Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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-- -,4 r - - r} . c C- - * - - We wil cunrg to the Pillars o f the Temple of our Liberte i must fal, we will Perish anmidst the Ruins." -o*J 4L4 j N . 5 PBUI.ISEIED EVE1tY W-.DNESD AY Bt W1. F. DURTSOE. EDITOR & PROPRIETOR. NEW TERMJ' Two DOLLARS and FIFTY CENTs, perannum if paid in advance -$3ifnot paid within six months from the date of subscription, and $4 if not paid before the expiration of the year. All subscriptions will be continned, atnless otherwise ordered before the expira tion of the year ; but no paper will be dis continued until all arrearages are paid, un less at the option of the Publisher. Any person procuring five responsible Sub scribers, shall receive the paper for one year, gratis. ADvERTIsEsETS co.nspctuousty inserted at 75 cents per square. (12 lines, or less.) for the firstinsertion. and 37& for each continuance. -Those published monthly or quarterly, will 'be charge.. $1 per sqnare. Advertisements not having the number of insertions marked on them, will be continued uutiloidered out and charged accordingly. Comnumnications, post paid, will be procipt ly and strictly attended to. LETTER OF HON. H. S. FOOTE The le-tter of Senator Foote to the Editor of the Union. which we .annex, refers to matters of importance to the South. To the Editor of the Union : Sra :-To the numerous and often times denunciatory strictures upon my conduct as a public man, which find their way into the newspapers of the country, I have been in general altogether. indif ferent, and in all cases. heretofore I have been absolutely silent. Nol should I va ry from my ordinary course upon the present occasion, but that it is feared by others, whose counsel I greatly respect, that silence on my part might be con strued into a tacit acquiescence in cer tain misrepresentations, which, if ef'ec tual, might by possibility do more or less injuty to a cause to which my life has been devoted. I find myself char .,ged wkh having declared during the last hours of the session of the United Stotes 'Sente, that Cass atd Butler, in conse : uneof the conduct of some of their proaching Presidential election. Now this is not only wholly without founda tion, but is most ridiculously false. W hat 1 did say, in substance, was this : It will be borne in mind, that the Oregon bill had been returned to us from the House with our amendments to it stricken out. There was reason to believe, had a Com mittee of Confetence been allowed us, in accoidance with well-known legisla tive usages, that a satisfactory compro mise of all the matters in ccntroversy could yet have been effected. Various facts were stated by myself and others, showing, as I think, conclusively, that a compromise mig!it still have been at tained through a Committee of Confer ence. Senator from Illinois, (Mr. Doug las.) who had principal charge of the Oregon bill, had consented to a Com mittee of Conference, and had even ur ged it upon the Senate with his own char acteristic manliness and ability. Other distinguished Democratic Senators from the North were m:r, than willing to try the experiment of a Committee of Con ference. Under such circumstances, the Senator from Missouri [Mr. Benton] in sisted upon his motion to reced0 from -our amendments, which, taking prece dence of the motion to refer the sub j.ct to a Committee of Conference, would cut off, if successful, all hope of present compromise. We had struggled for a Committee of Conference during the wvhole of Saturday night. Sunday morning had arrived, when I took occasion, in the course of a speech running through some fifteen or twenty minutes, t.o warn certain Senators against the possible consequenuces of a rigorous ly coercive course. 1 urged upon them that their conduct was likely to be t egar ded as evincing a settled hostility and contempt for the South and Southern men. I went so far event as to express a fear that their indiscretion antd seeming illiberality might have the eff'ect of weak ening our Puesidential ticket in some quarters of thte South, or might at least impose upon its Southern advocates a heavy and oppressive burden of expla nation. I besought them earnestly yet to allow a Committee of Conference, and thus place our ticket beyond the reach of misr epresentation and injury ; av-owing all the while that I knewv Gen. Cass to be thoroughly sound on the WVil mnot Pioviso question, and that 1 should be the last man in the Union to forsake hint. When Sunday 'had passed away, and Monday morninig. was in progress, the Senate was again in session. South. era men reflected well upon all.that had occur red. Southern Democrats had con ferred together. They bore in mind -that Northern