Edgefield advertiser. (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, May 24, 1848, Image 2
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" We will cling to the Pillars of the Temple of our Liberies, and i l fall, we will Perisk amids1hs Ruins."
- - A
OLUSAE Xli- T *
BY Wi I. F. IU ISOE.
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IN TIE SENATE OF THIE UNITED STATES
NR. BUTLER'S RE1OuRT.
The~ Committee on the Judiciary, to
whom were referred cet tain resolutions
of the Legislature of Kentucky, "in it
vor of a passnge of a haw by Congresst
to enable citizens of slavelulling States
to recover slpves, when escaping into
non shveholding States," have had the
same under consideration; and have be
stowed upon them that degree of atten
lion and deliberation which resolutions
of such grave import should at all times
demand from the Legislature of the cOt?
federacy. The facts and circumstances o
which occasioned these proceedings are
fully set forth in the Report of Corn
mtttee, and the action of the goten-r'
ment of Kentucky, and are as follow,:
Resolutions of the fLegislature of Kentucky.
in favor of the passage of a law 1by Con- a
gress to enulie citi:ens of slaveoldif;l ,t
Stales to recover slaves when escaping in %
to the non slaeholdinag States. - ti
Report and Resolutions of. the Genera; et
Assembly of th'eCommonwealtht of Ken ti
-lucky,.. - .. d
The~com rittce on federal. elaittins, t ti
Trimble and Carroll, in rehtnion to t rrce-t i
aholition mobl in the town of Mtrsial. -t
State of Michigan. have had the same un- h
der consideration, an. submit the follow- fl
ing repoit : I
it appear to the satiifaction of the coi n
mittc, that one, F.raneis ''rotmtan3 was y
employed as n-cnot and mtarney in fart il
for Francis Gilter, of the county of Car- h
roll, to go to the said town of Mar;nrha in o
the State of Michigatn. to recltim. take if
and bring back to the State of Kentucky f,
certdin fugitive and runaway slaves, the e
property of said Giltner; that Troutman :1
proceeded, under the authority thus given v
him, to said town of Marshal, for the pur- s
pose of bringing htome to the owner s
of the slaves aforesaid, and whikt endeav- ti
oring to arrest said slaves, a mohl, cotpos- i
ed of free negroes, runaway slaves and c
white men, to the number of from two inft
three hundred, forbid said Troutman, and r
those who accompanied him for that pur- i
pose, to arrest and take into their posses- a
sion lthe slaves aforesaid, and by their n
threats, riotous amd disorderly conduct, tid n
prevent said Troutmau, and tihose asscem- 1
ted with him for that purpose, from taking I
into their possession the slaves aforesaid. I
Your committees regret that the eii r
zeus of the town of Mlarshall, in the State
aforesaid, have Thus actel and conluctrdn
themselves; and stneh conduoct and such t
outrages committed ttpon thte 7ights and
citizens of the State naf Kentucky, or any
other State of thtis Unint, munst nefcessari
ly result in great mniseWui, nai is wel cal
culiated, and must, if persistedi in lav theo
citizens of Michigan, otr any other of the
free States of thtis Union, termmtitc in
breaking up and destrnying the peace anoda
-harmony thatI is desirale mv every gnat1
citizen of all the Suattes ot this lUtmnnn,
should exist btetween. the several Stuncs,
and is in violation of the ilaws of the Um-i
ted States atnd the constitutional ria'hts mf
the citizens of the slave Statec-. The atli
davit of said Tiroutman is appeniedl tan
this report and made part hereof, (moarked
A.) Wherefore,
Bc It resolved by, thne Gencral Assemubl.~
of the commi~onu'eaIlh of Kenutucky, 'Iinhat
the legislatute of tihe State of .nl ichaigan he,1
atnd is herebny respectfilly butt catrt:esthy
. requested to give the sttbjnct thtat cott~nd
ratin which its impoarna nce (lean a s.-a anal
to take stuch action thttenon as im thle jamag
ument of said legislatutre is deemed't protpuer
and right, with a viewvn toiainatitn tht
peace, amityv anal gatod feelingu whIicht malt
to exist between tha' citizetqnsaf ihe Staters
of Michigan anal Kentmtcky, anal Ian tine
purpose of enabling thc citizens of lKent
iucky to reclaimt their runaway atn1 lugi
give slaves to thte State of Michigan.
