despots who are waging war in their Ter. ritories, and in establishing on a broad and du. rable basis the noble temple of Liberty ! 0t0 Mote than 20,000 persons assembled it New York on the 27th uIt. to express sympathy with the Htungarians. The meeting issaid it have been addressed from four different stand in English, French, Italian, ani German. FUR THE ADVERTISER. Plank Roads. MD. EDIToR,-The willingness evinced by you to make room for my first connunu nication, has induced me thus early to cou' !inue the subject commenced in your last. It is not my intention to- attempt to enu merate all the advantages of Plank Roads, in their effects upon society at large, direc 1md indirect, near and remote. either ir rrgard to their pecuniary ;benefits, or thei effects in a moral and social point of view, To .do this, would require the space of your twenty four colurnns' and.if I did no betome weary of writing, jour readers cer tainly would of reading on the subject My object is to induce tihe pepple of Edge' field District to think on the subject- of Plank Roads, to induce them to reflel coolly, calmly and dispassionately on the subject, to weigh well the advantages, (and disadvantages, also, if there are any,) like ly to result to the farmers. merchants, me" chanics, and all other classes from theiic introduction, and if upon mature reflection, they are convinced of their utility and *adaptation to the wants of the District, then let them resolve, deliberately and firmly, io'unite in the matter, and' ispen' sing with wind work, do the wood work, If a Plank Road were built from Edge. field to!Hamburg, its advantages would be so obvious, and its utility so well estahe. oft movin aw At ' the saime il bnear ton Pantpert trnorn imeo rads cTue iecto hisproulve mio lan inthe vafu mofin paaion At the roatel doubei eaec, whimer Poolank l eads oats, frnuill esewhee, and te artices, reasonable, nhat simiar longseranhoruaio potucemolradef hefect re Theis aoulthert eanter Plunk olatos, onicheshou no dbles igotheipren vale. Such has ex een the effect, her rl oads ee builiaenwa ad wiiar cabused anod pronghe silin ef0 fther. NThere iees anthe fsain sin Plan ads whichge s hou no be s plhtcof thnd iny h there is e on youni isrigthand andong yure whatel mosl weed-mthe ro abt, nr dogs." and witingede to ve gnive an tetinae ol inefoamd. Nhatur aeumse tof scinizene bu aublae anbouat coui ayec ofPlaed oad youph tesre isiy ou hou riht fha anqnuaret, ha yes tos tned-urnurno a na dins."na Telegraped tor the Givaon Geriae. nfThed hakt.-Yeumery ofou ciiundreo ofankeve dytbaest Cittilty were d hermfomg thatuaenry-ofe esulfthen crwil rte ce n. Werisamr Teea:phdforFhChalEstn FGontrie. Te steasipe Alabaa, fou rie hre in 40 hours fromn Tom pa Bay. Shne bringn advices that otn the 20th inst., the com maudaut of that port received a white flag uniderstood to he frot hBow Legs. the the Semninnie Chief, expressing a desirn for peace. and proposing to hold a coun cil at the next full moost. It is now gen, erally believed that the difliculties will bn sorn be over, and that the parties in the late outrage will be surrendered. The U. S. troops, 300 in numbner, would await al Fort Brooke the result of the Council. Taia SLAVE CasE.-It appears that the colored man Albert, who arrived in thin city on Thursday last, per the Philadel, phia cars, in charge of Officer McCreery is said to belong to a Mrs. Hays. o Cecil county, and was arrested in Cihes. er county, Pennsylvania, having rut away several years since, four of whlich ho was employed by Mr. George Martin of the Friennd's Society, in Chester coun ty. The colored tnan did not receive an) injury whilst in the hands of the officer Mr. Marnia, who followed the party to thin city. has been arrested tinder the State la w upon the charge of harboring and employ ing a slav~e, damages for wages beini claimed to the amount of $1,000. Marttt has been commnittedi in default of bail. -Bnltimore Sun. FOR THE ADV;RTIsEt. - No. XI. Innovation. With many 'inhOvation is synonotrious with reform. 1Iot'this is a capital error. If every change 'raitrght in Legislation, or in the manners andifstittions ofa people. brought with it correlative itnpiovemnert, how rapidly would man advance towagl the highest attainable state of pefiction.! How many abuses and evils would be readily removed ! -And' hni successfully would the rules ind instirutions of soclety worjtto the happiness aid glory of the htu'an race.! There would be in the order of events a regular gradation from good to better, and from better to best. l'very thing would prosper. All nature, in unison with the human heart, would glow with cheerfulness, and mau would soon enter into the delights of his'parthly Elysium. Bur,-unforttinately,.the order of .:hange is not quite so opportune. Practical inno vation assumes a mingled .character. It wo.rks.sedmet'inefur the better, but very often for the worse: It occasionalty re doonda to rnan's glory and happiness, but not unfrequently to his wretchedness and infamy. So that, in the mait, the good and the bad, even in the best informed communities, are pretty nearly balanced. In the most civilized aod refined narions, how slow is the process of real imprdve ment I How gradual the developments in