Democrats, in both Hlou. ses of Congress, had been s'umtining the constitutional rights of the North, and been laboring to secure our safely, when Nortern Wihis,n to m-an, hnrd proverd hostile, and even a few Southern men had showed themselves unmindful or re gardless of Southern interests. They recollected that explicit assurance had born given us by the Senator from Illi nois, [Mr. Douglas,] with his own char acteristic frankness, that he and h:s friends would again unite with Southern men next winter, as they had done al ready in the session of Congress now closed, to bring about such a conpro mise as that for which we had been con, tending. We knew that Dickson, and Doug, las, and Hannagan, and Bright, and Sturgeon, and Cameron, and other good and true Democrats, ftot. the free States of the North, in both houses of Con gress, would still Le with us. We te solved to trust to the assurance of our brethren who have already, in so many fierce encounters, proved thens,"wrs worthy of confidence; and accoidingly when on Monday morning the Senate again assembled at nine o'clock, and a motion was made to suspend the 17th joint rule of the two houses. which pro hibits the presentation of a bill or joint resolution to the President for his ap probation on the last day of the session, without the suspension of which rule the Oregon bill could not have become a law ; when, as Mr. Calhoun emphatical, ly observed, the bill stood defeated ac cording to parliament rules; when all acknowledged that it was cotnpletely at the mercy of the South, we resolved, on full consultation, and on the assu, rance above mentioned, to spare it ; and, after an attempt or two to amend the resolution, I. was atithorized to rise in my place and announce that all further opposition would be relinquished, and thus the Oregon bill did become a law. . This is the sum and substance of what occurred on that ititeresting occasion. If this seems to indicate inclination on my pat will be of Vir ceedinl bors-as of citb quiet,. . . u a,o., ..... y , port of our noble ticket ? If any are disposed to conjecture that the last scenes in the Senate argue the enfeeble ment of our ticket, let me assure them that never have I seen such signs of con cord and brotherly love among Den.o crats from the North, South, East and West, (with very slight exceptions in deed,) as those same closing scenes un folded. I may go further and declare, as I did by their express authority, on last Wednesday, in Virginia, that dis inguished democratic leaders from the South, heretofore luken arm or hostile to our ticket, encouraged by the assurance given that Northern Democrats will here aftei concur and co-operate with South ern Democrats and Southern Whigs in bi inging about a fair and oquitiable com, promise of the territot ial question, will now support our nominees, cot dially, ac tively, and to the end. I could go yet further, and state what I personally know to be actually true; that Southern whigs, as leading and in fluential men as any in the whole South, seeing the united and unanimons oppo sition of Northern Whigs in Congress to the constitutional tights o,f the South -heholding the extraordinary indica tions now disclosing themselves, of a general disposition among the WVhigs of the North to fraternize with the Barn burners in support of Vsan B3uren and Adms-perceiving, as all discerning men must now at last perceive, that Gen. Taylor has really no strength any where, and that the only hopn of defeat ing the abolition ticket of Buffalo, and thus securing the safety of the South and the integrity of the Union, lies in the success of the Demnaciatic ticket, have not hesitated to avow a strong doubt whether ii is not their duty, as true pat, riots and Southetn men, to come with all their wi'ght and influence to the sup. port of Cass and But er. 1 speak not hastily on this point ; and those who re ceive this suggestion lightly, will in a vcv short time (indl it made good, and even transcended, by actual facts. H-aving corrected the misrepresenta tionis which provoked this enmmutnica, tion, I have the honor to bi.. &c. H-. S. F OOT E. To preserve Peaches.