Re,eohved further, That nttr Sentatnors
and Rtepresentnves itn Gongtess Ihe ram.
qttested tao turn t heir at tetntinnnn t Inc snab
ject embraced itn thne fortetni ng repmort andu
resolution, and urge tpnt tine conasidernann
of Congress the itmportante of patsstng suchl
laws as will folly enabale tine eitnzens of
the State of Kentucky, andi tihe otlter slave
States, to reclairn annldntaim their slaves
that may run awvay tan thne free or tntn
slaveholding States oft thnis Union ; thIat
they also declare lay sail lawes titr severt-~
penalty for Iheir vwnlan:iou thannt tine cntsti
..,:,.. of the tited States n ili tolerate.
h0solved, That the Governor he requ
ed to forward to the Governor of the- St
of0liebigan a copy of the foregoing rep
and resolutions. with a regtest that
submtit the same to the legislature of
State, for its conilderatiot and antii
That h( also forward a copy of the same
each of our Senators and Representatit
in Congress.
LESLIE COM3BS,
Sprukcr of the louse o/iu-ps,
ARClilIA LI) )IXON.
*X peal.cr of the J cuale .
Approved Alarch 1. 1837.
Wil. OWSLEY.
By the Goiver::or :
G. B. KINKEA I,
Sccretary of .Sate.
TilE Atil n.vtT tIt' FRANCIS T1OL'T3MAN
This aliiant states that, as the agent or
attorney of I'ricis Giltner, of Carrt
county, Kentucky, he proceeded to il
town of ila;rshall. in the county of Ca
boon. and Stat e of Michigan. and in con
pany with the deputy sherifT and thrt
Kentuckians, on the norning of the 271
January. ent toi a house in which the
oind six fugitive slaves, the property t
Gil:ner. The slaves were directed to at
murnpanty us to the oflice of the magistratl
tome of them were preparing to obey th
ominous, but before alliant could g(
he:n started, lie twas surrounded by a mol
icih, by its violent threats, menace:
td assaults, prevented the removal of th
laves to the oflice of the magistrate. A(
ant directed the SherifT. litte after time
> discharge his duty, and he as oite
ade an efllirt to do 4'', but so great wa,
he excitetntot anil violence of the mob
hat the tillicer wa< afraid to seize the
aves. tesolotions were offered by som'
f the most inflietntial citizens of the town
hich were calculated greatly to excite
ad encourage the negroes and aboliiiot
ihble, who comnstitnted a part of the tnob
''he tmngtroe enigaged in the moh wer<
timateid at from forty to Pi'ty, many o
ho-n are fugitive slaves from Kentucky
4 irhlliAi was int'utred and helieves.' The
imber of persons cntaged in the mto!
ere variously estimated a, from two to
tree hundred. All the resoluitonts offer
ly those enegiaeil in the mob were sos
ined. by g:iidieal acelanation ; many of
e mob pledged their lives to stisaitn
em, and at the sate tm-e had Cqu.i
ith which ii eeee ti:i hi:ir purposes. Al
tt contenti"d f er sm ne hours witlr fli
ob. an I -till i sittol on taking the slaves
are the m" gistrale far trial; but the itt
ential mcn of the mi.oh told allilot that
eyre nas no nerIdo trial
other atiemit to reinive the slaves wvoltl
opardt the Ihve of a1lh who mrighlt takh
to attelict tri. t t they we;' ,iieit ri'iied' 1i
-ve! nliait ifii roim toiniaii 'iig, the slavet
item remoivinae the -l!v.-; fro-n towtn. even
he pro-vel hi ri;hlt ti di s'; they siated,
lrther, tha--t publlic: sentitCol was oppo ?