morals, politics, the sciences, in a word, in every thing which tends to. true national greatness! And often are the strides of reform hindered by rash and senseless itn novations. * One hasty act in government may impede a nation's progress for years. One itprudent change may destroy- more than ati age of wisdom can repair. It is easy to pull down, but it is no trifle to build up. History is replete with instructive les sons against rash and thoughtless innova tions. Look to Greece ! In the inconstant tide of her Sickle public opinion, how rapidly did event succeed event, .change follow change, till the vessel of state was completely engulphed in the sea of inno vation ! Yesterday the multitude decreed, to-day it rescinds. Yesterday it eulogized -to-day it ostracizes--to-moorrow it -will condemn the ostracibrs. To resolve a war, or to ostracize a patriot are almost simultaneous efforts of the popu. lar will. The hero of one day ismade the martyr of another, and the martyr of that day, the demigod of the next, Virtue, knowledge, patriotism, are all .the .idle sports ofthis gamboling spirit. Themisto cles is battished because he saved his coun try: Aristides, because he is jusa: and Socrates is put to death, because his irtu' ous citizenship and enlighteheJ patriotism are thought to endanger the Republic. At length, wars, tumults, revolutions, etpatri ations, confiscations, proseriptions and con denations all follow each other with the T -a till the Grecian Repub .iopensmest~ br change, his cupid ity and amnbition. A taste of Eastern luxu res, and a sight of Ea;stern mtagnilicetnce, disturbed the equatimity of his republican spirit. attd created a thirst for inniovation as inatiable as it was fatal to the libterties of the nation. Soon the sad elfects begant to exhibit themnselves, lai the course of butte ihe national character is comltely changed. Roman sitmplicity and Rnman intrepidity disappear. Thle good old Rn. matn virtues-:chatstity, cotratge, p-atriotismn, public independenco-the proud embletms of the early Reapublic-are completely ab sorbed in the swelling veins of new and populur vices. Every thing domestic is neglected or despised, w~htle the tawdry elegrancics of foreigni climes are flooded ttpon the country to the nation's delight. No longer is it a boasted pride to emulate the republican simuplicity of the Roman founders. The nobhle virtues of Rotmulus, Nutria, Cato and Regul us, a.e wvholly for gotten amid the fashionabile follies of mod ern refinement, and the shouts of tiberty are hushed amid the forced dini of civil ty ratnty and military despotismt. This departure from their primittve sim. plicity called dowtt upont the Rtomnan, the virtuous indignattion of te high souled pa triot ; but the nationi was too far degenerate to listen to the rebukes of wisdomn or of patriotism. Hear thn patriotic lametnt of Cicero: 0O, morem prwclaram d isciplinamque, qutami a majoribus accepitans. ii quidema teneremus! Sod nescio quo pacto jamn de mianibus elabitur." 0. what an esxcellent sysiem of rule and discipline we received from our f'orefathers, ifwie had only adhered to it ! But I know not in what manner it has passed from our possess~on, AndI the indignant satire of Juvenal: "Rtustionis ille tttns stotit trechidipa, Q~uiri no, Et ceremlatico fen, nicateria collo." 0. Romulus and Fatber Mars, Imok down! Your herdsman pritmitive, youar homely clown, Is turned a beats in a loose tawdry gowvn. The practical effects of this spirit of chang~e in the Roman Commonwealth were every where manifest: It led to a most profligate sl ate of morals; suppressed public virttne; destroyed all patrtotism, by leaving nothing in the political fabric to honor and revere; wrought numerous civil dissensions, in which wvere engendered murdlers, rapes, robberies, assassinations. tyranny and oppression in almost every form; andI finally, after a long period of national decline. dutring~ which it developed itself in manifold varieties of numan Op pression and crime, it led to the downfall of the Empire. it converted Rome frotm a nation of moral grandeur and great po litIcal power to a state of besotted igno rance, debased morals and slavish servi tude. Hlistory informts us. that the little Italian Republic of San Marin, from the honest sitmplicity and virtuous mnanners of its in habitants, though invaded perpetually by the formidable powers of the Pope. grew properous, happy and illustrious, white her sister states, vielding to the baleful elfects ofrwalhandi change boiyed unde~r the yoke ofoppression. abd wore the fetters of extreme ig..ozance and te't'r.4 -Lotk also to France! Can on) one, ob sirva. of human 'afTairs. have forgotten the iKevolu.tion of 17S9, replete with every thing that can shock the feelingsnr disgust the sensibilities of humanity ? The spirit of change first evinre's itself by a dreadful popular convulsion4 in which the old es tablished order of thiug' is' entirely done away with,-royah'y hbolished':-the King and Queen bohe ed, the people split up into contending'factions; the whote -nation iltrowi into tumult: 'laws o'verturned; tribunals subverted; industry a itiout vigor; commerce 'expiring; the revenue 'npaid., yet the people impoverished'; a church pillaged, and a state not relieved civil and military anarchy made the Cotistitu. Lion ef-the kingdom-; every thingatbman and divine sacrificed io the idol of 'public credit, and national bankruptcy the conse. qnence."t Mbbs, wars, civil-d nsion, whosesal'e 'robberie's 'nd murderiuarehy and confusion disgrace the nation. .to the wildness of the popular. fury, the.God of Heaven is, dethronpd .'frm. the..pe'ple's ntirtds, and the 'Goddess of Renton." with her licentious rule, is elevated (d ar bitrary doninh. With this mistir stroke of innovation, foIliovs a siene of bloodshed and horroir. which no 'language can les crie, no art portray. hlen,'women, chil dren.