-Clean your pea ces by pouring hot water on them, and afterwards wiging them with a course cloth; put into glass or earthen jars. cork them up, and fasten the corks with wire or twine; thetn ph-ee the jare in a kettle of hot water until the atmospheric air is ex peled from the jars; after which seal them up tight with wax. Peaches prepared in this way retaio their original flavor, and are equ~ally as delicious when cooked itn the ordinary manner gix months or a year after being put up, as if just taken row MORE OF THE NORTHERN PHASIS. Mr. Corwin was expected to address the Whig meeting at Cincinnati on the 21st instant. but not appearing, Mr. Caleb B. Smith, of Indiana, was put upon the stand. This personage. who is famous for his flippancy of speech. undertook to expound the creed of Gen. Taylor. "A stranger remarked to us (says the Cincinnati En quirer) that he heard Mr. Smith make the same speech in Wheeling last week. with the exception of that part relating to free territory; which, not suiting Virginia.soil.. was omitted at Wheeling. Mr. Smith made a statement, which it may not be inappropiate to put on the record for fud tore reference. He said that Gen:-Tay lor, if elected, would not veto a bill containt ing a provision for the exclusion of slav ery from the Territory of New Mexico'.and California, and that the Southern Whigs would sustain him in such a course; that the Hon. W. Bullard Preston. a IVhig member of Congress from Virginia, had so assured him (Air. Smith) not longer ago. than two weeks. This tale is fer the FREE Sttates; Mr. Smith did not dare to tell it in Wheeling. One thing was evident to every person present, and that was the absence of all enthusiasm, When the werd' clubs came up nnd weru posted in their places. three cheers were brdercd, the first was tolerable, but faint for the size of the crowd; the second denoted the pulse to be fast sinking; and whep the third was listen ed for, two or three voices were heard as if struggling to make their escape from choaked throats. The groundswell ofpo pular enthusiasm were wanting. The. speakers scarcely got applause enough to keep them in spirits-" The Cincinoti Signal agrees with the Enquirer in one thing, viz; the absence of enthusiasm. "Two or three attempts were made to get up a shout, but they failed." Another Confirmativn of the Nrthern Phasis ! The Mount Vernon (Ohio) De mocrtic Banner of Tuesday last says. that on the 18th 'the Hon. Thomas Ewing addressed a Whig meeting in .lountVer. non, and contended, among other tings, that "Gen. Taylor is a'Willmoi Proviso . .... . ... :n -.... - for if he thought.he would veto the Will mot Proviso.-N. Y. Tribune. GEN. CASS ON SLAVERY. The Whigs charge that Gen. Cass be came opposed to the Wilmot Proviso from expediency and not from princille-mere ly to get Southeru votes. and not from conscientious convictions of the constitu tional rights of the metbers of the confed eracy. The lbllowing silunces such a charge. and furnishes now and ctnclusive proof of his soundness on the questinn, of slavery. It is from that able and t::fluen. tial Whig paper, the " Cincinnati Ga. zette," and was published to injure Gen. Cass in the West. We invite particular attention to it as showing that Gen. Cass has always been with the South on this exciting question.-liuntsville Democrat. "Gen. Cass is not a new convert to Southern doctrine ; he tonIc it in the natu ral way. When the subject tof extending slavery to Iissouti and Arkansas was agi tatingthe country. Judge Wilson edited a paper in Steubenville, and strongly alvo cated the side of liberty ; an able patter puhlished it. Chilicothe contained articles on the opposite side-hut the Judge was an able man and had the advantage of be ing right, nad so wram too strong for his slavery opponent ; at thtis point several ar ticles appeared on the slavery .tide much above the cenpacity of the editors, whirh were m(,re ditlicuilt for the Judge to answer than all he had to oppose op to that time. It was cvtdent that the editor could not write such artirles, but the authtor wras un kuown until many years afterwards, when the editors of both papers met. and con versation tutned upon thteir early contro versies. J. W. expressed a strong desire to know who wrote those able articles itt favor of extending slavery, and the editor gavo Gen. Cass (or thte author ; he had no expectation then of ever being Presi dent ; he lived in a State opposed to slave ry; he dare not then claim the honor of such labor, and we ntay weoll suppose he wrote his real sentiments, so that whatev er doubt there may be on his other princi ples. there can he tno doubt that in sup porting the slaveholder's doetrine to the ut most extent, he acts out his own princi pes, and Southern men may safely trust him ;hut it is just as certain that no man opposed to slave extension can trust htim. Jutdge Wilson hitmself is my authority for this statement, and if he be living will re peat tbe same."-Cincinnati Ga:ette. The Modern Babylon-London is tea miles long by soeen miles broad. 'The number of houses is upwards of 100,000, andf it has a population of not less than 2,000,000 of souls. Its leviathan of body is composed of nearly 10,000 streets. lanes alleys, squares, terraces, &c. It consumes upwards of 4,369,400 pounds of animal food weekly, whicht is washed down by .,400,000 ~of beer, exclusive of other Ii quids. Its rental is at least .47.000,000 a year, and it pays for luxuries it imports 1 12,000,000 a vear duty alone. It has 587 churches. 