I to souiterner's reclaiiiing fig'tive slaves
id that nltihuuh the law wis in our fa
>r. yet public enltiment tmust and shoul
ipersedle III( i'w in this and similar ca
,s. Atliamt tthen called upin smne of thI
>ist active inc tte rs of thit mob to givc
it their tanes, Anil inform himd if they
tomsidered themselves responsible for Ihein
ords atl action< on that occasion; they
rumptly gave their names to alliant, no
rt was told to write them in ca pital letter,
nd bear them back t' K'ntncky, the lane
slavery, as an evidleice of their deter
iittion t t ersist in the dcfeicc of
recedence alrealy establishedh. The fol
win i resolutinu was then offtred: Ie
rlt'cdi, That these Kentniekians shall 1a.1
ntive from this place these (naming I11h
laves) by moral. physical or ligad furcc
was carried by general accla mation.
ilianit thten di rectedl tie shieiffi to soinn
on t hose leting men~i of tie mohni to as
st ina keepin ih~ile peace; he did so, ho
le, refused their aid, nitd ifiant tnole
mnd them lii say thatit they wtould assist il
reventinlg thle a rr'et oaf th~e slaves.
rano iation wa~s thien held by~ eight or tel
h the molib, int mmeti di--tantce fromt th
aini criwi, as lto whiethe ia'i1tint miigh
lae thiema biehire thie ma;,istralte ; thie deC
ision was ini the itegaiiv.. and the feillowt
02 resolutijot wv t olfered: Resol'Ce
hat theisej lentinekianis shall leave ihi
wnin t wot Ihour-; (stomi pientaty in tl
~vent oif a failiar'' was a taachecd, whtich a
anth does noit recollect.) It wasl sustajine
y~ the itnnrnimtons vite of the molt.
A wa trranit of tre'spass was, thten issuie
nl served uponi the, she'rill, alliint anr
-ompany~ltl; we sitn i thie trial: th~e imagi
rate, wito wvas aainiiholitioniseh lined
i 11)0. A walrrami wvas t lien taken iii
igiiist atilanit ihr drnawing' u pisuei nPo'
Lacro, and telliiig him toi g'and back. wr
"ida negro wa is miain~g ian notemptht lto for'
i tltelf' ilion al I~anat andt' into the ai
where alli:mtt lad alae slatves. Oni triai
imatt pruovedl his agentcy, and thati the slav
wire the' prer.ty oif Gilater. for whomi I
was actinig as niaenut, yet th'e court ro
tizedin tias ;alihta to appear at the next ci
ceit court for truth.
.iay wrte ..be IiuIts olIer ed niianijtt
te leaading2 men of thie mtoba whno inaformi
hit at the samie lttme that it was 'jnst so
reaitmenit as ai Kenatnekiani deLserves wht
attmpting to re cap tare a slavie. and th
hev initendled to i make t ~anhmle of hi
hat others mtighat take w arning. TI
hern hail been attemtpis by slavehaltder's
rclam slaveos itt aheir town, hut they h
alwass bieen repulIsed, and always sh
e. "The insub~ds olTeredh this aflianit, as
printe individuail, wer'e tretated with a
to oh' silent conttemplt , hut snech as wi
offeredl himats a K~etnekiani, dturing I
titte of the tmob nod thte iro::ress of I
st- dass' trial which succeeded. were resenae
rte in such a manner as this afliant believe
urt Ihe honor, dignity and independence of
he 1 Kentuckian demanded.
hli, Given under my hand and cr'ai this 15t
mn; February, 18-17. F. TRtOUTM]AN.
to Ft.ICLtN COUrTY, set;
es I lrsoually bethre the undersigned.
justice of the peace for said county, thi
day Camne the above named Francis Troni
itan, who made oath, in due form of law
to the truth of t le statements as set fort
ini the foregoing alt-idavim.