-the harmles's bab'es 'of i 'nocent mothers, se hurried away 'vftho'tt trial, justice, or mercy to the river Seine, or to the bloody Guillotine to mie't their doom of death. Brother istiryed adgittlftth er. father against son, and hubband igaibst wife. There is no vile passionthat does not find a pander-no'crime tha't does not receive an aporogist. Indeed all the b'ase elements of man's naturp seem to be let loose upon each other, doiat' t'eir .)iotrid work of butchery and destruction. This is but a faint sketch of the "bloody reign of Terror"-the dynasty of Danton. of Ro beepterre and of Marat-those diabolical fiends, allowed in the wisdom df Proyi dence, to be, for a time, the scourge'r; 'ef their race. To 'vhat extent the plgenty p'f in iv tion had led tha't excitable peoplI but for the iron will of the greatest genius, and, at the sane time, the greatest tyrant the rbrtd ever saw, cannot easily be conjectured. The mabterly spirit of Napoleon did fo'r a while hold in the headlong propensity fo'r change; but it was only by the most rigid military organism and a harsh, systematic espionage (sure badges of despotism) kept up by day and by night all over the natio. And aTter all, it may be a question ofteri ous historical inquiry, whether thenalional spirit did not drive Napoleon into many of his aggressive wars. It is quite certain, at least. that he would have found it much more difficult to control affairs within, had not the national mind been so entirely directed to foreign wars. At Bonaparte's loss of power, the old spirit of'change, hicfi bad been to violent .rin, thie Rev->lution, broke out nr'ch. its wonted energy. Step by step it : ed till Charles the X. was drivel .- o throne (1831.) and Louis Philipe **r I . hi, lace. -No 'sooner has- . t)e - ;nizing effects. Under the orderly *rthie yngner Bourbon it graduall~y -e violen't. till, at length. gatheted in .,ht, it again overthrew the rule of or rer atnd governmaent, arnd.reproduced licen. tousness and ahiardhiy. Louis Philipe has beenl driven from his throne by the very power that raised him to it. As formerly, mobs, rows, bloodshed, violeiice, rapine, atarchy and confusiont have all succeeded, and Franzce is still teithaout a goLrttnent ! These example's stand out prominently on the pages of history to wa'rn us against the danxers of hasty and reckless lhnova titn. They are headd6n lights, se't ot efore thereyes of. the world, as guides to .. nations. The people thdt will not peofit by tiem,.nte grossly negidetful of the plain lessons of wisdom and experience. Like the reck less people of' Isreal they forget ? they do not consider. God grant that this may nor be our condjition !. OsE OP -rUE PEOPLaE. *Gillijes. Hiust, or Greece. iBurke, reflections on the French Rev'okn' ~ tion. TtiE CAse or Btow.--Our readers are aware that his 'exe'ellency *Governor Sea. brook had extended the tirhe of Brow~n's execution to the last Friday in this month. His indefatigable counsel has procured a further respite of two nton~ths. Brown is yet very feeble froin the er'ects of his bro ken leg, which imnproves slowly. A peti ton sirongly signed, and we helieve by all the jury who tried the case, was.-preserned o thle Governor, asking for a comthutation of the punishment. His excellency has not committed himself upon the peti ion, but grantetd the respite in considers tin of the prisoner's suffering condituon. The other Brown, the accomplice, was dicarged from jail on last Saturday, by - order of Solicitor Fair.-Camfdenl Journal. [ycitIIarY DocuatENTa.eThe Mobile Tribune says: "The Washington Republic enomerates that there is no legal power in any deputy postaster, nor in the postmaster genlera, to open and exmaine, nr to suppress, or to refuse to receive, aby pinoted or written mater, and paper or letter, which any person may' think proper to convey -by tail. This is the doctrine we feel assur ed. of a large numnber' of partisans North * and South. But let it be attempted to be carried into operation atnd Mr. Collamer will fud other States following the lead of South Carolina in imprisoning the grace less s::oundrels and suppressing Abboli ton documents TUE CEsUs.-Fromf the report of the Censustaker for this District found in nother colunWi wve learn ,that our pop. otion is as folrows: Whites. - - . - 13,208 Salves, - - -- - . .. 17,285 Free Negores who pay tax, . -188 Total, - - . - 30.681 Abbeville Banner.* The Hungarian General hem, when of reacher languages, about two years ago, in Oxford, won golden opinions-of all parties, on account of his noble bearing, his modest detmcanor; and his virtuous mind.