207 dissenting places of worsl-ip, upwards of 5,000 public houses nd 15 theantres. neie of the South Carolinian GREEN vILLE., Sept 2, 1848. ravelling public still keep the reenville full of life and gayety, th?p a from the middle and lower dis tri are seeking pleasure or health racing atmosphere of our moun tain ry,or the fashionable watering plai ori- Carolina and Tennessee, are give us a call, and frequently open ral days, and even weeks, in ou. pt and fashionable mountain vil itl all who pass through express astr esire to rettu by the same route. On' day the 24th ult. Cal. Gladden -and Col. Lunovant. Capt. Pres ton "and lady, and Col. Whitfielil lady arrived in town. ar,d took' dging at the Mansion House; andt it evenipg, united in giving the it, which was gotten Un in Mr. and urbec's liet style, and was n mero aMinded by both thu citizens andes ers. "s still the;leading topic of the ,dsy; e rival claiinrs ofCass and Tay.. ori a patronage of the South, are .biing issedewith increased zeal and i'nierests Ithe changes which may have oecar inea-I wrote you last, are doci edly vnr of Cass and Butler. The -gres ardinal principles of true de mocracy are rapidly gaining ground in theip;co ntry, which the election in Oc tober ..imore. fully demonstrate. The great ma of .the people are waking tip to thene interests, and are assuming a positi f ;on the political platfurm. from wich .s the dazzling glories of Gen. Ta yo isnlitary distinction can never drve m Thetrat Democratic Taylor meeting at Sphitgburg was pretty generally con ced d,tbe a failure,;,nd is the only one of th Iktiiwhich I have heard of being a teml in the back country. Almost all the clidates, as far as I can learn, who ; 'declared themselves at all. arie f sand Butler; anJ those who arevet ngto. run on the Taylor ticket, are do .i th very little hope of suc ednntI.n et that thnn nn The Whigs have offered as one of their issues in the present contest, opposition te the Veto, as a power anti Republican in its nature and tendency, and fit only to he in the hands of a King or Despot. This cower was incorporated into the constituiion by its framers, who were the wisntt statesmen and purest patriots the world ever saw, and has been exercised during the brief exi5tence of our govern' nient. as many as twenty-fivo times, as fellows: By George Washington, 2 Ry James Madison, 6 By James Monroe, l By Andrew Jackson, 9 By John Tyler. 4 By James K. Polk, 3 25 Do these facts indicate that the Veto is that obnoxious feature it is represented to be by the Whigs? Do they show that i is a kingly and despotic power? Wash ington and Madison were among thos who framed the Constitution. and wouk such Republicans as they have sanctioned a despotic feature in that instrument. or have sanctioned it in their adnini<tratiot of the governmen?-Lynchburg Rep. TilE FR1ENDS OF TH E SOUTH. The P'rovidlence Journal, the lead in; Whig paper of Rhode Ilanid, holds very explicit language iu speakinig of the sy m pat hies of the Whig and Democratic par ties in reference to the Abolitiou mnave ment. I t says. 'The W'hig party is the8 best Free Soi party. If the Abolitionists had not defeat ed t~Ie Whigs int '1844, the extension a slavery which has already tmtkent place, ani the greater extenasion which is metnaced would have been prevented. Throughou its whole history, the Whig party has beei the party of freedom. It has innintainie the right of petition, it has opposed the an nexation of Texas, it resists the extensiol of slavery which is now contemplated, tic only over New Mexico and Californ:a, bt over the country which is to be the nex suject of -reannexation. the yet opforme republic of Sierra Madre. The Whig par ty is a nationa~l party, which the Free So party cannot be; and it numbers even a the slave States better friends of freedor than the Barnburners of Newv York, be cause they are honest friends, who are at tuated by conviction and by attachmentt the great principles of their political urgau ization, and not. by a momentary spasmi malice and revenge. The Free Soil me are playing over again precisely the gain which the Abolitionists played in 1844. The eIlection of Cass would be the greates triumph wohich slavoery could achir.ve, an every Whig vote that is given to Van BL reti. is given in aid of Case. The electin of Van Buren is not expected by any boda the choice is between the two candidett which represent- the two great parties. Beween those two every man must chaosi and no elector caridi Vest himself of his rn sponsibility by .trowing away his $Inte ul on a- candidate who ho kn'ows cannot