Given under my hand this 15th day o
February, 1547. H. WINGATE, J.P.
EXECUv;V D.PARTTIEN'T,
Frankfurt, Ky.. Dec. 11, 1847,
Sir: The last general assembly adopt
ed the annnexed report and reaolutious it
( reference to certain proceedings had in a
,II meeting of the people of Trimble and
e Carroll counties in this State, which I now
. have the honor to forward, agreeably to
the directions of the logislature.
e I have the honor to be, very respectful
hly, your obedient servant.
y WM. OWSLEY,
Gove/nor.
W. D. REEI),
Secretary of State.
e To the Hfon. Jos. 11. Underwood.
These proceeings disclose a state of
things afl'eting deeply the relations of
the States to each other and to their
common Union under the constitution;
- and the rights and duties ofboth are es
sentially involvod. What laws may be
and ought to be adopted by Congress,
for the protection of slave owners, in re
claittng their fugitive slaves escaping
into non slaveliolding States, depends
upon the provisions of the federal con
stitution and the laws of Congress made
t for their enforcement, as well as up
on the laws of the non slaveholdng
States, that may in anywise affect or in
terfere with the remedies which the cit
izens of the slaveholding Siates suppos
ed were to be found in and were affect
ed by them. The second, resolution ur
ges upon Congress the .importance, of
passilgsuch laws as -will fully enaibl
the citiz ns of K.intucky, acid the othier
slave; States to reclaim thoseslaies Ic
tog thats'o t had
declared by the said laws the severest
;nn Py fu their violatson that the con
stittioun of the Uuited States w it tol
erate.
This plainly expresses a fearful truth
it-it the laws now in force are inade
iinate to remedy lhe evil; or that the
non slaveholding States will not recog
niz, and enfor ce them according to the
oblic ttion which it was intended they
shoul impose on the pirties to the fed
ei complact.
That compact originated in the inte.
rest, and was intended fot the mutual
security of it? menb'rs. ft was adopt
ed by wise Ind practical statesmen in a
mutual spirit of concession, of compro
mise and of justice- and the abiding
guarantees for its harmony and preser
vation and perpetuity, must be GOOD
FAITH. Whlen that ceases to operate
on the confederate States, these guar
anties will lose the sustaining breath
of their life. They will he appeal
ed to in vain, when their is a reluc
tance or aversion to observe and en
force them. There w is some elements
of discord. arrising from dissimilarity of
sectional interest, to be adjusted by
those wh'lo fra-n'ed thle comp act. Bit
-the greait;tandl wise mtent upon whmom the
taisk devlvedu did not look upon these
elements as theoret icail phtilusophers, 0or
specubitive legislaitmts. N or did they stif
fer sectional prrejudice, mutch less sec
tonail bigot ry, to control th. ir cotmnsels.
t All the dillerenit pate hal t heir pecu
-liar rights, and it was the object of all
to restect ar.d sccnre'thiem in subservi..
e nce to the common desire-miutunal sc
e cetrity--as one people involved in a
econmmon destiny.
The sla vehiolding States at that time,
the0 strongest ponrtion, but from iibvious
d causes, likiely to have a peculiar posi tio~n
awould tnot hmve entered into the confed
u- rary withountt express recognition of
'a their intit utinus, and i'ithiout what they
in supposed, somIie priactia gnaranty of
thiiir ritth's to tt'e and enj oy themin, ca
pible of enforremenut. W liilst they' re
served to themselves the right of deter
t. mninhg thteit ownt 1policy in t ri efernce ten
s~ slavery, they' claim thie tight in the con
ec stitution of prolhit in g Congress fron
- intrfering. withi thenm. Nay nmore:, that
r- Congress shiould protect thiem agains
lie interference of others, b~oth agij.ins
foreign powers anmd againtst the legisla.
-h tioni of their confdelirate members. Th
litter entered into a constitutional pledgi
at In give to thle sivehodling States thn
ni. fill dlominion antd controil over t hi
at sIv es esca ping into their territory, illt
toexpresst stiptilat ions to "'deliver up"' ti
aitheir masters or owtners, such fugitive
llas tmigtzl effe~ct their escape into a frne
t err itory'.
.re The clause of the constitution mom
himnmediately involved in the subjec
wo matter of this renort is as follows:
di [See 4th itlo of the constitution
( sec. 1.] .
a 72. "A pe son charged in any State
h with treason, felony, or other crime,
who'shall llae'from justice and be found
in anotlwr fate, shall, on demmid of
a the ex -cutiv eautho: ity of the State from
s which lie Il& be delivered up, to be
removed to-lhe;State having jurisdic,
tion of the criine."
3J clause.."No person held to 7ser
r vice or laborgin one State, under; the
laws thereof,rescaping into another,
shall in consequence of any law or reg
ulation thereiti, be discharged from such
service or lalbr, but shall be delivered
up on claim of the party to whom such
servce or labor may be due."
The latter;iaus'e becomrs especially
important (i the consideration of this
subject; whitl :the first will shvew in
what point ofvtew the States from which
fugitives m ve gone, had a right to
regard (I era ;; n both, the character of
the person: must be referred to
the understanding and laws of the State
having the orn al tight and jurisdiction
over hima.
For many ySars, t e clause immedi
ately under consideration had a self-suf
cing ellicacv; iaving all the incidents
and advantage t~onceded to it of an ex
trajudicial tred . The commoaa " prac,
tice of the tii . s an honest and in
posing conime nisnthe intention and
object ofthe p sion. A slave escap,
ing into a non veoldiang State 'could
be pursued, a tn general, Could be
as easily ali ndedihere as in the
State from it he lad made his es
cape. It was t oniinmon, as your
Conyrmittee.a cAInfortiaed, for jud
ges to rema ve.Sitito to be
tried, a per . erngli
ing his fre n *otirtsiiid
judici .a' =,o c a nn
.slaveh d,
cognzd
agene N 'C
-e ri0 t owner o a pre den
where the svecould be identified as a
fugitive, was net disputed, much less c
imipeded by Stab laws or the violenco
r
of iuresponsibleiobs; The paran.ount
authotity of thdconstitution, and its ac- a
tive energy, sere acknowledged by it
common cons . It executed its pro. ei
visions by the active co-operation of In
State authority in the fulfihnent of
what they theniecognised as a eonsti- S
tutional duty. ;The duty to "de-licer I
up" seemed ted regarded as eqal to e
the right of thoowners to demand hik sr
tscadping sea va. The term "ceiuver cr
up,," had a nning so preenant and at
obvious, that itannot with all the ob- fe
ligations, by cirmon consent, growing t
out of its use; ait inpat ted a conceded st
a ight, so it wastgarded as containing
a perfect obligion. The dictate of
good faith foun in the non slavehold
ing Stait-s nodposition to evade or de
ny its obligati . The framars of the .ri
consiatuion e then the living and nI
honest expon rs of its maning antad ty
active operat The j:a latsy of po- lo
lti-:.d intere ras thera not strone e
notugh for h .e and unconstitutihal 114
Iegislation. r committee are n;t in-o174
forunod tha~t Ie wls, in the mly d.a st fal
tiC dais gove ent, i a ny occaion lhr
calling for I shative lagisla tion ont the e
pairt of Coas, for th" prpose (far
enforcing th rnvisionsio tiChe ctanase of ser
the constitui hist raeferred to. 11law t
long it wou vae conutianuil to execu :e
itself, mustv hie ai matte Ir of conp c
tiarae; anad i ea enda, it may be raeerd- aiv
cal as atnnfo aire thlata Congress ever i'fi
undertook aumae ane b~la'~liiti~ On ino
thec subject therie nre any :easons a
to stuppose ihe States mighi t lhave wi:
gone on in lirnt of conceurrenlt daat ies lim
to dischaarg-ii obliiiinrs aaadelr iha iba:
conaeita'tionJintil I179.3, and for manv a .