I eeced." HOW WE VIEW TlE MATTER. The following inble will show what the chances are for Geans. Cass & Butler. ac cording to the heat light we have upon the suhject. As certain, for the Demo cra tic candid,tes, set down Maine, 9 Arkansas, 3 New Hampshite, 6j Michigan, 5 Pennsylvania, 26 lowa, 4 Virginia, 17 Texas, 4 South.Carolina, 9| Wisconsin, 4 Ohio. 2:3 Georgin, 10 Mississippi, 6 Louisiana, 6 Iliiana, 12 Florida, 3 Illinois, 9 sAlaban)a, 9 j Total, 172 .Missourj, 7 We,lye..tbus 26 snore votes than are suTifient- to elect our candidates. Besides these we have equal chances to get Tennessee, 13 I Maryland, 7 Connecticut, 61 North Carolina, 11 New Jersey, 7 t Delew.re, 3 Total, 47 Of the remaining States Van Buren will prohably get as follows New York, 36 Rhode Island, 4 Vertont, 6 - Total. 46 leaving Massachusetts and ' old Kentucky' ftor Gen. Taylor. with a chance at the votes of Tennessee, Maryland, Delaware and North Carolina. 'Pan honor this is the best we can do for old Buena Vista, at the present -Muscogee Democrat. . From the Charleston Mercurj. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION. Cassius M. Clay, who has rendered himself odious to the South by his ult -t abolition professions, and who is the un blushing, notori,s, and infamous Whig champion of - )se principles, reconc:es his advocacy ut Gen. Taylor, as will inI sbstanco here be detailed. In a letter addressed to Horace Greely, of the New York Tribune, after reitera ting his complete devotion to.the cause of abolition, suggests that this desirable pur." pose can he bettor accomplished by tbe4 election of Gen. Taylor than by any aeaibs at present contemplated. - - r stances, create a secttittu . thereby distract the Democracy. Tr. fraction will unite with the Whigs, a their party will be raised into power. T.. Whig construction of the Veto power will prevatl. and for this we have the pledge of Gen. Taylor himself. In the elevation of Gen. Taylor to the Presidency, Whig principles will be triumphant-the Veto power so crippled and narrowed dowu, that a majority in Congress will rule the destinies of the people-then elect a free soil Conaress. and freedom to the slave is secured. This proce:s. though seemingly circuitous, is certain and inevitable. The Present Position of South Carolina -It may be a source of gratification to our readers, to learn that the mtoat cordial unanimity prevails in almost every part of the State. in support of the prieples of the Democratic creed. We may be pardoned for publishing a flattering extract of a letter from a get.!entan of the tipper country, to be fotnd in another column, which speaks truly the state of aflairs as they uow stand. l rom our own observa ion and information received from all parts of the Sttte, we believe that the few Taylor men who yet hold on to the no party Wh-g Gceteral, ;are extremely an xionts to charge to another putnt of p)oltt cal cotmpas'. TIhey have, not only in many instances ceased to abuse the D)emo cratic Catndidate, but are even weather ing the storm. by slyly tipping a witnk of blmte nt oid Zack. Let thema come forth boldly, ntnd say they are for the true Caro lina anti-Whig doctrines, atnd we are ready to give themn "a place in t he pie ttre." The [Demrocratic party oif South Carolina. because it is in the majority. does not desire to build up barriers which will cut off' any of the sons of theo State from doitng her service in the hour of need. -South Carolinian, 8thS inst. Utility of the Sons.-An opponent ol 'secret societies.' speaking of the OJrdet of the Sons of Tetmperance. in the Chras tian Contributor, says--" I have seen most inveterate drunkards substantially reclaitm -ed by it, individuals that ntthitng else could Ireach. I have seen its good influence on young men who are to come after us, on whom our hopes centre, by giving theji -termperance principles a more decided tone. One of its obligations, if it has no more Sthan one, is most praiseworthy. The can didate is placed under the most solemn aif ffiration tnever to use as a beverage, any~ itoxcating drink wyhatever. By these efacts my prejudices are made to give way -and 1 atn inclined to make a distitiot between this society and the other depart ments of thte same brood favorable to th: former, and to ioquire whether the.ap"re hnded evils to arise from it exist in fact or merely in imasginationl. Prarie Steam. Car.-Thte experimen w;ith the. Prarie Steam Car, invented b: Gets. Semple. of Illitnois, appears to hav succeeded. The Springfield Register, o athe 28th ult. says. it has run ten miles al hour,o,e th..,e praic wit h fifty passengeri A Great Comet Exfecled.