years aiftera', such~ lhad baen the' tn
dietcy or a'u. Thineiclau~c of th ina
cons: ittirttive in pearsons esc apin m; a a
fa oma sea vaed nevmn haeen brouighat toco
an aial Itur its enaforcemaeant. ly
It app~heauromi stateenats nov; be.. et
foro thet ccitt.'t, "'that in tahe vi ar I t
11791, the :enor of Pennsylvhita, :
tinder the lision iof thle constiatmaon oat:
retitiave to itive to ' "gtiavas fromco
justice,'" mat demianrd oat the Govarn- Islhn
'or of Virgi'ur the suarrendelr iad de-I tir
livery of tlperasons whto lad bee'n in- oaf
dlictedi in asylvain ia for k idapi law
a nega 0 aerryine lhim in'to Virg.iia. -owl
The 0Govr of Virgjinia lwsitaited as cI
t) the couo be ptiisaied, andur refeir, AfC
red thie mj to ithei At torney Geneiral muel
aof the Sta hao advised thlit thle de- ' bi
mand Oatg t tat L-e comaplied with-- vall
Upon01 thaisga l te Gover nor ofC Penni - Ini
sy vainia assed a cnomaainicatioaun olaor
Congress ugh Ilie Presidenit. Tl'tiin t
a P'residenat rdingly laid than drocee'd, pri
tinugs befo magress, and teir delib';- puia
rations fintesuhecd in the act o1*173. I er
which was passed without oppositior
and is as follows:
AN ACT respecting fui iders f out jus
lice, anrl persons'escaping /on the ser
vice ' their master,
Sec.1. B1ed. enacted, c., T'hat when
ever thlexecutive nathority of any S in
in the the Union, or of eithr of the Terri
!trce northwest or south of the river Ohio
shall demand any person as ;I fugitive Il-on
.iitice. of* the creni-tive aolhlrsiy ofl ny
such State or Territory Io which sucil
person shall hava sled, om oid Il, mioreov.
or, produce the copy of -oi intdicin:eat
foini, or an alli levit mlade, before a man,
istrate of tny i:,ate or Terrilory as afore
said, charging ithe prson so demanided
with having conuinii ed ireason. felony. or
aiy other crime. certified as amtestie by
the Governor or chi.--f aiiintgisirate of the
State or Territory from whenco the person
so charged ilnil, ii shaill be the duly of the
executive authority of oihe Si;Ite or Terri
tory to which such person shall have lied, to
cause him or her to be arrested ansI-secut
ed, and notice of the arrest he given to the
execntive authority mtaking such demaid,
or to the agent of sitnh nt!irity appointed
to receive the fugitiv'r. and to cause the
(ugitive to be deliverral to such agent when
he shall appear. But if no such agen:
shall appear within six mouths from the
time of the arrest, the tprisoner may be dis.
charged. And all costs or expenses incur
red in the apprehending, seentring and
transmitting such fugitive the State or
Territory mtaking such demand, shull be
paid by such Sintte or 'T'erritory.
Sec. 2. That any agent appointed as
aforesaid, who shall receive the fugitive inl.
lo his custody, shall be empowered to
transtit hiin or her to the State or Terri.
tory from which he or she has lied. And
f any person or persons shall. by force.
tet at liberty, or rescue the fugitive from
uch agent while transporting, ay afore-.
aid,.the person or persons so offending
thilfl on conviction, be fined not exceed.
rg five hundred dollars, and be imprison,
d not exceeding one year.