-The atten" tion of Astronomers in Europe has recent ly been turned towards the subject of a great cornet, which appears to have visit edour system at intervals of 562years, - and if the calculations of may scientific men be correct, ought to- make its next appearan:e during the* present year, not far from the taonths of August or Septem her. Mr. J. R. Hind, no astbonomer,-of London, has lately published a work on this subject, and confidentially predicts the return of the celestial visitant. Of the very early appearances of this comet, we have no precise scientifie ac cnunts. fut.,in the year 1294 its appear ance threw alI Europe into great alarm, and caused i, to he recorded in the his tories and chropieles of toe day with spee. cial notice. The tail wagery long and broods res embling a fanit\i shape, emergigg from the eastern horizoilbefore the dimmer nu cleus of the comet, and when fully risen, stretching itself uplvard. and sh 'oting its rays to the meridian. The comet occu- - pied ir. length one half the heavens. pre settina a fearful a|uri'ition to the eyes of the superituintis observer; as if swept along through space, the tail diminished daily il breadth, but proportionably increased ic length and brilliahey for many. days, till at length it graduily disappeared,.to.the = great relief of 'the terrified inhabitants of Europe. - The chronicles;.of those times relate many terrible calarpities which befell the nations of christeadotm doring that year, and which, ofcourse; w~ree all attributed to the indluence of the'colret. Urban IV, was frightetied :nto an alarming dist.rder, which confined him: to. bis apartment during the whole period of.the appearance - of the comet. On the night of its disap pearance the Pope died. In 1559 a comete:sapposed to beils same one with the pi-ecediag, again ap peared and spread consternation through out Europe. It move4 with im6ense velocity, accomplishing 15'degrees of its track in the heavens in 24 hours. The head of the.comet exhibited the appear- - and ? h "me, hair the I be looked for with conuuo...- - Owing however, to the want of repeatedr - and accurate observations, this point canot be regarded as fully settled-to say tnothing of the perturbations caused by other known and unknown members of the system, the which the movements or the comets are liable. Should the expected visit take place, it will add one more tu the great events of this year of wonders, and furnish the science of astronomy with the materials for a splendid ttiumpb. To speak of the subject in its more vul gat relations, we must remark that thu Mlillerites, had they knouw any thing of the history of this comet, would have made capital," as the phrase is. out of so pro mistg a subject. Unluckly for them, its approach is !on near at hand, and it must appear or be given up for lost, before they can get up excitement.-Bos. Courier. Wearied of their Liberty.-We some weeks since, heard of a case where nine slaves had rnn away from their masters and gone to Pennsylvania; we now learn that after proling abot two or three months, they have become wearied of Ii berty, and now returnaing, one by one, beging their protection and forgiveness of the tdan whose hospitable tnansion and ptoviingj care they had been persuaded to ohandtn,by the delusive dreams and pic tured fancies or freedom. Several have already returned, all promising that it allowed to remain, they will never leave him again. Others have written for the' meatns wherewith to return, that they thay once more have some to provide thenm whit their daily food and a place of shelter during the night, both of which had they sought in vain since they had left tileir mater. One int particular, after wander ing about the streets in Philadelphia. sleeping in alleys, and wherever lhe could secrete himself, sent to his master to send ntd take him home. He was accordingly set for and found waiting at the depot, half famnishetd for want of food and nearly naked. So delightted was he that he was ths enabled to get home again, that when told that the cars would not return until four,r it caused htiin the greatest apparent grief. HeI was, however, furnished with money to procure his food, and when the hour arrived, joyfully departed for htis home, no doubt fully convinced that his wot friends were those who had urged him to leave a comfortable home. The hardest thing in this case is, that after the slaves hatd run away, their mas ter, who is a gentlemtan of high standing for hontor and integrity, in one of the adjoining counties of our sister State, was accused, by his philanthropic abolition neighbors, of having sold these very slaves and reported that they had run away ; but nne believed stuch an unlikely story. 'Wilmington (Del. ) Gazette. fTruth is a hardy plant, and when-Once, afirmly rooted it covers the ground so that e.ror can scarce find root.