Sec. 3. Trhat whe person hlI4 to ra
nny/of the Unite St Is, or in:eith
iothe Territorie rhtwes'torsourb of'
Oh, uderyth& a- h thert3;
. - . tQ w on
ake him or her before sy jug ge of the
ircttit or district courts of the U. States
esidini or being within the State, or be.
i'e snily magistrate of a county, city or
iwn corporate, wherein such s. izures or
rrert shall be umnle, and upon pAoof, to
ie satislacon otif such jndge or miagistrae,
tier by oral ot..mitmni.y ~r a tlavii;t r:ci
nfore ani certified by a tngistrale of any
icl Ste or Te'rriiorV. Ihfusi the perein so
ie'l or, gitretedt tho ih. uinder the l;ws tif
e Sitae iir Territory from wisihi lie or I
e fled, ot ae service or ihor :o the person
;iming hint or her, it shall be the luiv oft
ch judge or agistrate to mite a ceriili,
le theriof to steh claimtan:t I, his agent or
torney, wh Ii ich shall he stificent vairrant
r removing the .ai.l fugitive fro-i laior
fhe Siate or Territory froii which le o.
e is fied.
Sec. .1. That any peron who shall e
origllly anI wil lin;ly obstruct or hin.
I ucl claiiitat, his aucot or attorney.
so seizIg or arrenini" such fugitive
m labor. or shall resenw such fugitive
In such claimatm, his agent or attorney. al
en sm arre'sted, nuro:it to the alibori- n
herein given jr diethrir'id or shall lir- SI
r usr congeal such ptrs'~tn. after notice
It ba( sir she a a fI iiive front hibor, in
afoiresail. shIl. for tl ihe' ..I f the sail vi
-tsnes, f-it anl pav ie sumtii of live
, !redl dollars. WIchV60 Itmiv ny l-l bec
sivered-t by antI for tisef bnell iof siteh
imanft, by thne action of deblt, ini any t
int proper to lhe m:nnas; sarviiig. nore
,to the personi clatiming -nuchl labor or j
siceh richi iif actionr for,. or on ac- cI
mul of fthe said itnfjurirr.sir either of theum.It
.\ pprove~l dle b. I-?, I ]. ]ic
Ithe claiumis of ih:-se acts isre stiittto
he Ulmts bylthe f iinn ~~f ofati ti 1an
mis Congiiressr, tha;:t the iwars or hh.liill
lii hii iiow ~n veiwhervir li-n ilonh
I limit, w'ithulsf t tor bhils rtancte; andi, i (
a ' i I- ia a itoa-'y ais well toin
Stauts corts as ta th' Uitds.ih
nfie slav i TIi- ift was hut thes
fiin aii il f I i-(s fz f-n i -ins, :io;| iiai
w 1y 11 e i is n i!t h' V i i i si : e ~ i~ n o '
p~ trtie; but. m 1 ifr-Ld and ohn
l.11"Thie cl:iuni his!r f f the
try-t: wonidt show thatf~i iiat ,fiineriod v
pn-ry was' ivd' eog i l iior iiiti l.iv
ir int ali'.the ohi.? :vin , i ~in all er' '
tihmii alic-nvuni-Iettdt or entimmshit
er thte revlini, t~-hinphilic se-nti, i!
it otf sonm1 rf the ntillhilrn Stnies, in sil
chi slav e Ibi lonrid becomie of little sol
II, commen tiemi olU Ine oiniig at change- Cat
l'Sf), Pennitsyvaniii fpassd an nict "1
the gradta! a bolit ioti of slavery; and Ea
lie sa me yeatr, i'ih'ssachuisetts ma~de ".v
visiotis for then pirospectiv emaitnci- ti
iot of lieri slives. I n a few years af. be
wvat ds. the e-xamoilles were folblowed
by all or nearly all the. ~England;
States. The southern States, however,
for obvious causes, frem soil and climate
. and local relation:, continued to retain.
the i lstitution. This state of things was
calcolated, and, in fict, was leading to
angry rontroversies, and to conflicting
and retaliatory i-gilation, unpropitious
to the harmony and peace of the States.
The compromises of the constiiution,
under which we entered into the Ut.o.
;arrest..d this t'endency of things, by con.
taining such guaranties as gave onfi=
dhence and suppos'd security - To :the
slaveholdts of the south. These guar
rant ics and solemin pledges were gener
ally observed in good faith until about,
1819. About that time, t~i nstitutioefs
of absolute slavery (it still being conin&
u:d in a iiodificd form) nas exptrid
under the acs of previoul legislatioida.
Ne!w Yoril. About the sagne timethe ..~
voice of discord was learO in. the
bates on di Missiur'-luesti n. I
as rt. JefTerson xp. ..ed
sound of a fire bell ilhli' . '
roused drnmant eledlents of mischie%, X. "
Sectional prejudic actionalgiib
lion have assuue. in
well calculated to - -
attention of patri t
in the )erpetuit ff" lI .
From the date r n "
tion of the non-slaveho - tes 1}?, .
taken the direction of rign,:-aind
assumed a form well ..cla'tedP
dermine the guaranties*-, u
tion, and to put in jeopa
of the slaveholding po}o
lederacy. A justifica
will be found by are t
of several nori slaveli
pervaded by a conuno
having apparently; ":s"sI.!.
make war;K.both upon- Laer.
political pbwer of
si ^d'precaiwd by man.
ere %m t %iba '
tr r+eured, t a
it has beendelided thait tat. . .
courts have no power or right to exer
ise any jurisdiction conferred on them.
y an act of Congress, and, as a conse-,
luence, that Congress cannot vest in the
tate tagistrates and sherifls and con
nabb's, power to e-xccute the act of 17a
18, as is attempted by that act. With-.
mt qiestioning the soundness of the de
ision, it gives to the constitution a dif..
rient conist ruction from that which Con
ress unantimnouii.ly enteitained at the
me the act was passed, and, in effect
opuives the noun-slaveholding States of
ecog nised remedy for tlesecurity and
rotect ion of their property.
The legiation of some of the non-.
avelilding States has beef, of a less
puivocal character, and more palpably
]constitutional as it has been deter
ined, by indicia l decisions, the para
ount law of the land. In all or nearly.
I, the easter n and northern non-slave
ddinv States, laws have been passed
Ice t$820, prohibiting, under penalties,
c owner of a fu itive slave from ap
ebenlding such slave without the pre
ous authlity of a magistrate, and af
r apprehension ?o efficted in many
.es, giving th. e s:v the Wr it of habeas
pus a nd the right of trial by jury,
rl thirowing -:ex:itions and hostile imn
dimienis in the wa;y of the owner well
lculatd to deter hims fr om asserting
i ihts, anud in: palpable violtion of
Yotur commoit tee have not tie to re,
speciceah y to these laws ini detail;
as they ate gener ally of the same
rpot t, it is tuncessaryv. One, howw
tr mt he referred to, not by wvay
in;vid ious d iinctiont, hecause it was
HS as bjec:imonableh in its provisions as
iwrs, but foir thle reason that has un
rgn neoaejudicial ivsia
o, andi its chai~iracter settled by arn
hioritmilve judImnst omft lie Supreme
iit . We refeir to a law of Pennsyl
lint, patssedi ini 18:26. It nmay be re
tk'l here that New Jersv, Conneti
i lssiehnistt s, tand several othier
tIes, hiad laws aiing beyond this in
on and ojetitiotn.
lThe fi rst ser! ion of that act provides
I, "'il any personl shll , by force and
lce, take antd emryi away, or shall.
ise to bie laken ;and carried away, or
hi, lby fraud ansd flidse pretence, se-.
.:c or cause to Ine sr~luced, or shtall at
ript ton take and carry away', or to so
ti m y negrol o1 nlla to from any part
tat comon 01weakhlii, with a design of
linig and dI kposing of, or causing to be
di, or of keeping~ and detaining, or of
isinlg to he kept and detained such
;ro or mntltto as a slave or. servant.
life, or for ainy termi whlatsoever,
ary such persCon, by aiding and tabet
g, &c., shatll on conviction thereof,
deerned uilty of fen'. nnd shall